Ukwakhiwa kweNdlu kunye nendawo iyonke engama-208 M2 ngokweetekhnoloji yenkqubo eyakhayo yenkqubo yoKwakha "Imodyuli": izindlu ezingenaxabiso elifutshane ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu.
("Rogeda"). Iifama zenziwa nge-crane kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe kwiMauertiam kunye neekona zensimbi. I-Klopilas ifakwe kwiibhodi zekhreyithi ye-cult ye-25150mm kwi-800mming. Iifama zenzelwe umthwalo osisigxina wophahla lwethayile lwe-tile, i-minerals yokufakelwa kunye nomthwalo wekhephu wexesha elithile. Ukuhlanjwa kwezinto zophahla kunokusetyenziswa. I-tile yendalo
Itekhnoloji yolwakhiwo olukhawulezileyo lwezakhiwo zikuvumela ukuba wakhela izindlu ezingenaxabiso ngexabiso elifutshane kakhulu. Ngezicelo ezininzi zabafundi bethu, siya kubuyela kwesi sihloko kwakhona. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenkqubo yoyilo kunye nenkqubo yokwakha ". Iphuhliswe malunga neminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo kwimikhosi yasemkhosini, yangena kwinkonzo yaseburhulumenteni.
Itekhnoloji yokuguqula kwinkonzo yabantu
Emva ngo-1978 Kumsebenzi weMphathiswa Wezomthetho we-USSR ye-Bureau "I-DSC 160 DSC 160" Inkqubo eyakhayo yokwakha yaphuhliswa (CCC) "imodyuli". Ukuhanjiswa ngokupheleleyo kwezi ntlobo zendlela ezikhanyayo ezivunyelwe kumcimbi weentsuku ukwakha ibango labasebenzi beeyunithi, iikomkhulu, iihosteles zeSoviet Union njengakwimimandla yaseSoviet Tound (SalemKhard, nakweakh) kwaye Kwimimandla ye-seistic yengozi yeCaucasus. Namhlanje, ukudalwa kweMali yoKwakha "Imodyuli" ibandakanyeka kwi-Enterprise "Ingingqi ye-MSCOW i-160 i-DSC." Kwizixhobo zeJamani ezikhethekileyo, izakhiwo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-temic ye-wiismic seismic yenziwa apha.I-CCC ineengenelo ezithile ngaphezu kobunye ubuchwephesha bolwakhiwo olukhawulezileyo lwezindlu. Yakha izakhiwo zalo naluphi na uhlobo kunye nendawo oya kuyo inokuqhutywa kwiseti yemigangatho yolwakhiwo (iiphaneli zodonga, iirandi, umgangatho wepaneli), ukuveliswa kwayo kunikezelwa kwi-conlour. Iinketho zezakhiwo zinokuba njengokuthanda. Ukuphela kwemeko: Ubungakanani babo bemigca kufuneka bube mininzi ngobukhulu bezinto ezakhiweyo. Ezo zinto ziza ukhumbuza umsebenzi kunye nomyili wabantwana, nto leyo kule meko "badlale" abantu abadala. Ukuhlanganisa i-skeleton yendlu enamatye elinye ne-attic kunye nokusekwa kolwakhiwo "phantsi kwehashe" yimikhosi yabasebenzi abane kunye nabaqhubi be-crane baqala ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezilishumi, kuxhomekeka kwindawo yendlu . Ukuba kukho imfuneko, isakhiwo sinokuchithwa, sithwele kwenye indawo size siqokelele i-anew. Ukuveliswa kwemveliso yokuhambisa kwecandelo eziqhelekileyo kwenza ukuba ikwazi ukunciphisa ixabiso ixabiso. Imitha yesikwere yendawo yokuhlala ngaphandle kokuhonjiswa kunye nonxibelelwano lwenjini ixabisa umthengi malunga ne- $ 250. Kwangelo xesha, ukwakhiwa kuyahambelana nazo zonke iimfuno zezakhiwo zokuhlala ezisezantsi.
Imodyuli "-Yintoni?
I-CCC IZAKHONO "Imodyuli" yizakhiwo ze-rack-racne-rack zombini kwisiqhelo nakwindlela yokuphumelela kwe-seismic (inyikima inyikima). Ingqolowa yendawo yezakhiwo ibonelelwe yindonga ethe tyaba kunye ne-Lostitudinal Corrier ehambelana nesiseko esingqongqo somgangatho kwaye sigqithisile. Imithwalo ethe nkqo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo ibonwa zii-racks zensimbi, ezibandakanyiweyo kunxibelelwano olufihlakeleyo kunye neephaneli zomgangatho kunye ne-overlap.
Izinto ezakhayo ziqhagamshelwe omnye komnye kunye ne-stingy hinge ye-hinge ye-hinge "spit-jack-jack". Olu ncedo unokukhawuleza kwaye ngokuthembekileyo luqokelela izinto ezithe nkqo kwaye nkqo, zilungisa ngokungqongqo kwisikhundla esifunayo. Amandla onxibelelwano ekubulaweni kwe-seismic ukuqinisekiswa ngokulungisa i-spike kwiglasi usebenzisa iPIN. Unxibelelwano lonxibelelwano lwezinto ezakhiwo ziyahambelana nemodyuli yokucwangcisa 24m (apho m = 100mm).
Zonke izinto ezenziwayo zenziwa kwi-korolovev kwisityalo sendlu esezantsi, kumgca wenkampani yaseJamani uMfuzisi, kwaye zinikezelwa kwindawo yokwakha, kwiibhokisi kunye neebhokisi. Eyona nto iphambili inepleyiti ye-overlap ethe tyaba (180-40024004800mm). Kodwa ezi zinto zinjalo ziyahambelana nomgangatho wokuhanjiswa kwekhonteyina, ukuvumela ukusebenzisa uloliwe, i-Automotive, ezothutho.
Ukufakwa kwezinto ezenziwayo zomjikelo weZero.
Izakhiwo ze-CSC zihlanganisene ngokutyunjelwa kakuhle okanye i-overficiciciciciciacial (iipleyiti zendlela, ikhonkrithi "i-pirmemes" i "Ikhonkrithi".) Iziseko. Xa ubopha isakhiwo sokuhlala kuloo ndawo, iziseko kufuneka zihambelane neemeko ze-hydrogeological yendawo yokwakha. Icala lonxibelelwano lobunjineli lwangaphandle lwenziwa ngezantsi kobeko lweziseko ngaphambi kokuba zakhiwe. Igalelo kwindlu yentambo yombane, imibhobho, ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kunye nokuntywila kwenziwa nge-hatch ekhethekileyo.
Isiseko se-punching isiseko se-overlap sisetyenziswa iipaneli ezithe tyaba (180-400240048000mm). Uyilo lweephaneli zezi zilandelayo: Ukusuka ngaphezulu kwe-Plywood ye-FSF Brand (i-18mm), ezantsi kwe-CSP (16mm) ifakwe kwi-screws kwi-SCHIVER No. 6. I-KSBLERLERED Square kwiCandelo leCroughtling ("iikomityi") zokukhwela izinto ezithe nkqo ezixhonywe nge-pikes efakwe i-barrel. Iiphaneli ezinzima-ukusuka kwi-500 ukuya kwi-1200kg.
Iindonga ezingaphandle ziquka ukuphathwa kwe-crustacean (180-300240027003700mm). Baxhotyiswe kwikona ye-spikes yensimbi, ethi, xa ifakwe, faka izidleke zomgangatho kunye neephaneli ezigqithileyo ezihambelana nazo. I-CSP spp 16mm ingu-16mm okanye i-plywood-10-12mm. Xa ufaka iphaneli iqhagamshelwe ngabathengisi beplate. Iiphaneli ezinzima - ezingama-350kg.
Iindonga zangaphakathi azizaliyo, zizakhiwo zesakhiwo sobukhulu obuthile. Amavili omzimba obekelwe amavili amavili. Olu lwando lungathanga ngqo ukwenza "ubunzima" kwaye zisebenze ukomeleza ubume besakhiwo.
I-cavities yeephaneli izaliswe lususwe ngokusingqongileyo i-ismover (iFinland) ye-kl yohlobo lwe-KL kwiindonga ezingaphandle kunye ne-KT Brand yezinto ezithe tyaba. Ubunzima bayo bubalwa ngokungqinelana neemeko zemozulu zendawo ethile. Zonke iindawo zokuthamba zithambekele ngokunyaniseka nge-polyurethane foam. Izixhobo zokuphumelela ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ukugqabhuka kunye nophahla kunye nokwenza izinto zikhethwe kwisivumelwano nomthengi.
Ngokutsho kweTekhnoloji ye-CCC, izakhiwo ukuya kuthi ga kumgangatho emibini zihlala zakhiwa. Ayilandeli oku kwezi zindlu ayinakuba yi-mine-hosty. Ngokulula, ngokwanda komgangatho, kuyafuneka ukusombulula uyilo olongezelelweyo kunye nemisebenzi yezobugcisa, njengokuqinisekisa ukumelana komlilo kolwakhiwo ngokwemigangatho. Itekhnoloji ecetywayo yenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuba kwakhiwe izakhiwo ezinokuphakama ukuya kuthi ga kumgangatho emithathu, ukuba nenqanaba le-III le-Right. Xa uthobela iimeko ezininzi, unokwandisa nokwandisa izindlu ezikhoyo zamatye. Ukwenza oku, umgangatho wokuqala kufuneka uhambelane ne-Modc's Gridi ye-Cac Crid, kunye nokugquma ngaphezulu-ukumelana nemithwalo yamanqaku ebaliweyo.
Kodwa. Unxibelelwano lwe-node lungaphandle lweendonga ezithe tyaba.
Eyona nto iphambili kwiNtlalo yoYilo yi "Dover-Nest" node. Isakhiwo esinganyangekiyo se-Ply-Ukunganyangeki sifune ukufaka i-St-3 clamplis. Emva kokufaka i-clamphep kwisokethi yeephaneli ezingaphezulu, i-DV-2 i-DV-2 ifakiwe (iCandelo lama-5060m).
b. Isinyithi soqhagamshelo lwensimbi kunye nephaneli ethe tyaba.
Imithwalo yokugqobhoza
| Igama lomthwalo | Imithwalo elawulwayo, kg / m2 | Ukuthembeka okusebenzayo | Imithwalo ebaliweyo, kg / m2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imithwalo esisigxina evela kubunzima bezakhiwo | |||
| Ukusuka kwizakhiwo zensimbi | 10.8. | 1,1 | 11.9 |
| Ukusuka kwi-Woods | 41,4. | I-1,2 | I-49,7 |
| Ezindongeni, ukwahlula, izakhiwo zeplanga | I-50.0 | I-1,2 | 60. |
| Imithwalo yexesha elifutshane | |||
| Ukusuka kubantu nakwizixhobo | I-150.0 | I-1,3 | 195. |
| Ukusuka kwikhephu | I-100.0 | I-1,4. | I-140. |
Ukwakhiwa kwesantya akusosithintelo
Umgangatho wendlu yendlu ngokwakhiwa kwisiseko seefama eziqokelelwe kwibala kwizinto zemveliso yefektri. Ngokweprojekthi, i-attic yesakhiwo sekhefu, ifakwe ngoboya obuneminerali kwaye igutyungelwe ngaphakathi kwi-CSP. Umsebenzi owenziwe kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Emva koko igubungele indlu ngeethayile zensimbi, ifakwe iifestile ezifakwe kuzo, emva koko zaqala ukufakwa konxibelelwano, ngaphakathi nangaphandle komhombiso.
Okwangoku, isantya sokwakha sacothisa. Umnini wendlu wagqiba kwelokuba amhlukanise ngaphakathi kwigumbi elingaphakathi, kodwa ngokucokisekileyo. Kwakufuneka ndifune emsebenzini wokusebenza, ongenzeki ngokunyanzelwa. Ukugqitywa kwangaphandle, umniniyo unqwenela ukwenza ibhodi yebhlokhi. Ngapha koko, wazivumela ukuba ahlangane kwindawo yokuhlambela kwiteknoloji efanayo neNdlu.
Ukufakwa kwezinto zezakhiwo zomgangatho wokuqala.
Isixhobo sobunjineli sanyulwa kwaye sikhutshelwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo amathuba okuhlala eziphathekayo zosapho. Lahla indlu iconjululwe ngumbizi wegesi emibini esekhompyuter onesikhundla se-30kw. I-Boiler kunye nezindlu ze-Boiler zafakwa ngaphakathi, inxenye yeholo yokungena. I-wiring kwi-Bimiritalic Sira radiriator (i-Itali) yenziwa yimibhobho yePolyproplene kwiNdlela evulekileyo. Ukuqhekeka kombane, ngokuchasene noko, ifakwe ufihlwe. Iingcingo ze-PVC-Sleeves zoluliwe kukungabikho kwezinto zangaphakathi nangaphantsi kweBhodi ejongene nophahla. Izixhobo zokuzibamba (i-sinks, iibhafu, izindlu zangasese, ibhere) igumbi lokuhlambela eliqhagamshelwe kwi-polyproplene. Ukuqokelela amanzi amdaka kwintendelezo ekhubeka kwinkqubo ye-sewage yendawo.
Xa ukufudumeza, amabizihefu aqala ukubeka phantsi aze apeyinta iindonga, ithatha iphepha lodonga, ukuze lilingane. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela lomsebenzi wokugqiba kwindawo ye-ladder-Showses, i-steyishi ye-Woods ye-pine ifakwe, iingcango zaxhonywa. Umgcini wendlu wawuthatha iDécor. Ukubonisana noMyili, wayifumana ifanitshala kunye nezibane, amalenga amakhethini. Ukumkanikazi wemibala emininzi ehlala ngaphakathi engaphakathi ayisiyondawo yokugqibela. Azisekho zonke izakhiwo. Kodwa iindwendwe kunye neendwendwe sele zifikile kwiindwendwe kunye nabanini: zifudumele, zomelele, zinezinto ezimbi, zintle kwaye azixabisi.
Abo banomdla kwiinkcukacha ezisebenzayo zokwakha, iingcali ze-Enterprise "Ingingqi ye-Moscow160dsk" inika inani leengcebiso.
Ukufakwa kwesakhiwo kwenziwa yi-autranc1 nge-autrow ihambe nge-18m. Umsebenzi we-crane wenziwe ngalo naliphi na inqaku elifanelekileyo, ukusuka apho kukho ukufikelela khona kwimizobo egcinwe kwindawo nakwinxalenye yesakhiwo esinyulwe. Eyona ndlela yokupaka kakhulu i-crane yemoto yeyona meko iphambili kwisakhiwo. Kuyenzeka ukuba ubeke izakhiwo ngasekunene, ngasekhohlo, kunye ne-auto crane. Indlela yokufakelwa kwezakhiwo ezivela kwiivili zemoto azikhutshelwa ngaphandle.
Ngaphambi kokufakwa, itshekishwe ngokuchaneka kobukhulu bejometri wesiseko, ekwenzeni inqanaba lesiseko kumanqaku okuhlangana kwe-digital kunye ne-alfabhethi. Ngokweziphumo zenqanaba, isenzo sidluliselwa ngoyilo lwemilinganiselo. Emva kokubala ubungqingqwa bokuthoba, inqaku ngalinye linokuqhutywa nokuhanjiswa kweenkxaso zensimbi. linings Ukubetha ngenqindi phantsi inkxaso ayanceda iipleyiti zesinyithi 5180180 kwaye 10180180mm, ibekwe kunye unxaxho engekho ngaphezu 5mm liphuma elwandle.
Emva kokumakisha i-axes kwisiseko kunye nokuseta kweenkxaso (zilungisiwe endaweni yesisombululo), ziqala ukufaka umgangatho. Qala ngokulula kwikona (evunyelweyo kuyo nayiphi na ipaneli).
Zonke iiphaneli zodonga ngexesha lokufakwa zifuna ukonakala okwethutyana kunye nemivalo yeplanga (icandelo le-4050mm). Ziyabekiwe nge-4120mm ye-4120mm kwaye isuswe xa kuyilwe uyilo lwendawo yokuqina kwendawo. Phakathi kweepaneli kwinxalenye ephezulu ibeka i-clamps. Emva kokulungisa iipaneli zokuqala ezihlanu zangaphandle kunye neeracks, kuyimfuneko ukufaka iphaneli ye-overpid, engaphezulu ukuze wenze i-kernel engqongqo ekhaya. Okulandelayo, ufakelo lwenziwa ngendlela efanayo: bayanda, ngokwesikimu se-hard kernel ye-hard, izinto zangaphandle zezandi kwaye zibaleka ngeephaneli ezithe tyaba. Intsimi yokulungiswa kweephaneli zodonga zefestile ayivumelekanga ukonakalisa ifilimu ye-Poalthylene Vapor ifilimu, evala ukuvulwa kwefestile. I-GLK kunye namashiti e-Plywood kufuneka aqhagamshelwe ukugqithisa ukuphepha ukungcungcutheka.
Kuyo yonke incasa kunye ne-wallet
Yimalini i-cottage eyakhiwe ngokweetekhnoloji ze-CCC? Ixabiso laso nasiphi na isakhiwo lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi kwaye kwi-odolo nganye ibalwa ngokwahlukeneyo. Into ephambili yamaxabiso kukuqina kweephaneli, exhomekeke kubunzima be-insulture. Iiparameter zezokugqibela, zimiselwa ngeendlela zemozulu. Indleko yesakhiwo igqitywe kwezinye izinto ezinje ngomgangatho, indawo, ukumiswa kwezihluzo zethutyana. Ukwenzela ukulungisa ngakumbi ixabiso lekamva elisekhaya, umthengi kufuneka alungelelaniswe kwiinkcukacha zokwakha abaqulunqi kunye noqoqosho kunye noqoqosho.
Eyona ilula ukuvavanya iphakheji esisiseko. Ezi mveliso zilandelayo kunye neenkcukacha zibandakanya:
Iiphaneli zomhlali kunye nokugqobhoza (kwizindlu ezinamacala amabini);
iphaneli yeendonga zangaphandle;
Isahlulelo sesakhelo;
Inkqubo yeRAFT (ifama yomthi) ngekhreyithi;
Ezinye iimveliso: Iiracks, amaplanga, amagama agama, ubizo, i-plinthes, ukutywina, izibalo.
Ke, iindleko zekhithi yesiseko ye-cottage "i-bibut" ngegaraji zii-ruble ezingama-172540. Kuyenzeka ukuba wenze indlu ngaphandle kwezinto zangaphakathi, ngenxa yoko kuya kuncitshiswa ixabiso labo. Kule meko, isakhiwo sigqitywe kuphela ngeephaneli zomgangatho, phakathi kwe-overlap (ngenguqulelo enamacala amaninzi) kunye neendonga ezingaphandle. Kukutshutshiswa kuphela ii-racks zentsimbi ezifakwe kwimodyuli yemodyuli (i-24004800mm) zihlala ngaphakathi. Ukongeza kwizizwe zangaphakathi, unokushiya abafuduki abahlukeneyo, kunye nenkqubo yeRAFT (ukuba umthengi uyakwazi ukuyithengisa ngexabiso eliphantsi kwabanye abavelisi). Yonke le nto, kunjalo, ichaphazela ixabiso lokugqibela lekhithini ye-hiti yobonelelo (inokunciphisa ukuya kwi-40%). Emva koko, ukwahlula kunokwenziwa ukusuka kwi-eyomileyo kwisakhelo somthi (okanye nakweyiphi na enye inguqulelo). Ukuba umthengi akathambekele ukugcina, iseti yesiseko inikezelwa ukongezwa nge-carpentry, izixhobo zokwenza uphahla, umhlobiso lwangaphandle, phantsi
Ungagcina kufakelo. Zimbini iindlela onokukhetha kuzo. Eyokuqala yi-monterauntation oyintloko, apho ingcali yenkampani yomenzi ishiya iqonga kwaye yakha amandla eekhontrakthi zekhontrakthi (iindleko eziqikelelweyo zenkonzo - i-2% yeendleko zeKit ezibonelelweyo). Inketho yesibini kukufakelwa "phantsi kophahla" xa i-brigader yomenzi iqokelela iNdlu yokuGqibela (i-10-25% yexabiso lokuhanjiswa, kuxhomekeka kubunzima be iprojekthi).
Umbono wokwakhiwa kwemodyuli kwilizwe lethu waphunyezwa kwiprojekthi yesakhiwo esikhulu seSixeko esinamashumi amawaka e-KHRUSCHCHV yezakhiwo ezinemigangatho emihlanu. Ubungakanani obunjalo bokwakha baqala, ngenxa yomanyano lwezinto ezenziwe ngendlu zidibanisa ikhathalogu enye. Kwinqanaba elithile lophuhliso lwesakhiwo sendlu, itekhnoloji yemodyuli yenze ukuba ikwazi ukusombulula ingxaki yentsilelo yezindlu. Njengakwizini ezincinci nakwiilali, ukukhula kwazo kwezindlu zohlobo lwemodyuli yexesha elide akuzange kuzibandakanye. Namhlanje, ngoncedo lweemodyuli, iilali eziphambeneyo zokuguqulwa kwentliziyo yasemaphandleni zinokwakhiwa. Ulwakhiwo olukhawulezileyo lwezindlu zabucala luyakuvumela ukuba ucombulule umsebenzi wombuso wokubonelela ngokwabemi efikelelekayo kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu.
Ukubalwa okwandisiweyo kweendleko zomsebenzi kunye nezixhobo ekwakhiweni kweNdlu ngeNdawo eyi-208M2
| Igama lemisebenzi | Iyunithi. | Inani le | Ixabiso, $ | Iindleko, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Umsebenzi osisiseko | ||||
| Isiseko seSiseko seSiseko, ukuSebenzisa amanzi | m2. | 24. | Sibhozo | 192. |
| I-ribbon ribbons | m3. | 12 | 60. | I-720. |
| Isilumkiso Sodwa | m2. | 73. | 3. | 219. |
| Iyonke | I-1130. | |||
| Izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwicandelo | ||||
| Ikhonkrithi inzima | m3. | 12 | 62. | I-744. |
| I-Granite yelitye eliqhekeziweyo, isanti | m3. | Thoba | 28. | 252. |
| I-bimouminous polymer mastic, i-hydrohoteallool | m2. | 265. | 3. | I-785. |
| Ambalure, ucingo, amaplanga esandult, njl. | seta | Nye | 340. | 340. |
| Iyonke | 2130. | |||
| Iindonga, izahlulo, ngaphezulu | ||||
| Ukufakwa kwezakhiwo zokwakha | seta | - | - | I-15500. |
| Ukugcwalisa ukuvula ii-windows kunye neebhloko zecango | seta | - | - | I-970. |
| Iyonke | 16470. | |||
| Izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwicandelo | ||||
| Amacandelo okwakha | seta | - | - | I-61600. |
| Iifestile zefestile kunye neminyango | seta | - | - | I-9800. |
| Iyonke | 71400. | |||
| Isixhobo sokuphumla | ||||
| Ukufakwa koyilo lweRafter | m2. | 370. | 10 | I-3700. |
| Isixhobo se-Inlet Vaporizotion, i-insulliser | m2. | 370. | ezine | I-1480. |
| Isixhobo sokuthinta intsimbi | m2. | 370. | 12 | 4440. |
| Iyonke | I-9620. | |||
| Izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwicandelo | ||||
| Iphepha le-metric | m2. | 370. | 12 | 4440. |
| Iplanga | m3. | 6. | I-120. | I-720. |
| I-Mineral Wat, Steam, umoya kunye neefilimu ze-hydraulic | m2. | 370. | Ntlanu | 1850. |
| Iyonke | I-7010. | |||
| Ixabiso lilonke lomsebenzi | 27200. | |||
| Ixabiso lilonke lezinto | I-80600. | |||
| Iyonke | I-107800. |
Abahleli bebulela inkampani "Ingingqi ye-MOSCOW i-160 i-DSC" ngoncedo kumalungiselelo ezinto.