Isiseko sihlala sifunyanwa

Isixhobo somgangatho sokutsala: Izixhobo zeSiseko seSigqubuthelo somgangatho, imigaqo-nkqubo yemiqathango yokuxuba, itekhnoloji yokuzingca.

Umyili y.trubilin

Ifoto ngu-D.minkina

Inqanaba lamanzi lisekwe kumgaqo wokuxela iinqanawa

Inqanaba le-scred liqatshelwe kusetyenziswa iinguqulelo zokuzicinezela, okuphakanyisiweyo kubunzulu obufunayo

Ukwakha umgca othe tyaba kumacala ahlukeneyo okuzihlaziya, axhasa ukuphakama kwayo. Ukuchaneka komsebenzi kulawulwa linqanaba

Ukuqinisekisa amandla afunwayo yesamente kunye nomxube wesanti, ukuqiniswa kokuqiniswa kuyafuneka. Ukuze i-grid ingaphakathi komaleko, iziqwenga zeethayile ze-ceramic ziphantsi kwayo

Phezu kwegridi kwi-screy-teckep screw kunye nenkxaso emibini eqingqiweyo iprofayile ye-beacon kunye ne-10mm

Umxube we-Binder weziqinisekiso zefowuni kufuneka ifane nomxube wesikreqo

Umxube usasazwa ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu komphezulu, amajoyina kunye neendonga zihamba kwiiseli

Ukusebenza kwesisombululo malunga ne-2h. Ke ngoko, abanye abasebenzi bavelisa i-Damn, abanye bahambisa umxube, ohambelana nesithathu

Isixhobo seRechal solungelelwaniso. Ineendawo ezimbini eziguqulweyo zokumisela ubungqingqwa bokuqaqamba

Nditsho nokuzimisela

Ubunzima behlobo kufuneka buncedwe kancinci ukubamba indawo yomgangatho. Oku kwenziwe ngoncedo lwe-rakly (a) okanye umjikelezo. Ukubonisa iiblubhu ze-air kwi-suble, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungaphezulu kwe-rollele yenaliti (B)

Ngeendawo ezinkulu, kuya kufuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwale nkqubo, njengoko ubunzima bokugcina inkcubeko

Iipropathi azingaphezulu kwe-20.

Kwintshukumo kumphezulu ongaphantsi komhlaba wesini esincinci esincinci, ukuze ulungise iziphene ezincinci kwizihlangu, iilente ezinezipikili ziqhotyoshelwe

Ukuvula imiyalelo yokubeka naliphi na isigqubuthelo somgangatho, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kufunda ibinzana: Ungayifumana njani indawo ethe tyaba ethe tyaba ukuba umgangatho wokuqala ubude kude?

UPaul-Parquet, i-ceramic okanye omnye umntu uyilo lezinto eziphakathi. Enye yeendawo, njengommiselo, kukukhala. Isebenza ukulungelelanisa ii-Slabs ezingaphantsi komhlaba (ezakhiwo ze-Carriers) kwaye sisiseko sokubeka isigqubuthelo somgangatho wokugqiba.

Ukukhetha kunikwa kwikhonkrithi

Umzobo ocwangcise indawo yendawo yoyilo yesanti yesanti. Isikrelemnqa esizimeleyo kunye neenkxaso ezimbini zokwakha kumgca omnye kwaye ukuphakama kube kanye. Iprofayile yeKholamu ifakwe ngaphezulu. Ukunyanzeliswa kwe-mesh ibekwe ngaphakathi kobunzima besiseko sekhonkrithi kunokuba yinto yeemilimitha ezininzi. Kwisixhobo esincinci samanqatha, ukubizwa ngokuba yisondo kakhulu (2-30 mm), sebenzisa umxube owodwa wokuzibandakanya. Kodwa, njengommiselo, iiplate ze-curvature zokugqobhoza okanye imisebenzi yobunjineli, njengokubekwa konxibelelwano, zifuna ubukhulu obukhulu, oko kukuthi, izixhobo ezikhutshiwe. Ngokwesiqhelo, "ipayi" phantsi kwe-piston esemgangathweni, ebandakanya ungqimba olwenziweyo (lubandakanya ubungqingqwa obungaphezulu kwe-80mm), ukungcungcutheka kwamanzi kunye nokukhusela amanzi aphezulu kunye nokukhusela amanzi aphezulu. Kodwa ngokuziqhelanisa, i-inshusithisi ihlala ingayimfuneko ukwenza amalungiselelo, oko kuthetha ukuba ukungangqinelani akufunekanga, kwaye i-scred ibekwe ngqo kwii-onses ze-overf. Ubunzima bayo buqala ukusuka kwi-20mm (ngokwe-snip 2.03.13- 88).

Ngenxa yokubiyela (ukunxibelelana noqhagamshela kumphezulu), i-scred form i-enter enye kunye nezakhiwo ezixhasayo. I-monolible enqinileyo ayivali nje izitenxo, kodwa iphinde iqalise amathuba, ukuphelisa amathuba okusasazeka, ukusasazwa kwezinambuzane, amanzi, amanzi ayo ngokuthelekisa umgangatho ongenzi isiseko esomeleleyo.

Iitekhnoloji ezimbini ze "" "ezimanzi" zisetyenziselwa ukungena. Itekhnoloji yendabuko ithetha ukusetyenziswa kwesamente ngesanti kunye nokuqinisa i-mesh, ngokulinganayo isasaza i-voltage evela kwi-Stred, kwaye ukuqina okukhulu kwekhonkrithi. Itekhnoloji entsha ivele ngokuthatha umxube okhethekileyo wokwakha, ophuhliswe ngokuthe ngqo kwisixhobo esigudileyo somgangatho. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezikumxube onjalo kunye ne-homogeneity yosasazo yazo kwenza ukuba ufumane i-monolithic yomaleko ngepropathi ephuculweyo ephuculweyo, kunye namandla afunekayo kuyo yonke ivolumu yokufumana igridi.

Iingxaki zendalo iphela

Ukuze uxovule isisombululo seHomogeneous kumxube okhethekileyo wokwakha, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise umxube wezorhwebo. Ngokwe-tekhnoloji, ukuvuselela kuveliswa kabini nge-5minnency. Ngokwe-tekhnoloji yendabuko, isisombululo sokusebenza silungiselelwe umxube owomileyo wendalo iphela, umzekelo m-150, equlathe inxalenye yesamente kunye neenxalenye ezi-3 zesanti. Isimboli sesanti esifunyenwe kuyo siphawulwa linani leentsilelo. Isisombululo sokuqala, izisombululo zesamente zinepropathi eqingqiweyo yokuncipha kwivolumu, oko kukuthi, ukunika i-strinkige. Okwesibini, ngenxa yokungalingani kokusasazwa kwamasuntswana kunye nesanti kwivolumu, kunye nomahluko kubungakanani kunye neendlela zokudla okuziinkozo (ukungalingani kwe-fielters) kwinkqubo yoqulunlo Amandla e-Later kukho egxile kwi-voltage, ekhokelela ekubambeni kwayo. Ukuze i-stred ayisebenzi, kuyacetyiswa umphezulu wayo kwiintsuku ezininzi zokusongelwa ngamanzi, ngaloo ndlela uhlengahlengise ukufana nokususa uxinzelelo kwaye ususe uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Okwesithathu, amandla ewonke anomaleko eMonolithic ayanda ngobunzima bayo, kwaye ufumane isiseko esinokuthenjwa (ngaphantsi kwe-30mm) usebenzisa umxube wesamente ngesanti, akunakwenzeka. Umaleko onjalo unyanzelisa kwaye uphantsi kwempembelelo yemithwalo inokutshithwa kumgangatho wekhonkrithi.

Ngendlela yokuthinta, kuba ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo, kuba ukusasazwa kwamandla okusasazwa ngokuxhomekeka koku, ubuchwephesha bobungakanani be-subles kwithamo ezikhokelela enjalo. Ngesi sizathu, isiseko sesondo sokugqibela siveze ukhukuliseko. Apho kwenzekile ukuba ibe ngaphantsi, i-stred ibinamandla. Ukulayisha iindawo "ilitye" phantsi kwempembelelo yemithwalo etyumkileyo kwaye kwiminyaka edlulileyo ngohlobo lwamasuntswana amancinci adluliselwa kwamanye amacandelo. Phantsi komgangatho owenziwa i-pinks (i-recless). Ke ngoko, izinto ezincinci ezibekwe kwisiseko zinokushukunyiswa ziindawo, kwaye i-limoleum iya kufumana isiqabu kancinci.

Kuya kuthiwa ukuba amaqela okwakha anyanzelwa ukuba asebenze ngesamente kunye nesanti ekhoyo amaqhinga bawo ukuphucula iipropathi zomxube wokusebenza. Ke ngoko, isamente kongezwa kwisisombululo samandla amakhulu kwisisombululo, kweyona pustatity ilungileyo yePDA okanye i-syntititic onqiliweyo. Nangona kunjalo, la manyathelo awaqinisekisi iziphumo. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kunzima ukufikelela kwi-homogeneity elungileyo ekwenzeni isisombululo somsebenzi ngu-dosing kunye nokuxoxa, kunye namathuba okuphucula iipropathi kuya kwenzeka kuphela kwezinye iindawo.

Ubuchule obunqabileyo

Itekhnoloji yale mihla isekwe ekusetyenzisweni kwemixube ekhethekileyo eguqulweyo, yenzelwe ngokukodwa isixhobo esidumileyo. Eyona nto iphambili kumxube omtsha we-teknoloji kukhethwa amacandelo kunye ne-homogeneity yokusasaza kwawo kuyo yonke ivolumu, eqinisekisa iziseko ezichaziweyo kulo naliphi na icandelo lomaleko kulo naliphi na icandelo loluma. Ukongeza kwi-binder (i-qubland yesamente kunye nenxalenye ye-polymeric), iifilitha (isanti yamaqhezu ahlukeneyo) ekuqulunqweni kwezibalo ezizezo zombini izisombululo ezibalaseleyo nezisebenza ngokuthe ngqo kunye nezisombululo zomsebenzi. Amanye amacandelo aqhelekileyo aqhelene, isantya sokukhulisa, abanye benze lula idolo, owesithathu obonisa umoya, olwahlulo lwesine, isihlanu senza ixesha elomileyo, ulwelo 'lwesisombululo. Khumbula ukuba i-griding grid ayimfuneko kule meko. Ukongeza, inani lamanzi afunekayo ukulungiselela isisombululo kwingxowa yomxube, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kubonisiwe kwiphakheji.

Ngokwe-tekhnoloji entsha, iyunithi yokugcwalisa linyathelo lokugqitha kwesincoko esigqithayo. Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa inkcubeko ekhethekileyo

umxube wenza isisombululo sokuhamba ngamanzi, asasazwa kakuhle

I-tie ephezulu yenziwa ngokwamanqanaba amabini kuwo wonke umphezulu kumahluko omkhulu. Ngaphambi kwangaphambi kokuba zilungelelaniswe ngoncedo lomxube obizwa ngokuba yinqanaba. Umxube ubambe amanzi ngamanzi, usasazwe ngaphezulu komphezulu kwaye uhambelana nemithetho. Malunga nosuku, umaleko luqinisa kwaye uyophe. Isikhalo esinjalo asisafuneki kwiintsuku ezininzi zokwenza amanzi, ngokwakhe ukuzoma. Kweli nqanaba, izitenxo elikhulu kunye umahluko zicociwe. Umxube onjalo unexabiso eliphantsi kunokugqiba ngokwakho, ke ngoko uvumela ukuba ugcine imali. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokusebenza kunye nezakhono ezithile, akuyi kuba nakho ukufumana indawo efanelekileyo ethe tyaba.

Kwinqanaba lesibini, ukulungelelaniswa kokugqibela kwenziwa kusetyenziswa uhlobo olwahlukileyo lokuxuba, ngokwakho. Ikwanguwa ngamanzi, kwaye isisombululo esineziphumo, esikhunjuzwa ngemigca, siphalazwe phantsi, sinceda ulwelo ukuba sibambe umhlaba wokugonya kunye ne-rollele ekhutshiweyo. Umxube ophakanyisiweyo no-frozen uya kwenza umphezulu othe tyaba ngokuthe tye. Kuxhomekeke ekwenzeni inqanaba lokuqala kunye neziphumo zolungelelwaniso lwe-Coarse, iindidi ezimbini zomxube "Gqibezela" unokusetyenziswa: ungqimba ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-5 ukuya kwi-5-7 mm) okanye i-5 ukuya kwi-5-7 mm ).

Ukuchaneka ngokwemithetho ye-physics

Ukuze ube lula, yonke imilinganiselo iveliswa emgceni (ebizwa ngokuba yindawo ethe tyaba), ethanga malunga nenqanaba leliso. Ibekwe kusetyenziswa inqanaba lamanzi. Isebenza kwisixhobo esisiseko, nokuba itekhnoloji, inyathelo lokuqala kunye nokubala. Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa umahluko wokuphakama phakathi kweyona ndawo iphantsi kunye neyona ndawo iphakamileyo yomgangatho owenziwe ziipleyiti ezingaphezulu. Ukuphakama kwesibakala kuthathelwa ingqalelo kweyona ndawo iphakamileyo. Ukuba, umzekelo, umahluko ophakamileyo une-15 mm, emva koko ukuphakama kwesamente ukusuka kwisamente kunye nesanti kufanele ibe yinxalenye enkulu. Ukuze ube lula, onke amamemko avelise kumgca malunga nenqanaba leliso. Lo mgca ubizwa ngokuba yindawo ethe tyaba. Umboniso we-therizon wenziwa usebenzisa i-tube yamanzi e-cube efihliweyo efihliweyo egcwele amanzi. Esi sixhobo sisebenza ngokomgaqo wokudlulisela iinqanawa, kunye nempazamo xa sisebenzisa iithegi ezimbini ezijikeleze umda wegumbi, apho umgca othe tyaba wakha wakhiwa ngakumbi, awudluli kwi-1mm. Vuma ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu kumgangatho. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, xa uphantsi kwemilenze yetafile eshukumayo okanye iKhabhinethi kuya kufuneka ifake iziqwenga zekhadibhodi, iya kuba ihambile kakhulu ukumangalela.

Ngendlela, umgangatho womsebenzi wokwakha uvunyelwe ukuphakama komgangatho ogqityiweyo hayi ngaphezulu kwe-5mm nge-2 p. mzantsi ubude. Ubunzima bomgangatho omnyama kwigumbi elinekhitha elikwisakhiwo esitsha alungeniswanga ngokubanzi, kwaye ngokwecala lesitovu se-Stove se-oxapment kufuneka sihambelane ukongeza.

Itekhnoloji yendabuko

I-stred yenziwa yimigca ngobubanzi malunga ne-1m. Oku kungenxa yokufikelela ekulungelelaniseni umphezulu kwi-rake lolawulo ecaleni kwendlela yesikhokelo yeeprofayili ze-beon. Iiprofayili zinokushiya inqwelomoya ethe tyaba ngaphakathi kwi-stred, evala zonke izitenxo kunye neziphakamo zokuphakama kwe-phabs, iboniswa kusetyenziswa imiqadi elula, ekwakukwenza izikrelem ezilula. Ukulungiselela ukungqinelana noRhooke-umthetho, isikelo senziwe ngamaqhekeza emitha yobubanzi bemitha. Iiprofayili zeKholamu zihanjiswa ngamabhendi. Ukufaka iprofayili enye kwindawo enikezwe (ekuphakameni kwenqanaba elibizwa ngokuba yinqanaba lokuqala, elinye kuwo onke amagumbi, ngaphandle kokuba, ngaphandle, iprojekthi yoyilo ayizimiselanga i-scow- isikrelemnqa. Ukugxila kwinqanaba lomgca we-horizon, abakhi bafumana isikhundla sentloko yokuzicinezela. Ngaphezulu kweCAPS yakhe kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwenqanaba le-scred ngokutyibilika kuphakama kweprofayile ye-beacon (i-10mm).

Ukufumana umgca ofanelekileyo owodwa we-beacon onokuthi ubekwe apho i-beacon profiles inokuthi ibekwe khona, kwinqanaba elifanayo kunye nesikhafu somxube wokwakha ozinzileyo kumqolo omnye ngenkxaso-mali yokuzixhasa. Igridi yokuqinisekisa ibekwe kumgangatho. Ukuze i-grid ayikhange inxibelelane nomgangatho kwaye yayingaphakathi komaleko we-stred, iziqwenga zeethayile zeCeramic zibekwe phantsi kwawo. Kwiimpawu ezilungiselelwe izikrikhi zikhukuliselwe phantsi kunye nezixhasi ezongezelelweyo, iiprofayili zomoya ezinokukhanya zifakwe ngaphezulu, ezenza imida yesithuba esikwe sisisombululo. Iiprofayili zokukhanya ziqhotyoshelwe ngokuqinileyo kusetyenziswa umxube wokuqhushumba. Isithuba phakathi kwabo sizaliswe sisisombululo sokusebenza, emva koko sihambelana nemithetho.

Ungabalwa njani usetyenziso lwezinto

Imixube yezixhobo zomgangatho zibonakaliswa yimiboniso yobugcisa. Ngokusekwe kwimisebenzi emiselweyo, kunokwenzeka ukukhetha eyona nto ifanelekileyo ngaphambi kokubala ukusetyenziswa kwesamente kunye nesanti exutywe ngokulinganayo 1: 3, kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa ivolumu eza kuzaliswa sisisombululo. Umsebenzi awuntsonkoki kakhulu: Kuyimfuneko ukuphindaphinda indawo kubungqingqwa bokuqaqamba. Kodwa apha kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba xa izithako ezomileyo zibonisiwe, ubunzima obufunyenwe 'ngokuhla' kwivolumu kwaye ukusuka kwi-1m3 yomxube owomileyo unokukhutshwa kwi-0.7-0.8 yesona sisombululo. Oku kuyenzeka kuba emoyeni ophakathi umxube ikwi-squash ebizwa ngokuba yi-squash ("mahala"). Xa umoya utshintshwa ngamanzi, kwaye umqulu uyancipha. Ukuzama ukwandisa ivolumu ngokupheka isisombululo sokungaguquguquka. Isisombululo esigqithisileyo "Sibulala" Isisombululo ": Kuya kubakho iqhekeza kumaqhezu (amasuntswana amancinci aya kuwa phantsi, kwaye ezona zinkulu ziya kuphuma phezulu). Kwaye "ilitye" njengoko kungasebenzi. I-AVODA, eyanika i-AMVE yesandi yesisombululo, ikhupha, iya kukhokelela kwi-shrinkage kunye nokubonakala kwemifuno. Kufanele ukuba kubekho i-400-500kg yesamente kwisisombululo se-1 M3.

Xa usebenzisa umxube obekiweyo, ukubala kwenziwa lula. Yiyo loo nto, ibhegi yoMxube woKwakha weNdawo yeHlabathi ye-50KG uya kufuneka kwisixhobo se-subir esine-10mm kwindawo ye-5m2. Abavelisi abasele bezinto ezikhethekileyo zokuxutywa zichaziwe kwiphakheji, kwaye, njengommiselo, kwi-1mm ye-1MM2, 1.5-1.8 kg yomxube owomileyo uyafuneka. Emva kokuqhuba ukubala kuqala, unokuthenga kwaye uzise zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko (kwaye kube kanye, hayi kabini).

Ukuthandabuza imali

Ngenxa ye-homogeneity yokwakhiwa, ubukho bezinto zokulungisa, umxube owodwa ubiza kakhulu kunendalo iphela. I-Plopobeton ibhegi ye-50kg imalunga ne-ruble eyi-100. Namhlanje, ngesixhobo, i-tie yetekhnoloji yendabuko ihlala isetyenziswa ngumxube wokwakha isanti, equlathe njengokuthula ukongeza kwinxalenye encinci yeRubble (i-Pebles), ngokuyinxenye idlala indima ye-Fillbles kwaye idlale ukuqhekeka.

Ixabiso lemixube eyodwa yesixhobo esidumileyo sinamaxesha ama-4 ngaphezulu. Kodwa kule meko, akuyi kuba yimfuneko ukuthenga i-gridi yokufumana i-grid (malunga ne-ruble eyi-1. I-1 mm), iiprofayili ezingama-30 (i-ruble ye-ruble. Ixesha lokulungiselela kunye nokulungisa kuya kuncipha, akuyi kuba yimfuneko ukunkcenkceshela umphezulu ngeentsuku zamanzi. Eyona nto iphambili - ekumgangatho ophezulu we-pieded uya kuqinisekiswa.

Umxube wolungelelwaniso lwesixhobo esisekwe kumgangatho wesiseko

Umvelisi	Igama	Injongo	Ukupakisha, kg.	Ixabiso elifanelekileyo, i-Huby.
"I-Saint-GoBen Webber rus"	Webebe.nav.TRM.	Xuba ulungelelwaniso lomgangatho wangaphakathi ovela kwi-10 ukuya kwi-70mm	25.	I-180.
I-Webber.niv FS30.	Ukuqulunqwa kokuzimela ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-30mm	25.	I-520.
"Iqela leMaxit"	"I-5000"	Xuba ulungelelwaniso lwekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-80mm	25.	I-360.
"I-3000"	Umxube ozimeleyo ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-5mm	25.	I-500.
"Imidumbo"	Ivsil-tie-rod-iv	Umxube wokuzibhokoxa, ukuqina okukhawulezayo kwe-2 ukuya kwi-100mm	Amashumi amabini	I-240.
Ivsil-tie-rod-II	Ukudibanisa ulungelelwaniso lomhlaba lokugqibela ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-10mm	25.	290.
"Stroymontazhh ms"	"I-t-41"	Ukuveliswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye nokuseka ukusuka kwi-30 ukuya kwi-150mm	Amashumi amahlanu	123.
"Eyona t-42"	Umgangatho wokuzimela ukuze wenze indawo egudileyo ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-30mm	25.	226.

Ibhodi yokuhlela ibulela inkampani "Saint-Goben Webber rus" kunye "ne-Delemma-Stroy" ukuze ancedise ekwenzeni izinto ezibonakalayo.