Ukufakwa ngokuchanekileyo

Anonim

Iziko lomoya kumagumbi ezidolophini: Ukufakwa kweenkqubo zokuqhekezwa ngokwemigaqo entsha ye-LCD RF, iziseko zofakelo olufanelekileyo lwezixhobo zemozulu.

Ukufakwa ngokuchanekileyo 13485_1

Ukuze ube nemeko yomoya kumagumbi namhlanje, ingxolo ephantsi kunye neenkqubo ezingabizi zi-Split zisetyenziswa. Ukuthandwa kwezi zixhobo kuphezulu kakhulu. Isibhedlele, ukufakelwa kwabo okungalawulekiyo ukuya kumashumi eminyaka kukhokelele ekuthandeni okubonakalayo kwimeko yezakhiwo ezininzi kwizixeko zelizwe lethu.

Ukufakwa ngokuchanekileyo

Iibhloko zangaphandle zenkqubo yeqhekeza ziqhotyoshelwe, njenge-warts, amaqula eezakhiwo ezininzi, kwaye nezikhumbuzo zoyilo azikhonkotha. Rhoqo, kuba umntu akakhuselekanga ukuba ame kufutshane ngenxa yesoyikiso sezixhobo ezihleliweyo. Ngokucacileyo, kungekudala imeko iya kutshintsha. Ukuqala ukusuka kwi-1mart2005, xa ikhowudi entsha yezindlu yamkelwa (i-verinafter ekubhekiswa kuyo njenge-whcrf), ukufaka iinkqubo ze-split kunye nezinye ii-split kunye nezinye izikhululo zomoya, kufuneka ufumane imvume yokuhlengahlengisa. I-OT, indlela i-Ssov lo mthetho, hayi ukuba bonke abantu bacinga. Uninzi lunesidima ukunyusa ubuchule bokungazithembi, ukubala kunyango oluvela kubasemagunyeni kunye nokukwazi ukulungelelanisa inkqubo esele ikho. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ityikitywe ilahleko ebalulekileyo yemali kunye ne-rati (ukuya kulwaphulo-mthetho), ngakumbi ukuba itekhnoloji yezixhobo zokufaka iqhekezwe.

Indlela esemthethweni

Ukufakwa ngokuchanekileyo
I-Air Pilirititititititititititititititititiritititirititiogitili: Kwiimeko ezinjalo ezixineneyo, ngokucacileyo azisasebenzi ... Sicebisa ukuba ulandele ngokungqongqo iimfuno ze-LCD ye-LCD ye-LCD ye-LCD ye-LCD ye-LCD ye-LCD ye-LCD ye-LCD ye-LCD ye-LCD ye-LCD ye-LCD ye-LCD ye-LCD ye-LCD ye-LCD ye-Russian Federation. Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge imeko yomoya, kunyanzelekile ukuba ufumane imvume yabasemagunyeni boburhulumente xa kufakelwa. Ewe, ngokwe-Inqaku.25skrf, ufakelo lwezixhobo zombane, kubandakanya imeko yomoya (umatshini wokuhlamba, i-Boiler.p.), ibhekisa ekuhlengahlengiswa kwendawo yokuhlala. Ngokuhambelana nenqaku.26Skrf kufuneka yenziwe ngokukodwa kulungelelwaniso nogunyaziwe wasekhaya (i-ofisi yeSithili okanye i-DVEC okanye i-DNVEC okanye i-DZ. Intaba i-air coptiitioner inelungelo kuphela ishishini elinelayisensi. Kodwa ayisiyiyo yonke loo nto. NgokweMithetho emitsha, emva kokufaka izixhobo, iKhomishini eyamkelweyo iquka abameli bonyango kunye negunya lendawo, kunye nomphathi kunye nommeli womfakeli kufuneka afakwe. IKhomishini yokuqala iqikelela ukuba umsebenzi wenziwa njani, kwaye ke isenzo sokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kofakelo okanye ukulungisa iziphoso. Kwimeko yokuqala, kuya kufuneka iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde yonke into, emva kobangela ikhomishini. Isenzo sofakelo oluzinzileyo lomoya (ukuhlengahlengiswa kwakhona) lithunyelwa kumbutho othatha izinto ezithatha izinto zepropathi yeSixeko sakho (oko kukuthi, kwi-BTI).

Umzekelo, kwikomkhulu, ukufakelwa kwendlela yomoya kufuneka ilungelelaniswe kuvavanyo lwezindlu lukaRhulumente lweMoscow (Moszhilosvilos). Yenzelwe ngurhulumente karhulumente waseMoscow. 73-PP ye-08.02.2005. Imisebenzi yequmrhu eligunyazisiweyo ekulungelelaniseni ukulungiswa kwakhona kunye nokufumana ngokutsha kwabelwe.

Ngokomhlathana 3 we-ANNEX1 yalo mgaqo, namhlanje yamkela iodolo yamanqanaba amaninzi okufumana iimvume zomoya kwizakhiwo zokuhlala.

Kwinqanaba lokuqala, kuya kufuneka ubhukishe uyilo lofakelo lwendlela yomoya kumbutho owodwa ofumana ilayisensi yolu hlobo lomsebenzi. Iprojekthi egqityiweyo iphantsi kolungelelwaniso kwinqanaba lesithili, njengommiselo, kwezi meko zilandelayo:

indawo yokuhlala kunye nolawulo lolwazi;

Inkonzo yokulwa umlilo;

Inkonzo yesohlwayo kunye ne-pidemiological;

Isakhiwo semfundo.

Ukufakwa ngokuchanekileyo
Umyili wesakhiwo ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuvunwa "ukugqibezela" kwebala kulungiselela zonke izicelo ezifanelekileyo kwaye uwangenisa kwi "yenkonzo enye", kwaye ubuninzi Emva kweminyaka engama-45 yeentsuku ukusuka kwi "Windows" enye kufuneka kubekhona isigqibo esifanelekileyo seMoszhilius kwithuba lokufaka i-moya, okanye ukungaphumeleli. Kwimeko yokuqala, unokuqhubeka kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nenkampani yokufaka, okwesibini, okanye ukwala ukuthenga, okanye kuyenze kumngcipheko wakho.

Ukulala esibhedlele, kwabo sele befakile imeko yomoya ngaphambi kokungena kwe-ZHCRF (ukuya kwi-1Mart ", akubanga njalo), akubanga sisisombululo sale ngxaki. Umzekelo, kwikomkhulu, ngokungqinelana nommiselo worhulumente waseMoscow Nomb. 883-PP DATE 15.11.2005. I-Moskliline-Imifanekiso inikezelwa kwizakhiwo zokuhlala zenziwe kwizakhiwo zokuhlala, ukuba azikho Ukwaphula amalungelo kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo labemi kwaye lenza isoyikiso kubomi babo nakwimpilo. Ukuba ufakelo lweenziweyo kube kanye aluphumeleli, i-condioner yomoya kuya kufuneka ichithwe. Nangona kunjalo, akuyomfuneko ukuba ndiphelelwe lithemba kule meko. Ukuba awufuni ukuhlala ngaphandle kwenkqubo yemozulu, kukho ukhetho lokuthenga ii-condiors zomoya, ukufumana imvume yokufaka kunokuba lula. Unokusebenzisa ubuchule ekungekho mvume kuyo yonke (umzekelo, ii-computer zefowuni).

Ukulungiswa ngokutsha kwendawo yokuhlala (Ukufakwa kwenkqubo eyahlukileyo) kunokukhokelela ekuphulukani kwamalungelo asemthethweni abamelwane bakho okanye kubemi bamanye amazwe okanye isoyikiso sobomi babo kunye nempilo. Ke kuya kufuneka unoxanduva ngokuhambelana nomthetho.

Umngcipheko kunye neziphumo zayo

Ukufakwa ngokuchanekileyo
Ukufakwa kweNdibano yoMoya kwiNdibano ye "Wild" yeNdibano yasePright Brigas: Ngaphandle kokungabi nakukona, ukonakaliswa kwaye kungakhuselekanga kakhulu

Ukungazi komthetho asisosizathu. Ukuba ufezekisa ukwenziwa ngokutsha kwendawo yokuhlala, ngenxa yoko amalungelo kunye nezinto ezinomdla kubamelwane bakho okanye zakwamanye amazwe ziya kwaphulwa okanye, nto leyo imbi ngakumbi, emva koko ulungiselele izisa isohlwayo kuwo wonke umphetho woMthetho. Kule meko, ulinde uxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho (Masithi ukuba ibhloko yangaphandle iwela kwintloko yabantu abadlula ngendlela, eyakhokelela kwimiphumo emibi). Okanye ilahleko yemali, ethi, nangona kunjalo, ingaba ibaluleke kakhulu kunendleko zokulungelelanisa ukwenziwa ngokutsha, okuya kukunceda wenze nayiphi na inkampani (eMoscow, iinkonzo zixabisa i-ruble yamawaka ali-18.). Ngeli xesha, kwezinye iindawo kulo lonke ixesha lokusebenza kwezobuchwephesha, nokuba imbi kakhulu kwaye ifakwe ngokukhawuleza, kuwe amabango, akukho mntu unokunxibelelana naye. I-ALO, ezi zezona zinto ziyinyani zaseRussia ...

Ngokwe-teri.25skrf, ufakelo lwendawo yokuthathwa komoya kukuhlengahlengiswa kwendawo yokuhlala. Ngokuhambelana ne Article.26Whkrf, kufuneka yenziwe Ngokuququzelela igunya yasekuhlaleni self-government (kunye sakhona okanye ulawulo wesithili okanye isixeko, kodwa hayi JVEC okanye DEZ).

Iteknoloji i-likbez

Ukufakwa ngokuchanekileyo
Le ndlu yakhiwa kungekudala, kodwa 'ubuso' buyekile ziibhloko zangaphandle ze-moya. Ukuba, ngokuchasene nezilumkiso zenkolo, usandula ukugqiba kwelokuba uqwalasele imeko yomoya, kwi ubuncinci sithatha ngononophelo kangangoko kunombuzo wokukhetha ifayili. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ngoku kukho amaChartali embalwa ethengisa emarikeni engazi neziseko zofakelo olufanelekileyo lwezixhobo zemozulu. Ngokukodwa kufuneka ukuba wenze "ixesha eliphezulu", eshiywe, xa kukho amashumi eentengiso ezivela "zasendle" (oko kukuthi, akuhambelani nakuphi na ukusebenza ngokuqinileyo) ukufaka i-air conditioner amandla. Uninzi lwabo banxibelelana esichengeni nabasebenzi, bayazisola. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, nyusela iinkampani ezinelayisensi yokufaka ii-air condioners.

Asiyi kuziqhelanisa netekhnoloji yokufakwa kweenkqubo zahlulwe zale mihla. Nceda uqaphele ukuba neengcali ezinobuchule, ukusindisa ixesha, amandla okanye izixhobo, ngamanye amaxesha ukwaphula intsingiselo yenkqubo yobugcisa, enokuthi ibonakalise umgangatho wokufakwa komgangatho womoya wakho.

Khumbula (kwaye kwabo bangazi, masizise) inkqubo yokuqhekeka iqulethe iibhloko ezimbini. Enye yazo ifakwe kwigumbi elivulekileyo okanye elifihlakeleyo, emva komsila wecala. Eyesibini iqukumbela esona sixhobo sinengxolo (ngenkangeleko efana nesutikheyisi)-ifakwe ngaphandle kwendlu. Iibhloko ziqhagamshelwe kwezinye iityhubhu, ezijikeleza i-freon, kunye nonxibelelwano lombane. Ukulawula indawo yomoya, njengommiselo, ibhulethini isetyenziswa phantse ngokufanayo neTV. Ukuchonga indawo yokufakelwa kweebhloko zangaphakathi nangaphandle zenkqubo yokuqhekeka kufuneka ibe yingcali yengcali (njengommiselo, lo ngumphathi woyilo owenze ukuthenga).

Ukuba ayikho enye indawo yokufaka inkqubo ye-sprept, ngaphandle kwendawo yekhaya lakho, zama ukuphuma kwindawo efanelekileyo. Umzekelo, faka imibala kwibhloko yangaphandle ngombala wodonga lokwakha. Ipeyinti efanelekileyo ye-atmossic ye-atmospic iya kwenza ukuba ifowuni iphantse ihambelane.

Ukufakwa ngokuchanekileyo
Iiseli ze-anti-vendal ye-air conditioners Indawo yebhloko engaphakathi Khetha kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimfuno zomsebenzi kunye neempawu zejometri yegumbi. Kufanele ukuba yenziwe ukuze ibhloko ayifakwanga ukuvezwa ngokutsha komswakama, ilanga kunye neminye imithombo yobushushu ukuze umoya ugcwalise umoya, kwaye iinjineli zenkonzo yayilungele ukuhlengahlengisa i-covitioner kunye nezolondolozo yendawo yomoya. Kubalulekile ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba i-prochegasti isuswe kwiyunithi ye-Indoor ukuba ilunge kakhulu kwinethiwekhi ye-Sewage yendlu.

Ibhloko engaphandle Ngendlela enjalo ngexesha lomsebenzi angazange abaphazamise abamelwane, kwaye okufudumeleyo egumbini akafundanga "setha kwakhona" kwindalo esingqongileyo. Eyona nto iphambili kukuba ubuchwephesha kunye nendlela yokwakha yesakhiwo kwaye akukho zimpawu zigqithiwe njengobude obuphezulu bemibhobho yefriji, ukuphakama phakathi kweebhloko zangaphandle nezangaphakathi.

Ukulungiselela ukungazithumeli izixhobo kwi-factal yendawo yokwakha, kwezinye iimeko kuya kusengqiqweni ukuseka iyunithi yangaphandle kumgangatho we-loggia. Apha ayiyi kutsala izimvo zakho ngokwakhe, kwaye uya kufumana ezona meko ziphumeleleyo zobukho. I-AVT kwiLoggia evaliweyo ye-Air conditioner iya kuba kwimeko engathandekiyo: ngenxa yokutshintshiselana ngobushushu obusezantsi, kunokukhokelela kuphazamiseka kakhulu, ekungasebenziyo kwi ukusebenza kwezixhobo kunye nokungalunganga. I-Lictus ekhethekileyo yeTekhnoloji kunye ne-balkonies yezobuchwephesha isandula kwakhelwe indawo yomoya. Kulapha apho umbutho wokwakha osebenza uvumela iibhloko zangaphandle zeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuqhekezwa.

Ukufakwa ngokuchanekileyo
Namhlanje, ngaphambi kokufaka inkqubo ye-split, i-entenna yesatellite okanye i-balcony i-balcony, iyimfuneko ukufumana imvume kubaphathi belizwe ukuba ayikho enye indawo yokufaka i-moya, emva koko ibhetele ukuphuma kwesikhundla ngokuchaneka okuphezulu. Masithi, thabatha kwaye upeyinta iyunithi yangaphandle ngombala wodonga lokwakha. Ipeyinti ekhethiweyo ye-thamospic efanelekileyo kukuvumela ukuba wenze isixhobo kwindawo ye-face phantse ayinyanzelekanga. Umbala weebhloko zangaphandle kumbala oyimfuneko uphethe inani leenkampani zemozulu ezisebenza kwimarike ye-moscow. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nto inemilinganiselo kule nkqubo, abantu abangenalo amava bayakwazi ukujongana nayo ngokupheleleyo. Ixabiso eliqikelelweyo lombala womzimba we-air comoner kumbala we-faide - $ 100.

Isixhobo sekhompyutha singcono ukuba singamonyuli iyunithi yangaphandle apho umoya ophambili ubhekiswa kwindawo yomoya (ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-fan), kunye necala elithe tye (ilanga elithe nkqo lelanga linokukhuthaza ukukhusela Ukukhubaza isixhobo ngenxa yokugxeka) kwaye kufutshane nemithi (iilitha zeflibhu). Akuvumelekanga ukufaka iibhloko zangaphandle emhlabeni nakwiindawo ezinokuthi zigutyungelwe likhephu, i-hlabang, amanzi amdaka, apho kuxhomekeke kwimibhobho yegesi (ngakumbi, kufutshane nemibhobho yegesi ebekelwe khona Inqanaba lomgangatho wesibini kwiindonga zezakhiwo ezifakelweyo.).

Akukho tyala akufuneki libekwe iyunithi yangaphandle kwisiseko esiyintloko, umzekelo kudonga lwesitena esinqabileyo okanye isinyithi esincinci. I-harness yesakhiwo senkxaso phantse iba ngunobangela wengxolo enkulu, ethatha amandla amaninzi kwaye kuthetha ukuphelisa. Kukho iimeko xa inzima (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80kg) ibhloko yangaphandle yawela kwindlela yendlela okanye ecaleni kwendlela. Ukuthintela iingxaki ezifanayo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulahle indawo yokusetyenziswa kwe-fragle yokutya, kunye nezibiyeli zasekhaya ezingahambelani nomthwalo we-anchers.

Kukho enye indlela!

Ukufakwa ngokuchanekileyo

Ukufakwa ngokuchanekileyo

Masithi akunakwenzeka ukuba ufaka inkqubo eyahlukileyo kwindlu, kuba akukho ndawo yeyunithi yangaphandle kwi-foude. Nangona kunjalo, ukungabikho kokupholisa ehlotyeni uziva ngokupheleleyo. Kule meko, unokucebisa ngezinye izixhobo eziya kuthi zingachaphazeli imbonakalo yendlu. Phakathi kwezona zisombululo zifikelelekayo (ezingafaniyo, nangona kunjalo, ukuthuthuzela kakhulu) siya kufowunela imeko ye-monoblocks.

Ukufakwa ngokuchanekileyo
I-hose yomoya eshukumayo ikhutshwa kwiwindows yokufowuna (a). Akukabinayo ngokwezoqoqosho ngokwendlela yokuphola okanye ukufudumeza umoya ngaphakathi. Kungcono ukusika umngxunya ococekileyo kwi-glazi kwaye ufaka ivalve ye-air (b) kwisixhobo abafana kakhulu kwi-air conditioners moya, kunye nokuphuma kwefestile "kunye ne I-duct yomoya ukuya kwi-5m, enokuqhagamshelwa eludongeni eludongeni, iwindow okanye, ekugqibeleni, ibeka ngendlela uninzi lwabemi benzayo). Le meko ye-moya yomoya ayisiyo yocingo lomoya wangaphandle, kodwa isebenzise ubushushu. I-Command Air conditiors ngokwayo isekwe kwi-recyling epheleleyo. Zikhululekile kakhulu ngokuhamba rhoqo - "i-rocroclive" yokuhamba nawe (umzekelo, kwilizwe).

Ukusukela nakweyiphi na ikhomishini yomoya, i-compressor iphakathi kweempawu zangaphakathi, kwaye iimpawu zayo zengxolo zisondele kwizalathiso zebhloko zangaphandle, abavelisi bayathandabuza kakhulu ukubiza ixabiso labo. Ngesi sizathu, xa uthenga, qiniseka ukuba uvavanya isixhobo kwisantya esiphezulu se fan. Fumana ubungakanani bomququzeleli we-quenclourta (kwi-monoblocks). Ukuba incinci kakhulu, kuya kufuneka udibanise amanzi rhoqo kwiiyure ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Kukwakufanelekile ukunika ingqalelo kubungakanani kunye nobunzima bezixhobo, kuba zichaphazela ithuba layo eliphambili lokuhamba.

Ukufakwa ngokuchanekileyo
Enye i-moya Iibhloko zangaphakathi nangaphandle ziqhagamshelwe Ngomngxunya eludongeni ngemibhobho ngefriji kunye ne-wiring yombane. Umngxunya uyadinwa yiforayitha ene-bromide ibekwe kwi-45-70mm. Kwangelo xesha, ukufakelwa kufuneka kuthathelwe isilumkiso esikhethekileyo, kuba iindonga zinokubekwa eludongeni, iindonga zombane, kunye neziko legesi. Umngxunya uhlala usenziwa kunye nokukhetha okungaphandle kwenkululeko engaweli egumbini ngexesha lemvula. Imisebenzi kufuneka yenziwe ngoncedo lwesixhobo soqeqesho ukusuka kumacala amabini, omnye komnye. Kunye "neeCleenes" kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo zosuku olunye (ezithi, ngelishwa, zinyamalala ngaphandle komkhondo ekupheleni kwexesha, kunye nethemba lomthengi wenkonzo yasimahla) musa ukuthobela le meko. Ke ngoko, i-chole enkulu idla ngokuyiswa ekuphumeni kweBorah endle edongeni.

Isixhobo somoya womoya sixhomekeke ikakhulu kwindlela oobhedu benyuka ngayo. Ukubuk 'iindwendwe, umntu ongengobuchwephesha kunzima ukulawula ikhosi yokuphunyezwa kwezi zenzo, ngaphandle, ukutshata zibonakalisa kuphela emva kwexesha elithile.

Ukufakwa ngokuchanekileyo
Kwizindlu ezinenkqubo yemeko yomoya ephakathi, i-face icocekile: Ii-coils zomoya (ii-coils zomoya) zibeka kuphela kwigumbi lokuhlala kuphela, ezinye iimpawu zinokugwetywa ngokufakwa komgangatho. Umzekelo, xa ufaka i-air copener, imibhobho yobhedu engenamthungo kufuneka isetyenziswe kuphela kunokuba ubukhulu obuchazwe kwimiyalelo yomvelisi. Ukusika i-truborez esetyenzisiweyo. Ukusika imibhobho enomthendeleko awunakuba yi-chips yentsimbi ewele kumphezulu wangaphakathi wonxibelelwano freon kuya kukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwe-compressor xa i-quationer yomoya. Ukongeza, i-hacksaw ayinikezi ngokugqibeleleyo, oko kuthetha ukuba ayivumeli umgangatho wokucoca imiphetho kwaye iphose iityhubhu eziphelweni kunye nokuqengqeleka. Ukuqhubekeka okungalunganga kwemiphetho kunye neroller kukhokelela ekuvusweni kwegesi kunye nokusilela ekusebenzeni komoya. Ukuthintela amathuba, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-bender ye-pubile ngokutshintsha umbhobho. Nokuba yeyiphi na imodeli yomoya, imibhobho kufuneka ifakwe ngokwahlukeneyo. Ukungabikho kokufakwa kwe-insulfazane kungqinelwa ngembonakalo yokucofa kumphezulu wombhobho kunye nokulahleka kwamandla.

Xa ufaka i-elektrocable kunye ne-piholi ye-piholi Iingxaki ezizodwa azihlali. Nangona kunjalo, kukufanele ukuqinisekisa ukuba icandelo lentambo kunye neeparamitha ezenziwe ngepaneli yombane kwiflomu yeflethi ihambelana ne-moya, kwaye zonke izixhobo zombane ziqiniswe. Ukongeza, i-hose ye-hagege kufuneka inyuswe ngaphandle kwamathuba kunye nokuphulukana. Imibhobho, iingcingo zombane kunye ne-Drain hose kumacala omabini egumbini anomoya aqhagamshelwe, emva koko asongelwe ngokuqinisa iRibbon kwicala elingaphantsi elingaphezulu. Kwimeko, le "bhanti" ibekwe ebhokisini, emva kokuba umngxunya eludongeni ugcwaliswa ngobushushu (i-foam enyukayo). Umkhonto kufuneka uphathwe ngononophelo, oko kufakelwa ngokusikekayo kunye nokufakelwa ngokungakhathali, kunokubandezeleka ngakumbi okanye ukubonakala kweendonga zangaphandle.

Iifayili zovavanyo lweemvavanyo ngaphambi kokunikezela. Ukumisela ombane kwi womnatha, ukusetyenziswa amandla air conditioner, uxinzelelo refrigerant, linganisa iqondo lobushushu ugwebu nokukhupha evela unit ngaphakathi, bathela kokufaka okanye refrigerant nenala.

Uvavanyo Izixhobo kuzo zonke iindlela zomodiweyo zenziwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba iqale. Kwangelo xesha, i-voltage kwinethiwekhi, ukuselwa kwaMandla kwi-Air Poistitioner, uxinzelelo lwefriji, iqondo lobushushu kwigalelo kunye ne-Outlet kwiyunithi ye-Indoor ilinganiswa. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, yenza i-Wuteling okanye i-friendranting. Kuphela kusemva kokuba ugqibe zonke ezi nkqubo, i-qualitioner yomoya ifakwa kumthengi.

Funda ngokugqithisileyo