Itekhnoloji yokwakha yendlu "ye-fabungo" kunye nezinto zayo - i-Erker, i-Attic, igalari, iBalcony. Iimpawu zokuhonjiswa kwefestile, iveranda, iingcango, eluphahleni.
Umthamo wokwakha izindlu zokungena uyakhula unyaka nonyaka. Kodwa uya kujonga omnye - kwaye umphefumlo awonwabanga: Ke wafa kwaye engazange athandane ... kwaye uyaqonda ukuba: Zithini izizathu zoku kwaye yintoni "indlu" entle "evela kwisiqhelo? Impendulo esiya kuzama ukunika kwinqaku elicetywayo.
Ngubani oza kutsala i-teremok?
Ookhokho bethu babemthanda kwaye bayazi ukwakha enkuni. Yayingowahlukileyo: Zonke: Iicawa kunye nee-Hututs, iibhafu kunye ne-Wells, i-Wells, i-Hossi, iGogi "ye-Etymomar yeNdawo yaseRussia -" Ilali "- ibuyela kwigama elithi" umthi ". Emva kokuba izithethe zakudala zokwakha amaplanga eRussia zalahleka kakhulu, ngoku zizalwa ngokutsha (nangona zinobunzima obukhulu).
Akunakwenzeka ukuba udlule kwinto yokuba ngoku iinkosi azisetyenziswa nje ngokwakhiwa kwezindlu zendlela zobugcisa zamandulo, kodwa zikwazama ngokudibeneyo ngetekhnoloji ye-intervies. Injani enye into? Nokuba yintoni abathandi bamandulo abaza kuba ngumnini wexesha elizayo, ufuna ukuhlala kule mihla, kwintuthuzelo. Kuya kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kweli nqaku siza kuthobela le ngxaki. Ugxininiso luya kuhlawulelwa kwi-Ofisi yoyilo olulityelweyo kunye neendlela zokwakha, ukunika, ngokoluvo lwethu, indlu ethile emangalisayo ethatyathwa.
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1. I-facade, eye yahluke kakhulu kwisiko, inokuthi ihonjiswe ngemiqobo, kufuneka ufumane nje iifom ezingaqhelekanga. 2, 3. Ibakwelelwa kwindlela yobhedu ephethwe, ngonyaka okanye emibini ijongeka ngathi yindlela yakudala. | |||
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4, 6, 7. Ke i-Helm ", iququzelele ukujikeleza kwesango, yafika eyadini ixesha elide kakhulu, kodwa ijongeka ilungile kwaye ngoku. 5. Uya kujonga indlu enjalo - kwaye ungafuni kuncuma. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ijonge kuwe kwaye iyancuma. 8. Ewe, kanjani ukuba ungahlali njani kule bench? | |||
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9, 10. Ukulwa umswakama komhlaba kwakudala, amatye atyekileyo afakwa kwisithsaba, kwaye phakathi kwabo kwaye ilogo lagcinwa yi-suculator. Akukho nto ethintela lo msebenzi kwaye ngoku. Qhubeka nokujonga iifoto-phantsi kwe-Bouls "Hid" i-tepe yekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi ye-monolithic yekhonkrithi. 11. Udonga lweelogo zedayimitha ezahlukileyo zinee-aesthetics ezikhethekileyo. 12. UKHUSELEKO LOKHUSELEKO - ukuqhubeka nodonga. | |||
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13. Ukuqina kweNdlu, iilogo zadutyulwa zigudiwe kwaye zingenasiphene. I-vibenes ejijekileyo (switches) eneflew engaqwalaselwanga | |||
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17, 18. Iifilimu ezichaseneyo nezikhanyayo ziqinile ziqinile ngelogo nganye okanye ezingaphezulu: Iinkosana, ezinye, kunye ne-auxiling 19, 20. Iziphelo zemicimbi beziqhotyoshelwe kubume be-hexagon okanye ngesantya, kodwa ukususwa komlinganiso wangaphandle ekhawulezisa ukuqhekeka kwelog. |
Ukucinga ngokusetyenziswa kwayo nayiphi na "iresiphi" oyithandayo, kudala ngaphambi kokuqala kokwakha - kwangaphambi kokuba uqale uyilo. Iinkqubo zekhompyuter azivumelanga nje ukufaka ulwazi olucacileyo lwendawo (kuyafuneka ukuze ucinge kwaye isebenzele izezona zendlela yakho), kodwa iphinde yenzeke kwixesha elizayo Ubungakanani-uxhokolo). Konke oku kuya kunceda ukuqikelele ukwamkelwa kokwamkelwa okuthile kule projekthi kwaye ngokwakho. Ukuvavanywa kwe-fage egqityiweyo kuya kufika emva kwexesha.
I-craff yekhreyithi
Iilog zekhabhathi yelog zikhethwe sisiqwenga. I-Cour kumphezulu wayo isuswe sisixhobo esifana nefosholo enesiphelo esibukhali, kwaye emva koko ivelise i-screwdriver kunye ne-rig rig. Ngale ndlela "ye-ham", umaleko ophezulu wokukhusela kweenkuni ugcinwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, osebenza njengesiqinisekiso sokuqina kwesakhiwo.
Iiprofayili ze-anglamar i-anglamar kunye neemvavanyo ezithe tyaba ezenziwe kwisithsaba ngasinye zimiselwe ngesandla. Inyani yile yokuba i-log nganye ine-"ne "iprofayili" yomntu ngamnye, ke ngoko iyasilela ukwenza ngokwamatshini inkqubo.
Isidima esingathandabuzekiyo sokungena kwincwadana enemifanekiso ethi Ngaba ivumela kuphela ukuba usebenzise iilogo ezinamacandelo amakhulu kunye ne-taper enzima (i-taper eqathayo ( . Kungenxa yoko le nto ivenkile yelog ifumana imbonakalo eyahlukileyo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kunokwenzeka ukuba isebenzise ngokufanelekileyo iipropathi eziphezulu zenkuni.
Ngokwesiko lamafutha amaqango, iintloko zifumana ukusuka kwiilogo ezifanayo kwaye ngeteknoloji enye njengendlu yelogi. Ngapha koko, kukuqhubeka kodonga, kuphinda ifuneke kuphela uluhlu lweentonga zophahla. Babizwa ngokuba yiMeles okanye ngamadoda amaninzi (uninzi lwemvelaphi yeli gama licacisiwe yinto yokuba ifronotone imele ngokwayo, ayixhaswanga emacaleni).
Woblo okanye kwi-paw?
Zimbini iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokudibanisa iikona zekhabhathi yeLog: kunye nentsalela ("emphethweni") kwaye ngaphandle kwentsalela ("kwi-PAW"). Ukuba ufuna ukwakha "Intsomi", kuya kufuneka unike ukhetho olukhethekileyo, kuba kule meko uya kuba nethuba lokuyalela amagcisa, kwaye ke unike i-flavori eyodwa. Ingenziwa njani, thina, mhlawumbi, asizukuchaza ngokweenkcukacha-jonga nje ifoto ukuze yonke into icacile.Ukusikwa kunye nentsalela kubonisa ukuba uqhagamshelo lweziphelo zelogo, inoncedo olubizwa ngokuba zii-Wall zeDollines: "Kwisitya", "kwi-hip", "Kwisipholo" (elinye lala magama lifanelekile!). Koluhlu oluluhlu oluhlala lusebenzisa i-computer "kwisitya": kwilog esezantsi, ukunqunyulwa okukhulu kuncitshiswa, i-chals yayo iphinda-phinda imilo yelog esuka apha ngasentla. Le yeyona ndlela ilula. Inguqulelo efanayo yenziwa kwisitya senqaba - ishelufu ekhethekileyo egqithisela umsantsa, ukuthintela ukuvuza kobushushu. Iindidi ezisele zekhontrakthi zithathwa njengezithambile kakhulu, ngenxa yoko ii-masters zanamhlanje zizisebenzisa ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
Ngendlela, kwisiko lakudala kwelinye okanye kwiikomityi ezimbalwa, kuya kufuneka ushiye iikomishini zesilivere-ke ubutyebi buya kuza endlwini.
Ukukhanya "
Kumeli-siphelo of Erker (Erker - "I-Lenner"), kulisiko elibizwa ngokuba yi-semicirsur, i-triangrur okanye i-protrusion evuthiweyo okanye i-protsulion ebotshwe kakhulu eludongeni lwesakhiwo. Ihlala igubungela imigangatho eliqela (ngamanye amaxesha yakhiwe ekupheleni kwayo yonke ifayide), yandisa indawo yendawo, kunye nokuphucula ukukhanya kwabo.
Kukholelwa ukuba kwilitye loyiphuli-ngxilongo siboleke kubaphambukeli. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abathe bathandana nabo baqala ukuyisebenzisa kuyilo lwezindlu zelogo. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, i-Erker ayikho enye imigqomo engaphezulu kwesiqingatha okanye isibhozo secawe yecawa yamaplanga amaninzi. I-Aiyh eRussia yakha ingcinga yenkulungwane.
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"Indawo yaseNyakatho" | 
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22, 23, 25-27. Ukuba umgca wokukhutshwa kokusela wenze i-wavy encinci, kubonakala ngathi ityhilwa ngesandla somculi 24. Iinguqulelo ezintle zaza zatsalela umnxeba kwiilog ezigqithisileyo ziyakwazi ukuhombisa imeko. | |||
"Indawo yaseNyakatho" | 
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28, 30. Imiqobo ye-Erker yale mihla kunye neDrum yeCawa yeWapden ngokucacileyo. | |||
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29, 31. Ukukhetha ukuthwaza imiba yelog kwi-the moya 21, 32. Oomeleza izingodo zelogo phantsi kwetayile yophahla luhlala luhonjiswe ngemifanekiso. Kwangelo xesha, ukwakheka kobugcisa kuhlala kudityaniswa izithsaba ezimbini ezisezantsi ngaxeshanye. I-LOG ENTER, ephethe umthwalo ophambili, ihlala iqinile. | |||
| Ifoto 33. | 
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33. Abantu bethu bexesha lethu alihonjiswa ngemisonto. Ngaphandle kokuba iziphelo zeelogo zikhutshiwe ngenyathelo elijikayo. Mhlawumbi kwaye eyona ilungileyo iya kuphila ixesha elide 34, 35, 36. Iinguqulelo zenkxaso yesofa hayi kuphela eluphahleni, kodwa neebhalconnies. Apha ndingcungcutheka ndinokucwangciswa kwimiqolo emibini okanye emithathu yeelogos, kwaye phantse lonke udonga | |||
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"Vladimirstroys" |
37, 38. Isakhelo semilongo sinokusetyenziswa ngexesha lolwakhiwo kungekuphela nje i-attic, kodwa neveranda, i-veranda, i-thredis yayo .D. Ngokubethwa kwabo, ababuyiseleli-shoriyeli bensimbi bayasetyenziswa. 39. Izakhiwo ze-Gulbii yoyilo yayiyi-1 ukuya kwi-15m ngenqwelomoya ye-foude yeziphelo zezaqamli zephangi. |
Ewe kunjalo, unxibelelwano lweelog "kwisitya" kwi-engile, eyahlukileyo ukusuka kwi-90, ithathwa njengembono enzima yokusikwa. Oku kungenxa yomibini imilo engekho mgangathweni yesitya esikhethwe kwilog, kwaye ivolumu enkulu enkulu. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, i-Erker kwizindlu ezikhethiweyo zale mihla iqhelekile ngokwaneleyo. Kukho izakhiwo hayi ngakunye, kodwa kunye nababini nabathathu.
Ngcono kuneSwitzerland
Ibinzana elithi "sang" kwi-Russia le-Russia ibonisa ukwandiswa kwendawo ephezulu yejikajika ngokuthe ngcembe ngokuthe ngcembe, ukwenziwa kwe-InMbact nakwiSwersis Isiphumo luphahla lophahla olunokwanda kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba kungcono ukukhusela iindonga zeendonga kwimvula. Le yikhaya, icala elisebenzayo lombuzo. Ke yena ubudoda, imbonakalo, oko kukuthi, kunjalo nje ukwamkelwa ngokuchanekileyo kwi-GOBE yokuqala kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ungenise ubuso beNdlu.Enye i-classic
Izindlu ezinenkqubo yeRafter ehambelanayo (ingaba bantu bathanda abaphuhlisi bale mihla), apho iindonga, iindonga, kunye nezihluzo zangaphakathi zomgangatho we-Attic ziwenziwe ngamango ezilongo, zenza ingozi ngokwazo. Ukuba amadlelane opelo, esekwe kwisiphelo esinye kwi-log yelogo, kwaye owesibini - kwilogo yenkosazana, uya kudityaniswa nokunye, ukuba i-ticlon yelog yelog I-frontoths), rafter "iinyawo" ziya kubekwa ngaphambili kwicala lesitrato kwaye zakhupha iindonga ezingaphandle. Ngenxa yoko, umgangatho we-attic uya kuqala ukuwa.
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40-42. Ngexesha leGulbishch, i-balcony ye-Indone okanye i-veranda evulekileyo yaguquka yaba yindlu yokuhamba. Kulungile-ewe, sele kusekwe kwimicimbi ye-logs, kodwa ngamandla, njengaphantsi kwendlu yonke, isiseko. 43-45. Iminyaka engama-300 eyadlulayo, kwaye ngoku iBalcony ngamanye amaxesha ibekwe phantsi kwecawe. | |||
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46, 47. Iinketho zanamhlanje zeZindlu zekhaya | |||
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49, 50, 52. Iicocory ezihonjiswe ngenkukhu eqingqiweyo kunye neentloko zamahashe. Phakathi kwe-cocker kunye namanzi, ukubekwa amanzi. | |||
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51, 53. Kumphezulu weebhodi zophahla ezimbini ze-gutter. I-54, 55. Ukukhetha халупни 56, 57. iintlobo ezindala neziya zanamhlanje zeBhodi yomoya. | |||
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58. Indlu yale mihla enophahla lwetywina, phantsi kwayo (kwi-inshurensi) ifihliwe ngumatshini omtsha. 59. Mhlawumbi ayingabo bonke abantwana banamhlanje bafundwe malunga nexesha lexesha kunye neqela lakhe, kodwa kubonakala ngathi, indlu sisithuba somyalelo, esiya kuba namakhwenkwe namantombazana. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, wonke umntwana, nokuba uhlala kwiminyaka emidlalo yekhompyuter, emphefumlweni wothando 60. "Umsi" yiBhodi ye-Hoble yolwakhiwo, engumsi wokutsala ovela kwi-lipped. Ukuthetha nje, fan wophahla |
Uyilo lwesakhelo se-AutO Manserard Le ngxaki ayisoyiki-umthi we-cheinkinal shrinkani ayinikezi. Kodwa kuthekani ngentsomi elindelweyo? Iingcali zeNkampani "uyilo loyilo" olunikezelwa ukwenza isakhelo ... kwiilogo. Emva kokuba izithuba eziphakathi kweeracks zithungqwa ngeeplanga, ii-silhouette zezinto ezinamandla ziyathetha kwindiza ephindiweyo. Isiphumo sokwenza "ubumnandi" boyilo alubandezeleki.
Hamba ujikeleze i-perimeter
Igalari, indlu yokuhamba kwinqanaba lomgangatho wokuqala (ngamanye amaxesha), wabizwa kwiHullbish yakudala. Yayibekwe ecaleni kobuso, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ifake ngokupheleleyo indlu.Umgangatho wale galari yayiyiplanga, ucingo olusecaleni lwalunikezelwe ngokucutha, luxhomekeke kwibhanti okanye ibhali. Ngaphezu kwe-Gulbert, ihlala yaneliswa yi-canopy. Ukuba ibikwinqanaba lomgangatho wesibini, i-canopy ihlala isebenza i-slongn senk yentonga yophahla, eyayixhaswa yikholamu "eqingqiweyo". Ukongeza kweyona njongo iphambili (yokuhamba), i-gulbi yayiyinto eyongezelelweyo - ilungele ukuvala izitshixo kwifestile. I-gelbifishche yaguqulwa yaba yi-balcony kunye ne-veranda evulekileyo, ibopha indlu ijikeleze i-perimeter.
Kukho apho ukuphefumla khona
Igama elithi "i-Balcony" kwiilwimi zaseFrance neze-Italiya zibuyela kwi-balco yakudala yeBalco ("Logi"). Ngoku ibizwa ngokuba yiqonga kunye nocingo lomgangatho ophezulu wesakhiwo. Asitsho ukuba izinto ezinjalo eRussia zazibizwa ngokuba zii-balconies ezichanekileyo, kodwa zaziwa kookhokho bethu. Mayibe incinci kakhulu kwaye iphantsi kophahla ngokwalo - akunandaba. I-Balcony kunye neGalbish Galish ingqina malunga nokukhulula abanini beNdlu. Ukukhankanywa koku kufunyanwa kwimisebenzi esisiseko ye-ethodegraphe, i-connoissers yenkcubeko yaseSlavic. I-Aweith amandulo iibhalconies ngamehlo abo kumyuziyam wemyuziyam ye-Korel encinci.
I-balcony ngokungathandabuzekiyo ihombisa imbonakalo yendawo yanamhlanje yeNdlu, ihlala iphambili, eswele iJometri engqongqo ecaweni. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iifom kunye nemilinganiselo yezinto ze-balcony zidibene noyilo lwendlu yonke, kungenjalo ziya kuba ngaphezulu.
Uphahla lokuhombisa
I-cocker squiling ibeka i-chute enamaplanga. Ukuthintela uphahla lubekwa ukuze baphumle kwi-chute kwelinye icala, kwaye enye yalala kwilog yenkosazana, qinisa i-farks. I-Slot kwindibano ye-cunch ye-thute yebhodi igqunywe yi-chute-aлююю, eyenziwe ngomthi onamandla, ngenxa yoko ihashe "ihashe"). Icala lecala le-cocker ukusuka ngaphambili kwe-fronton ikhusela ibhodi yomoya - ukuzala. Kwindibano yeqhekeza ezimbini, ibhodi ethe nkqo ihamba ze-itawuli. Iibhodi zomoya kwiintsuku zakudala zenziwe amandla amaninzi kwaye kunye netawuli, zazihonjiswe kakhulu ngemiqobo emnyama.
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I-61. Intsimbi "i-Stoll Storky" kwi-chimney 62. I-porch enenkxaso yekholamu enye okanye ezimbini (enye okanye ezimbini). Inani leendiza ezikhokelela kuwo zivela kwilinye ukuya kwisithathu, kwaye babagxeka bobabini ecaleni. Ngoku i-pole ye-pole ayifumaneki I-63-65. Iveranda engenasifo esisindayo unanamhla. I-Wizard ezisixhenxe ziza neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha uyilo lwayo. | |||
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66, 67, 69. Ukutya kwenkuni bekusoloko kuyinto enesikhansile yomthi. Wayehonjiswe kwaye ehonjiswe ngophahla lwamagumbi, iitawuli, iifestile kunye neengcango, izihlalo ze-porch, kunye nophahla, amasango kunye nocingo. 68. Unokwenza ukuba kuvulwe umnyango wokungena kungekuphela kwezinto eziqingqiweyo. Phambi kwakho, i-appliqué yenziwe ngeziqwenga zamaqhekeza eenqanawa ezahlukeneyo zedayimitha. | |||
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71, 74. Amasango angena ngaphakathi kwi-palfold (umzekelo, ukusuka kwi-bibhaus) kunye nengoma ekhokelela kubo kwindlu, apho kuqalwa khona italethi. Nokuba iqula lenziwe kwindawo yakho kunye nomgca wokuhambisa amanzi ziya kuluwa endlwini, i "moya" ye-raravel ayizukubakho. | |||
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73. IGazevo, ichithelwe phantsi kwendlu kaBaba YAGI, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kunandipha bobabini abantu abadala kunye nabantwana. 78. Umjikelo omkhulu ophawulekileyo awuyondlela isebenzayo yokugcina iinkuni zeenkuni (ngale ndlela yokubeka, ifana ne-hay kwi-stack, kodwa ikwanombala odalweni weyelenqe. |
Ewe, abo bakreyiphu "zemveli" bange banambi, banokusebenzisa uyilo lweSolideys Scolry kwi-harry enesibini eluphahleni lwanamhlanje, umzekelo, nge-tegola (i-Itali).
Ikhadi leshishini
Indlu ejikelezileyo
Ukuba sakha kwi-teremok enye kuphela, nokuba yeyona mbonakalo ibalaseleyo, ke, inokwenzeka, iya kujongeka yinto engaqhelekanga, iphantse ibe ngumzimba welinye ilizwe. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko "ukuba" ubuye "isakhiwo esakhiweyo ubuncinci. I-Azhache ilunge ngakumbi - iqela, echaza isitayile sokuqala kunye nezixhobo. Ngamanye amagama, kufuneka wenze ubunzima bezakhiwo.
Ayisiyonto yokuhlamba kuphela esele inyanzelekile kuyo nayiphi na indlu yelizwe. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukucinga ngenyameko kubandakanya yonke into-ukusuka kucingo ngesango lokungena kunye nendlela yokufikelela ukuya kwi-lawn ye-lawn (ibhloko) yocingo lwevenkile efihliweyo. Ayikufanelanga ukuba ulibale malunga ne-booth yenja. Emva koko - kwaye kuphela emva koko - i-fale yenyani yokwenyani iya kuhlala kwindawo.
Abahleli bebulela inkampani "Ubukumkani beBerendevo", "Vladimirstroyees", "Indlu yeRubble", "uyilo loMntlanga" woncedo ekulungiseleleni loo nto.