Igumbi lokulala ezimbini kunye nendawo engama-60 m2 kwindlu yolwakhiwo lwama-30s. I-XX yenkulungwane ye-XX: Ingxaki yeengcango eziphantsi ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yeendonga eziphakamileyo zaconjululwa ngokuvulwa.
Batsho ukuba babeqhele ukwakha ngenkulungwane. I-ITO ilungile. Nangona kunjalo, itekhnoloji ingene phambili, ngokwahlukeneyo, ezinye izigqibo zexesha elidlulileyo ziphelelwe lixesha. Indlela yokuphila efanayo kunye neembono malunga nendawo yokuhlala ekhululekileyo kumntu wanamhlanje zahluke ngokupheleleyo kunezizukulwana zakudala. Ke ngoko, abo bafumana indlu yesiseko esandul 'iSiseko seNdawo yakudala kufuneka bakhunjulwe ukuba ngaphandle kokutshata, kunokwenzeka ukuba bangakwenzi, kwaye ukulungiswa kuyakufuneka iindleko zayo kwaye ziya kufuna iindleko ezongezelelweyo kwaye ziya kufuna iindleko ezongezelelweyo kwaye ziya kufuna iindleko ezongezelelweyo kwaye ziya kufuna iindleko ezongezelelweyo kwaye ziya kufuna iindleko ezongezelelweyo kwaye ziya kufuna iindleko ezongezelelweyo kwaye ziya kufuna iindleko ezongezelelweyo kwaye ziya kufuna iindleko ezongezelelweyo kwaye ziya kufuna iindleko ezongeziweyo.
Xa i-Igor ithenge indlu kwisakhiwo esakhiwe kwixesha laseSoviet, kwi-30-kgg. I-XXV. Ucinga ukuba kuya kujamelana nenani lezinto eziphazamisayo ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwexesha. Kodwa indlu ekwindawo ethe cwaka yaseMoscow, egcina iinkumbulo zomqeshi wangaphambili, intabalala yeyadi yaphefumlela ukuba i-minus ayizange ibala.
Iminyaka engama-80 kamva
Kwigumbi, kangangeminyaka emininzi akhonza ngumanyano, zonke izakhiwo zazininzi. Ngexesha elininzi, ulwakhiwo olubonakala lubonakala lungafanelekanga, ngakumbi ukuba ucinga ukuba umniniyo ubandakanya ukuhlala wedwa. Ke ngoko, phambi komyili we-Irina Kachmazova, umsebenzi wehle: ukusuka kwi "Iseti" yamagumbi amancinci ukwenza izindlu ezikhuselekileyo, zanamhlanje nezingaqhelekanga.Kodwa ukubuyisela indawo elawulwa kuphela kwinxalenye nganye, ngenxa yokuba iindonga phakathi kwamagumbi amabini aphilayo, kunye negumbi kunye nekhitshi zingabathwali. Kuyafana nawo ulungiselelo lommiselo eludongeni phakathi kwekhitshi elincinci (i-8m2) negumbi lokuhlala kwakufuneka lenze oko kwaye liphucule ngoncedo lwezakhiwo zentsimbi. Iikholamu ezimbini zothutho kunye nobungqingqwa obungaphezulu kwe-0.5m zahlulahlulwa kwi-holo yendlela esuka apho kunokwenzeka ukuba ungene egumbini, igumbi lokuhlambela elahlelayo kunye nekhitshi elahlukileyo. Ukulungiselela ukungayisebenzisi indawo kwimimandla edlulayo kwaye ixhobise igumbi lokuhlambela, njengoko umniniyo efunekile, kufakwe umnyango phakathi kweekholamu, kwaye ikhiloti ekhitshini labekwa. Yiya ngoku kwathi cwaka kuphela kwigumbi lokuhlala. Kodwa ngale ndlela, bekunokwenzeka ukuba baphathe indawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwigumbi lokuhlambela elidityanisiweyo (phantse i-7m2) kwaye bafake isantya esiyi-1,91,2m) (iHoesch, eJamani). Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kunye nomgudu wamanzi bebefihlwe emva koyilo lwe-plasterboard. Inxalenye engezantsi ebanzi ibeka inkqubo yokufaka yendlu yangasese enqunyanyisiweyo, eyenze i-niche enezinto zangasese.
Ukuvulwa ngasekunene, kukhokelela kwigumbi lokuhlambela emva kwegumbi lokuhlala, lishiywe kwindawo enye. Sibeka iwadi kwaye safaka i-silator yezemidlalo. Phantsi kwigumbi lokulala, olona gumbi lubanzi lwasiwa ngasekunene lomnyango wegumbi.
Uyilo lomgangatho wakudala
Uphawu lwe-wine-winer kunye nomgangatho. Ngaphakathi kubo ukugqithisa amajelo omoya. Uyilo olunjalo luye lwaqwalaselwa. Idangatye le-alvrrice liza kusasazeka ngokukhawuleza, kuba i-ventilation ihamba ihambisa ingqesho, kwaye umthi uvutha ngokugqibeleleyo. Xa kwasuswa i-quarquet endala, yavela ukuba izakhiwo zeplanga zigcinwe kakuhle. I-Avat isiseko se-Parquet kumgangatho ovela kwiibhodi, ukuxhasa ukusuka kwinkunkuma ye-Slag kunye netyala lokwakha phakathi kweelegs kufuneka zisuswe. Iilegs zazikwimeko eyonelisayo, kuba umthi ophantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza unokusebenza iminyaka engama-200 nangaphezulu. Babeka kuphela kwinqanaba kwaye bakhuselwe zii-dowels dobels phantsi kompu, kwaye apho kwakufuneka khona, zikhutshiwe. Isithuba phakathi kweelegle sigutyungelwe ngodongwe. Phantsi, phantsi kwee-lags, iibhedi zepolithylene, kunye nokuvela ngasentla kwenza uVaporizoration. Kwakukho iingqekembe ezimbini zePlywood njengesiseko, kucetywa iingqekembe ezimbini zePlywood zokubeka iindlela kunye neholo. Ukwenzela ukunika isiseko esongezelelekileyo esingqongqo, amashiti aqala ukulala ngendlela yokuba ii-seams zezinto eziphezulu nezisezantsi azingqinelani. Ngokwesinye semvulo kwigumbi lokuhlambela kunye nekhitshi, kwabakho isiseko seethayile ze-ceramic, kodwa hayi kwi-plywood, kodwa kwi-fible ye-fiber (GVLV).
Ukuphakama kufuna amaxhoba
Isilingi esiphezulu-isidima sezindlu ezindala- ibonakala ingafanelekanga kumagumbi amancinci. Ke, igumbi lokuhlambela elinobungakanani be-3.12,2m ngobude obuyi-3,2m bakhumbuza iqula. Ke ngoko, inqanaba le-phariling lithotyelwe apha usebenzisa uyilo lwenqanaba elibini le-plasterboard kwifreyimu yesinyithi. Inqanaba eliphantsi lophahla libonisa uluhlu olubanzi kwi-perameter yegumbi. Kwabekwa ngaphandle kokukhanya okuhambahamba kwizibane ze-fluorescent. Kukho ibhokisi yokufihlakeleyo ecaleni kophahla lwecala, oluphosa imbono ye-cube "engalunganga", kwaye ukuphakama kuhlala kunjalo. Ibhotty kunye neholo, imithamo ibetha ngeendawo ezivela ePolyurethane, ezilula kakhulu ezizisebenzisayo; Bayabagcoba "kwi-windows engamanzi" okanye enye into ye-glue. I-Ixorraudi ifakwe kwi-perimeter yegumbi kumgama ongu-0.2 m ukusuka kwisilingi. Emva kwabo wawufihla i-cornice i-overlight. Isilingi senziwe i-plasterboard kwikhabongo yesinyithi.
Umoya ovela empuma
Kodwa ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yeendonga eziphakamileyo, iingcango ezisemganga zazisabonakala ziphantsi kakhulu. Imeko yalungiswa ngokwenza indawo evulekileyo. I-Aisle yangaphakathi evela kwigumbi lokuhlala kwikhitshi ephuculweyo yafakwa phantsi kwesona phali kwaye ibeka i-arcued ngaphezulu kwesitena. Ukwahlula okungapheliyo, ukwahlula igumbi lokuhlala kunye negumbi lokulala elivela kwiholo, lalinesakhiwo, lacocwa iiplanga kunye ne-duncut enomaleko omdaka we-lime. Kwiminyaka emide, i-Plavary yangadilizwanga ekuthinteleni iminyango, ikhupha izikhonkwane kunye nezinye izinto eziguqukayo, kwaye zaphucuka, kwaye iindawo zahlala phantsi. Shiya izihluziso ezinjalo azange zenzeke. Bathathelwa indawo yi-plasterbo yeendonga kwisakhelo sensimbi, ekungekho nzima ukumisela ukuvulwa okuvulekileyo. Iibhloko zephazili kunye nebhloko ezilula kule meko bezingafuneki ngenxa yomthwalo obalulekileyo, onokuba uza kufika kumgangatho wamaplanga.
Ukuphaphaka okuphezulu kunye nokuvulwa okuthengisiweyo kuyafuneka ukuxhasa kuyilo lweendonga. Babehlulelwe nguDecoutity Plaravaggio (i-SPUP, i-Itali), edibanisa iipropathi ze-venetian kunye nobume kunye nokuthamba kunye nokuthamba kwe-velor.
Amanyathelo aphambili ofakelo lomoya
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Iyunithi yangaphakathi ye-air conditioner ilungisiwe eludongeni usebenzisa ipleyiti yokunyuka, indawo ethe tyaba eboniswe kwinqanaba. Okulandelayo kwi-Plate i-Plate ihamba ngomngxunya, uqokelela uthuli kunye nesicoci se-vacuum. Ukusuka kwicala lefayili, intaba yentaba ibeka isixhobo esisesikweni, ibhlokhi yangaphandle, ibonisa imibhobho yobhedu, iqukuhla ukuba wodwa (b). Ibhloko yangaphakathi iqhagamshelwe ngaphandle ngemibhobho kunye ne-wiring yombane (b). Ekuqaleni, i-air condioner sele i-odolo freon. Kwinqanaba lokufakelwa konxibelelwano lwebhlokhi, iiplagi ziyasuswa kwaye imibhobho ixhunyiwe (g). Ukuqhekezwa kweeflethi kuvelisa iiflostics zokuchaneka konxibelelwano (d).
Ukwenza olo hlobo lokugqiba lunobunzima kakhulu. Okokuqala balungiselele isiseko sokudibana: Inye yomaleko wolungiso kunye neendawo ezimbini zokuthathwa kwesiseko ezikhethekileyo ziyasetyenziswa. Emva koko umaleko wokuqala wezinto ezibonakalayo ugqithiselwe (nge-spatula yentsimbi engenasitayile okanye i-veriel ye-ver). Emva komile, emva kweeyure ezingama-24, babeka inyikima yesibini, ukuze iindawo ezingafakwanga kuzo iza kuhlala phakathi kwabo. Phambi kokuba umbambo womile, kufanele ukuba ihlanjululwe ngokucokisekileyo ukufumana iziphumo ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya.
Ixabiso lomsebenzi wokulungiselela kunye nomsebenzi wokufaka
| Uhlobo lomsebenzi | Ubume bomsebenzi | Ixabiso, ihliki. | Ixabiso, ihlathi. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukuchitha kunye nomsebenzi wokulungiselela | - | - | I-62 700. |
| Isixhobo se-Plasterboard Izahlulo | 27M2 | - | I-13 500. |
| Ukufakwa kwezakhiwo zePlastars | - | - | I-39 400. |
| Sebenzisa isixhobo (ngentsimbi) | - | - | I-16 400. |
| Ukulayisha kunye nokususwa kwenkunkuma yokwakha | Iikhonteyina ezi-4 | - | I-17 200. |
| Iyonke | I-149200. |
Ixabiso lezixhobo zomsebenzi wofakelo
| Igama | inombolo | ixabiso, i-Huby. | Ixabiso, ihlathi. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Irenti yensimbi, enokusetyenziswa | seta | - | I-6400. |
| Iphepha lePlasterrs, iProfayile, isikhafu, iRibbon ye-ribbon, iplate yokufakelwa kwesandi | seta | - | I-19 200. |
| Ingxowa yePolypropylene yenkunkuma yokwakha | Ii-PC ezingama-90. | 10 | I-900. |
| Iyonke | 26500. |
Ixabiso lomsebenzi kwisixhobo semigangatho
| Uhlobo lomsebenzi | Ubume bomsebenzi | Ixabiso, ihliki. | Ixabiso, ihlathi. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lungisa i-lag. | seta | - | I-13 500. |
| I-HYDRO kunye ne-vaporization isixhobo | I-60m2. | Amashumi amahlanu | I-3000. |
| Ubushushu kunye nesixhobo sokufakelwa kwesandi | I-60m2. | I-80. | Ngama-4800. |
| Isixhobo esisesikolweni ukusuka ePlywood, GVLV | I-60m2. | I-190. | I-11 400. |
| Ufakelo lwengubo yangaphantsi | I-49m2. | I-350. | I-17 150. |
| Ivelisa isixhobo sokukhetha | I-11m2. | I-590. | I-6490. |
| Iyonke | I-56340. |
Ixabiso lezixhobo zesixhobo somhlanganga
| Igama | inombolo | ixabiso, i-Huby. | Ixabiso, ihlathi. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iifilimu ze-paro- kunye ne-hydraulic | I-120m2. | - | I-3600. |
| I-Ceramzit (ibhegi 32kg) | Ii-PC ezingama-80. | 75. | I-6000. |
| I-Plywood, GVV | I-120m2. | - | 28,000 |
| Ibhodi yeParquet | I-49m2. | 1600. | I-78 400. |
| I-Porcelain yamafutha, iglu ijijekile | - | - | I-12 400. |
| Iyonke | I-128400. |
Ixabiso lomsebenzi wokugqiba
| Uhlobo lomsebenzi | Ubume bomsebenzi | Ixabiso, ihliki. | Ixabiso, ihlathi. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukujonga indawo | I-190m2. | - | I-69 200. |
| Ukusetyenziswa kwe-hocotiment cofating | I-220m2. | - | I-110 800. |
| Udonga olujongela phantsi iithayile, mosaic | I-29m2. | - | I-23 400. |
| Ukufakwa kwamalungu ePolyurethane | 27 Pese M. | I-84. | 2270. |
| I-Carpentry, Umsebenzi we-carpentry | - | - | 29 800. |
| Iyonke | 235470. |
Ixabiso lezixhobo zokuveliswa kwemisebenzi yokugqiba
| Igama | inombolo | ixabiso, i-Huby. | Ixabiso, ihlathi. |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Plaster Gypsum, uMhlaba, iBeabclone | seta | - | I-16 800. |
| I-caravaggio yokuthambisa. | seta | - | I-68 800. |
| I-ceramic tile, mosaic | I-29m2. | - | I-39 400. |
| I-polyurethane ye-pharsurethane | 27 Pese M. | Amashumi amahlanu | 1350. |
| Glue teile, xubanisele ukuthula | I-235kg | - | I-4900. |
| Iyonke | 131250. |
Ixabiso lomsebenzi wococeko
| Uhlobo lomsebenzi | Ubume bomsebenzi | Ixabiso, ihliki. | Ixabiso, ihlathi. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukubeka Imibhobho yokuBonelela | I-39 pog. M. | I-180. | I-7020. |
| Ukulala kwemibhobho ye-logels | I-17 pog. M. | - | 2040. |
| Ukufakwa ngokuqokelelwa, isihluzo | seta | Ngama-2800. | 2900. |
| Ukufakwa kweSantechniborov | seta | - | I-13 300. |
| Iyonke | 25260. |
Ixabiso lezinto zokufaka izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zokufaka
| Igama | inombolo | ixabiso, i-Huby. | Ixabiso, ihlathi. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imibhobho yensimbi (iJamani) | I-39 pog. M. | - | 2750. |
| Imibhobho ye-PVC | I-17 pog. M. | - | 2400. |
| Abasasazi, iifilitha, i-Fills | seta | - | I-18 900. |
| Imibhobho | seta | - | I-153 200. |
| Iyonke | 177250. |
Abahleli bebulela inkampani "ye-Eurocliver" ukuze bancede kulungiselelo lwezinto.
Abahleli balumkisa ukuba ngokungqinelana nekhowudi yezindlu yeRoma i-Russian Federation, ukulungelelaniswa kwento eyenziwe ngokutsha kunye nokufumana ngokutsha kuyafuneka.
Uyilo: Irina Kachmazova
Jonga ngaphezulu