Iimpazamo kuyilo nolwakhiwo lwezindlu ezivela kwilog ejikelezileyo: oonobangela, iingxaki xa kufakwa iifestile.
I-a-ire scred. "I-hugs" inyawo raft kwaye inomdla ngokuthembekileyo kwilogo ephezulu eludongeni. Ukuguquguquka kwentambo kuvumela i-rafter ukuba ihambe umgama omfutshane xa kuncipha ekhaya;
B - i-node ekhethekileyo equlathe i-bracket kunye ne-gweok. I-bracket ilungisiwe ecaleni komlenze ophawulezileyo. I-Hook idlulisele phakathi kwebrakykhi kunye nokuyeka. Iyayigubungela ukusuka phezulu, itsala udonga kwilogi. Abemi
A- ngesicelo semikhosi eyandise umnyango, kodwa kwangaxeshanye azange asinike izithsaba eziphezulu, ukuqinisa iindonga zefaide;
Iibhloko ze-balcony i-beams isekwe kuphela kwilog esezantsi, ebuthathaka. I-Log ephezulu ayibandakanyeki
A- ezantsi;
B-ephezulu
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ivolumu yokwakhiwa kwezindlu zelizwe ukusuka kwindawo enesijikelezi yendalo yokukhula kwendalo ikhula ngamaxesha ama-4. I-ALO, ukubonakala ngokulula kokusebenza kunye ne-gallindioint kunye nobuhle bezakhiwo ezinjalo kubangela ukuba umnqweno wokuzibandakanya nabo kunye nabakhi abanganamava afanelekileyo. Utata, oko kuphila rhoqo, kwaye uxela inqaku lethu.
Ijikelezwe (okanye i-calibed) Log-Izixhobo ezintle: Icocekile, ukukhanya, igudileyo. Izindlu ezivela kuzo zifunyenwe, jonga nje. Kuya kubonakala ngathi iyasebenza kuye, kubonakala ngathi kusekwe iinkcukacha ezigqibeleleyo zeenkcukacha ezenziwe ngokulinganisela kunye nokudibanisa iikomityi. Ngabo, njengezitena, iiveki ezimbalwa zakha indlu. Yonke into yenzeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ilula.
Olu luphawu oluyinkohliso, ngelishwa, akuvuswanga kuphela kubanini bexesha elizayo ekhaya, kodwa nakwiNdlu yosizi lwabenzi. I-ISTO Elo ntembelo isekwe kukungabikho kwamava. Ukumakha ukusuka kwi-α-cans kwi-TEADS ngobukhulu ukusuka kwi-66 ukuya kwi-108m, inkampani yokwakha yokuqalisa ithatha isigqibo sokuba ngoku yonke igxalaba. Indlu 1210m- ngokulula! Umgangatho we-Attic akakhethi, kodwa kwilog, ukuba mhle ngakumbi? Akukho ngxaki! Yakha, iirenti kwaye zizolile ukuya kwenye into. Ngonyaka (kwaye rhoqo rhoqo kwisibini okanye kathathu), abanini bafumana kwikhaya labo elitsha, apho kungathandekiyo ekuvavanyeni okothusayo. I-Andasy ukubiza abakhi. Impendulo: "Xa sikunikezele ngendlu, kwakunjengepipi! Thani nonyaka kamva, akuzange uqhagamshelane nathi, oko kuthetha ukuba uyenzile ngendlu Kwiminyaka emi-2? Sikwinto eyenzekileyo engakhange ibize. I-Innen Fowuna ngaphezulu. "
Iziphumo zembambano enjalo zihlala zisombulula inkundla. Kodwa ukufaka ifayile yebango, umniniyo ufuna uxwebhu oluqinisekiswe ziingcali, apho zonke zonke zonke zonke zonke zonke zonke ezifunyanwe zirekhodwe kwaye nezizathu zenkangeleko yazo zibonisiwe. Ke imikhosi yaza yakhumbula ukuba kukho iingcali ezizimeleyo, owona msebenzi kukukhusela umthengi kwi-Appeller Forting. Abo kuya kufuneka benze isigqibo esifanelekileyo.
Ngokudibeneyo noMlawuli wezobuchwephesha kwiNkampani yeNkampani "(iRussia) sityelele izinto ezimbini, enye yazo sele sakhiwe kwakudala, kwaye sisebenze okwesibini kwinqanaba lokugqibela. Into esiyibonileyo apho saza saseke isiseko seli nqaku.
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Ungqimba lophahla (a) kunye nee-icicles zixhonywe kwi-Wict yeWindows (b) zibonisa ukuba isikhokelo se-ventilation khange benze imisebenzi yaso. Unobangela kukungabikho kwemingxunya yokungabikho komoya kwi-oats yophahla kunye nendawo yokuphuma kwisiketi (g, e). Ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba "vula" uphahla "(b) kwelinye eluphahleni lophahla. Kuba izibini ezivela kumngxunya ngokusebenzisa i-inshurensi azicinyiwe, idonn yomthi iyaboniswa. |
Into yokuqala
Le ndlu inamagumbi amabini e-online (ngaphandle kwegumbi elingaphantsi) kunye nendawo ye-270m2 yakhiwe ukusuka kwilog ye-larch ejikeleziweyo kwaye ibeka abantu kwiminyaka emi-3 eyadlulayo. Kunyaka wokuqala emva kokwakhiwa kwebhokisi, abanini bangenakungena kuye, balinda de sakhiwo silize. Emva koko baqala ukugqiba, nto leyo yaqhubeka ixesha elide. Emva koko, yaqala ukungenisa izixhobo zobunjineli eziyimfuneko zegumbi le-Boiler, i-sauna, ichibi elincinci eliyincinci. Phambili kumgca ofunyenwe kwaye kwafakwa izixhobo zokufudumeza ekuqaleni kobusika. I-Akak kuphela eyaqala ukusebenza, yaqala ukuba eluphahleni lwendlu kwabakho ungqimba ... Ice! Xa ivakalelwa kukuba, amacoda aqala, amanzi ahamba eluphahleni lwamanzi kunye nokuthathwa kophahla.
Ke abanini bendlu okwesihlandlo sokuqala kwaye babiza ingcali. Urekhodwe kwifilimu kwaye wakhupha abanini: Itekhnoloji enokwenzeka, itekhnoloji yokwakha yaphukile. Oku kukhokelele kwinto yokuba ukucocwa kwe-ventilation eluphahleni kutshilwa okanye kuvaliwe, ngenxa yoko akukho kufikelelo lwecebo elingaphantsi. Abanini bamakhaya phakathi kobusika bengenzi kwanto, kodwa baqaphela ulwazi. Entwasahlobo, basondela kwizixhobo zobugcisa zesakhiwo. Yonke into oyifunayo ikwazi ukuthenga kuphela ukuphela kwayo, baziswa, babelalwa kumgangatho wokuqala kwaye baqokelele ukuhlekisa. I-Hevdrug ifumanise ukuba umgangatho we-attic will. Umnxeba kwikhaya lendlu eyakhiweyo khange anikene nesiphumo esihle, emva koko ingcali yamenywa kwakhona. Wayothusa kwaye wacebisa ukuba ibingekho kudala kakhulu ukuba ufowunele iingcali ezinokusindisa imeko. Ke ngoko, xa saqala ukubetha into kwinkampani leyo, kwabakho i-brigade ye-mondolith (iRussia) yabasebenzi, izama ukuqonda ukuba kwenzeka ntoni.
Ngezantsi konke ukugxekwa. Into esiyibonileyo ayinanto yakwenza nomgangatho oqhelekileyo wokwakha. Ngaphakathi endlwini, izikhewu zanda phakathi kwezithsaba kwindawo esecaleni kwesilingi, kunye nokuphakama kuzo zonke iindonga zomongikazi. Zombini iindonga ezinqabileyo zenziwe ngandlela zithile zenziwe ngecala lesitrato, njengoko kungqinwe ngumgangatho othe tyaba obanzi phakathi komgangatho wokuqala womgangatho kunye neliplinthes (udonga oluye lwaya kumgama ophezulu). UPawulos, ngokwemvelo, ojijekileyo. Izihluzo zangaphakathi ziphantse zatyhafiswa ziba ngamaqhosha ahlukeneyo, koku bangabamba naphi na apho kuqhubekile khona. Ikhululwe kumthwalo, ezinye iilogo ezijijekileyo. Abasebenzi phantsi kwesikhokelo se-proba baphule i-plints kunye neplanika, ukugqobhoza iibhokisi zesakhelo kunye neendonga zenziwe ngekhefu, kuye kwafuneka ukuba kuthatha amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza. Sicwangcise ngokunzulu abanemini.
Icala lobuchwephesha bomcimbi. Akukho mfihlakalo i-shrinkiage yendlu yomthi evela kwimiba ye-suidity yendalo (ehlala ingama-30 ukuya kwengama-30%, ngelixa inciphisa i-25%) yenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezibini. Iqabaza kwaye i-shrinkage ye-logs (ubukhulu bayo yi-5-8%, kuxhomekeke ekwimeko yokuqala yokhuni). Umzekelo, ububanzi beLog ye-240mm (yilogs enjalo esetyenziswa kule meko) ngokuphela kwe-shrinkage kunokuba ne-speameter ye-220-30 mm. Iilogo zomhlaba zesobunzima phantsi kobunzima bomthwalo kunye nokubhengezwa kwee-rocks (i-shrinkage iza ukuya kwi-2%). Yiyo loo nto, ixabiso elipheleleyo le-shrinkge lilingana ne-6-10%, oko kukuthi, ekuphakameni kokuqala kwe-3m ukuya esiphelweni sale nkqubo, iindonga ngamanye amaxesha zihlisiwe yi-15-20 cm.
Ngoku malunga nemihla emilelweyo. Kukholelwa ukuba iphezulu kunyaka wokuqala emva kokwakhiwa kweNdlu, kwaye kwixa elizayo ubukhulu bayo bungakhathalelwa. Njengokuziqhelanisa nemidlalo, le ayisiyonkqubo yokufuduka kwendlu yenkuni yokufuma kwendalo ingahlala ukuya kwiminyaka engama-7-8. Imihla exhomekeke kuphela xa umthi unqunyulwe (ubusika okanye umthi wehlobo), kwaye ukusuka ekuthini ukufuma okokuqala komxholo, kodwa nakwiimpawu zoyilo zokusikwa, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kwiimeko zokusoma kwayo.
Ngenxa yenyani yokuba iindonga zangaphakathi zomile ngokukhawuleza kune-ORT (kwaye ke ngokukhawuleza yanika i-shrinkige epheleleyo), bakhululwa kumthwalo owenziwe phantsi kophahla. Isiphumo sikhulu slots kwindawo ephezulu.
Iyamkelwa ngokubanzi ukuba unyaka emva kokwakhiwa kwebhokisi, inkqubo yokufudumeza kunye nolunye unxibelelwano lobunjineli lubekwe, lwenza isiphelo sangaphandle nangaphakathi, emva koko sihambelana. Hlala kwaye rhangqa indlu. UJudda ukuba abanini babekelwe indawo yokuhlala, batshona kuwo onke amandla ukuze iinkuni ezomileyo zikhawuleza. Kodwa kwenzeka njani? Iindonga zangaphakathi zomile (ubushushu zijikeleze kuwo onke amacala), i-of engaphandle ithile kamva (kunye ne-Ezantsi ngokukhawuleza, ihamba kancinci). Iyomisa kwi-desformation engalinganiyo yesakhiwo sonke.
Oku kubonakaliswa ngokuqaqambe kwezindlu ngenkqubo yomiselo yendawo ephantsi, apho iindonga, iindonga, kunye nesahlulo esiphezulu senziwe nge-otlight (yayiyindlu esityelele khona). Uyilo kwaye ke ume ngokulinganayo, kwaye apha kungekho iindonga zangaphakathi kwaye iindonga zangaphakathi ziphezulu kakhulu kune-Over (ngaphezulu kwexabiso elipheleleyo le-shrinkige yayo). Ukuba iireyitha eziqengqelekayo, ezisekwe kwisiphelo esinye kwiindonga zelog, kunye nomgca wesibini we-sking bar, zidibene ngokungqongqo nakwelinye, ububi babuphepha. Umgangatho we-attic uya kuqala ukuwa. Imithetho yejometri iya kusebenza: ihla kunye ne-skiete bar, iphumle kwi-Skigods kunye neendonga zangaphakathi, imilenze yangaphakathi iya kutshintshwa) kwaye, iqhagamshelwe ngendonga, tsala zona. Ngenxa yoko, izinto zangaphandle ziqokelelwe kwiindonga ezingafunekiyo (zihamba) ziya kukhankanywa ngalo lonke ixesha ukuya esitratweni. Emva kwe-engile yokutyekela eluphahleni lophahla, oyena mkhulu uya kugoba. Konke oku kuyingozi kunento yokuba imiqadi yokugqobhoza ihlala inamathela kwiindonga zangaphakathi, yolula iindlwana zazo kwiindonga ezingaphandle. I-Insel ubude beqonga labo elixhasayo eludongeni lingaphantsi kobukhulu benkqubela phambili kwindawo yoqhagamshelo, indawo yokugquma inokuwa nje.
I-phenomena echaziweyo inokwenzeka kumakhaya kungekuphela nje kwilog ejikeleziweyo, kodwa nakwisiqhelo (i-Darling), kunye nowomileyo wemveliso, kodwa engaziswanga kwi-suidid 18-20% yendalo (ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni i-frontonones kunye neendonga eziphezulu zangaphakathi zisongelwe kuluhlu). Kukho enye imeko yokuziphatha kwenkqubo yokuhlanjwa kwenkqubo (inyani, akukho lusizi). I-Beams inokuhlukana nodonga okanye i-skiate ibar, okanye iqhekeza, iqhekeze.
Imeko ye-vanalog imeko yokusetyenziswa kweerafti yokuxhoma ayikhokelele kwiziphumo ezimnandi. Nokuba iingcango ezinjalo zikhutshiwe kude neendonga okanye isiketi, ngelixa iindonga ezingaphandle aziyi "ukugqobhoza" - akuyi kunika i-beam ethe tye (ukuqinisa). Ewe, i-monsard yeloyilo yefreyikhe kwaphela ayisongelwa: njengoko iyaziwa, umthi we-dericudinal shrinkani ayinikezi, kuphela.
Kuyabonakala ukuba, iilog zaqala ukuphuma komnye kwicala labo nakwisithuba sokwakha, esinyanzelisa abachweli bentlungu ukuba baphathe iziphelo zekhabhathi yelog. Isibakala sokuba iilog ziya kuqhubeka, abo basebenza ngombane babengakrokrelwa, bazolile kwii-rooves ezinde eziphelweni ze-elektrocal. Ngokungummangaliso le cable ayizange idlule naphina.
Njengoko imeko igciniweyo. Ikhava ye-Lip yatyhilwa, izikhonkwane ze-rusty zasuswa ngobude obungaphantsi kwe-250mm edibanisa ububanzi, kwaye zifakwe into elula ye-hinge evela kwipleyiti yentsimbi (zonke iinxalenye zayo zininzi). Ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwendlu, i-hinge iyakuvumela ukuba utshintshe ijometri yonxibelelwano lweenyawo zekarate, ngaphandle kokuyeka kuyo. Ngokudibeneyo kwi-rafred kunye nodonga luseta izinto ezityiwayo. Ingasebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoyilo ezithathwa njengezifemu ezilungileyo, ngenxa yoko azithandi ukubabonisa. Kodwa akukho mfihlo, okanye ubunzima obukhethekileyo kwezobugcisa kwinto enjalo. Elona cala lilula yi-wire i-wire i-"hugs" inyawo rafter ukusuka phezulu kwaye itsalela kwi-crutch, iqhutywa eludongeni olubiyelweyo kunye nezithsaba ezinde. Umahluko omkhulu ngakumbi yindibaniselwano ye-bracket kunye ne-hook (zombini izinto zenziwa ngentsimbi ye-4mm ubuncinci i-4mm): I-bracket ifakwe kwindawo ePhakamileyo, i-hook igubungela i-bracket ukusuka phezulu kwaye iqhotyoshelwe kwisithsaba esiphezulu.
Emva kokufaka izinto ezityibilikayo, iikona zasuswa, imilenze engqongqo eqingqiweyo enemilenze ye-raftid ngesithsaba esiphezulu. Xa kuyilo "mayiyeke", kwangoko laqalisa ukuhlala phantsi kobunzima bakhe. Iziphumo zemilenze ye-trim iphume kwi-5 cm. Iindonga zangaphandle kwangaxeshanye zaqala ukulungisa. Inkqubo yaziswa ekupheleni kwentambo yentsimbi kunye ne-winch enamandla.
Ngokubhekele phaya, njengoko besitsho, imeko yetekhnoloji: i-insuble yabekwa, babuyisa umswakama kunye nophahla lwe-skite kwindawo yesiketi. Umda wemimandla edale umngxunya wokuphuma komoya kwisithuba se-ventilation, esasithi sasingekho ngaphambili (malunga nokuba sikhokelela kwisixhobo seVerntazor, siya kuxelela kancinci).
Oku kufakwa kweefestile akukho nto ixhaphakileyo nge-30971-2002, ukulawula lo mba, akunayo. Yintoni ekhoyo i-3 ye-3 ezintathu ukusuka kwi-ofisi yamanzi engaphandle, i-finsed kunye ne-vapor yangaphakathi ye-vapor! Iibhokisi zefestile ziyabekwa (a), izithuba zibekwe phantsi ngeeplanga (B) kwaye zivale i-pacles (b). Ngapha koko, babeka ne-electrocaboblic.
Kule ndawo, siya kuyiphula ibali lethu malunga nento yokuqala kwaye siya kumxelela umfundi, olikhaya lesibini (ukuze iimpazamo zinokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi).
Uluvo lwengcali
Zingaphi izihlandlo ezibanjiweyo? Abo bagqiba kwelokuba bakhe indlu yokhuni kufuneka bagqitywe ngombono wokuba ukulungiswa kweposi akuyi kuthintelwa. Iicreckis ziya kuvela nangaliphi na ixesha, umbuzo kuphela kubungakanani babo kunye nobukhulu.
Amava enkampani yethu abonisa ukuba indlu kufuneka ibanjwe amaxesha ama-3 ubuncinci. Okokuqala, ngexesha lokwakha, xa itywina libekwe kwimigangatho yencwadi yokunxibelelana kunye nokudibanisa iikomityi. Okwesibini kuthi emva kwendawo enkulu (emva kwe-1-2, ngamanye amaxesha iminyaka emi-3). Okwesithathu, bokugqibela, emva kweminyaka emi-5. Ikomkhulu yesibini neyesithathu kufuneka ibe yimali enkulu xa izibheno zivele. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuvumela le nkqubo ukuba ibangele ukuba iphakame iphakame iphakame ngenxa yokwanda kwemisango ye-nomva. Kungcono ukwenza i-re-cauldation isebenzisa izixhobo ezinje nge-chesna flax okanye moss ebomvu.
"Yomisa njani" indlu? Indlu eyakhiwe indlu yokuthatyathwa kwendalo kufuneka ikhutshelwe ngokuthe ngcembe. I-Cometion yonyaka wokuqala kufuneka yenzeke indalo. Kunyaka kamva, unokuvula ukufudumeza, kodwa ngemowudi ethambileyo ukuze iqondo lobushushu kumagumbi li-5-8c. Ngale ndlela, umthi uyothusa kancinci kwaye ixesha elide. I-ITO ilungile - incinci iya kuba sisiphene sesakhiwo kunye nenani lemifuno kwiilogo. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uphile kwindlu kwiqondo lokushisa elifanayo, ke kubalulekile ukwamkela kwangaphambili ngento yokuba kwiminyaka emi-2 kuyo.
Ingxaki yophahla oluntsonkothileyo. Nditsho nophahla lophahla lwe-Bartal lusenokuziphatha kwindlu enkulu engonelanga. Ukuba uphahla luphawu lwesine okanye, njengoko ngoku luyinto ebonakalayo, ubume benqanaba elinobunzima, emva koko indlela yokuziphatha kwayo kwindawo engalindelekanga. Uphahla olunjalo lungcono ukungalifaki i-gound ubuncinci iminyaka eli-1-1.5, lo gama nje i-shufutha yethutyana (esetyenzisiweyo, umzekelo, iRobberoid). Etmnle emva kwale, hlolisisa ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yokulinganisa, unokwenza uphahla.
Vnylav Itletlav, UMlawuli weNkampani "Monolith"
Into emibini
Le ndlu ikhiwe kwi-pine epine ye-suidity yendalo kwaye ibekwe kwenye yeendawo zokuhlala ze-moscow ze-moscow. Into efakwe kwinqanaba lokugqitywa kwesakhiwo sesakhiwo sesakhiwo: Kukho iindonga kunye nophahla, kodwa akukho windows, kwaye ugqibile kwaye ungaphandle kwaye wangaphandle ongenziwanga. Okweli nqanaba, umniniyo wagqiba kwelokuba athethelele kubakhi bangaphambili, kwaye ivolumu eshiyekileyo yokuyalela enye inkampani. Ukuvavanya umgangatho womsebenzi osele wenziwe, kwaye ingcali yabizwa.Into yokuqala esitsalela ingqalelo kuyo, ukungena kwiNdlu, imigqomo eludongeni kunye nevumba elithile. Kwavela ngokoqobo ngaphambi kokufika komniniyo, abakhi baqala ukuthoba iindonga ngoncedo lwe-blorine-ene-bleoloch equkethe (wayengumthombo wevumba). Kodwa kutheni?
Mhlawumbi, ukuqhubekeka kwe-antisestptic ye-logs, apho indlu yelog ihlanganisiwe, ngaphambi kokuba abakaze baqhutywa (ngokuchasene neemfuno ze-sna "zezakhiwo ze-snan"). Ngenxa yoko, amanqaku amaninzi amnyama avela kumphezulu womthi, ozama ukushenxisa abakhi. Kummandla ofikelelekayo ngokulula, bekunokwenzeka ukuba wenze le nto, kodwa kumalungu eZithsaba, kwiziphelo zelogo, kunye neendonga ezinxulumene nolwakhiwo, amabala amnyama ahlala Inyani yokuba iindawo ezingaphezulu zezinto zangaphakathi zigutyungelwe i-Steam Steam Steam Steam).
Ngaba i-antiveptition iphulwe nini ukuze umthi awosulelekanga kukubumba kwaye ubole? Ixesha lokuqala iinkuni ziphathwa nakwimeko zefektri okanye ngaphambi kwezothutho, kuba ayikho i-inshurensi ngexesha lo msebenzi. Okwesibini xa sigcina izakhiwo. Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka babekwe kwisitaki seenkomo, kungenjalo umthi awuyi kungena umoya. Umgca wesithathu wokuvala kwenzeka xa indlu ihlanganisene kwaye igubungele uphahla. Ezi ndawo kunye neendawo, ukufikelela eziya kuba nako ukuyenza, ziyenziwa ngexesha lendibano.
Ngoku sincokole malunga nempawu zento nganye, cinga ngeempazamo eziqhelekileyo ezenziwe ngoyilo nolwakhiwo.
Iprojectionals eMisekayo
Impazamo eqhelekileyo n 1- Akukho kukhanya kwendawo ye-attic. Xa uziqhelanisa, i-attic yonke ubude bokwakhiwa okungaqhelekanga akunakuphakanyiswa. Ukudala kakhulu inxenye yokusika indawo ye-attic swiry eshushu. Ke, phezu kwendlu kukho i-mini-3-3.5 yobubanzi kunye nokuphakama kwe-1-1 15m. Ingxaki kukuba le projekthi ilityelwe ukubeka ifowuni yokuphumelela kwayo. Kwiminyaka emalunga ne-2-3, isibini sokufuma esijonge isithuba sayo kwindawo yayo iya kugubungela i-rafter kunye ne-kyonk ibolile ... Imveliso yenye: ukwenza imingxunya ye-log kwiifilimu ze-log kwaye ibagubungele ngeenyawo zokuhombisa. Kungcono ngakumbi ukusika iwindow yophicotho-zincwadi: ke ukukwazi ukulawula imeko yenxalenye yenkqubo ye-raftter kwi-attic iya kuvela.
Impazamo n 2- Ukunqongophala kwegalelo kunye nemingxunya yomoya. Kuya kufuneka inyukele eluphahleni lwesilayidi esinye okanye izithuba ezimbini zomoya, zisenza isibini sokufuma esivela kwizakhiwo ngokufakwa. Kwangelo xesha, i-VerntZor ngokwayo inokulungiswa kuyo yonke le mithetho, kodwa akukho luxhamla kuyo: Kwiprojekthi yokuntywila eluphahleni ethungqwa nge-clapboard, akukho kuthwesa umoya womoya ophahlayo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaoko kuya kwenzeka okufanayo nakwi-Attic engaphazanyiswa: i-suby yomgwebo iya kubola, kwaye ne-neutropyl kunye nehashe. Le yayiyinto yokuqala: Xa kwelinye icala le-attic, itrim yangaphakathi kunye nophahla "(i-vaporizotion, i-insullin, ifunyenwe phantsi kwekhreyithi iminyaka emi-3. Ukuba uloyiso lunamandla, uphahla kukohlwaywa kwangoko. Kodwa kungcono ukuba ungazisanga imeko enjalo kunye nemfuno kwinqanaba lokwakha okanye ukwamkelwa kweNdlu ukuze uqhutyelele iigrilles kwi-rilles. Ngokucacileyo- cinga ukuba impahla ye-Trimim, umzekelo, i-sub.
Ewe kunjalo, apha azizizo zonke iimpazamo kuyilo, nje ngokuqhelekileyo kuzo zombini izindlu ziqwalasele kwaye ezona zibalulekileyo. Zinqande kakhulu. Umzekelo, kwinto yesibini kwizihlubo ezibini eziguqukayo, umnyango kwisicelo somamkeli usindise kakhulu ukuba udibanise indawo. Kuyinyani, kwangaxeshanye usike izithsaba eziphezulu, ezinokuthi "zikhuphe" iindonga zefayili. I-ties "kuya kufuneka ibuyisele. Apho, sabona i-balcony enecala lecala lecala, imiqadi yomgangatho wecala elisekwe kwelinye icala eludongeni, kwelinye, kwi-console ixhasa. Ngokudibeneyo, iingubo zemida zibuthathaka, kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha iya kufika. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphezu kwelog ebuthathaka ilele yesibini, iyonke, kwaye ayibandakanyekanga kuyilo. Ukwenzela ukuthintela ingxaki, kungcono ukuyitsalela i-bolts engezantsi.
Kutheni le nto ivela i-slots?
Kwiindonga zelog zihlala zivela izithuba ezibanzi phakathi kwezithsaba. Izizathu zenkangeleko yazo zininzi.
Ekuqaleni Ukuhambisa iilog kwinkalipho. Iingcali zicebisa ukuba ziqokelele iilogo kuphela ngoncedo lweempawu zokhuni, kodwa akukho kwimeko apho akwenziwanga), engakumbi yokungasebenzisi i-logos ebiwe kwi-finfeed (kumphezulu wayo othengiweyo. Imingxunya phantsi kweenkampu kufuneka idlule ngokungqongqo. I-bowniers yomntu wonke kufuneka ingekabikho, kwaye isikwere: banayo indawo encinci kunye nomphezulu womngxunya kwilog (ke, amandla angaphantsi komhlaba ukuthintela i-shrinkige). Kuyimfuneko ukuba nabo banxibe ikhibhodi ekuphakameni kodonga kumgama ongaphezulu kwe-1.5 m omnye komnye. I-Babe ityhutyha kunye nokubhula kwamaplanga ngamandla amancinci.
Kwiikopi, kuyafuneka ukusebenzisa ixesha elongezelelekileyo kunokwenza, isixhobo: umzekelo, ukuba iilogo zepine, emva koko ubushushu okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-birch okanye i-bird. Ukufuma kwabo kuya kuba njalo njengokufuma kweenkuni, - xa womisa, kwangaxeshanye kunyanzelekile kwaye sithende, kunye nomngxunya.
Isizathu sesibini- Umthwalo ongonelanga kwi-logs. Ngakumbi izithuba zivela phakathi kwe-mandongo lamafutha aqingqiweyo, echazwe: Ngaphezulu kweendonga zemitha (njengezithsaba zeendonga zomgangatho wokuqala) kwaye ezantsi kophahla aluyi kucinezela ubunzima (Ukuba ayinabunzima). Unjani?
Iilogo, apho iingubo ezinqatyisiweyo zisongelwe, zinokuba "kukulayisha" usebenzisa izixhobo ezizodwa ezifana ne-valve yenjini yenjini. Ziqukethe isikhafu esiqhuba kwimithombo kunye neekheshe ezimbini. Faka "i-valves" ngaphambi kwexesha eliphumileyo kuzo zombini izogongo zokungena. Icinezelwe xa ufaka intwasahlobo yesixhobo kuyo yonke imiqathango iya kucinezela ngelog ephezulu ezantsi, ukunciphisa amathuba okubonakala komsantsa. Iinkcukacha ze "valve" kufuneka zenziwe ngentsimbi engenasimo okanye i-jikelele.
Isizathu sesithathu Ukusela iingogs. Kukubekekatyalali koku kuthiwa kukrhole iinkuni, kwaye ubeke nje, ijijekile kwiintsinga zayo kumkhenkce. Ubukhulu bokujijisha kuxhomekeke kwindawo apho umthi okhule khona uhlala khona ihlathi okanye emphethweni. Ngenxa yesizathu sokuqala, amathuba okubonakala kweenkonkxa zeswina ingaphantsi, okwesibini, ngakumbi. Ngexesha lokumohlwaya, ingakumbi ngenxa yokufakelwa okubukhali kwinkqubo yokufudumeza, amawaka eelogo, ubukhulu becala ilayishwe phantsi kwaye ayidibaniswanga ngu-zewe, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuqala ukuphuma. Kwandula ke, kwelinye icala, iindonga zomsantsa phakathi kwezithsaba zinokuyinyamalala, kodwa kwenye yazo zinokwandisa kakhulu. Awuyi kuba nakho ukulungisa indawo ejijekileyo. Iziphumo) ngononophelo ukuba ziwele izithuba. Ewe kunjalo, iingubo zembandezelo aziyi kuba ngaphantsi koku, kodwa imbonakalo yodonga iya kuphucuka kakhulu.
Isizathu sesine Ayichithwanga ngexesha lohlengahlengiso lwexesha lee jacks - iimbuyekezo ezikhululekileyo. Ezi ndlela zifakwe kwikholamu ethe nkqo kudala ingene kwisenzo sokwakhiwa kwendlu. Kulula kwaye ilula: ijijeke i-nati kwisixhobo- kunye nendawo yesalathiso etshintshelwe kubungakanani obulingane nodonga lodonga. Ihlala ilawula imbandezelo inyanzelekile kwiminyaka emi-3 yokuqala (ixesha le-shrinkage enkulu). I-AvoobaCope, njengokuziqhelanisa nemidlalo, kufuneka yenze iminyaka emi-5-8. Kumntu ogudileyo ukuba asebenze lonke eli xesha lonke eli xesha, kufuneka yenziwe ngentsimbi engenalo inyibiliki okanye ibe namalungu e-gavanited.
Umzamo wokucoca ukunqunyulwa nge-bleach kuphela yinxalenye yendawo elula yokufikelela, amabala amnyama anyamalala, emva koko kwiindawo ezivaliweyo (a), kumalungu e-vapor (B) kunye ne iziphelo ze-logs (b) ihleli.
Iingxaki zokufakwa kweefestile
Ukuze iindonga ekhaya, iindonga aziyikhupheli iwindow kunye neebhokisi zeminyango, zisetyenziswa ezimbini. Eyokuqala: Kwiziphelo zelogo ezigodisa iwindow (kunye nomnyango) wokuvula, zenza i-Groove ngecandelo lama-5050mm, elithintela i-up hump ye-upmp ye-off. Uthintela i-tybhu yelogos, kwaye yeyenzelwe ukuba ifakwe i-festile yefestile. Indlela yesibini inzima kakhulu: Kwiziphelo zeelogo zinqunyulwa i-spike ye-cheitudinal spike, enxitywa ngumthi (iQela) ene-roove efanayo. Ngaphezulu kwebhokisi kunye ne-phunga lishiya umsantsa odlula kwixabiso lezinto ezilindelweyo shrinkage, kwaye ubeke i-elf i-incile.Ifestile okanye isakhelo semnyango kufuneka iqhotyoshelwe kuphela kwiqonga (ukwala) ngezikhonkwane okanye izikhonkwane zokuzikhethela, ubude obungaphezulu kobunzima besakhelo kunye neqela).
Lumka!
Mhlawumbi, sele uqonde ukuba ukwakhiwa kwendlu yobukhulu obuqinileyo nakwizinto ezilula kuhlobo lwezinto, njengokulolongwa kwendalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthembele ngoochwephesha. Ngexesha lolwakhiwo, basebenzisa iindlela zobugcisa ezichazwe ngokweenkcukacha, kwaye ezabo sazi-njani. Khumbula ukuba zonke ukuba zonke zikhankanya iindlela ezibonakala zilula kunye neenkcukacha kwi-Aggregate inokunyusa indleko zokwakha. Nangona kunjalo, kufanelekile ukuba ihambe, ke singajamelana nengxaki enkulu, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ngeendleko ezongezelelweyo.
Uluvo lwengcali
Kwi-warantieshini. Ekhaya "Izindlu zokuhlala" kukho inqaku elingaqhelekanga: "Ngokwesicelo somphuhlisisi ekufumaneni amaxwebhu eNdlu, incwadana yokudlala eshushu yendlu ... imiyalelo ... kufuneka iqulethe idatha eyimfuneko kumnini wekhaya ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko ngexesha lokusebenza. Ngenani lolwazi malunga noyilo oluphambili, iinkqubo zobunjineli, ezifihliweyo kunye ne Ixabiso elincinci lomthwalo kwizinto zeNdlu kunye ne-elektrose yayo. "
Vumelana, into leyo iyamangalisa. Yimfesane yokuba le ngongoma imangalisayo phantse akukho mntu uqhubayo. I-Amezhdu, imiyalelo enjalo iya kunceda abanini zento yokuqala echazwe kwinqaku, apho kwakungekho kulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo kwesakhiwo kubadlali, ukuphepha iingxaki ezininzi. Ubuncinci babeza kuyazi ukuba ngowuphi umsebenzi kwaye kweliphi ixesha i-framemes kufuneka ibanjelwe kweliphi ixesha, kwaye emva kokubakhunjuzwa kwaba bakhi.
Ukunyanzela abasebenzi bokwakha ukuba bakwenze ngexesha lewaranti, imisebenzi eyimfuneko kuphela inokukwazi ukubandakanya umhlathi ofanelekileyo kwicandelo "lokunyanzelwa kwewaranti" yemvumelwano yekhontrakthi kunye nekhontraktha. Ukuba oku akwenziwanga ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ke isivumelwano esongezelelweyo kufuneka siqulunqwe kwisivumelwano esikhankanyiweyo.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuqinisekiswa. Ngokuhambelana noMthetho we-Russian Federation "kukhuseleko lwamalungelo abathengi" emva kokwakhiwa kolwakhiwo, umkhonzazana kufuneka anike umniniyo isiqinisekiso sesakhiwo esakhiweyo, ekufuneka siboniswe kwimvumelwano ekhankanywe apha ngasentla. Yintoni ekufuneka libe ligama lale nkonzo?
Kubugcisa. ((PP. 3, 6) Kulo mthetho - amalungelo abathengi xa befumana iintsilelo zomsebenzi owenziweyo (inkonzo ebonelelweyo), "utshilo:" Umthengi unelungelo lokwenza iimfuno ... Iminyaka emihlanu Ngokubhekisele kwiintsilelo kwisakhiwo kunye nezinye izindlu nomhlaba.
... Ukuba le mfuno ayoneliseki ngeentsuku ezingamashumi amabini ukusuka kumhla wokunikwa komthengi okanye umthengi osisidima akadibaniyo, umthengi ngokukhetha ilungelo lokufuna ukubakho Umsebenzi owenziwe (onikezelweyo); Ukubuyiselwa kwemali yenkcitho eyenziweyo ngabo ukuphelisa iintsilelo zomsebenzi owenziweyo (inkonzo ebonelelweyo) kumaqela abo okanye wesithathu. "
USergey Zelensky, UMlawuli wezobuchwephesha kwinkampani
Msgstr "" "Uvavanyo oluzimeleyo lomgangatho wolwakhiwo"
Abahleli babulela i-Abs-Stroy, Monolith kunye "novavanyo oluzimeleyo lomgangatho wophuhliso" ukuze ufumane uncedo ekulungiseleleni loo nto.
Ukubalwa okwandisiweyo kweendleko * ukwakha indlu-yendlu ngendawo ye-99.4m2, efanayo nengenisiweyo
| Igama lemisebenzi | Inani le | ixabiso, i-Huby. | Ixabiso, ihlathi. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Umsebenzi osisiseko | |||
| Ubume, uphuhliso kunye nengubo | I-108m2 | I-107. | I-11 556. |
| Ukususwa kwenkunkuma | 28m3. | I-520. | I-14 560. |
| Isixhobo seziseko ze-ribbon yaqiniswa kwikhonkrithi | I-13,5m3 | I-1800. | I-24 300. |
| Isixhobo sokugcina iindonga kwiibhloko zekhonkrithi (isiseko) | 6.5m3 | I-900. | I-5850. |
| Ukuhamba kwamanzi athe tyaba | I-18m2 | 45. | I-810. |
| Iyonke | I-57080. | ||
| Izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwicandelo | |||
| Ikhonkrithi inzima | I-14m3 | 3100. | 43 400. |
| Ibhloko yekhonkrithi ye-400200200mmm | I-450 i-PCS. | 45. | 20 250. |
| Isisombululo esinzima | I-1,7m3 | I-1490. | 2533. |
| I-HydrosteClool, iFimumumineous Mastic | I-18m2 | - | I-940. |
| I-Arsal, izihlangu zomsebenzi ezenziweyo kunye nezinye izinto | seta | - | I-25 420. |
| Iyonke | I-92540. | ||
| Iindonga, ukwahlula, ukugqobhoza, ukuphahla | |||
| Umsebenzi wokulungiselela, ufakelo kunye nokugcuma kwesakhiwo | seta | - | I-11 000 |
| Iindonga zokusika kunye nezihlulelo ezivela kwiiLogo | 48,5m3 | Ngama-2700. | I-130 950. |
| Ukuhlanganisa ukugqobhoza ngokubeka imiqadi, kunye nomgangatho | I-67,2m2 | 382. | I-25 670. |
| I-terrace yenkampani | seta | I-10 010. | |
| Ukudibanisa izinto zophahla ngesixhobo se-crate | I-128m2 | 319. | 40 832. |
| Ukuhlukaniswa kweendonga, i-overlap kunye ne-interdings | I-24m3 | 280. | I-6720. |
| I-Hydro, isixhobo esibonisa i-vaporizo | I-195m2. | I-76,3 | I-14 879. |
| Isixhobo esithambileyo sophahla | I-128m2 | I-240. | I-30 720. |
| Ukugcwalisa ukuvula ii-windows kunye neebhloko zecango | I-14M2. | - | 33 490. |
| Isixhobo somgangatho, ukutyala, ukugqiba kunye nomnye umsebenzi | - | - | 203 590. |
| Isisombululo se-antiseptition | I-1740m2. | Amashumi amathathu | I-52 200. |
| Iyonke | I-560060. | ||
| Izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwicandelo | |||
| Ukwakhiwa koLog | 48,5m3 | I-6000. | I-291,000 |
| Iplanga | I-18m3. | I-4200. | 75 600. |
| I-Paro-, wimi-, iifilimu ze-hydraulic | I-195m2. | - | I-13 964. |
| I-Mineral Show | I-24m3 | - | I-49 600. |
| Iibhodi zePoland | 6.1mm3 | - | 60 690. |
| I-insultiment i-insulvement, gont, izilonda | seta | - | I-36 035. |
| Uphahla oludibana "oluphezulu" kunye nezinto zokuhombisa | I-128m2 | 460. | I-58 880. |
| Iifestile zefestile kunye neminyango | I-14M2. | - | I-101 510 |
| Ukukhusela intamo yokukhusela | I-867kg | 36. | 31 212. |
| Ukugqiba kunye nezinye izinto | seta | - | 202 399. |
| Iyonke | I-9208880. | ||
| * -Contacts ezigqityiweyo ngaphandle kwe-Accounting engaphezulu, ezothutho kunye nezinye iindleko |