Iimeko eziphambili zokumba imingxunya phantsi kokubekwa kwentambo yamandla ziqhutywa usebenzisa i-compressor kunye ne-jackemmer, kunye ne-jackammer, kunye nomsebenzi
Intambo ayikhethi cala kwi-bay, okanye kwi-coil kwi trailer yefowuni
Iindinyana zentambo zitywinwa zityhutywe ngohlobo lwe-teaces lolona tywina (iRyChem) egqunywe ngetywina. Xa ukutshitshiswa kwetywina kwenza ukungena kwamanzi
Xa ukuthobela itekhnoloji yokufaka ye-Coupling yolunye uhlobo, ukuqina konxibelelwano lwentambo ixesha elide kuqinisekisiwe. Ukufakelwa kwe-click clutch ilula kakhulu
Ngokwesiko, itywina lokungena lwekhephu lenziwa ngumxube wesanti, isamente kunye nodongwe.
I-culls ye-gel isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa, ukulungisa isebe kunye nokulungisa iintambo nge-inshulensi yeplastiki ngaphandle kwe-Armor (Chwetheza i-vg, i-AVV, N (a) yby idr.). I-silicone gel inesifo esihle kunye ne-hydrostation
Ukwakhiwa kwentambo yokudibanisa "Inkqubela phambili"
Ukusetyenziswa kombane kwicandelo lendawo yokuhlala nganye kuyakhula ngeminyaka nonyaka. Uphuhliso lwezobugcisa lwamva nje luza kutshintshiselwano lwendlela yokuziphatha kunye neyebuchwephesha ye-cable, ivumela ukunyusa umgangatho, ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yombane, yandisa ubomi beenkonzo zabo
Intambo. Eyiphi?
Umbane ungena endlwini kwiingcingo zomgca wokuhambisa ngombane okanye ngentambo ibekwe emhlabeni. Ungangenisa njani umbane kwikhaya okanye intambo, isombulula umbutho obonelela umbutho ngolungelelwaniso nomnini wendawo yokuhlala. Inzala yomfundi kukuba uluhlu lwesiko lwanamhlanje lweentambo zanamhlanje luhlaziywa luhlanjululwe kwiimpawu ezintsha, ezona mpawu zibalulekileyo zokwazi ukwahlula kwiiprototypes. Iindlela zokubeka kwindlu yeentambo kunye neengcingo ezivela kwi-Speciemer epheleleyo (KTP) okanye i-Pilot Translamer, ukufumana unxibelelwano lwentambo lutshintshiwe.
Ukufakwa kwentambo kumbane kwisakhiwo akuvumela ukuba wenze ngaphandle kwe-Wood okanye iKhonkrithi ixhasa okungapheliyo kwimbonakalo yomhlaba. Kwangelo xesha, oku kubiza kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yokufaka umoya kwizindlu zombane. Ukongeza, kude kube kutsha nje, amangenelo e-Cable ngokunyaniseka ebengaphantsi komoya. I-voltage ephantsi nephakathi kwe-voltage (i-1-10 kV) yoyilo lwemveli lusabela kakubi kwi-acidity kunye nokuqiniswa komswakama komhlaba, kwimijikelezo yenkunkuma kunye nomhlaba ohleliweyo. Ukumamela ukuqhekezwa kunye nokuphazamiseka kwentambo yokuqina kwephepha elifakwe iphepha (BP) kunye ne-Polyviny ye-Polyvinyl Cyvinyl (PVC) kwakufuneka itshintshelwe kwiindawo ukuya kwi-20m ubude (ixesha lokufuma kwakudala. Ukungancedisi kweentambo nge-poltitleedylene i-pollethylene i-pollethylene i-pollethylene i-pollethylene i-willyethylene Ke ngoko, abathengi babonisa le nto namhlanje kwiintambo zesizukulwana esitsha njengenzalo efanayo ne-wire yokuxhasa igalelo le-moya. Phantse zonke izityalo zeprofayili eRussia zibandakanyeka ekukhutshelweni kweentambo zamandla kumgangatho we-trense kwindlu, inani lamashishini eUkraine. Phakathi kwawo ngamashishini amakhulu anjenge-CJSC "isityalo se-Moskabel", i-OjSc "i-Electrocal", i-Ojcc "i-Irkutskabel", i-CJSC "lOrutskal" Iimveliso ezisemgangathweni eziphezulu zinikezelwa kwilizwe lethu ukusuka eFinland (I-Insto) naseFrance (neXans).
I-1-ll; 2 -Ukuhlala yedwa; Ezi-3.
4 Phawuzeni phantsi kwezikrweqe; I-Tromor; Isigqubuthelo esi-6; I-7- inqanaba lodwa 8- ugcobo oluzalisekayo oluzalisayo;
Ulwakhiwo lwentambo yeplastiki:
I-1- i-veins ehleliweyo; Inqanaba lesibini lokuzahlula; I-3- polymer yehell; 4- Gcwalisa iziko; 5- umqondweni wekrmore; I-6 romor; I-7- ngaphandle kwe-pokrov
Yintoni enomdla kwi-cariver yabucala ye-curvers ngedwa ivela kwi-Sp? Okokuqala, igama elithi "iPolythylene" ifanele ichazwe. I "Studing" ye-Polythylene luphawu lwalo lomzimba kunye nonyango lwekhemikhali kwinqanaba lemolekyuli, elonyusa iimpawu zombane kunye noomatshini bokufakelwa, nto leyo enciphisa i-hygroscoficity, eyandisa uluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu asebenzayo. Uyilo lweekali zevolthi ye-voltage ephantsi nephakathi nephakathi kunye ne-PTE kwi-PTE, ibonelela ngobukho bobhedu okanye i-aluminium inshurensi eyenziwe ukusuka kwenye okanye ngaphezulu, i-wiore ejijekileyo yecandelo lomjikelo okanye elijijekileyo lecandelo lomjikelo okanye elijijekileyo. Ukufakwa kwe-zero kwahlala kwenziwa ngemithambo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imithambo ephantsi ipeyintwe kwindibaniselwano yemibala eluhlaza kunye netyheli. Iintambo zenza ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu nezindlu. Zinemithambo yecandelo elifanayo okanye enye ephila kwicandelo elincinci lomnqamlezo (zero okanye ukuphakama) kwiikhabhathi ezine eziphambili. Iingubo ezixineneyo zijijekile kwi-core ejikeleze i-PVC yePlaysi yePlanethi yePVC okanye irabha engafunekiyo, ethatha ifom eyimfuneko ngexesha lentambo i-jitha kwaye itywina ubude. Phezu kwawo amathambo ajijekileyo, kukho i-interfayili yasesinqeni evela ePolyethylene, iPlasitiki ye-PVC okanye i-PVC encinci engagcwaliswanga ngokuzaliswa kwerabha ngokuzaliswa kwezithuba eziphakathi kwabaqhubi. Ngamanye amaxesha i-Belt Bheation yi-Sheement ezimbini: Umaleko wangaphakathi womxube werabha ongenamkhethe, i-polythylene okanye iplastiki yePVC. Oku kulandelayo kufanele ukuba kube sisiciko esikhuselayo kwiithayile ezimbini zentsimbi ezibekiweyo ukuze i-proplap ephezulu ibambe izithuba phakathi kweengcebiso ezisezantsi. Ukugqitywa kwengqekembe sisithsaba esikhuselayo, sakhutshwa kwi-polyethylene.
Itheyibhile engezantsi iqinisekisa ukuba i-voltage ye-voltage ephantsi nephakathi kwi-est kwi-est xa kuthelekiswa neentambo kwi-BP ye-BP inezinto ezahlukeneyo. Le yigalelo elikhulu (15-30%) ngokukhulisa ubushushu obuvumelekileyo beveyini, ezona mpawu zombane kunye noomatshini bokungazithembi, ukunyuka kwamandla, ukunyusa iradius, i-radius, i-radius, i-radius, i-radius, i-radius, i-radius, i-radius, i-radius, i-radius, i-radius, i-radius, i-radius, i-radius, i-radius, i-radius, i-radius, i-radius, i-radius i-A Umahluko ongenamda kunye namaqondo obushushu angezantsi -20 ngaphandle kokuhamba, ubunzima obuncinci kunye nentambo ngokubanzi.
Iimpawu ze-cubs zamandla kunye nokufakelwa kwi-SPRE kunye ne-BP kwi-BP kunye ne-PVC i-Incy kwi-1 kV
| Iiparamitha | Nsi | Bp | I-pvc |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iqondo lokushisa elihlala lihlala lihleli, kunye | 90. | I-80. | 70. |
| Iqondo lobushushu elivumelekileyo xa lisebenza kwimodi yexesha likaxakeka (i-6h), kunye | I-130. | I-105. | I-80. |
| Iqondo lobushushu elifakwe kwisekethe elifutshane, kunye | I-250. | 200. | I-160. |
| Imithwalo evumelekileyo yangoku ngokuxhomekeka kwicandelo le-vein,% | I-120-125 | I-105-110 | I-100 |
| Isihlobo seDelectrive Desika | I-2,3. | 4.0 | 4.5 |
| Ukunganyangeki kwevolumo elithile, i-Om. i-CM | I-1016. | I-1013. | I-1013. |
| I-tangent engle yelahleko yediski | 0.001. | I-0.008. | 0,01 |
| Ubuncinci beqondo lokushisa elivunyelweyo ngaphandle kokuhambahamba, kunye | -20 (ye-APVBSP) -15 (kwezinye intambo) | 0 | -Shumi elinantlanu |
| Ubuncinci be-radius (i-DH- dibleer ye-DHER) | 7.5.DH. | I-15 le-15 le-shebs kwiqokobhe elikhokelayo) 25.Dh (kwi-cable eseleyo) | 7.5.DH. |
| Umahluko kwinqanaba kumkhondo we-gasket, m | Ngaphandle kwezithintelo | Shumi elinantlanu | Ngaphandle kwezithintelo |
Luhlobo luni lweebhampuphu ze-cable kufuneka zisetyenziselwe igalelo lombane kwizindlu ezizodwa? Intambo ye-PVP, i-APP, i-PVP kunye ne-appp inokungaqhelekanga phantsi komhlaba ngaphandle kwenqanaba lomsebenzi wosulelo. Ukuba iimveliso zine-indices eyongezelelweyo "g" kunye "ne-2G", zilungele ukulala emhlabeni nangamanzi, zixhomekeke kumanyathelo angabandakanyi umthombo wombane. I-PVV ye-PVV yeentambo, i-ATV, i-PVVANG-LS *, i-APC-LS yenzelwe ukuhlalisa imihlaba eyomileyo (entlabathini, isanti kunye nomhlaba oqhelekileyo onama-14%). Ukungabikho kwengozi yomonakalo woomatshini emhlabeni, iintambo zibekwe kwindawo yeplastiki ye-AVVG, VG, kunye ne-Apbbssh, i-Apbbb, i-PVBBSH, ukuba imihlaba ayinakuphindezela kwaye ingangxami. Kuwo nawuphi na umhlaba ngaphandle kwezithintelo, intambo ye-WBBSH ifanelekile. Iimpawu ezidwelisiweyo zeentambo zikhuliswe ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo umahluko kumanqanaba omhlaba. Kwi-gasket engaphantsi komhlaba, iintambo zamandla nge-inshunshini yephepha, ifakwe i-proporation engacacanga isasetyenziswa. Cammake medium umhlwa eliphezulu umsebenzi ukuzolula iintambo ezintathu-core CAASHV, CAAB2L, TsASBL, ZASB2L, TsASBB, umsebenzi ngokudleka eliphantsi neliphakathi ne - Caçabl, TsAB, CSB, TSSBL. I-analog yemveliso yeefemu zangaphandle ineelebheli, ihambelana nokwahlulahlula iintambo ezamkelwe eRussia.
Iintambo zenzelwe ukuhanjiswa kunye nokusasazwa kombane ezinokubekwa emhlabeni
Ukubeka iintambo
Ihle njani i-cable yamandla? Kwiimeko ezininzi, bavavanywa kwiNdlu eneendlela zetrapfutshane, kwimibhobho okanye ngaphandle kwazo, ngokuhambelana nemithetho yokufakelwa kombane "kunye neemeko zokusebenza zombane" kunye neemeko zokusebenza kwezomoya. Intambo yentambo yentsimbi yenziwa isebenzisa isitokhwe sentambo okanye i-Wedge ibamba i-core equkayo. Amandla avumelekileyo kwintambo yentambo ngexesha le-Strip engaphezulu kwe-30 h / mm2 kwizitiya ze-aluminium kunye ne-50 N / MM2 ukuze i-Popper. Kwangelo xesha, ubuncinci be-radical yentsimbi yentambo kufuneka ubuncinci ibe yi-15 dh (7.5, xa ufaka usebenzisa itemplate ekhethekileyo), inani lezigoda azikho ngaphezulu kobude bentambo. Ngaphandle kokufudumeza ngaphambi kokufudumeza, iintambo zifakwe kumaqondo obushushu ukuya kwi-PVP, i-APP, i-PVPU, i-APM kunye ne-ATM ye-PVV, i-ATV ye-PVVG-ls kunye ne-APVG-ls. Kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi, intambo kufuneka igqitywe kwigumbi elifudumeleyo kwiqondo lobushushu le-2720 ubuncinci imini okanye efudumeleyo kwiDrum ngokubetha umoya oshushu.Lunjani unxibelelwano lweentambo phakathi kwabo, yintoni kwaye ikhusela njani iindawo ezihlanganisiweyo eziphantsi komhlaba? Ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla angaphazamiseki ekhaya, le ngxaki ibaluleke kakhulu. Ungaqhagamshela kunye neentambo zesebe zeentlobo ngeentlobo nezitampu, kunye neentambo kunye neentambo zegalelo lomoya, ukuba kukho imfuneko. Uqhagamshelo lwentambo kunye namasebe atywinwa kunye nokuhlangana. Babengamaqhekeza ebanzi. Le ndlela ilungile, kodwa lixesha lokuthatha ixesha; Ukuphakamisa, ukutshisa igesi kwaye izixhobo ziyafuneka. I-shutches ezibandayo ezibandayo zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiimeko zentsimi, ngokungabikho kwesixhobo esifunayo. I-gel kunye neendlela zokuhlawula amafutha kulula kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa kwaye zithembekile, kodwa iNdlela, ngaphandle, ukugcinwa kwabo kuncitshisiwe. Ukutywina kwentambo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zokufakelwa, kunyulwa iziko elihambelana.
Kuzo zonke iimeko, iziphelo zentengiso eziqhankqalaziweyo zinomdla ngokukhuselekileyo kwisinxibelelanisi sensimbi kunye neebhendi ezimbini eziphazamisayo. Ngokweetekhnoloji ze-shormal shrintage, yonke indawo yokuchwetheza iphinda ihleli kwityhubhu yeplastiki equlathe i-GLUER: Xa ishushu ibhulethi iyenza umxube nge-farmetic. Kulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo lwezinto ezihlanganisiweyo ezihambelana nazo phakathi kwabo, izithuba ezihlanganisiweyo zeplastiki ezihlanganiswe nge-mastic-diectric. Izikrini zentambo zentsimbi zinxulunyaniswa ne-ribbon yomhlaba wesinyithi ngokuthengisa okanye ngoomatshini. Ukukhusela ukuphazamiseka kombane, indawo yoqhagamshelo ikhuselwe nge-foil. Ukongeza, abafake abafakelayo baphumeze iseti yamanyathelo okusasaza amandla okuba amasindili abasebenza, ukuba bakwazi ukwahlula i-cores yokwahlulwa kwentambo (ukuba i-oyile kunye ne-rosin) isetyenzisiwe Phakathi kwabaqhubi kwaye bakuphelise ukubakho komswakama kunye neegesi ukuya kwindawo yonxibelelwano. Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa iiteyiphu zefayili, tywina i-mastic kunye nemikhono.
Ngokwetekhnoloji ye-shrinkige ebandayo, i-coupling itywinwe kwintambo ngenxa yemozulu "molecular", enezixhobo zeplastiki. Emva kwemeko yokusebenza, i-nozzles coples ibanjiwe ngaphakathi ukusuka kwi-shrinkad enentsimbi okanye ngeplastiki. Emva kwentloko yokudibanisa kwiingca ezithethiweyo zentambo kunye nokuzalisekiswa kwengqondo efanelekileyo, i-spirals ishenxisiwe, kwaye i-clutch ihleli ngokucacileyo. Itekhnoloji isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwizixhobo ze-voltage ephantsi njengokufaka i-tubes, i-couples, i-adapls yokuhlawula i-adaptha kunye nokutyhilwa kwentambo.
Ixesha elide elivumelekileyo langoku leentambo zentambo ezivela kwi-Speicks kwinethiwekhi kunye ne-voltage ye-1.3 ne-6 kv
| Icandelo eliLawulayo liye lahlala, mm | Imithwalo ende evumelekileyo yangoku yentambo, kwaye | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kunye nezindlu zobhedu | Ngezindlu ze-aluminium | |||||||
| Emhlabeni | Emoyeni | Emhlabeni | Emoyeni | |||||
| Nye; I-3 KV. | I-6 kv. | Nye; I-3 KV. | I-6 kv. | Nye; I-3 KV. | I-6 kv. | Nye; I-3 KV. | I-6 kv. | |
| 10 | 87. | 78. | 76. | 75. | 67. | 62. | 58. | 58. |
| Shumi elinesthandathu | I-113. | I-104. | I-101. | 99. | 87. | 78. | 78. | 75. |
| 25. | I-147. | 138. | 133. | I-128. | I-113. | I-102. | I-102. | 99. |
| 35. | 178. | 166. | 164. | 157. | 137. | 124. | 126. | 122. |
| Amashumi amahlanu | 217. | Ngo-198. | 205. | Ngo-191. | 166. | I-147. | 158. | I-145. |
| 70. | 268. | 243. | 262. | 244. | 201. | 181. | Ngo-194. | I-180. |
| 95. | 316. | 294. | 318. | 296. | I-240. | I-220. | 237. | I-220. |
| I-120. | 363. | 333. | 372. | 348. | 272. | 249. | 274. | 255. |
| I-150. | I-410. | 378. | I-429. | I-389. | I-310. | 282. | I-317. | 290. |
| 185. | 459. | I-429. | 488. | 447. | I-384. | 322. | 363. | 336. |
| I-240. | I-529. | 503. | I-579. | I-534. | 401. | 278. | 428. | I-400. |
Itekhnoloji isebenzisa ukuthambisa (ukugcwalisa i-Couples). Rychem (Germany), "3m" (CSH), Ensto (Finland) baye basungula uqhagamshelwano indlela intambo kunye nokuhlangana ezele gel okanye ezimbaxa. Inkampani "3M" ivelisa uluhlu olubanzi lokudibanisa kunye nokusebenzisa isebe (umzekelo, ukufaka iintambo kwisakhiwo, ukukhanya kwangaphandle, njl. Njl.) Ukucocwa kwe-filter ye-filtage ye-filtage ye-cable. Izindlu zokudibanisa izindlu zilungisiwe kwindawo yonxibelelwano / yesebe. Ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokugcwaliswa, amacandelo equmba axutywa kwicandelo lesibini, elivaliweyo. Ngentamo ekhethekileyo, ukwakhiwa okugqityiweyo kuthululelwa kwindawo yokuhlala edibanisa, apho kuye kwavunwa ngenxa yokuphendula kwemichiza. Unxibelelwano lwanele ukulala ngomhlaba, kwaye intambo ikulungele ukusebenza. Izixhobo ze-Bay ezinemizimba ebonakalayo ikuvumela ukuba ujonge inkqubo yokugcwalisa iqula. Xa zifakiwe, ayikho, ayikho igesi, igesi eyenzakalisayo eyenziwa ngexesha lokuncitshiswa kwe-thermal. I-complateaund yecandelo eliyinxalenye iphawuleka ngokuxhathisa kakhulu kwiikhemikhali, amandla omatshini kunye nokuxhathisa ubushushu obuqulekwe emhlabeni. I-filler clbecches isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa zonke iintlobo zeentambo, kubandakanya i-interlated kunye ne-polythylenene.
Ukudityaniswa kwamagama amathathu anantlanu, amane-hleze anezindlu ezinamagama eplasti yeplastiki, nge-AVVGE ye-1 kV (AVVG, njl. Njl.) Kucetyiswa ukusebenzisa ubushushu be-PSTTT3 / I-4/5 ukuhlangana. Ukunxibelelana ezintathu kunye nezine ezinxibe i-inshurensi yephepha kwigobolondo eqhelekileyo, i-SUP-CUP-SUPLINSS SOSP3 / 4 zenzelwe, kunye nezinye iimveliso zolwakhiwo eziqinisekisiweyo ngezi njongo.
Intambo evela phantsi komhlaba iqhagamshelwe kwi-terminali ye-translamer kunye nentshayelelo kunye nokusasaza. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lombane, i-veins yangoku, kubandakanya ukuphela kwendawo yokufakelwa kwethambo kunye nendawo yencam, yezahlula-hlula i-terutches. Ukwenza oku, sisebenzisa i-thermal kunye namanye amaqela ngohlobo lweegloves kunye neetyhubhu, ezenzelwe ukupheliswa kwendlela eyahlukileyo yokufakelwa. Ke, ukuhlazisa iintambo ezintathu, ezine okanye ezintlanu okanye ezintlanu nge-idmor ye-1 k-AVVG, i-APVHV, i-APVHV, i-idr. - 4 / 5 ukuvumelana, u-Phezulu ukuya / 4/5, iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo zabavelisi bamanye amazwe. Kwiintambo zombane ofanayo kwi-subsel eqhelekileyo, kuya kufuneka ukhethe i-terminal ye-terminal ye-kv (H) i-T3 / 4 okanye eqinisekisiweyo yeenkampani zangaphandle.
EJapan, iFrance, eFinland kunye neSweden kwiNtombi yoTyelelo oluPhezulu noPhakathi namhlanje, intambo kuphela, intambo kuphela esetyenziselwa ukuhlala yedwa kwiPTE. IRussia iphinde yathatha intshona.
* Isalathiso se "NGO" ibonisa ukuba olu hlobo lwentambo aluxhasi ukutsha, i-LS Index (leyo emlilweni, intambo inomsi omncinci kwaye ayikhuphi nezinto ezinetyhefu. Ezi ntambo zibiza kakhulu kunesiqhelo, kwaye, njengommiselo, zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezizodwa.
Ibhodi yokuhlela ibulela i-exco ze-tyco, i-3m, i-Everto, i-ojsc electrocal bolchiginsky isityalo, uTransScy Work moskabel ufuna uncedo ekulungiseleleni izinto.