Ivimba iMeketiso yeMakethi yokulungelelanisa ulungelelwaniso lweendonga kunye nophahla: Iimpawu zothelekiso lwesamente kunye nomxube we-gypsim, iingoma eziguqulweyo
Inkqubela phambili ayimi. Ingubo engenamsebenzi evela kwisamente okanye i-lime kunye nesanti esetyenziselwa ukulungelelaniswa kweendonga zibonisa ngenkuthalo umxube womhlaba wale mihla. Zilungele ukugcina nokuhamba. Itekhnoloji yokusebenza inika isicelo sencwadana yemigaqo, kunye neepropathi zabo zokusebenza ziphucula ukongezwa kwezicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Imbali kunye nohlobo lwangoku
Igama elithi "udaka" livela kwi-Italian Stucatura, leyo, leyo, ibuyele kwi-stucco- "Gypsum", "Alebaster". Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukugqiba kwelokuba ugqitywe ngulwakhiwo (i-Plaster) isisombululo kumphezulu wezinto ezenziwayo kunye neenxalenye zezakhiwo. I-Plaster ivala i-rocks kunye ne-thungs, ukulungelelanisa izitenxo ezibalulekileyo zodonga kunye nophala, ngaloo ndlela zifumana isiseko esomeleleyo somsebenzi. Kwimarike yasekhaya, le mveliso imelwe ziinkampani ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwazo "i-volma", "Gillim", "Carts", "uStarkok", "uStroymontaz", "i-rism (" goben weber I-RUS "(iRussia- (iRussia- (i-nenkel (i-testit yentengiso), iKreisel (OBAYA), iQela leMaxit)Iiplasters zanamhlanje yimixokelelwane ye-binders, iifilitha kunye neezongezo ezahlukeneyo, ezipakishwe kwiiphakheji ezitywiniweyo. Kule fomu, ngaphandle kokuphulukana neepropathi, ukudluliselwa kokugcinwa kwexesha kunye nokuhamba (nokuba ngamaqondo obushushu amabi). I-Arster ngomxube wamanzi kwangoko ngaphambi komsebenzi. Ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo, isamente kunye nezisombululo ze-gypsim zihlala zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
Uluvo lwengcali
Uyilo lwekhreyithi kunye namashiti e-plasterboard yokulungelelanisa iindonga (ukutya) kunciphisa indawo kunye nokuphakama kwegumbi. Ukukhusela iishelfu ezinzima okanye i-plasma tv kuyo, kufuneka ukhathalele ukomelezwa kweziza ezihambelanayo. Ewe, kwaye emva koko, akukho lula ukuguqula izinto ngaphandle kokuphambana. Kwiindonga ezihlanjelweyo ungaxhonywa nantoni na, naphi na naphakade. Akukho mntu wazi kakuhle ukuba loluphi ulonwabo lweendonga zePlastars, njengoko loo nto ibonakalayo intsha, yaza yabenza iminyaka emininzi! Ke ngoko, ukuba ufuna ukuchitha ixesha elingaphindileyo ukulungisa ixesha elincinci, kodwa ke ungabuyiseli kuyo, kuya kuba ngononophelo ngakumbi ukusebenzisa iplasters. Bayakuvumela ukuba uqhubeke nokutshintsha ngokungagungqiyo sokugcina kunye nezinto ezingaphakathi. Ngendlela efanayo, njengoko isenzo sethu sibonisa, ukulungelelaniswa kwe-1m2 indleko ze-plasters (ngeqela lezinto) yi-1.5-2 amaxesha abiza kakhulu kunomxube we-plating (kuthathelwa ingqalelo iindleko zezinto).
I-VADI ye-OSESHhekkin, injineli eyintloko yenkampani yoyilo kunye nenkampani yokwakha "iDipris"
Sithiya ngokwemigaqo
Kutheni le nto i-stereotype yembono engalunganga yolu hlobo lokugqiba ngokuhlala ngokuqinileyo kwindawo yethu? Kukho izizathu ezininzi zelo. Umzekelo, isimo sengqondo esingakhathaliyo malunga nenkqubo yokulungiselela umxube, onokukhokelela kwimiphumo ebuhlungu kakhulu. Makhe sichaze: Njengomntu webhanti, umxube uquka isamente. Inika i-shrintage emva kokufaka isicelo, kwaye iphinde iphendule kutshintsho kwiqondo lobushushu kunye nolawulo lokufuma, ngaloo, ngokwemvelo, lubonakalisiwe kwi-Plaster. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukumelana ngokufanelekileyo nomyinge we-binder kunye ne-filler, ekwazisa olu lwandi kunye nokunyanzelwa. I-filler ihlala isanti, i-limestone engapheliyo. Imixube ephezulu ekumgangatho ophezulu isebenzisa amaqhezu esanti ezahlukeneyo. Benza isakhiwo esingakumbi, kungcono ukucima uxinzelelo oluvelayo kwaye uthintele ngakumbi ukwenziwa kweengqengqelo kunamaqhezu eHomogeneous.
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Ukongeza, imbonakalo yemifuno inokuba sisiphumo somsebenzi ongafanelekanga wokubekwa kwe-Plastal. Njengoko uyazi, izisombululo zesamente zifumana amandla apheleleyo emva kweentsuku ezingama-28, ukugona ngokwendalo. Ngamandla okufumana iziseko ze-poroura (i-Billicate Brick, ikhonkrithi ye-Fom) ithathwa ngokuthathwa komswakama kwinqanaba, ukungalivumeli ukuba ifumane amandla ayimfuneko. Oku akuyi kwenzeka ukuba upreyiza iindonga okanye uphahla nomhlaba okhethekileyo. Ukukhwela udaka kukhokelela kwaye uzama ukomisa ngokukhawuleza (umzekelo, usebenzisa umthetho wokwakha). Kule meko, ityala kwindawo yokuveza liya kuloma ngokukhawuleza kunendawo, kwaye i-shrinkab ikhutshiwe. Ke ngoko, udaka luqhekekelo lwengubo olusondeleyo.
Kwi-cullars kunye neegaraji kubalulekile ukuba zithathele ingqalelo i-vapor yokutshintsha kodaka, oko kukuthi, amandla ayo okudlula kwi-capillaries umswakali we-vapor ukusuka kwigumbi ngaphandle. Esi siphithiphithi asiyonakamileyo, kodwa xa umenzi uya kubonisa idatha yokwakhiwa okukhethekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-Plaster isebenza ukukhokela i-brigad efanelekileyo, iqhelene netekhnoloji yokulungiselela nokusetyenziswa kweeplasta, akukho zizathu zovuyo. Nangona kunjalo, abathengi abanokubakho baziwa ukuba emva kolungelelwaniso lweendonga, indawo yesamente kufuneka ilinde iiveki ezi-1-2 ngaphambi kokuqhubeka kwinqanaba elilandelayo lokugqibela. Eli gama lixhomekeke kubungqingqwa bomaleko, umswakama kunye nobushushu obufanelekileyo.
Ewe, abo babiza iyure nganye, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa ubugcisa be-gypsum engaphezulu.
Uluvo lwengcali
Ukusetyenziswa koomatshini bokubekisa amaxesha asi-5 ukonyuka kwemveliso yabasebenzi xa kuthelekiswa nomsebenzi wezandla, oko kukuthi, kwesa isamethi ngakumbi, ngcono. Kukungcungcutheka. Ukunyuka komthamo wesamente ekubunjweni komxube kusenza ukuba kube nzima ngakumbi, kodwa xa yomile, inyanzelwa ukuba iphinde ibe yimbonakalo. Ke ngoko, inani lesamente kufuneka libe lixabiso eliphezulu kwaye lincinci. Udaka olufanayo alunakuba sisiseko esomeleleyo. Oku kuchazwe ngokucacileyo kwimigangatho yaseYurophu. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kokukhona, kokukhona intetho eninzi (eyomeleleyo) iphinda iphendule ngokubonakalayo kwimahluko wobushushu, ophazamisayo okanye ukwanda. Ukutyeshela le phenomeno kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezibi kwezona meko zikhuselekileyo. Umzekelo, umxube wesamente ngesanti kwi-1: 3 umlinganiselo unamandla okucinezela ngaphezulu kwe-150 kgf / cm2. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kusetyenziswa i-Plaramic Brands M50, M75, M100, M100 kgf / CM2 ifakwe i-rocks kunye ne-DEMP yenqanaba le-FORDS ngenxa yokungahambelani.
I-Arkady Lukoyanov,
Intloko yeSebe loQeqesho lweZiko leNkampani "yeKnauf-Marketing Krasnogorsk"
Kuphela ekusebenziseni kwangaphakathi
Imixokelelwane yeGypsim isetyenziswa kumagumbi akwindawo eqhelekileyo yokufuma, kubandakanya ikhitshi i-filles kwi-filles kwi-PELLES kwi-PELLES kwi-PELLES kwi-PELLES (i-Partz okanye ngaphezulu kwe-1 mM) ethelekiswa nesamente ngokukhawuleza , hayi imini. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokulungisa. I-Adhesion yeplastiki ephezulu yenze lula itekhnoloji yomsebenzi, ebaluleke ngakumbi xa iqhuba izilolo. Ngenxa yokuphumelela okuphantsi kwe-gypsum yinto elungileyo yobushushu. Ukongeza, kukwakwazi ukugcina i-microclimo esisigxina kwigumbi, kuthathe ukufuma okungakumbi emoyeni, emva koko uyiyeke.
Iwangokusetyenziswa kwe-plaster Plaster kulinganiselwe. Abanakusetyenziswa kumagumbi kunye nomswakama womoya ngaphezulu kwe-65-70%. Iindonga zegumbi lokuhlambela zinokuhambelana nomxube onjalo kuphela nge-ventilation elungileyo. Ngaphandle koku, uqoqosho lwePlanethi yasePlasters kunye nokwenza lula ukusebenza nabo kuyenza ithandwa kakhulu. Kutshanje, i-raction ekhawulezayo yodaka olunjalo yayiyingxaki enkulu. I-ASTRT eyongeziweyo ivumela ukuba uyongeze ixesha lokufaka isicelo kunye nokuvusa isisombululo. Nangona kunjalo, zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula hayi kuphela i-gypsim idibanisa.
Uhlengahlengiso lwe-ultrasound
Ukuqulunqwa komxube womhlaba wale mihla kuya kubandakanya ukulungisa izongezo. Imali yabo yi-0.1-1% yeyonke. Ngaphandle kwenani elincinci elinjalo, bandisile kakhulu ukusebenza komsebenzi, ukuphucula umgangatho wokugqiba, kwandisa ubomi bakho kwaye ngenxa yoko, ukunciphisa iindleko zokulungisa. Abanye bagcina ukufuma kwizisombululo zesamente, abanye baqinise i-Plaster Father, i-Adrese Direforforforrance Adhesion, okwesine kuthintela ukwenziwa kwe fungs it.d. Yimfesane ekuphela kwamagama aqhelekileyo ahlala abhalwa rhoqo kwiipakethi zoMxube owomileyo: "... ngeezongezo ezikhethekileyo", ngaphandle kokuchaza izinto ezithile kunye nezenzo zabo.
"IKnauf" | 
"IKnauf" | 
"IKnauf" |
"IKnauf" | 
"IKnauf" | 
"IKnauf" |
Udaka lwenza umsebenzi womaleko ophakathi phakathi kwesiphelo sokuhombisa kunye nesiseko soqwalaselo. Ezona ntlobo ziqhelekileyo zebala zixhaphake kakhulu: ikhonkrithi (a); Ikhonkrithi (b); Iibhloko ze-gypsim (b); isitena (G); i-brick I-Blicate Brick (e) |
Plassalling "skeleton"
Izisombululo ze-Gypsim zikhethwa ukuba zifake i-fayer enye yobungqingqwa obufunayo. Isamente-zimbini, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kumaqhekeza amathathu: isitshizi sokuqala, eyona nto iphambili (akukho ngaphezulu kwe-20mm). Kuyimfuneko ukulinda usuku, ngelixa i-wangaphambili iya komisa, loluphi usuku oluhlala luhamba.
Ukuba ubukhulu besifakelo sesamente kufuneka singaphezulu kwe-30mm, ukuya kwelona nqanaba liphezulu le-50mm liqiniswe nge-fiberglass okanye i-mesh mesh mesh. Eyokuqala, njengommiselo, iposwe phakathi kweengqimba ezimbini. Okwesibini ilungiselelwe kwisiseko ngaphambi kokuqala kwengqungquthela. Ukubamba intsimbi "i-skeleton" kuyafuneka usebenzisa umxube olula kunye nokubethelela okungapheliyo kwiziseko ezigudileyo.
Ukuqinisa iigridi okanye iiribhoni zomeleza izinto ezenziwe ngobumbano: ii-angles zangaphakathi nangaphandle zamagumbi, ii-angles, iibhokisi ezingaphandle zefestile, ukuba ubungqingqwa bophangi be-plaster bungaphezulu kwe-20mm. Inqaku elinye: Xa usebenza nge-gyppum plasters, ukunyanzeliswa kwezinto ngokuqinileyo kuchazwe kumgangatho wesisombululo esisetyenzisiweyo.
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Kwityala ngalinye
Emva kokubetheka, umphezulu ubusifuba, kodwa rhabaxa. Isiseko esifanelekileyo ngokwesiko esifunyanwa ngokwesiko le-shtpopt, njengoko i-prety inesantya esincinci samaqhezu asezantsi. Nangona kunjalo, imizobo yendawo yokuhlambela yale mihla ikuvumela ukuba usombulule lo msebenzi. Umxube we "Volma-Wamler" ("volma") esekwe kwiGypsim emhlophe yendalo yenzelwe ukungqubana kwendalo kunye nokuzisa umphezulu kwi-gloss ngaphandle kwe-shtdleth eyongezelelweyo. Ixabiso lephakheji (i-15kg) - i-150 ye-150.
Iindlela eziguqulweyo zomsebenzi ezitshintshiwe ngeziseko zekhonkrithi ezinomdla. Iincwadi zezifundo ezindala kule meko zicetyisiwe ukuba zithathe i-chisel, isando kwaye zenze i-itches ngaphezulu komphezulu wonke okanye zilungise igridi yensimbi kuyo. Akukho mzamo mncinci ukwenza ngomhlaba "Betkontakt" ("Knauf") nge-quartz santi yokuqhubela phambili iziseko ezinqabileyo. Yenza ifilimu enqabileyo kuyo nayiphi na indawo egudileyo. Ixabiso lephakheji (20kg) - 11111111.
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Iingcebiso zokulungiswa kweendawo ezonakalisiweyo kwaye zigcwalise i-Readclings kwi "Maxit iqela": Ii-angles zigcwaliswa sisisombululo, zigxile kwinqanaba (a); Xa isetyenziselwa i-faider emxinwa, umphezulu wayo unqunyulwe kancinci kwaye ungazihli (b); Phambi kokuba kula makati elandelayo, ukuntywila kwangaphambili (b); Izinto ezingaphezulu zisuswe yintsimbi yentsimbi okanye inqanaba le-aluminium ngomda oqaqambileyo (G, D); Umphezulu ulungelelaniswe (e); Ukuba kukho imfuneko, i-Shici (G). I-plots ezilungisiweyo zinika ukome ngexesha lasemini
Iindawo eziphezulu zetyala, iiplani zomlilo, ii-chimneys, amaqondo obushushu awonziweyo kuphela kwingoma ekhethekileyo, njengeskena kuphela (iskena, iFrinatix, iFresland). Lo ngumxube wodaka olusekwe kwisamente kunye ne-kaolin. Ixabiso lephakheji (25kg) - i-570 ihlathi.
Ngexesha lokulungiswa, akukho lula ukucoca iindonga okanye ukuqina, kwaye oku kuyimfuneko ekubekweni komlinganiso olungileyo. Ukuthathwa kwemeko kuya kuphinda kuncede umhlaba, umzekelo uCerestit St17. Ingena nzulu i-falls yomnyama, inyusa amandla abo, ibopha uthuli. Ukuqulunqwa kokuthintela ukomisa kwemilinganiselo emincinci, yonyusa ukunamathela kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kunciphisa ukuqhekeka kwi-Comenting Mass. Ixabiso lephakheji (i-10KG) - 447 i-447.
Ngeli xesha, ngokweetekhnoloji ze-Finnish phantsi komxube wesamente "Tonit TT" kunye "nokukhanya kwe-TT" ("i-TT Light" ("Iqela le-MATINT") Ukunyathela kwawo okwaneleyo, kunye nodaka lokuthambisa kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kokufaka isicelo. Ixabiso lephakheji (25 kg) - 260 ne-280 ruble, ngokwahlukeneyo.
Uluvo lwengcali
Esona mpazamo ixhaphakileyo xa sisebenza kunye nomxube woSpaces Plations olungisiweyo-yongeza amanzi amaninzi kunokuba kubonisiwe kwiphakheji. I-ovevix yayo i-overvply ikhokelela ekwandeni kokuntywila komxube, ukuncipha kokunamathela, kwaye ngenxa yoko sifumana isakhelo esisemgangathweni. Ukuqulunqwa kwe-Plastal kufuneka kuvunyiwe kwimeko ye-homogeneous ubunzima, ngaphandle kweempuphu. Ukwenza oku, umxube owomileyo wongezwa kwinani lemilinganiselo yamanzi (kodwa hayi vice verda!). Ngokwesiqhelo, oku kwenziwa abantu ababini: Umntu ohamba kancinci umxube kwisitya, omnye uxube i-nozzle. I-frequency yokujikeleza kwe-Drill akufuneki idlule kwi-800 i-RPM, kungenjalo imixube yenxuwa: Amaqhezu anzima (isamente, isanti) siya kuvuka, kwaye ukukhanya kuya kuphakama. Emva koko shiya umxube ubodwa kwimizuzu embalwa ukuze i-odositives ekhoyo kuyo isebenze kwaye iphinde idibane. Kuphela emva koko unokuqhubeka emsebenzini. Rhoqo kukho amatyala xa ehlotyeni ngemozulu eshushu, umxube wokuqubha okuqalisa ukuphakama kwilungelo. Ithini i-UNILDESS? Yongeza amanzi. Ke akunakwenzeka ukuba wenze: Kuyimfuneko ukuvula i-rill kwakhona kwaye uxube ubume.
U-Eduard Mikhailov, usekela-rivelogist yeTekhnoloji yeHentol BatheHeknik
Ukuze ungathandabuzi ukuhambelana komhlaba, iiplasters kunye ne-PATTY, kungcono ukufumana ikhiti kumenzi. Ngokukodwa ukusukela namhlanje intengiso iphinda iguqule izinto ezahlukeneyo zokulungelelanisa nawuphi na umphezulu kwiNdlu kwaye ilungiselela umgangatho ophezulu wokuhonjiswa kwabo.
I-Plaster eyomileyo ixube
| Igama (uMvelisi) | Ulwakhiwo | Injongo | Amandla, mpa | Ukusetyenziswa, i-kg / m2, kunye ne-their cerk 1mm | Ivolumu, kg | ixabiso, i-Huby. |
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| "Volma-Jonga" ("volma") | Umxube osekwe kwi-gypsim dinder kunye nokukhanya kwe-Agegregate ene-Mineral kunye nezongezo zekhemikhali | Ukulungelelanisa iindonga kunye noqingqo phantsi kwelayini ye-ceramic, ukungena ngephepha lodonga kunye nokupeyinta ngaphandle kwe-shtddle, kunye nokwenziwa kwezinto zokuhombisa | Ubuncinci 5. | 0.8-0.9 | 5/15/30 | 50/150/22. |
| "I-keratax evela kwi-21" superplastic (i-keratx) | Umxube kwisiseko se-cemence-ikalika esekwe kwisanti entle enesiphene kunye nezongezo zekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo | Ukulungelelanisa iindonga zekhonkrithi, ikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi, izitena kunye nendawo yelitye ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezakhiwo | Ubuncinci i-7. | 1.5-1.6 | 25. | 165. |
| Iindawo zeHypan "Abafundi" ("Prists") | Umxube osekwe kwi-gypsum eguqula izongezo ze-bayter, wacker (zombini iJamani) | Ukungcungcuthekiswa kothuka ngaphandle kwe-shtclothescence yodonga kunye nophahla lwekhonkrithi ezenziwe ngekhonkrithi, izitena ngaphakathi xa ulungiselela phantsi kokupeyinta kunye nokungena | Ubuncinci 3. | I-0.9-1 | I-15/30 | 139/237 |
| I-Stucco ePlass-Sand Stucco (ephumeleleyo) | Umxube osekwe kwi-CATEX M500, i-lime, ukukhanya kwe-filict, isanti eqingqiweyo kunye nezongezo ezonyusa amandla kunye nezenzo ezinamathela kwesisombululo | Yencwadana yemigaqo kunye noomatshini owongeziweyo ozongeziweyo | Ubuncinci 5. | 1.2-135 | 25/50 | 137/262. |
| "I-T STROYMONKHM") | Umxube kwisiseko se-Plasters esineekhemithi ezikhethekileyo | Kumsebenzi wangaphakathi kulungelelwaniso lweendonga kunye nophahla kwikhonkrithi, ikhonkrithi, ikhonkrithi, izitena kumagumbi anenqanaba eliqhelekileyo lokufuma | Ubuncinci 3. | Nye | Amashumi amathathu | 200. |
| "I-Knaufband" ("Knauf") | Umxube osekwe kwisamente, isanti eqingqiweyo, ukukhanya kwesahlulo se-polystyrene granules, i-onsortives, kubandakanya i-hydrophobic | Kwimisebenzi yangaphandle neyangaphakathi, iindonga zokuhlambela kunye nophahla kumagumbi emanzi | I-3,4. | I-1,2 | 25. | 200. |
| "I-Knauf-Rotband" ("Knauf") | Umxube osekwe kwi-Plasters ngeewongezi eziPhucula | Ukususwa kwesandla kunye neendonga kunye nesiseko esomeleleyo esiqhelekileyo (ikhonkrithi, isitena, i-cester), kunye ne-polystyrene upers | Hayi ngaphantsi kwe-2.5 | I-0.85 | Amashumi amathathu | 320. |
| I-Cerestit St29 (i-henkel) | Umxube wesamente nge-minerals fillers kunye ne-polymer modifiers | Ukulungiswa kunye nolungelelwaniso lwesamente, isamente-isanti, ikhonkrithi kunye nezitena zokuhombisa ezindongeni kunye nophandle, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezakhiwo | Ubuncinci 5. | I-1,8. | 25. | 358. |
| I-Gipskz 650 (Kreisel) | Xube we-gypsum ye-gypsim, amasimbili emineral, i-lime eyomileyo, iguqula i-Advices | Ukwenziwa ngesandla sencwadana yeendonga ze-plate-faker kunye nomgangatho wezakhiwo ngaphakathi, kumagumbi anemithitho, engadlulanga ezingama-70% | 2.5 | Nye | Amashumi amathathu | 370. |
| "Indala" ("Iqela") | Plaster Plaster | Ukugcwalisa i-Rections kunye nokungahambelani komphezulu, ukungqinelana kweendonga kunye nophahla kumagumbi owomileyo | 4-5 | Nye | 25. | 270. |
| I-Webbel.STuk Is ("Saint-GoBen Webber rus") | Ukuqalisa umxube wesamente, isanti eqingqiweyo, i-Perlite, izimbiwa kunye ne-polymer | Ukulungelelaniswa kweendonga zangaphakathi nangaphandle, ulwahlulelo kunye nokugqobhoza kwikhonkrithi, okuqinileyo kwikhonkrithi, izitena, i-foam kunye neebhloko eziphelelayo | Ubuncinci 5. | 1,1 | Amashumi amabini | 363. |
Abahleli bebulela inkampani "," uDipris "," I-Knauf "," Iqela leMaint-Goben Wauthechnik "," uHenkel Bautchnik "ukuze alungiselele izinto.