Ukukhuselwa kwabanini zabelo: Imigaqo emitsha ingene kwi-Atys ngo-2019

Sixela malunga nengxowa mali yembuyekezo, i-akhawunti ye-ESCRO, into oyenzayo ukuba umphuhlisi uye wabhengeza kwaye malunga nemithetho emitsha yokukhuselwa kwabanini zabelo ngo-2019.

Ngokomyinge, i-2 ukuya kwi-6% yabanini zabelo minyaka le, kwaye idala ingxaki ebalulekileyo kwimarike yendawo yokuhlala. Ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo ezizabelo ezibonelelwe ngo-2005 ngumthetho ongu-214-FZ awonelanga, kwaqhubeka nokuphucula. Imigaqo emitsha yenzelwe ukukhusela amalungelo abanini zabelo. Ixesha lenguqu liphelisiwe kude kube nge-2019.

Konke malunga nemvelaphi emthethweni

Izinto kunye neekhonsepthi

Ngoobani abakhohlisile

Iingxaki zokwakha ukulingana

Iimfuneko zoMqambi

Iimfuneko zeDDO

Uxanduva lokutshintsha imihla ebekiweyo

Ingxowa mali yeMbuyekezo

Umphuhlisi we-Bhada

Iakhawunti ye-Escrow

Iwaranti

Ithemba lezinto ezintsha

Malunga nezinto kunye neekhonsepthi

Ke, zimbini izinto eziphambili. Eyokuqala nguMphuhlisi-Iqumrhu elisemthethweni elinalo okanye lokuqeshisa lasekunene lomhlaba kunye nokutsala abathathi-nxaxheba kwemali ngokusekwa kwezakhiwo zomhlaba kunye (okanye) nezinye izinto zepropathi ezizeziweyo kwimvume efunyenweyo.

Okwesibini ngumthathi-nxaxheba kulwakhiwo ekwabelwana ngalo - ummi okanye umbutho osemthethweni. Ngokudibeneyo banokwakha kungekuphela kuphela izakhiwo zokuhlala, kodwa neegaraji, amaziko ezempilo, imisebenzi, imisebenzi yeshishini, inkcubeko, inkcubeko kunye nenye indawo yendawo yokuhlala. Oku kurekhodwa kwinqaku lesi-2 loMthetho.

Kukho inkcazo ecacileyo yento yokwakhiwa kwendlela, oko kukuthi, inyani yokuba kwixa elizayo kufuneka ibe yigumbi lakho, igaraji okanye indawo kwindawo yokupaka engaphantsi komhlaba kufutshane nendlu. Le ndawo yokuhlala okanye indawo engahlali idluliselwe kwisaladi emva kokufumana imvume yokuya kwimvume yendlu kunye (okanye) yenye into yendlu, kubandakanya nemali yemali ebandakanyekayo .

• 

Ngoobani abakhohlisile

Ukuze umthengi wepropathi yengxaki yokwakha phantsi kolwakhiwo, kuya kufuneka le miba ilandelayo:

• Isivumelwano seSabelo sagqitywa;
• Iqela eliphumezayo alizifezekisile izibophelelo phantsi kwesivumelwano sokuthatha inxaxheba kwe-equity ubude ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezili-9. kwaye akazange onyuse utyalomali ekwakhiweni kwendlu engaphezulu kwamaxesha amabini okunika ingxelo ngokulandelelana;
• Umphuhlisi akanasiko ukwakha into;
• Izibophelelo zenkampani yokwakha ngaphambi kokuba iisabelo azikhuselekanga sisiqinisekiso sebhanki okanye i-inshurensi yoluntu.

Nceda uqaphele: Kwezinye iimeko, nokuba ubukho bekontrakthi yokuthatha inxaxheba kwekhompyutha ekwakhiweyo abukukhusela umthengi. Umthetho we-Federal No. 214-FZ "ekuthatheni inxaxheba kulwakhiwo lwezakhiwo zegumbi kunye nezinye izinto zezakhiwo" (Umthetho Nomb. 214-FZ) awukhuseli abanini zabelo ukuba:

• Kwindlu eyakhiweyo, izakhiwo ezifanayo zathengiswa izihlandlo ezininzi;
• Indlu yakhiwe kwiyelenqe elingakhutshwa okanye alikhutshelwa;
• Indlu yakhiwe kwisakhiwo apho singavumelekanga;
• Indlu yakhiwe ngokuphulwa kwesicwangciso soCwangciso seSixeko, iimfuno zeprojekthi.

Ukuphathwa gadalala kwabanini zabelo kunye namalungelo ayo (umzekelo, ukubakho kokubuyiswa kwemvumelwano okanye ukufumana izohlwayo zokuphulwa kweNkundla kuya kukhokelela kwiNkundla kuya kukhokelela ekukhuseleni amalungelo ukuba Izenzo ziyasungulwa.

Iingxaki zokwakha ukulingana

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, imingxunya iyacaca kuye wonke umntu ofunda ngenyameko le nkqubo yotyalo-mali yendlu nomhlaba.

I-skipyus yeskimu icacile: Umthengi ufumana indawo yokuhlala nge-30-40% ixabiso eliphantsi kunexabiso eliphakathi lentengiso; Umphuhlisi ufumana imali yokwakhiwa kwezinto zezakhiwo nomhlaba kunye nokuphunyezwa kwejelo lemveliso egqityiweyo.

Ngelishwa, utyalomali olunjalo luhlala lunxulunyaniswa nemingcipheko ebonakalayo. Ukutshatyalaliswa okuncinci kuxhaphake kakhulu, akusoloko kusenziwa ishedyuli. Nangona kunjalo, kuyenzeka ukuba umphuhlisi ahlehlise ngokuthe ngqo ukugqitywa kokwakhiwa okanye ukurhola umzuzu wokungena kwezindlu.

Yamkelwe uMthetho ka-2005. 214-FZ wazisa ukuvalwa kwemisebenzi yokufumana amagumbi okufaka igumbi ngaphambi kokufumana amaphepha-mvume; Ndayalela abaqulunqi babhalisa kwimvumelwano ngalo lonke icandelo kunye nezohlwayo zokungafezeki, kunye nerejista nganye yemvumelwano yokuthatha inxaxheba (i-DDD) ukuze kungafudukele.

Nangona kunjalo, oku kwakungekho kwanele kwaye utshintsho luqale ukwazisa utshintsho.

Okokuqala, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu kufuneka kwahlukane neminye imisebenzi ngokubekwa kwezithintelo kumphuhlisi wokwenza imisebenzi engahambelaniyo nokuphunyezwa kweprojekthi.

Okwesibini, umgaqo-nkqubo "wenkampani enye yenye yemvume yokwakha eyakha. Kwangelo xesha, ukwakhiwa ngokuthatha inxaxheba okwabelwanayo kwiimvume ezininzi ngoku kungavumelekanga. Kwangelo xesha, abaphuhlisi abakhulu abayi kuba nako ukudlulisela imisebenzi yabo kwizakhiwo ukuze bathathe inxaxheba kwiiprojekthi ezininzi ngaxeshanye, kuba amava kufuneka abe neminyaka emi-3 (ubuncinci iKontraktha ngokubanzi okanye umthengi).

Okwesithathu, umsebenzi womphuhlisi kufuneka ahambe kunye neziko elichongiweyo letyala lebhanki. Iiakhawunti zeNkampani, umthengi wezobuchwephesha kunye nekhontraktha ngokubanzi kufuneka ivulwe kwibhanki enye.

Okwesine, iimfuno zegama leshishini lemibutho yolawulo yolawulo lomphuhlisi kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba bayo bayaqiniswa. Phakathi kwabasunguli abaphuhlisi abanakubekwa bubuso kunye nokuzithemba okungabonakaliyo okanye ezingabalulekanga, kunye nabo bazenza izinto ezenze ukuba iZiko lezoMthetho.

Inkampani kufuneka ifikelele kwisiphelo sovavanyo kwanakwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo zezakhiwo, ukuba zingabinamatyala (ngaphandle kwemali mboleko ekujoliswe kuyo). Kwiziko letyala eligunyazisiweyo lebhanki, iimali kufuneka zifakwe kwinani le-10% yexabiso lokwakha (i-parachute ye-peculical, ekufuneka ikhuselwe, kunye nezabelo kwimeko yokuqinisa ixesha okanye i-bibupect).

Okwesihlanu, umthetho umisela umda weendleko zomphuhlisi kwisiseko somvuzo, intlawulo yeenkonzo zebhanki, iinkonzo zenkampani yolawulo, intengiso, iinkonzo zonxibelelwano, irente. Lo mda yi-10% yeendleko zoyilo.

Ungayikhetha njani inkampani ethembekileyo

Ukuba uza kuthenga igumbi endlwini ephantsi kolwakhiwo:

1. Funda ulwazi olukhoyo malunga noMphuhlisi, jonga igama layo.
2. Eyona ndlela ilula yokuqinisekisa isibakala sokuba uyakufunda kwi-Intanethi, ukuya kwenye yezakhiwo kwaye uqiniseke ukuba umsebenzi wenziwa.
3. Ngaphambi kokutyikitya imvumelwano yokuthatha inxaxheba ngokulinganayo ekwakhiweni, yifunde ngononophelo, ungangxami.
4. Ukuba une-thandatchs elincinci, chaza amagqwetha ukukunceda uqonde onke amabakala asemthethweni.

Iimfuneko ezintsha zomphuhlisi

Kude kube yimini yokuthatha inxaxheba kokuqala kulwakhiwo lwabantu abangadlulanga kwiintsuku ezili-14 kunyanzelekile ukuba bapapashe kwimithombo yeendaba okanye kwi-Intanethi isibhengezo seProjekthi apho ulwazi malunga nenkampani kunye nolwazi lweprojekthi lubonisiwe.

Umphuhlisi unyanzelekile ukuba anike usasazo kwisicelo sakhe:

• imvume yokwakha;
• Ubugcisa kunye noqoqosho lweprojekthi;
• ukuqukumbela kuvavanyo lukaRhulumente lwamaxwebhu eprojekthi;
• Amaxwebhu eprojekthi, oquka lonke utshintsho olwenziwe kuyo;
• Amaxwebhu aqinisekisa imigaqo yomphuhlisi kwicebo leLizwe.

Kuya kufuneka atyale imali kwiprojekthi imali yayo kwinani lesithathu sohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lweprojekthi; Imali enomdla kubanini zabelo kufuneka ihambe ngokungqongqo kwiprojekthi ethile, kwaye naphi na.

Izinto ezifunekayo ziya kuthatha inxaxheba

Ngokuhambelana ne-DTU, icala elinye (i-lolshile) lithembisa ukuhlawula isibonda esisigxina kuxwebhu kwaye simkele into eyenziweyo, kwaye elinye iqela likhetha ukwakha kwaye lingenise le nto kwisivumelwano.

Ikhontrakthi kufuneka ithobele:

• Ukuzimisela kwento ethile yolwakhiwo ekwabelwana ngayo ukuba idluliselwe ngokungqinelana namaxwebhu eprojekthi nguMqeqeshi;
• Ukucacisa umhla wokugqibela wokudluliselwa kwento yokwakhiwa ngokulinganayo kumnini zabelo;
• ulwazi malunga nexabiso lekhontrakthi, ixesha kunye nocwangco lwentlawulo;
• Ulwazi malunga nexesha lewaranti ebambeleyo ngokunxulumene nento ephantsi kokwakhiwa.

Ngaphandle kokungabikho kwenye yeemeko ezidwelisweyo, ikhontrakthi ithathwa njengengasebenziyo. I-DDE nganye kufuneka ibhalisiwe kwisahlulo sengingqi seRosrestra ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuthengisa kabini.

Umnini zabelo unelungelo lokuphelisa ikhontrakthi engathandekiyo, ukuba, umzekelo:

• Kwakukho iingxaki ngokwemigaqo;
• Iimfuno zomgangatho wezinto zexabiso lezakhiwo ziphulwe kakhulu;
• Ukucwangciswa kwamagumbi acetyiswe yinguqu yokuqala yeprojekthi.

Kwimeko yokupheliswa kwesivumelwano, umphuhlisi unyanzelekile ukuba angayibuyisi imali yabanini zabelo, kodwa nenzala yokusetyenziswa kweemali ezibolekwe kwinani le-1/50 le-1/50 yebhanki ye-Russian Federation ye-Russian Federation ye-Russian Federation ye-Russian Federation ye-Russian Federation. esebenza ngomhla wokuzalisekiswa kwesibophelelo sokubuyisa imali ehlawulwa ngabanini zabelo. Kwangelo xesha, inkampani inokuphelisa ikhontrakthi kuphela kwinkundla emva kweenyanga ezi-3.

Uxanduva lokutshintsha imihla ebekiweyo

Umphuhlisi unyanzelekile ukuba atshintshele into kubathathi-nxaxheba ekwakhiweni ngokulinganayo kungangemva kwegama elichazwe sisivumelwano. Ixesha lokudluliselwa lisetelwe bonke abathathi-nxaxheba, yenye.

Ukuba inkqubo ilibazisekile, umphuhlisi unyanzelekile ukuba ahlawule isohlwayo (isohlwayo) kubathengi kwinani le-1/75 lezinga le-1/75 lezinga le-1/75 le-bhanki ye-Russian Federation, ngexabiso yesivumelwano semini nganye yokulibaziseka.

Kwimeko apho akunakwenzeka ukwakha indlu kwimvumelwano ebhalwe kwimvumelwano, inkampani inyanzelekile kwiinyanga ezi-2. Ngencwadi ebhaliweyo ukubazise abanini zabelo kwaye cebisa ukuba wenze utshintsho kwisivumelwano.

Ukongeza, i-DDD iseke imibandela ethile yokutshintshelwa kwezindlu nomhlaba ukuya kutyalo lwendawo yokuhlala emva kokufumana imvume yokuyalela indlu.

Ngokutsho komthetho Nomb. 214-FZ, umphuhlisi unyanzelekile ukuba atshintshele kuwo onke amagumbi kubathengi kwiinyanga ezimbini. Emva kokwamkela ikhomishini yaseburhulumenteni.

Ingxowa mali yeMbuyekezo ukukhusela abanini zabelo

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-Inshurensi yoLuntu yoLuntu yabaphuhlisi phantsi kwemvume yokuthatha inxaxheba iya kuzazisa ngoku yiNgxowa-mali yeMbuyekezo.

Zonke iinkampani ezithengisa amagumbi kwinqanaba lokwakha kufuneka zitshintshelwe kwiNgxowa mali yeMbuyekezo ukubonelela ngamatyala phantsi kwesivumelwano se-1.2% yexabiso le-DDO nganye. UMthetho ubonelela ngovavanyo lonyaka lweembophelelo zokuhlengahlengisa ubungakanani bovavanyo, kodwa hayi rhoqo ixesha eli-1 ngonyaka.

Iimali zeNgxowa-mali yeMbuyekezo ziya kubhekiswa ekugqityweni kwezinto ezibangela izinto ezisebenza kwizindlu. Iintloko zeMbuyekezo yeNgxowa-mali yeMbuyekezo ye-Arhente yeZindlu kunye neMali mbimbi (AHML). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umsebenzi wesiseko ungabandakanyi ukuqokelela isixa esithile, kuyimfuneko kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibonelela ngemali yomngcipheko okhoyo.

Elona nani liphezulu lembuyekezo yemali igqitywe kwisiseko sendawo iyonke yendawo ekwenziwayo kunye nexabiso lemitha enye yezindlu kule ndawo. Kwangaxeshanye, ummandla iyonke yenjongosenzi ukwakhiwa okuthe ngaphezu kwe-120 m², kwaye ukuba ixabiso le-1 m² kulo ngaphezu ixabiso avareji zezindlu efanayo kwimarike zaseprayimari kwingingqi enye.

Ingxowa mali yeMbuyekezo iya kunceda ukukhusela amalungelo abethubelo amatsha; Ukwenzela ukunceda abo bantu bakho sele bedibene nobunzima, abasemagunyeni bengingqi batsalela iigrafu zezinto ezinzima, bebonisa ixesha kunye neendlela zesisombululo.

Ukuba umphuhlisi uyabhanga

Ixesha elipheleleyo lenkqubo yokungabhangiswa lincitshiswa ngokupheliswa kweenkqubo zokuchacha kwemali kunye nokuphuculwa kwemisebenzi eqhutywa ngumphathi weqela kunye neNkundla yokuBekwa kweNkunkuma. Inkqubo yokuqala ingeniswa kwinkqubo yemveliso yokhuphiswano, ngelixa inkokeli yobungcali kufuneka ikhokele inkampani yebhanki, esele inamava kwicandelo lezokwakha. Umphathi omtsha onqabileyo uyalela ileta yokwabelana ngabanini abelana ngayo inkqubo kunye ne-algorithm yezenzo.

Umthetho "kwi-callbupccy" umisela ukuba iimfuno zawo zonke izabelo zinikezelwe kuMphathi weNqaku, kwaye hayi kwinkundla yolo mbambano kungadlulanga kwiinyanga ezimbini. Ukusukela kumhla wokufunyanwa kwesaziso somphathi wokhuphiswano. Umphathi uqwalasela iimfuno kwaye abandakanya bona kwiRegistry.

Ukuba, ngexesha lenkqubo yokubhanga, isizathu esaneleyo sabonakala ngathi sikholelwa ukuba u-Sotrer Stovercy Solvency unokubuyiselwa, inguqu kulawulo lwangaphandle inokwenzeka.

Umphathi okhuphisana naye unyanzelekile ukuba enze amanyathelo afanelekileyo okukhangela kwaye atsale omnye umntu. Kukho enye inketho-intlanganiso yabanini zabelo inelungelo lokuthatha isigqibo malunga nokwenza uxanduva ngokufumana imbuyekezo kwiNgxowa-mali yeMbuyekezo. Ukongeza, ihlala inokwenzeka ukuba iphikise iimfuno ngokudlulisela kwimigaqo yento engafakwanga okanye yokudluliselwa kwendawo yokuhlala (ukuba into sele yakhiwe). Isigqibo senziwa ngokwahlukeneyo kwindlu nganye ekwakhiwe, intlanganiso kawonke-wonke yabathathisileyo, kuyimfuneko ukufumana imvume ye-¾ yabanini zabelo.

Nceda uqaphele: Ekubhaleni umphuhlisi, olona nqanaba lusesichengeni lwabanini bepropathi ngabanini bendawo engeyondawo, kubandakanya amagumbi.

I-Dloonce yelizwe kunye neNdlu yolwakhiwo ithethwane nabathathi-nxaxheba ngokwakhiwa nokwakha ukulingana de umvelisi uzalisekisa uxanduva; Kwangelo xesha, ubunini bendawo yokuthengiswa kwepropathi ngezabelo ngexesha lokubhaliswa kwemvumelwano yokuthatha inxaxheba kwezemigaqo yokulingana.

• 

Yintoni iakhawunti ye-Escrow

I-Eskrow-ikhethekileyo yedipozithi enemiqathango, apho i-degrees yemali ifike de kube kugqityiwe ukwakhiwa kwendlu. Iiakhawunti ze-Escrow eRussia zavela ngo-2014, kodwa zisebenzise le nkqubo kuphela ngo-2018.

Inzala kwingxowa mali ebekwe kwiiakhawunti ze-Escrow azihlawuliswa, kwaye ibhanki apho ivulekile khona, ayifumani mvuzo. Ngapha koko, i-akhawunti ye-Escrow yidiphozithi engenamdla, imali enomkhenkce kangangexesha elingaphezulu komhla wokugunyazisa into esebenzayo kunye neenyanga ezi-6. Xa usebenzisa iiakhawunti ze-Escrow, abanini zabelo abayamkeli umngcipheko wezezimali onxulumene nomphuhlisi othile, kwaye uthathe umngcipheko kwiBhanki egunyazisiweyo, ekufuneka ibuyiselwe kubo kwiinkundla ezibonelelwa ngumthetho. Kwimeko apho iBhanki ibhengezwe ibhengeziwe, umphuhlisi aphindaphinde isivumelwano kunye nearhente entsha yebhanki, imali yeinshurensi iya kugqithiselwa kwiakhawunti entsha.

Inkampani ifumana imali kwiiakhawunti ze-exrum emva kokungena kwinto ekufuneka isebenze kwaye ibhalise ilungelo lobunini bendawo enye.

Kuthetha ngeeakhawunti ze-Escrow zinokuguqulelwa ngokuhlawula izibophelelo zenkampani kwisivumelwano semali mboleko, okanye zidweliswe ngqo kumphuhlisi (ukubala nomboleki kwimali ebolelweyo.

Ixesha le-Waranti-iminyaka emi-5

Isicoci sinelungelo lokufumana ukuthotyelwa simahla kweziphene okanye ukunciphisa ixabiso lendlu kwinani elifanelekileyo. Ukongeza, umnini zabelo unokufuna intlawulo kwinkcitho yayo yokuphelisa ukusilela.

Ithemba lezinto ezintsha

Ukusukela nge-1 kaJulayi, 2019, iinguqu kumthetho we-Federal Umthetho No. 214-FZ waqala ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Ukwakhiwa okwabelwabelwabelwayo kufuneka kuthathelwe indawo yiprojekthi, iRegistry kufuneka yenziwe (kuya kunceda ukukhangela ukuthembeka komphuhlisi).

Ukusukela ngoJulayi 1, 2019, inkqubo yokuthengisa amagumbi kwizakhiwo ezitsha itshintshile. Ngokungqinelana noMthetho, inkampani ngoku iya kufumana imali evela kwisaladi ukuze iqhubeke noKwakha, kodwa kwiibhanki ezivunyiweyo kwaye zigcine kwiiakhawunti ze-Escrow.

Kodwa ayingabo bonke abaphuhlisi abaza kusebenza kule nkqubo. Ngokwesisombululo, abaphuhlisi banokuthengisa amagumbi emigaqo emidala, ukuba ekhaya bakulungele ubuncinci ngama-30%, kunye nenani leekhontrakthi ezigqityiweyo - sele ziphawulile ukuba abaphuhlisi bafuna Izikimu ze-Bypass, ekuphunyezweni kwencwadi yepropathi engayi kungena kwi-DDDD.

Kuphela sisivumelwano sokuthatha inxaxheba ngokulinganayo sinokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwamalungelo akwabanini zabelo, ngoko umthengi akavumelani nesindululo ukuba akhuphe irhafu endaweni, okanye isivumelwano semali.

Iingcali zezakhiwo zokwasebenza kwezindlu nolwakhiwo zikholelwa ukuba utshintsho kuMthetho we-2744-FZ uza kunyanzela iinkampani ezincinci neziphakathi ezivela kwintengiso, kuba injongo yezinto ezintsha kukubonisa ishishini lokwakha. Kwelinye icala, le meko inokubangela utshintsho olukhulu kwintengiso yemboleko mali yemali mboleko, ukunyanzela iibhanki ukubonelela ngezisombululo zenzuzo ezinokubangela ingeniso kubantu abafuna ukuthenga izindlu.

•