Abaphuhlisi abaninzi bajongana nengxaki yokunxibelelana. Rhoqo umthengisi wombane wasekuhlaleni uyakwazi ukukhetha amandla avumelekileyo avumeleke ngaphandle kokukhanyiselwa kwendlu yelizwe, kodwa ingeyondawo yanamhlanje. Ungayifaka njani umbane kwiNdlu ngaphandle kokuphula imilinganiselo nemithetho yangoku?
Imfuno ayinabungozi
Ukuba uthenge indlu kwindawo yokuhlawulwa kobunjineli nenkxaso yobulungisa eyimfuneko, umba wamandla wekhaya lakho sele usonjululwe. I-Inc. Abaphuhlisi babeka indawo yokuguqulwa komsebenzi omnye okanye ezimbini, umzekelo, abangama-630 KVA, oguqula i-voltage ye-6-10 kv kwi-220-380v. Iingxaki zivela xa zizama ukwakha indlu okanye ukuphinda wenzeke kwakhona ufakelo lombane weNdlu, iilali, ubuhlakani begadi, apho kungonelanga. Bonakalisa ugunyazisa eli gunya kwinkolelo yabo, indlela esemthethweni inzima kakhulu.
Masithi imvume yokuhambisa ikhaya lakho linikezwe yigridi yamandla endawo. Kwimeko, ngaphambi kokuqala uyilo, kufuneka ukuba u-oda umsebenzi wobugcisa wokudibanisa ufakelo lombane lwesakhiwo kwinethiwekhi. Umsebenzisi wexesha elizayo kufuneka acinge ukuba ziphi izixhobo zombane (i-Boiler, inkqubo efudumeleyo, inkqubo yokufudumeza, izixhobo zokufudumeza, ziya kusebenzisa amandla okufakwa kombane ukuqinisekisa okuqhelekileyo ukusebenza. Emva kwemini, iya kunceda kwimfuno yokwenza utshintsho kwiprojekthi okanye yokwakhiwa kwakhona kombane wombane.
Umsebenzi wobugcisa utsaliwe kwisiseko sencwadi ebhekiswe kwinjineli eyiNtloko yombutho woLawulo lwaMandla oQhagamshela ukukhutshwa kwengcaciso yobugcisa ebonisa ulawulo lwamandla ekhaya. Ileta mayikhatshwe ngamaxwebhu engongoma elungileyo: Indawo yendawo nezakhiwo zomhlaba, ubungqina belungelo lokwakha le ncwadi imvume yokwakhiwa kwendlu, i-Gorgaz, IRostelecom, Vodokan, i-EDR yamandla e-EDR ngokwazo. Ukutyikitywa kwabo kuqinisekisa ubukho okanye ukungabikho konxibelelwano kwindawo okanye kumhlaba wendawo yakho. Le leta ithathelwa ingqalelo kwi-PTO yenethiwekhi yesithili okanye ye-edolophu. Kwinqanaba lokuqulunqa umsebenzi wobugcisa, igridi yamandla okanye ivumela unxibelelwano, okanye inika iingcebiso ezithile ekufuneka zenziwe ukusombulula ingxaki. I-alamu okanye intambo ephantsi ye-volb ye-volble (i-0.4 kv) yolule ukufikelela kwindawo ekufutshane (okanye ikholamu), amandla ayo ethunyelwa phakathi kwabasebenzisi abaxhunyiwe kuyo; Kwelinye, umbuzo usonjululwe ngokusasazwa kwegunya kwenani lezinto ezichithwe kuzo. Kukho ukhetho lwesithathu - ukwakhiwa kokufakwa kwayo.
Khawufane ucinge ngemeko apho indlu yakhiwe kufutshane nomgca owosulelayo wamandla osasazekileyo onamandla angama-35 kwi-35 kw. Ithiyori, ngemvume yoMboneleli woMbane, ungaqhagamshela kwinethiwekhi ngokusebenzisa umntu ophantsi. Kude kube kutshanje, imigaqo yefowuni yombane yombane yolu hlobo ayibonelelwanga. Ukongeza amatyala, umoya okanye intambo ye-Cable ye-Cable ye-Cable itsaliwe ukuya kwindawo ekufutshane, kwaye amandla ayo asasazwa phakathi kwabasebenzisi abadibeneyo. Ukuba umthamo wase-Backup wayengenguye, ekuphela kwemveliso engahlali: Guqula i-transformer enamandla ngakumbi. Ewe kunjalo, ngenkcitho yomrhumo omtsha oxhunyiweyo. Ukuncamathisela: Ixabiso loguqulo lwasekhaya lwesikhundla se-100 kVA lingama-60-80 amawaka e-ruble.
Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki kukufakwa endaweni yendawo yokutshintsha kunye nezixhobo ezifakiwe kwikhithi yayo. Njengommiselo, ukufakwa kwezitshintshi ezisemaphandleni kunendlela ye-kiosk efakwe kwiintsika apho izitepsi zikhokelela khona. Lo mboniso ufuna ukulingana komhlaba okhethekileyo. Ikwasebenzisa ufakelo lweenguqu zamandla kwiiMasi eziKhethekileyo. Ukuba izindlu ezitsha zisakha kwintsimi yelali, kwaye ukususwa komhlaba phantsi kwento akubonelelwanga, umthengi uza kujongana nesidingo sokusombulula lo mbandela ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwendawo yoyilo yengingqi. Asiyonyani yokuba uza kungena kuphuhliso loophuculo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iikholamu zekholamu zeCompact (ukufakelwa kwemini) zisetyenziswa kwiimeko ezinjalo, amandla avumela ukuba uqhagamshele kwinethiwekhi ephambili ukusuka kwi-cottagers entloko. Abaguquki abaphakanyiselwa kwikhonkrithi (ikhonkrithi yasekuthiyeni) abaxhaswayo) inkxaso ibukeka inkangeleko. "" Banzima "- bavumela ukulayisha ukuya kwi-40% ngomthwalo ophakamileyo; Ixhotywe nge-aute-ekukhuseleni eyakhiwe kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ayifuni isondlo. Iinkampani ezinkulu ze-electrotechnical zivelisa ezo zixhobo: umzekelo, iJamani Abb, i-Nokia, iAmerican Howard. Amaxabiso ayatshintsha ngaphakathi kwi- $ 3500-4000. Intsika ye-Pilar yeLinga elifanayo loMgosarian, i-Ukraine, iMveliso ye-EUkraine, iRussia iphindwe kabini. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-analoumes eyenziwe eRussia kunye ne-cis, kukuba basebenze rhoqo umsebenzi olawulayo, apho abo basebenza ngombane nabaqeqeshiweyo kufuneka babe nabantwana begridi yamandla endawo.
U-Ella Sirotina, ingcali yeSebe loyilo lwe-RSC yombane i-JSC
Iimfuno ezisisiseko zamaxwebhu eprojekthi yokufakelwa kombaneIProjekthi yokuBoniswa kwabaMandla eyenziwa kwiimeko zobugcisa zombutho woNcedo lwaMandla kufuneka zibandakanye:
1. Iseti ephambili yemizobo yomsebenzi; ireferensi kunye namaxwebhu ahamba kunye nawo; Inqaku elichazayo. Oku kulandelayo kubonisiwe:
- Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga nokufakwa kombane;
Ubalo lweentambo kunye namacandelo ocingo ngokwePUE;
Ubalo lwemijelo yesekethe emfutshane, ukulahleka kwe-voltage kwindawo ekude yesekethe yombane;
Iziphumo zokuhlolwa ngokuzenzekelayo kumandla okunqumla;
-UMbutho woMbane woMbane;
-Imfuno zokubeka iindlela eziphezulu zenethiwekhi ngokubanzi neqela;
- Umbutho wokukhusela ukukhanya;
-izixhobo zokuqonda;
- Amanyathelo kwintlangano yokhuseleko lombane.
2. Iskimu esigxile kumandla atshintshiweyo ngokuchongwa kwecandelo le-brand kunye nendlela yokuwela yentambo yokutya, iingcingo; Ngeendlela zokubekwa kwabo kunye namanani kwimagazini ye-Cable.
Ukuphatha imijikelezo yokuzala yombane engatshatanga kubonisa inani elifakiweyo kunye nezibabe amandla, okwangoku, i-COSF, uphawu kunye neCandelo lee-wires, jonga i-gasket yabo.
3. Isicwangciso seNdawo yokuSebenzisa. Kufuneka idityaniswe nezicwangciso zegridi yamandla kunye nesixhobo sokuthabatha. I-inclous ibonisa inani kunye namandla abamkeli bombane, ahambelana nenkqubo yokunganyaniseki, abonisa amagumbi omlilo kunye nokuqhuma (kuqhotyoshelwe khona amagumbi).
4. Ukucaciswa kwezixhobo zombane ezisetyenzisiweyo, iimveliso kunye nezixhobo.
5. Imizobo yendlela ephezulu. Kufuneka baqulethe idatha kwiiphaneli zokukhanya, imigca yeqela, ebonisa uphawu, icandelo lecandelo kunye neendlela zokubeka iingcingo kunye neentambo.
IYunivesithi yale projekthi ibandakanya iskimu sezihlangu ezifudukayo, ebonisa uphawu kunye necandelo leengcingo zemigca yeqela, abaphumeleleyo, uluhlu lwezixhobo zombane.
I-inclous yezixhobo ibonisa (ukuba ikhona) iiklasi zemimandla yokuqhushumba, ukukhanya kokukhanya.
I-wiring yehlobo ikhokelela inani leengcingo, iinombolo zamaqela, zibonise iindawo zokufakelwa kwezibane, ukutshintshela, iziseko, ubungakanani, uhlobo kunye nokuphakama kokufakwa kwezibane.
Ukufakwa kombane kwiProjekthi
Ukuyila umgca wombane, ufakelo lombane lwangaphandle nolwangaphakathi lweNdlu kufuneka linikwe imibutho enelungelo lokwenza olu hlobo lomsebenzi okhutshwe nguShishino lweMicimbi yeLizwe okanye indlu kunye neenkonzo zoluntu. Akukho mathuba okuvunywa kwiimeko ezisemthethweni zeprojekthi "yasekhohlo". Amaxwebhu eprojekthi egqityiweyo aququzelelwa kwigridi yamandla endawo kunye ne-temonergonedor, apho izigqibo zenziwe ngokungqongqo ngokungqinelana nomthetho.
Ukufakelwa kunye nokugunyazisa iprojekthi kufuneka kuqhutywa imibutho yokwakha kunye nokufaka ilayisensi. Ukuvavanywa nokuhlengahlengiswa kwezixhobo ngoyilo olulandelayo lwamaxwebhu akuphoxiwe aphathiswe kwimibutho efanayo okanye, ukuba okokuqala unephepha-mvume lokuvavanywa kwamandla eMandla.
Emva kokufakwa kwezixhobo zombane endlwini, izakhiwo zoqoqosho nakwindawo yelifa lendawo eqinisekisiweyo ye-labhoratri eqinisekiswe yi-Labotory eqinisekiswe ngamaziko ahambelanayo, iipasipoti zobugcisa zezixhobo ezifakiweyo kufuneka zingeniswe. Ukuqwalasela la maxwebhu kunye neziphumo zovavanyo, imiba yeLebhu ingumnini wesatifikethi sombane esikwenza ukuba sisebenzise imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokusebenzisa izixhobo, izitovu ezishushu.). Kukusinga sisiseko sesatifikethi sokuba abamele inkxaso yamandla karhulumente kufuneka bakhuphe isenzo sokwamkelwa kombane ukubandakanywa kwinethiwekhi. Ke igridi yamandla kwaye umnini wendlu unyanzelekile ukuba agqibe isivumelwano ekusebenziseni umbane. Kwakwinqanaba elifanayo, benza isenzo sokwamkelwa kwezixhobo ze-Akhawuntingi kwaye bavelise ukutywinwa kwabo. I-Insale, yenza umbane weNdlu. Amaxesha aqhotyoshelweyo Igridi yamandla endawo, enomgcini wendawo yokuhlala (umthengi) kukho imisebenzi yothintelo, isebenza inkonzo yolondolozo lwamandla ngaphambi kokungena kwiNdlu.
Umbuzo kufanelekile: Yimalini eya kubiza malini kumthengi wabucala, i-gasket okanye i-gallket okanye i-biach yamandla kwindlu yakhe? Ixabiso eliphakathi leProjekthi yokuBonelwa kweKhowudi yokuHamba koMbane ye-5-30 kw kwingingqi ye-MOSCOW ukusuka kwi-6 ukuya kwi-40 yamawaka amabhombu. Ixabiso leenkonzo zolwakhiwo kunye nemibutho yokufaka ixhomekeke kubunzima beprojekthi kwaye ngenxa yokuba zeziphi izixhobo ezibekiweyo: kokubiza kakhulu, amaxabiso aqikelelweyo. Akukho mfihlakalo yokuba ukuphunyezwa komsebenzi weprojekthi kukungabizi ngaphezu kokufumana irisithi kwimvume, kwaye isenokungabi zii-5 kwaye ayibi lishumi. Imontrage yemigca yamandla e-getkey ngalo lonke ulungelelwaniso iya kuba ngumnini wendlu nganye kwingingqi yeMoscow kwinani elisusela kwi-7 ukuya kwi-200 lamawaka iruble. Isisombululo esibi kakhulu sisiphumo somoya kwiNdlu ukusuka kumgca ophambili womgca ophambili wevolthi ukuya kwi-1 kv. Okufanayo, kodwa ngoqhagamshelo kumgca wamandla ombane ophezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentengo yokutshintsha kuya kufuna utyalomali ngakumbi ...
Emhlabeni okanye ngomoya?
Omnye umbuzo ovela kuYilo-luhlobo luni lomgca wamandla okukhethayo? Zimbini iindlela zokuhambisa umbane: ngentambo engaphantsi komhlaba kunye nemigca yocingo lomoya. Owokuqala ubuhle ngakumbi, kodwa ubiza amaxesha ayi-1,5-2 kubiza kakhulu ngenxa yobunzima bomsebenzi kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lentambo. Ixabiso lomsebenzi lisusela nge-25 ukuya kwi-100% yexabiso lezixhobo kunye nezixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, ukubonelelwa ngombane kwintambo ibekwe kwi-trench kungaveliswa kude kube yiyo yonke indawo kwaye ayisoloko injalo. Imiqobo iba ngumhlaba we-acidic engathandekiyo, amanzi aphezulu, imilambo kunye nemizimba yamanzi, inzala yendlela, esele ibekwe kwilizwe lonxibelelwano, esele libekiweyo. Xa ungena kumgca wentambo, ngakumbi ebusika, abanini bomngcipheko wesakhiwo sendawo yokuhlala uhlala ngaphandle kokuhanjiswa kwamandla ngexesha leentsuku ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu, uthatha ingozi yenqwelo moya, ithatha iiyure enye okanye ezimbini. Ke ngoko, imigca yamandla e-School sisisombululo esiqhelekileyo.
Umgca wamandla enqwelomoya. NgokweMithetho, iingcingo zeSigaba se-inshurensi, ezijijekileyo kwi-harness ihambelana ne-wire eyedwa okanye i-wire engakhathalelwanga, kufuneka isetyenziswe kumgca wamandla. Ukubeka imigca yokuhambisa umoya ngokusebenzisa iwire ekwanti (i-VLI) namhlanje sebenzisa iingcingo ezingama-insule (SIP). Isebe ukuya kwigalelo livumelekile ukuba senziwe bodwa, lijijeke kwiimbambo ngeengcingo ngaphandle kwecingo.
Uyilo lwe-SIP ngumkhuba wesithathu olwelodwa isigaba esizimeleyo ujijelwe intambo ye-inshurensi ye-inshurensi ye-inshurensi ye-inshurensi ekhethekileyo. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, ukukhanya okungaphandle kunye nokulawula iingcingo kunoku kongezwa kwihenyukazi. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-wiring yenziwa ngemitha ye-ultraviolet kunye ne-ozone, "ukunxibelelana" kwinqanaba le-polythylene nge-ozothylene ene-adasion ephezulu yezinto eziphilayo. Oku krwada akuqhelekanga ngenxa yeqondo lobushushu kunye ne-wire oosciotions emoyeni. Iingcingo zenkampani yaseFinland Nk Man Oy Oy (Nokia), i-French Iinkampani ze-Nokia, kunye namashishini ombane "," Kuskabebel "," Irkutskabel ".
Indlela yokuphakama kufuneka yenziwe ngamanqanaba amanqanaba ecandelo elinye (ubuncinci i-50mm2). Ukunxibelelana, unxibelelwano lwe-SIP kunye ne-SIP kufuneka zenziwe kusetyenziswa i-SIP ekhethekileyo (ukuxhasa, ukolula, i-anchor, i-COPS, i-CAPS, iitephu zebhutsi). Umgama ukusuka kwindawo esezantsi yeengcingo zeengcingo eziya kumphezulu womhlaba kunye nendlela yezitrato kufuneka ubuncinci zibe yi-5.5 m, ukuya kwinxalenye engazani zizitrato ingaphantsi kwe-4m. Ngaphambi kokuba ungene endlwini, umgama osuka kwiingcingo emhlabeni ubuyi-2,5 m.
Ukukhusela izixhobo ze-genen ukusuka kwi-showning kunye nokukhutshelwa kombane we-thamossic, izixhobo zokuphatha zenziwa kwi-1 kv. Ukuxhasa ukuqiniswa kwekhonkrithi, umthwali we-wire ye-zero kufuneka aqhotyoshelwe ekuqinisekiseni inkxaso yekhonkrithi eqinileyo. Kwinkxaso yomthi, olwabekwa kuwo umqhubi ophantsi komhlaba (ukubekwa khona) okanye intambo ngeqokobhe lentsimbi, ukuthwala i-wire yentsimbi kufuneka iqhotyoshelwe kumqhubi wokhuseleko okanye iqokobhe lentambo. Abarhwebi kunye nemida egqithileyo efakwe kwizibonda kufuneka zidityaniswe endlebeni. Ukwenzela ukwenziwa kwabaqhubi abaphantsi kwenkxaso ye-VLI ukuya kwi-1 kV, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-wire yentsimbi ekhuselweyo ye-Corrosion nge-6mm.
Intambo ilele emngxunyeni. Masithi ubuchule bezezimali bomthengi kunye neemeko zobugcisa zokwakha zikuvumela ukuba wenze unxibelelwano lwentambo. Kule meko, iingcali zimiselwa apho intambo ye-brand ichanekile. I-cabs yamandla enee-aluminium kunye ne-copper veins, ibaliwe kwi-voltage ye-1 KV, yenziwa ngokufakwa kwephepha elikhethekileyo le-sulfanimp kunye nezinye iingoma ze-hydrophoming, kunye nokufakwa kweplastiki. Iqokobhe eliqinisekileyo yentambo lenziwa ukusuka kwi-aluminium, ukukhokela, intsimbi ekhutshelweyo okanye akukho kwaphela. Uluhlu lweempawu zekholeji zasekhaya kuphela kule ndawo (iMveliso "Moskabel", "Sevkabel", "I-Ivkabel") inezinto ezingaphezu kwama-30. AKUKHO nto ingaphantsi kweengqwanga ezivela kwimizi mveliso, njengeNexins, iRaychem, i-Onergy All iyunivesithi.
Ngokutsho kwe-PUU kunye noxwebhu lokulawula, umkhondo wentambo kufuneka ubekwe kwiindawo ezingekhoyo echaphazela intambo yentambo yentsimbi (ummandla wenkunkuma, i-ash, izichumisi, ityiwa, njl.njl) . Intambo ayifanelanga ukuba isondele kune-2m ukusuka kwinkunkuma kunye ne-cesspool. Isitayile emseleni sivelisa inyoka nge-1-2% yeepesenti ubude bezikrini. Beka ubonelelo lweentambo zentambo akuvumelekanga ukwenzela ukuthintela ukugqitha. Ukuba ufuna ukuqhagamshela iintambo (okanye intambo kunye necingo), ukufaka i-coupling ekhethekileyo evela kwizinto ezifudumeleyo ezifudumeleyo, i-1-1,5m. Ubunzulu bophawu lwe-Cable kwi-primer ayiphantsi kwe-0.7m, xa kunqamle iindlela, izitrato kunye nezikwere - 1m, kwicandelo le-1m, kwi-0.5m.
Ukukhusela iintambo kumonakalo weendawo zokuhlangana kunye nokudityaniswa, baqutyunjwe kwikhonkrithi, i-ceramic, i-cepes-ceng, i-asbestos-ene-100mm nge-100mm nge-100mm nge-A Ubude obukhulu. Xa uwela amakhathisi aphezulu ukuya kwi-35 kV kunye nolunye unxibelelwano lwentambo, owona mgama usezantsi phakathi kwabo kufuneka ube yi-0.5 m.
I-gasket evulekileyo yeentambo zenziwa kwizibiyeli, izakhiwo zentambo kunye neetreyi, zomelezwe kwiindonga zezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo zokwakha. I-gasket yeentambo ngokweziseko ezinokutsha zenziwa kwimibhobho. Ukufakwa kweentambo ezenziwe ngemingxunya kwezakhiwo kwizakhiwo eziveliswa ngamacandelo ekhonkrithi, i-Asbestos-Cepes, imibhobho yeplastiki engekho mthethweni, kwi-ke ebizwa ngokuba yimikhono. Izisombululo zezobugcisa zangoku zezobugcisa zibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwetywina lokungena kwentambo kunye netywina le-thermal (raychem).
Abahleli bebulela iCandelo loMlawuli wasebukhosini i-JSC kunye nentloko. ISebe lezoBunjineli bobunjineli be-Moscow yeziko lobunjineli berediyo, i-elektroniki kunye ne-Automas Autesthensi inxibelelanisa uNjingalwazi V. K. Mnakov ngoncedo kumalungiselelo ezinto.