Imetarans yekhaya: Ngaphandle kwangaphandle kunye nezixhobo zegumbi, amanqaku ofakelo, izikhululo zemozulu zedijithali. Iingcebiso zokuqalisa iimeterologists.
Ukongeza kuyilo kunye nobunzima bezobuchwephesha, ii-meteomics zahlukile kuyilo lokuhlobisa. Isenzo sokudibanisa okuhle ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuhlala ezifanayo
Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, izixhobo ze-analog meteorological zisetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso kwimeko yangoku yemozulu, fumanisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesitrato okanye ubushushu bendlu, uxinzelelo, ubushushu
Udidi olukhethekileyo lwezixhobo zemozulu- "kwiGadi kunye negadi". Inokuba zizixhobo zombini ezinzima kwaye zixabiso eliphantsi kunye nezixhobo ezilula, ezinjengeemvula, onokuthi ubambe inani lobuqili
Iinkqubo zokubeka iliso ekhaya zezalathisi zemozulu
I-Bar898Hg isikhululo sezulu senziwe ukuba sisebenze ngaphandle nangaphakathi ngaphakathi. I-Valleschychi evela kwizixhobo ze-Alog, i-concuti yedijithali yedijithali inokudluliselwa kwindawo ngeendawo ngaphandle koloyiko lonakalisa ukuseta isixhobo
Ubungakanani besikhululo bufana nepokotho
I-Anemometers ifakwe kuphahla oluvulekileyo okanye i-nduli yenduli
Bambalwa abantu abathelekisa no-thewomni ngokwenombolo kunye nomgangatho "weempawu" zezinto ezimangalisayo, eziboniswe kwi-capita nganye. I-Iikovka Chenkovsky "Ityala" alizukugcina apha. Kuphela ukwazi kuphela malunga ne-catatiles ezayo kuya kubanceda baphephe. Njengoko besitsho, ngubani na olumkisiwe, sixhobile.
Kumaxesha amandulo, abantu babekwazi kakuhle kwaye baluqonda ulwimi lwendalo, ebizwa ngokuba "yimiqondiso yasekuhlaleni", ngokutsho kweyona nto inokuthi ichazwe ngokuqingqiweyo. Umhlali ohlaziyiweyo wase-Unban uhlala ungaqondwanga kwizinto ezinqabileyo njengendlela yokuhamba kwamafu, indlela yokuziphatha kwezilwanyana, iintaka kunye nezinambuzane, kuba kukho iziko le-hydromelorooroloformagical. Nangona kunjalo, isimo sezulu, sibalwe ngeyona nto ilungileyo yesayensi, kwezona zixhobo zanamhlanje azisoloko zichanekile. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, bayinza kwiindawo ezibanzi (umzekelo, kwi-MOSCOW okanye uMmandla weMoscow), kwaye "kwangoko kwi-moscow), kwaye" kwibala "Imozulu inokuba nemithunzi yayo kunye neempawu. Akumangalisi ukuba abantu bakhetha ukufumana izixhobo zazo zemozulu.
Apho kukho ii-thermometers kunye ne-barometer, mhlawumbi wazi yonke into. Ii-hyrometers ezincinci eziqhelekileyo-izixhobo ezichonga umswakama womoya. Izikhululo zemo zezulu zekhaya zinokuxhotyiswa ngee-anemometers ukumisela isantya (amandla) somoya kunye nolwalathiso, i-plviometer (i-Delviometer (i-Delviometer (i-Delviometer) ukulinganisa izixhobo zensingiswa zensimbi. Siza kuthetha ngazo zonke ezi zixhobo namhlanje.
Izibhedlele zoqikelelo ezifanelekileyo
Ekuqaleni, siza kuqhuba "i-libez encinci yabaqalayo beeMeteorologists." Zonke izixhobo zokuhlolwa zemozulu zenza imisebenzi emibini ephambili. Okokuqala, yazise umntu malunga nemeko yangoku yemozulu. Okwesibini, nceda ukuzoba ngeziphumo zokuqwalaselwa kwexesha elide zotshintsho kwimeko yemozulu yemozulu yemozulu. Umsebenzi wesibini kunzima ngakumbi. Ukuyisombulula, kuyafuneka ukuthelekisa kwaye kwaxeshanye hlalutya ufundwe kwezixhobo ezininzi, ezinjenge-barometer, ithemometer, i-hygrometer kunye ne-anemometer. Kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi ukuzoba isimo sezulu kunye nexesha elide. Ngenxa yoku, ukuqikelela kwekhompyuter iinkqubo ezinkulu zemozulu kusetyenziswa, efuna isixa esikhulu sedatha esifunyenwe kwizinzwayo omnye komnye, kwaye sisebenzisa iicomputers zomsebenzi ezinzima.Uninzi lwezixhobo zikhutshwa kwi "dijithali" nakwiinguqulelo ze-analog ("i-analog) yokubulawa. Itekhnoloji ye-analog nedijithali ineengenelo kunye nezicelo. Kwimeko elandelayo, uchwephesha ubonakaliswa ngokulula kunye nokuthembeka. I-analog yekhaya "I-Thermometers" ixabisa i-0.5-2 ixhaphake. Isampulu yefestile ye-thermometers enokuthambisa ukufakelwa kwangaphandle, ukuveliswa kweenkampani "(i-Ukraine), i-rimopor" (i-rimopor "(i-rurlkoch (i-rurlkoch (igumbi lokuhlambela, i-aquarium, abantwana bayo. D. Kunye nezixhobo zomntu ngamnye, i-thermohygrometer iveliswa, i-therometers nge-gyggery kunye neewotshi, zidityaniswe kwityala eliqhelekileyo. Iqela elikhethekileyo le-analog meterans iimveliso ze-souvenir.
Sukudida i-Celsius ngeKelvin!
Iqondo lokushisa i-thermometers lahlukile. I-Fahrenheit (f), i-Celsius (c) kunye ne-kelvin (k), ebizwa ngamagama abavelisi, wafumana olona lwabiwo lubalaseleyo. Isilinganiselo se-Celsius samkelwa. Kwindawo ephindwe kabini yindawo yokunyibilika yomkhenkce (i-0c) kunye namanzi abilayo kwi-Atmospheric uxinzelelo lwe-760 mm ye-Percury Pillar (100c), kwaye ubungakanani benqanaba lesithuba. I-Willkale Kelvin i-zero yereferensi ye-zero "epheleleyo", okanye kubushushu obusesezantsi, okanye ixabiso layo lihambelana no -273 Celsius. Ngokuhambelana, i-celius yi-273k. Iinqobo zokuziphatha zedigri kwezikali ze-scales coincide (umzekelo, i-100c ihambelana ne-373k). Kunzima ngakumbi ukujongana nobungakanani beFahrenheit esetyenziswe eUnited States. Kukho phakathi kweqondo (i-0F), indawo yokunyibilika yomxube wekhephu kunye ne-ammonia ihambelana nendawo yokunyibilika, kunye nobushushu be-100 yomzimba womntu. I-0 i-celsius yi-32 Fahrenheit, i-100 Celsius - 212 Fahrenheit. "Ukungahambelani" kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukusebenzisa izixhobo "hayi" isikali.
Ayiluncedo kuphela, kodwa intle
Ukukhetha i-meterans zasekhaya, kubalulekile ukuba ucinge ukuba ingaba le ndlela yenzelwe ukuba i-ORT (isitalato) okanye igumbi. Izixhobo zasekhaya kunye negumbi zinokuba nodidi lobushushu obahlukileyo. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kuba i-thermometers zeebhafu kunye nee-saunas ezimele ukumelana nokufudumeza. Isitrato (ifestile) i-thermometers inokuxhotyiswa ngeendlela zokuphakamisa ezahlukeneyo ukuya kwisakhelo. Uninzi lwazo, izindlu zabo zixhotyiswe ngamaqhekeza kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe kwizikrelemnqa. Kuyilungele izakhelo zomthi, kodwa hayi ngeplastiki okanye i-aluminium. Kwimeko yokuqala, iifestile zefestile kwi-velcro zilungile. I-meteranss yangaphakathi ixhonywe eludongeni, okanye inxibe ishelufu okanye ibala lebala.
Nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwesixhobo, kufuneka unikele ingqalelo ekwenzeni ukusebenza kwayo. IBALULEKO LOKWENZA liBALULEKILE UKUFAKWA KWESICWANGCISO. Ukuthweswa isidanga akufuneki kucoceke, ukuba yindawo ecacileyo neyahlukileyo ecacileyo neyahlukileyo kwiglasi yewindows okanye ebumnyameni be-Steam. Ii-thermometers kunye nezinye izixhobo zeglasi zibuthathaka kwaye kufuneka zibekwe ngaphandle kokufikelela kwabantwana. Kukwakho ii-thermometers ezizodwa zendawo yokuhlala yenziwa kwizindlu zabantwana zenziwa kwiplasitiki enqinileyo. Iibhafu kwaye ii-saunas zikwakhona izixhobo ezifumaneka ngeplastiki okanye kwimeko yesandle. Umzimba ofanayo awukwazi ukufudumeza kwaye ukhonze unobangela wokutshisa.
Izixhobo ze-analog meteorological ziyathandwa kakhulu njengemveliso ye-souverir. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-thermometers, ii-barometers, ii-hygrometers "zibonelela ngamandla olwandle (e-United Kingdom), i-Dallond (i-ROTLAND), isixhobo se-Karl) kunye nabanye abavelisi. Izindlu zenziwa ukusuka kwi-Oak Uluhlu, i-beech, i-ash, amalungu ensimbi - ama-Alles. Ixabiso lezilwanyana ezinjalo zinokwahluka, ukusuka kwi- $ 20-3 nangaphezulu.
Unomdla kwi-thermometer ebizwa ngokuba yi-buoyen ye-buoyen, isuswe yi-Astronomer yase-Italiyane yaseGaliyane (1564-16). Esi sixhobo yifleti etywiniweyo etywiniweyo kunye nolwelo, ngaphakathi 'bathwala iibhola ezinemibala emininzi. Iibhola ziyaguqukanga xa iqondo lobushushu liphuma, kwaye livele kwakhona xa ulwelo kwi-thermometer lupholile. Ijongeka intle kakhulu. IGalileo Thermometers iveliswa yi-TFA Dostmann (iJamani), i-viking ab (iSweden), uKarl Koch kwaye ihleli, kuxhomekeke kwi-10 500-600.
Uqikelelo lwemozulu kwiSayensi
Izikhululo zemozulu zedijithali ezisetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ewe, azikwazi ukukhuphisana nendlela yobungcali yokuchaneka kweziphumo ezifunyenweyo, kodwa zineendleko ezibi kakhulu. Ezonamodeli zingabizi kakhulu ziya kuxabisa abathengi nge- $ 50-150. Oko, umzekelo, iimveliso ze-oregon yesayensi (iHong Kong), i-TPA Dostmann, i-ving ab. Isixhobo seSitishi asifani kubunzima: iyunithi ephambili kwiprosesa kunye nesibonisi kunye nesinye sabasenzi seenxuwa, umswakama kunye noxinzelelo.
Izikhululo zemozulu ezibiza kakhulu kwaye zinemozulu eziphezulu zixhotywe ngenani elikhulu lezivalo, enkosi ekunyanisekeni kwemozulu ngakumbi. Ke, "iimodeli ezinzulu" ezivela kwi-Oregon kunye ne-Davis Izixhobo (i-USA) zixhotywe ngee-anemometers, iimvula, i-solar kunye ne-solar kunye ne-iltraviolet yokulinganisa. Uqikelelo lwenziwa ngesiseko sezalathisi zoxinzelelo lwe-quosmosfic, amandla omoya, iqondo lobushushu, ubushushu, ubude bendawo kunye nobude bendawo kunye nelinye. Ngokuhambelana, iindleko zezi zikhululo ziphezulu kwaye zifikelela kwi-1000-1500. Ephesheya, ubuchwephesha obunjalo buhlala busetyenziswa kuphela ngabanini bamachiza belizwe, kodwa nako konke ezomeleleyo, umzekelo, zombini izixhobo zegadi kunye neefama.
Ukusuka komnye nomnye, izikhululo zemozulu azifani ngenani leenzwa kunye nokuchaneka kwesimo sezulu, kodwa kunye nokubonakala kwezindlu kunye nokuboniswa, kunye nobukho bemisebenzi eyongezelelweyo. Izindlu zihlala zihlala zinemo engqongqo engqongqo. Umahluko ngakumbi kumboniso wemboniso. Ukufakwa kokubonakala kusetyenziswa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeepikniki ezibonisa uhlobo lwemozulu. Qiniseka ukuba uqiniseke ngaphambi kokuba uthenge ukuba yonke imifanekiso iqondakale kakuhle.
Vavanya kwakhona "ukufundwa" kolwazi lwedijithali. Phakathi kwezinto ezongeziweyo ezifanele ukuba zibizelwe nge-radiation ye-radioviolet enokuxhotyiswa nge-Bar933HG yeSayensi yezixhobo, i-vage98hg ukusuka kwi-DAVEN, i-RST-0293 Inzwa enjalo iya kuba luncedo ngakumbi kubathandi belanga - ngoncedo lwayo kwaye libonisa ukuboniswa kwexesha lokuhlala elikhuselekileyo elangeni, kuthathelwa ingqalelo uhlobo lolusu olusetyenzisiweyo ukuya ku.
Enye into eluncedo kukunxibelelana kwikhompyuter yakho-ebonelelwe, umzekelo, kwi-WMR 928 NX imodeli zenzululwazi ye-Oregon kunye ne-Visage Foments ezivela kwizixhobo ze-davis. Ikhompyuter ikuvumela ukuba uqhagamshele kwizikhululo zengqondo ukuya kwinethiwekhi ye-jikelele "ye-meteorological", hlalutya ulwazi olufunyenwe kubamelwane kwaye uqokele qokelelo oluchanekileyo ngakumbi.
Ngoncedo lwe "moya we-Wipcreen" moya womoya "we-Windscreen" entsimini, unokuchonga isantya somoya, kunye nobuninzi bayo (kunye nexabiso elincinci) kunye nexabiso elincinci. Uluhlu lweendlela ezilinganiswe rhoqo ukusuka kwi-0.4 ukuya kwi-150 yeekhilomitha ngeyure (Isixhobo sinokukhupha iinqobo ezisemgangathweni nakwiikhilomitha esiqhelekileyo kubantu baseYurophu). Abasebenzisi abaphambili besi sixhobo ziimbaleki (i-Yachtsmen, i-Deltaplaners IT.D.)
Intlalo-ntle yomntu ixhomekeke kwi-microclumozulu. Ke, abo bantu bakhululekileyo baziva benobushushu obungama-20 ukuya kwe- 26 ° C, ubumnyathe obuhambelana ne-45-65% kwaye uxinzelelo lwe-MRRE. Ubushushu, uxinzelelo oluphantsi luchaphazela kakubi impilo-ntle yabantu abanengxaki yezifo zentliziyo, ukwanda komswakama kunokubangela i-asthma. Kubantu abanjalo, izikhululo zemozulu zibalulekile
Kwimozulu yesikhululo semozulu i-prost Pros, iseti yenzwa yenziwa ngendlela yebhloko enye. Ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo, amaqondo obushushu kunye nezixhobo zokufuma axhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokukhusela i-oved exhotyiswe nge-fan eyakhelweyo
Ukuba i-cottage kwiinzwa ...
Ukuchaneka kwe-meterechikov ukufundwa ngqo kuxhomekeke kwindlela abakuyo ngokuchanekileyo. Nceda uqaphele ukuba kwiindawo ezisezidolophini kubazezi izithuba zemozulu "ezinzulu" zisenokungafaneleki. Akukho mfuneko yokuba ixhonywe ngaphandle kwefestile, intaba indlu yendlu eluphahleni, nayo. Indawo ye-Aesley Indawo ngokungachanekanga, izikhululo zemozulu zinokunika ubungqina obungalunganga.
Umzekelo, izinzwa zeqondolhlo (kunye nezixhasi eziqhelekileyo ze-thermometers) azinakubekwa phantsi kwemigca efanelekileyo yelanga kuphela emthunzini. Ngayiphi na imeko, akucetyiswa ukuba uzifuzise kufutshane nendawo yokufudumeza, umzekelo, uphahla olunendawo yokuthoba. Uphahla lwezindlu ezinamava amaninzi azifanelekanga, kuba kukho umoya onamandla ohambahamba kwizakhiwo kunye neqondo lokushisa lemihla ngemihla liya kuba liphezulu kakhulu. Kungcono ukulungiselela ukulungiselela i-metrern meterechka. Le yibhokisi encinci (malunga neeseli ezingama-4040) nge-White, ebonisa iindonga ezinobunzima, kunye ne-visor nelanga. I-meterechka ihlala ifakwe kwindawo engaphezulu kwe-2-2.5 m ukusuka emhlabeni, kumgama othile ukusuka kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo (umgama kubo akufuneki ube ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sokuhamba kwengqungquthela incitshisiwe).
I-Barometers kunye neemvula nazo zibekwe kufutshane nasemhlabeni, ukuphakama malunga ne-2m. I-AVOT Anemometers kufuneka iphakanyiswe ngaphezulu, nge-10-20m ukusuka emhlabeni. Ezi zixhobo zokuhamba ngokugqithileyo azoyiki, ngoko kufanelekile ukuba azibophelele emgceni wophahla, njengamanqanaba aqhelekileyo. Iingcali zeMeteorologists "ngenxa yokucoceka" kuseke ii-Anemometers kwiiMasts ezikhethekileyo. Kwangelo xesha, indawo yendawo yemanzi ifanele ibe yeyona ivulekileyo, ngaphandle kwezakhiwo okanye imithi, ilunge ngakumbi kunenduli.
Uxinzelelo lwe-Atmospheric luxhomekeke ekuphakameni ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lolwandle apho kwenziwa khona umlinganiselo. Ke ngoko, ukulingana kwe-analog barometer kuyafuneka ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa. Iqhutywa kusetyenziswa i-screw ehlengahlengisekileyo esemva kwendlu. Ukufaka ifowuni ngokufanelekileyo, kuya kufuneka usebenzise ukufundwa kwenye i-barometer okanye idatha yemozulu yemozulu. Ngaphambi kokususa ubungqina bokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu, kuya kunkqonkqoza ngenyameko kwiglasi yesixhobo.
I-analog hygrometer kufuneka ihlolwe kube kanye ngonyaka. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka usongele isixhobo kwilaphu elimanzi. Emva kwexesha elithile, i-hygrometer kufuneka ibonise i-94-96% suidity. Ukuba oku akunjalo, oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ilungiswe. Uhlengahlengiso lwenziwa ngokuhambisa ipleyiti ibeka ipleyiti yokuqinisa ngasemva kwezindlu.
Izikhululo zemozulu zedijithali zedijithali zinikezelwa ngeenzwa ezingenazingcingo ezidlulisela ulwazi kwi-didiyo yesitishi. Kuyilungele, kuba abanini akufuneki baphule intloko yabo apho bafihla khona i-wiring egqithisileyo. Iinzwakazi ezingenazingcingo zine-radius ye-orvius yesenzo-ukusuka kwi-30 ukuya kwi-100m. Ngokutsho kwenkonzo yabo yenkonzo, iyehla icoceke indebe yemvula ukusuka ngokungacwangciswanga (ngcono, ngendlela, le fowuni ikwasendleleni) kwaye ithathe indawo yebhetri yamandla e-AutoNomomous. I-Posnovna iSenars inoqoqosho olukhulu, ibhetri ichaziwe ngaphandle konyaka. Kodwa kude kube kanye ngonyaka ukukhwela uphahla "kutyelelo kwi-Anemometer" ayilunganga kakhulu. Ke ngoko, kwimodeli yanamhlanje, ii-anemometers zibonelela ngamandla ongezelelweyo kwiiphaneli zelanga. Iziphumo zokutshintshwa kwebhetri zifunwa kube kanye emva kweminyaka embalwa. Ngeli xesha ixesha onokuzinikela ekufundeni izinto ezingaqondakaliyo zendalo kunye neziphumo zesikhululo sakho semozulu.
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