I-miniditut indalo

I-Bonsnai-ubugcisa bokwenza imifuno yemifuno. Imbali yemvelaphi, izitayile, iimeko zononophelo olufanelekileyo, kunye nentsingiselo eyahlukeneyo yekota.

Ifoto ngu-D.conttantinova

Ifoto ngu-D.conttantinova

IFotobank.

I-Bonsnai yi-esmoding yobuhle kunye nobulumko bendalo emthini mnye

IFotobank.

Umfanekiso wesiqu kunye namasebe, ngokweenkokeli, kufuneka ubonakale kakuhle

IFotobank.

I-wire parlay ihlala ihamba ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo

Ifoto ngu-D.conttantinova

I-Bonsnai ye-herbal

Ifoto m.romakina

I-pine encinci. "Mncinci"

Ifoto ngu-D.conttantinova

Ebusika, i-ceridimes bonai ibonisa ubuhle bamasebe

Ifoto ngu-D.conttantinova

EMpuma, amandla okukhulisa imingxunya ithathelwa ingqalelo phezulu kwezakhono zeBonsaist

Ifoto ngu-A.Dustetkova

UJuniper kwisitayile se "nkuni ezifileyo". Umzekelo we-Ava-Gardise

Ifoto ngu-D.conttantinova

I-Bonsnai inomtsalane kubantu baseYurophu ngembonakalo yawo, kwaye iJapan iyo yonke intanda-bulumko

Ifoto ngu-D.conttantinova

Iitrunks ezigobileyo kunye namasebe abonisa ikamva lemithi yobomi kwindalo

Ifoto m.romakina

Indlela yokukhula kwamasebe ejuniper isetiwe yicingo

Ifoto ngu-D.conttantinova

I-Bonsnai ifanekisela ulutsha (ngexesha lokudubula), ukukhula (ukwakhiwa) kunye nobudala obudala (i-nadt ye-Nat yasebusika)

Ifoto m.romakina

Isigqibo esifanayo sinokuthengwa kwivenkile

Ifoto ngu-A.Dustetkova

I-Spruce yaseKhanada ikhule kwisitayile "

Ifoto ngu-D.conttantinova

I-pine ngokungathi ikhula kwilitye elikhulu

Ifoto m.romakina

I-Prelly kwiHolly, isitayile-"polokscad"

Ifoto ngu-A.Dustetkova

Imithi encinci ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10-16 cm idla ngokuboniswa kwizikhephe ezikhethekileyo

I-Mosses kwi-blue nografiais bonsdai

Ifoto ngu-A.Dustetkova

Iziqhamo zepiracles zinokubamba ngaphezulu konyaka, kwintwasahlobo zikufuphi neentyatyambo ezimhlophe

Ifoto ngu-D.conttantinova

I-Mids yi-mis "ifumana" imithi

Ifoto ngu-A.Dustetkova

I-Autumn-Timai Bonsiai

Ifoto ngu-A.Dustetkova

I-kipse eKiparsovikov

Ifoto m.romakina

IMaple Dlanoid

IFotobank.

Amatye, amanzi kunye nemithi - izinto eziphambili zokulungelelanisa zomhlaba waseJapan

Ifoto ngu-A.Dustetkova

I-Masters yaseJapan ibambe imithi esitratweni kwiiracks

Izandla saManzi okanye ISebe leMithi

Kwingcinga yothando lweentaba kunye nemilambo ehlaziyayo.

Amanzi ngomzuzwana ungasinda

I-Sacrances yenguqu engenakubalwa.

Njengokuthanda iwizard.

Ike-Sanno. Ukubuyela umva I-Bonsnai yaguqulwa ngokoqobo ukusuka eJapan kuthetha "isityalo kwiblowu". Kukholelwa ukuba ubugcisa bokulima kunye nokudalwa kweminqizi yendalo evela malunga neenkulungwane ze-IV-II. BC. e China. Ngokutsho kwentsomi, "ukutywina kwesono" - kwabizwa ngokuba yi-ART ngesiTshayina, ithandwa kakhulu kwizixeko ezikhulu, apho zaziphathwa khona ibloko nganye.

I-Bonsnai yaguqulwa ngokoqobo ukusuka eJapan kuthetha "isityalo kwiblowu". Kukholelwa ukuba ubugcisa bokulima kunye nokudalwa kweminqizi yendalo evela malunga neenkulungwane ze-IV-II. BC. e China. Ngokutsho kwentsomi, "ukutywina kwesono" - kwabizwa ngokuba yi-ART ngesiTshayina, ithandwa kakhulu kwizixeko ezikhulu, apho zaziphathwa khona ibloko nganye. Ukugoba amandla okukhulisa imithi kwiipleyiti zazise iimonki zaseTshayina kwiminyaka emihlanu, kunye neBuddhism. Yayikuqaleni ukuvela kwi-veverop sele kwi-XXV. Ibinzana elithi "I-Bonsii" kwintetho ye-colloffaial isetyenziswa kwimilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo. Ke kaloku kwabizwa ukuba lo mthi ngokwabo, ne-Agrotechnik yokulima kwabo, kwaye ubugcisa bokudala izityalo. Eli gama alithanga kwaye alinamanani amaninzi. I-Bonsnai Counts inika i-bonsdaists.

Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke izityalo ezityalwe kwidangatye zingabizwa ngokuba yi-bonayi. Kukho iikhetshi ezingqongqo ezilawula yonke into ye-ART: indlela yesityalo kunye nenxalenye yenxalenye yayo, imbalelwano yesityalo kunye ne-container, ubuchwephesha bohlobo olukhoyo. Izibonelelo Ezi zekans zingqongqo kakhulu, e-China kunye namanye amazwe aseMpuma zikhululekile. Imithi encinci inokuthelekiswa ne-Skraptige, iphila kuphela kwaye ikhula. I-Tweedited, iBonai igqibeleleyo inamagama abo (umzekelo, "ukubhabha kwenamba emafini").

UVawec Bwanai anokuphuhlisa iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo. Phakathi kwawo ayingesimithi kuphela, kodwa nezihlahlathi, amayeza kunye nezityalo zefayini. Eyona ithandwayo yeyona mithi iqinileyo. Akukho milinganiso yeentlobo ezimbalwa, uninzi lwezityalo ngamagqabi amakhulu kakhulu. I-Classic Bonnai ibandakanya ukuphakama komthi ukusuka kwi-30 ukuya kwi-1 ukuya kwi-1m, kodwa kukho izithombisi ezincinci ngokupheleleyo ezinobude obuyi-1.5-2 ukuya kwi-10-16 cm.

Ubuzwe kunye neekheno

I-Bonsnai ivela eChina, kunye nawo onke amazwe aseVietnam, eKorea, eThailand, eJapan, eyikhulula i-ART, amkele ngokungqinelana neemeko zawo kunye neemeko zazo zenkcubeko. Esona sibonelelo sikhulu kwihlabathi yayinguBonatai waseJapan, eyona ibalaseleyo kubo bonke. Isiko leVyagon sikhona imithetho engqongqo kakhulu yokuqulunqa isityalo ngokwayo, kunye nokukhethwa kwesikhongozeli kunye netafile. YONKE UMNYANGO WE-European Minicals uyahluka kumxholo weetayile zaseJapan Bonai. Abantu baseYurophu, umthi okhule kwi-bonai ubuchwephesha utsala ngokubonakalayo, iminyaka yangaphakathi. Isimo sengqondo se-Uyann kunye ne-Chineses isimo sengqondo sokuziphatha kuye nzulu, yindlela yokuzibonakalisa, ukuqonda kwefilosofi yehlabathi.

Isityalo ngasinye, ngokweephenyane zeklasi zaseJapan, kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezisisiseko. Okokuqala, yiba nefom yesithsaba esiqhelekileyo. Iikona zenxantathu zibonisa umanyano ezintathu-isibhakabhaka, umhlaba kunye ne-binder yekhonkco, umthi. Okwesibini, amasebe kufuneka abekwe zii-tiers, ezichongiweyo kakhulu. Okwesithathu, nganye iviwa ngalinye ayizizo izitya eziqinileyo ezivela kumasebe namagqabi, kodwa zahluke kwiindawo ezahlukileyo, apho amagqabi aphezulu kakhulu. Akwamkelekanga ngamasebe anqabileyo emithini. Yintoni enomdla, yonke i-aesthetics ye-bonstheti ye-bonstheti ibangelwa yibhayoloji yezityalo. Ubume bonxantathu wesithsaba buyimfuneko ukuze iindawo ezingaphezulu zayo azizange zihlambe ezantsi. Amasebe abekwe zii-tiers ukuqinisekisa ukungena nomoya kunye nokufikelela kuwo onke amacandelo esityalo sexabiso lokukhanya elifunayo. Ukutyibilika kwi-biologional Points yembono yindawo ye-microcllume kunye nomanyano olufanelekileyo.

Isitya (i-TOSS) kufuneka sidityaniswe nesityalo esikwimo, ubungakanani, ukuthungwa kunye nombala. Ubona ubunzulu besikhongozeli kunye nomgqomo othe nkqo ulingana nobubanzi bebarrel, kwaye ubude (okanye ubude bomjikelo) buyalingana nobubanzi besithsaba sesithsaba. Kwizityalo ezincinci ezinemijikelezo egudileyo, i-ovar okanye isikhongoliseka okanye isitya se-oval sikhethiwe, nakwimithi emidala enamandla, inxalangile. Ukuveliswa kwe-coadfer ukukhula kwiitanki ezimnyama ezimnyama. Ukuqhuma okuqaqambileyo, ococekileyo, ngokuchasene noko, ngombala. Njengomthetho, ezi nqanawa zipeyintwe kwimithunzi eyahlukeneyo yetyheli, i-cream kunye neblue. Uninzi lwezikhongozeli ze-ceramic zincinci kunokuba kukho iipleyiti ezinqunywe kwilitye eliqinileyo. Eyona nto ixabisekileyo zizikhongozeli zakudala zase-Antiquique ezifunyenweyo, njengommiselo, kwiinqanawa ezitshonisiweyo. Indiza ethe tyaba ilungele ukunzulu, izityalo kubo zibonakala zizinzile ngakumbi, ifom enjalo inegalelo ekusekweni kwenkqubo yeengcambu ze-bonayi, iququzelele ukuhanjiswa kweengcambu. I-Inland Pots ikhulisa iintlobo ze-moring-oding (umzekelo, ukuntywila) okanye iikopi ezineefom ezixhonyiweyo kunye ne-semi.

Uninzi lweetafile (malunga neepesenti ezingama-90) zenzelwe ukubonisa i-bonayi yenziwa kwi-Santan (Pterokarpus Santalinus). Iinkuni zayo ze-orenji kunye nexesha elimnyama. Kukho neetafile kumthi we-ebony, i-quinces, iidiliya, iiperile. Esinjani sona i-bonayi enkulu, kokukhona kuya kuba yitafile kuye. Imithi emincinci ethandekayo ikwimiphunga ebonakalayo, "iitafile" zomoya ezinemilenze ephantsi. Iimodeli eziphakamileyo zilungele izityalo ezityebileyo neziwela (izitayile ze-cascade ezinesiqingatha sekomityi). Ukuba i-bonsdai ine-farcing barrel, kungcono ukukhetha itafile eqingqiweyo eyenziwe kwinxalenye yomthi okanye uyixelise. Imifuno ibekwe kwiipleyiti zomthi oflethiweyo ezenziwe ngepeyinti.

Amaphupha afanelekileyo avela kwi-laconic sepapan, i-chinese ye-chinese hansnai ngakumbi kwaye incinci. Apha musa ukunyanzela iimfuno ezininzi zokulinganisa ubume begrowa kunye nesithsaba. Iipleyiti kunye neetafile zilayishwa kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo zokuhlobisa kwaye zipeyintwe ngemibala eqaqambileyo, ngelixa eJapan ezi zinto zithintelwe kakhulu. I-Wkitalai ikwakhona nezikolo ezikhuthaza ubuncinci bokungenelela komntu kuphuhliso lwemincili yesityalo. Kukwakho ne-tricky "yemithi egqwesileyo inika uhlobo lwehieroglyphs okanye izilwanyana, ezinje ngeedragoni.

Kwisiko le-Vietnamese, isitayile se "isityalo kwilitye" sithandwa: iingcambu zomthi zinelitye kwaye zingekho kwangoko emanzini, ke akukho mhlaba kwisitya. I-Ikaytai, kwaye iVietnam ye-Vietnayi inokugqitywa ngabalobi ngeentonga zokuloba, izindlu zodongwe, ii-herons ezinemilenze enye, ii-rones ezinemilenze enye, ezibekwe kwisitya, ecaleni komthi. Inguqulelo ye-vympmic enjalo umhombiso unqabile kakhulu.

I-Suiseks ithathelwa ingqalelo kufutshane ne-bonstai ("sui" - amanzi, "skeus" - ilitye) kunye nebhonasi ("izityalo"). I-Suises yimifanekiso yokomfuziselo yemimandla eyahlukeneyo enezinto ezimbini eziphambili kunye namanzi. Oku kungaphoswa ukusuka kumthombo wentaba okanye ichibi ezintabeni. Ngaphaya koko, amanzi yindalo okanye itshintshwe yintlabathi eyomileyo, kodwa ngokubanzi ingekho, ichaziwe kuphela.

I-oonotions ye-Bonkei kwiSiko laseTshayina kunye neVietnam yi-rard yamatye, izityalo, amanani ezilwanyana nabantu, izindlu ezincinci. Abahlali base-Uyan kwi-bobqueitely- timection-thesporations ukusuka kwi-ELM okanye kwi-Disks kwi-IDR yamatye.

I-toconoma -Ngaba le i-niche yoxande ngodonga malunga nemitha enye enesiqingatha ububanzi, ipeyintiwe, njengommiselo, kwi-nonsense mbala, umzekelo. Uyilo lwangaphandle lwe-toconom luqondakala kakhulu kwaye lungathandeki, lunokuba sisisa sokuhombisa usebenzisa i-bamboo bomgqomo okanye umthi ongonelanga. Ezantsi kobuhle, iMat ichithiwe, isityalo ngokwaso siboniswa kwitafile. Ukongeza kwi-Bonsnai, kunokubakho izifundo ezi-2-3 kwiCotom, ezenzelwe ukuba zithethe ngokubhekisele kuyo okanye igxininise ixesha lonyaka. Izinto ezihamba nazo zihlala zisisityalo esongeziweyo (shrub okanye i-bonsmai ye-Herbs), kunye nomfanekiso okanye iskrolto eludongeni. Umfanekiso, njengommiselo, wenziwa kwindlela yokupeyinta isilika, amabali - imihlaba efunwayo ye-hieroglyph incinci ye-calligraph, apho intsingiselo enkulu yefilosomu yefilosomu okanye umtya wembongi ugqityiwe.

Izitayile

Zonke i-Bonai kufuneka zichukumise isityalo sendalo esikhula kwiimeko zendalo zasendle. Isiqu somthi, sityhafisa kwilitye, kuqala ukugoba, ukuphinda ubume bakhe, kwaye kukhetha ukukhanya, hamba ngqo. I-Aesley yayilungiselelwe ukuba izalwe kwilitye elivulekileyo, indlela yokukhula iya kunikwa imimoya eqhubekayo kule ndawo. Isekwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zendalo zemithi yokukhuthala "yaphuhliswa. Ngamnye wabo utsala eyakhe, ngokungafaniyo. Isiko leVyagon saziwa ngaphezulu kweetayile ezili-10 ze-bonsnai enye kunye nokufika kwamaqela. Ezinye iindlela zilula ekudaleni, njengokuba, umzekelo, nkqo, i-fan okanye i-fan okanye idolophu ngumoya, ezinye zinzima yi-mast yendlela yokugcina isitayile okanye imithi efileyo. I-Bonsnai enye inokwanelisa iimfuno zezitayile ezininzi ngaxeshanye.

I-Bonsnai-Art "Idrama". Impembelelo yempembelelo, umzobi ukhetha imithi ukuba ikopi, edlula kwiimeko zendalo edlula kwiimvavanyo ezininzi. Yeyiphi idrama yokutyala? Izalwe kwiimeko ezingafanelekanga-kwilitye apho umhlaba unqabile kwaye uswele ukufuma. Mhlawumbi wakhe wazijonga izilwanyana, i-bark yayonakaliswa, isiqu senye into. U-Andor, kunokwenzeka, ukuba angakwazi ukuphepha umoya rhoqo, ikhephu, iindudumo kunye nesichotho-i-Exestor-icinezela nezona ziko lekopi enganyangekiyo. Amahlumelo esityalo, awadlulisela zonke ezi mvavanyo, akanakuba njalo, isiqu sijijile, i-inversttices incinci. Ixabiseke ngakumbi i-bonsnae, eyafunyanwa kwindalo. Kodwa kwanembonakalo yesityalo, esaphuhliswa ekhaya, sizihambisa ngokupheleleyo kwaye sithuthuzelekile, kufuneka sibe ngumdlalo omangalisayo. Ke ngoko, isiqu kunye namasebe athatyathwa ngokukhethekileyo ngoncedo lwengcingo okanye ukulibaziseka, i-bark isuswe kwezinye iindawo okanye iphakanyisiwe.

Ukukhetha izityalo

Njengoko i-bonai inokukhula uninzi lweentlobo-zinemithi emidleleni neyodwa, amayeza. Nangona kunjalo, intsha, kungcono ukuba ungaqali ngo "mazantsi" antsonkothileyo, njengemipu okanye ifir, ethi ithandwa kakhulu ngabaqalayo. Kuya kuba yimfuneko ubuncinci iminyaka engama-5-6 yamava ekukhathaleleni izityalo ezingenakunyangwa (ificus okanye i-fics okanye i-fitting) ukuze unxibelelwano nempumelelo ngakumbi luphumelele. Empumalanga, amandla okukhulisa ngokweenkolo ithathwa njengesakhono sokukhwela ubuchule boBinazi.

Abalandeli abaqalayo be-Indoor Bonnai bayakhuthazwa ukuba bakhethe iintlobo ebezingafuneki bubusika-kwiimeko zendlu yezidolophu eziqhelekileyo, akukho lula ukuyilungiselela. Ukunganyanyeki Murraya -Isityalo esinesithunzi esinomtsalane onomdla kakhulu we-thubs esiqaqambileyo, iintyatyambo ezimnandi ezimnandi kunye neziqhamo ezibomvu ezikhanyayo. Kuyinyani, uneminatha yalo: Amagqabi kaMurai ayikhulu kwaye nakwimina encinci ingabi ngaphantsi kwe-4 cm, eyokomelela i-Bonsiai kakhulu. Ungacebisa ukuba uthenge Iphakheji yeGîthe Ngubani onenaliti ekukhumbuza kakhulu amagqabi aphezulu, ama-mellite Fikis (umzekelo, I-Ficus ifakwe ). Ngendlela, zonke ezi ntlobo zikhule ngaphakathi kwi-bonai ye-bonai nakwiNtshona Yurophu abufumanekanga eJapan. Ukuqala kwebhonasi kunokunconyelwa Grenade (musa ukoyikeka, ukuba usekuweni uqhuba ngequbuliso amagqabi), Vsem chinese (Ukuba ihlala igcinwe egumbini, emva koko amahlamvu amadala awela emva kwembonakalo entsha kwaye umthi ujika abe semgceni), I-Chinese Juniper (Kuyinyani, akufuneki uthenge iisampulu ezinkulu nexabiso eliphezulu, kungcono ukuqala ukusikwa okuncinci okanye kunye neembewu), Imephu ezintathu-Inxalenye, i-Malpiga, i-carmona, i-psdidium, i-bamboo okanye umnquma.

Ukuba awuhlali phantsi imbewu yokufika kunye nokulindelwa okude kwesiphumo, thenga iBonsai okanye ilungele (i-SEI-ilungele (ebizwa ngokuba yiivenkile ezikhethekileyo okanye kwiivenkile ezikhethekileyo okanye kwivenkile ekhethekileyo. Imbonakalo yegumbi labantu abadala (ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-2-3 okanye ngaphezulu), kodwa okwangoku), kodwa kwenzekile, emva kokuyitshisa kwaye idluliselwe kwisitya esisicaba. Elona xesha lilungileyo lokwenza le ntwasahlobo, kwezinye iintlobo. Ixabiso lesityalo esinjalo livela kwi-500-800 kwiipesenti eziliwaka ruble. Ikopi ebizayo kufuneka ithengwe kuphela ukuba unethuba nangaliphi na ixesha lokufumana uthethathethwano okanye amava aneleyo okukhula kwe-bonsnayi. Xa uthenga isityalo, nikela ingqalelo kuphuhliso lwenkqubo yeengcambu, ifom kunye nezinto zangaphandle ze-bonsnai (okanye isithsaba esihle kunye nesityalo esinemityalo esempilweni). Ukuqwalaselwa konyaka wokuqala, khulisa ikamva lakho le-bonsdai njengowona mthi uqhelekileyo, ungangxami ukuqala inkqubo yokwakha ubugcisa. Ngeli xesha, esi sityalo siya kuba nexesha lokuziqhelanisa neemeko zakho, kwaye siqhele umqeshi omtsha kwaye sibe ngcono ukuyazi "imikhwa yakhe".

Izitayile ze-bonsnai zemithi ene-borrel enye

1. I-Chokkan (TKKKAN) - Isenzo esithe nkqo, okanye isitayile, isitayile. Esi sisiko elincinci lemithi ekhula kwindalo phantsi kweemeko ezintle, ukufumana amanzi, ukutya nokukhanya kubuthathaka. Isitayile kuphela kunye nesiqu esithe ngqo. I-Barrel ibhekiswe ngokuthe nkqo, njengoko ikhula ubukhulu, kwaye isithathu esisezantsi singamasebe. Amasebe angaphezulu agutyungelwe kakhulu ngamagqabi, balifutshane kwaye bathambile. Ngokwesiqhelo esi sitayela sisetyenziselwa iZelkva, satya, i-Arch, iCedar, i-cryptomeria.

2. I-shakan (Xiac) -Ukuthobekile, isitayile se-prone. Isiqu somthi sigobile kwaye siphambuka kancinci, ngokungathi ngenxa yokuba isityalo sihlala kwithambeka yeentaba okanye "sanda" kwisithunzi esimnyama. Elona sebe liphantsi libhekiswe kwicala elahlukileyo lomthi, ulinganiso lusekho. Isitayile silungele uninzi lwezityalo ezinobuchule (i-pines, i-thuni, i-guniper, i-sequoia idr), kunye ne-merilies (i-idr).

3. UMogi (Mogi) -Isitayile esithe nkqo, okanye isiqu esijikelezileyo. Esi sesinye sezitayile eziphambili, kwaye ngenani lemifanekiso, mhlawumbi eyona nto ininzi kakhulu. Ukuba amaJapan enza kube nzima ukukhetha isitayile se-bonai, iMoyogi ihlala isetyenziswa. Yahluke kwezinye izinto ukuba iisampulu zayo zingafani nawo. I-Trunk inomzimba ongaqhelekanga, ojijekileyo, kwaye iigonyo zinokuba liqela, kwaye ezantsi zihlala zivakaliswa ngokuqaqambileyo. Ukusondela kwiqonga lala "maza" zithambile, kwaye iphezulu yomthi ngokuchanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo phezu kwesiseko sayo. Sebenzisa esi sitale phantse kuzo zonke iintlobo zemithi, kodwa ngokukodwa i-pine, okuthile, iMaple, juniper.

4. I-IShitsuki (i-Istisuki) - "hulisa ilitye", "uqhotyoshelwe eliweni." I-Bonsnai kwesi sitayi ibonakala ikhula ngaphandle kwamatye kwaye kubunzulu bakhe konke kukutya okufunekayo namanzi. Ngapha koko, kwilitye apho kukho amabala azaliswe ngumhlaba. Ilungele imithi enenkqubo yeengcambu ezinamandla, iipine, iitrappes, iRhododendrons.

5. I-Fukinagashi (Fukinagasi) - Ngokwenene kunye nebhokisi yokujonga iJapan i-Japanese, ichithwe ngumoya. Umthi (uhlala unengcali) ngokungathi uqhekezwe umoya womoya: Isiqu kunye namasebe akhula ngendlela enye, kwaye apho umoya "uvuthuza khona, amasebe.

6. Hokidachi (hokidati) -Ukhumbula, okanye ukugculela. I-Barrel ithe tyaba ngokuthe nkqo, kodwa ayikude, ihamba ze, ngaphandle kwamasebe aphantsi kwayo. Amasebe athabathela kwindawo ephezulu ye-trunk ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke iindlela, ngokungathi fan wasasazeka. I-Croon Symmetric, imilo ye-stific kunye ne-munse kakhulu. Ngenxa yeseti yamasebe amancinci, umthi unembono enomdla nangona amagqabi. Kanye le ndlela iphantse yabonakaliswa ngokugqibeleleyo e-Zeikova (Zelkva). Ilungele iZelkva, Elm, Maple kunye ne-Greb.

7. Keongai (kengai) -I-Cascade. Iprototype yesi sitayile yayiyimithi, inyanzelwe ukuba silwele ubukho babo ngeendlela zabo ezinamatye, baguqa phantsi kwesichotho sokuwa kwamatye, ngenxa yokungabikho kokukhanya okanye phantsi kobunzima babo. Ukuma isebe kuqala ezantsi kwesiqu. Izitrit ngokwayo, ziyavukela, ngokungalindelekanga "ziwela", "ihamba" ecaleni, ihla ngezantsi kwesiseko sesitya. Ukuze isityalo sibukeka kakuhle, ibekwe kwindawo ephezulu okanye kumphetho wetafile. Ilungele i-pine, i-juniper, eKizilnik, i-rimodendron, i-plim, iWillow, ivy, uAzale, kuba bahlala kubo kwiimeko zendalo. Akunconyelwanga kwimithi eqinileyo, engalunganga.

8. I-Hankengai (Hantongai) -IPolokscad. I-Barrel ayikho kangako kwi-cascade, ihlala ingaphantsi kwesiseko serig. Isebe elincinci le-tops lijolise kulomthi ophambeneyo womthi, ngoko ke ukubekwa kukungazinzi. Ifanelekile kuzo zonke iintlobo zemithi, ngaphandle komelele, zingalunganga.

9. I-sharimiki (i-cayarimics) Isimbo "isitayile". Ilungele iingqungquthela. Abanini manini, bakhule kwithambeka leentaba, amalungu ahlukeneyo e-barrel akagutyungelwanga i-bark kwaye ityhuzulwe liLanga. Amanye amasebe anokuba makame ngokupheleleyo. Ke, la macandelo omthi afileyo adalelwa ngobuchule, ngokusika amaqhekeza athile, alandelwa kukubopha isiqu. Esi sisimbo esinzima kakhulu.

10. Neagari (iNagari) - "Iingcambu eziphumayo". Yonke ingqalelo yombukeli igxile kwiingcambu ezintle kwaye ezinamandla, ikhupha i-trunk kwaye, ngokungathi iphakamisa wonke umthi, - kubonakala ngathi imile kwizitali. Isitayile silungile kwizityalo ezenza iingcambu zomoya, ezinje ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zeficus (i-full, ibanga elilungileyo, i-melling).

11. Ikadabuki (iKadabuki) -Umntu owileyo ". Lo ngumgangatho ophethwe yindalo, kodwa nakwisiqu esikhulu esinobuchule, umhlaba onyawo onesiqingatha kunye nokuhluza amahlumelo amaninzi amaninzi. Ilungele zonke iintlobo zemithi.

12. Bunjjengi (i-bunduss) Isitayile "soncwadi". Eli gama alibonisi ubuhle besi sitayile, kodwa endaweni yoko imbali yokwenzeka kwayo. Ngaphandle kwexesha likaBhonayi lathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwe-China le-Crealigigia, edale isitayile esikhethekileyo se-bonayi. I-Bunjjengi ingakhiwa ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi kuneefom zeklasi kwaye iqikelelwa yikhrayitheriya ze-canonical. Isiqu somthi side, sincinci kwaye sibambile, amasebe aqala kwisithathu esiphezulu. Luhlobo lwesiqu esigxilwe kuyo, ngenxa yoko amagqabi akonelanga, isithsaba asiyo. Kukukhanya, umoya kwaye ujongeka ngathi ngumfanekiso opeyintiweyo weencwadi zamandulo zaseJapan.

I-Bonsnaiai

Ukuqulunqwa kobuchule kwe-bonayi, kubalulekile ukuba ufunde kangangoko malunga nendlela ethile yesityalo, osifumeneyo: Apho uhlala khona kwiimeko zendalo, lithini imigangatho yokukhula, ukukhanya, ukukhanya, ukukhanya, Umhlaba, ubushushu, umswakazi womoya. Ifomu hayi kuphela isiqu kunye namasebe e-bonai, kodwa neengcambu. Oku kuhlala kwenziwe xa kutshintshwa izityalo. Shiya iingcambu eziphambili ezizabalaze kakhulu kwi-barrel. Iingcambu eziphumayo zenza icawe "abantu abadala", indlela yabo ixhomekeke kwisitayile esikhethiweyo. Inxalenye yomhlaba kwisitya idla ngokugutyungelwa ngemoss, kodwa kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zegumbi, amaqondo obushushu asezantsi kunye nokufuma okuphezulu kuyacelwa ukuba akhule.

Ukulinywa komthi kwinani elincinci lomhlaba sele kunegalelo lokwehla kwayo kwisixa, ukucothisa ukukhula kwayo, ubumbili.

Ngokwalakho lokukhula, amasebe asebenzisa iindlela ezininzi: wire ukuxabana, akhupha iimpahla okanye akhuphele kwiingcambu. Ucingo lungcono ukusebenzisa ubhedu, iplasitiki, unjiwe kakuhle, unokuthintelwa ngombala we-crust. Ububanzi bayo bufanele bube malunga ne-1/3 yobungqingqwa besebe okanye isiqu. Sisebenzisa kuphela i-wire kwicala elinye-ukusuka kwi-trunk ukuya kumasebe, kwi-angle ye-45. Elona xesha lilungileyo lomsebenzi - ngaphambi kokuqalisa kwezintso, emva koko isityalo sine ukutshintsha kakhulu. Kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lokukhula kwe-bonsnai, ucingo luphawulwe ixesha ukusuka kwinyanga enye ukuya kwiminyaka enye enesiqingatha. Ukuba awukaze uyeke ukuphunyezwa komsebenzi, ukuziqhelanisa namasebe namasebe awaziswa ehlathini.

Amagqabi ayo nayiphi na i-bonai kufuneka ingabi-mbala, umbala ogcweleyo. Izitrato zokuncipha kobungakanani bamagqabi afezekiswa ngokususa iplate yephepha ukusuka ekuqaleni kukaJuni ukuya ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Amagqabi asuswa ngokupheleleyo, eshiya kuphela isiqwenga sasekhaya kuphela. Emva kwexesha elithile emva kokuncitshiswa, isityalo saphinda sanda, siya kusinda "intwasahlobo yesibini". Le ndlela isetyenziselwa kuphela izityalo ezinempilo kwaye azisetyenziselwa ukuqengqa, iziqhamo kunye nengcali.

Ukhathalelo

Ezona zinto ziphambili ekukhathaleni inkathalo yemifuno-icocekile amanzi, ukondla kwangexesha, iinwele ezingama-2-3 ngonyaka kunye nokutshintsha amaxesha ngamaxesha-kanye kwiminyaka embalwa. Xa usenza kwaye ushiye i-bonayi kufuneka iseti yonke yezixhobo: ityhubhu ye-Cebate, i-cubing ye-Scids yomsebenzi omuhle, amalungiselelo eenkuni ezimhlophe, ukuba wenza i-bonai kwisitayile se "Iinkuni ezifileyo") It .p. Ubungakanani bezixhobo buxhomekeke kubungakanani bomthi.

Emva kokunkcenkceshela, umhlaba kufuneka ubetyhafe ngokupheleleyo, ukunkcenkceshelwa okulandelayo kwenziwa emva kokomisa. Amanzi amanzi acetyiswa ukuba ahlukane iiyure ezininzi, kwaye ukuba iqulethe ityiwa eninzi, icebo lokucoca. Amanzi i-bonai yeqondo lobushushu lamanzi, akukho meko ayisiyiyo izityalo ezibandayo ezikhoyo ezinokufa. Izithako ze-bonsnai kufuneka zibe nemingxunya emikhulu yokutya (1.5-0 cm ububanzi) kunye nemilenze emincinci. Isikhongozeli sihlala sibeka kwi-pallet, umaleko woMoya phakathi kwesona sitya kunye nomphezulu wePallet unyanzelekile, ukuze amanzi agqithisileyo avela kwisitya. Izityalo ziyacetyiswa ukuba zigcine izixhobo zokufudumeza kunye nokuyila.

Kwiindidi ezininzi (i-mittle, iminquma, irharnary, i-rosemary idr., Kunye nemithi ephakathi, ubusika bokuphumla xa ixesha lokukhula lilala kwaye isityalo silele. Ixesha le-WONAI kufuneka ligcinwe kumaqondo obushushu avela ekukhanyeni thabatha ukuya + kwi-10-15 (kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-Greenhouse eshushu, kwi-garedgia ebilayo, i-balcony okanye kwigaraji. Iyinyaniso, indawo emnyama efana negaraji ilungele kuphela i-hardwood, izityalo ezihlanganisiweyo kunye nasebusika zifuna ukukhanya. Ukunkcenkceshela ngexesha lobusika kungokulinganiseka kakhulu. Ixesha lokuphumla lixhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile. Kukholelwa ukuba i-pine yehlathi eliqhelekileyo, iyimfuneko malunga neentsuku ezili-150 kunye namaqondo obushushu amabi. Ukuba uhlutha umthi wobusika obunjalo, emva koko, nge-2-3 yeminyaka iya kufa. Ukuqunjelwa, ngokuchaseneyo, ixesha lasebusika loxolo lithuba elifutshane, i-1.5-2 kwiqondo lobushushu le-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwelama-5 ukuya kwelama-5 ukuya kwelama-5 ukuya kwelama-5.

Ixesha loxolo olunzulu lubaluleke kakhulu, uphuhliso oluyingenelo lwesityalo kwixesha elizayo lixhomekeke kuyo. Ukulungiselela i-bonai ebusika, musa ukuchitha i-trim emva koMbindi we-Agasti. Ekuqaleni, ungasebenzisi isichumisi esityebileyo esityebileyo, kwaye ngoSeptemba, ukondla isichumisi sakho esine-phossilitize yomxholo we-calcium kunye ne-phosphorus, inegalelo ekuchanyo olukhulu kakhulu. Ixesha lasebusika esebusika, iintlobo zobusika (ikakhulu zivela kwi-tropics) ziya kufuna ukuqaqambisa ezongezelelweyo ze-phytolampa.

Kanye ngeminyaka embalwa, i-Bonsnai kufuneka idluliselwe kwisikhundla esikhulu (malunga ne-2 cm enkulu ubukhulu kwaye sinzulu kakhulu kunangaphambili). Izikhongozeli zihlala zifumana kwangoko njengeseti yonke-zenziwa kwisitayile esinye kwaye sinelungelo omnye komnye, njengoMatrioshkam. Iimpawu zemfuno engxamisekileyo yokufakelwa zinokuba ziingcambu ezivela kwimingxunya yokutya okanye ngokuzalisa idangatye. I-Binai Iminyaka yobudala ye-Binai kangangesithuba seminyaka emi-3-4 idla ngokutsalwa rhoqo ngonyaka, izityalo ezininzi zabantu - kanye emva kweminyaka emi-3, kunye nemithi eyafikelela kwiminyaka elishumi, ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-15. Elona xesha lifanelekileyo kule nkqubo yintwasahlobo, xa izityalo ziqala utyani. I-Herbules evela kwi-tropic efudumeleyo yexesha elo nyaka inokuba liliqela, kwaye zonke zilungile ngokulinganayo.

Izitayile ze-bonsnai zomhlaba ohlukeneyo

1. Sokan (Sokan) -Umntu ophakathi. Iibhanti ezimbini ezikhula ukusuka kwisiseko esinye, azifani ngokuphakama kunye nevolumu. U-Uyavonian utsho uyise nonyana. "Utata" ngulowo uThinte naphezulu, isithsaba sakhe asifanele sibe segqobhoza size sisiqonde isithsaba soNyana. Ilungele i-Spruce, i-pine, i-birch, i-sequoia, Elm, iJuniper.

2. I-Sankan (iSinkan) -Umbala kathathu. Iziqu ezithathu, ezifuzisela utata, mama nonyana bakhula ukusuka kwingcambu enye.

3. Gokan. - iziqu ezintlanu. Izityalo ezihlanu zityelwe kufutshane. Iingcambu zazo ziya kuhamba ngexesha, kwaye imithi ingabi nakukhetshwa.

4. IKabudaki (Kabedati, okanye Kabedchi) - iprut. Iitrikhi ezininzi zikhula ukusuka kwisiseko esinye. Amaqhinga kunye namasebe abonakalayo ngokucacileyo kwaye angenzi amatye aqinileyo. Esona sityalo sifanelekileyo sixhonywe, kunye ne-Elm, i-Greb, iKarmona, i-Seris, i-Malpiria.

5. Yose-ue (se-ue) - "grose", okanye "ihlathi kwisandla". Ukuxeliswa kwangena ekukhanyeni kwemigudu egudileyo. Khetha inani elingaqhelekanga lezityalo ezinamagqabi amancinci. Iziko ukusuka kwimithi yeli ntlobo lidlala iintlobo zesithsaba, ithemba kunye nesingqisho sokutyala.

Ishunyantiso

I-Bonsnai yi-esmoding yobuhle bonke nobulumko bendalo, indalo iphela. Ke ngoko, isityalo ngasinye kufuneka sibonakaliswe ngokungqongqo ngokukodwa, kwaye singeyiyo ngokudibeneyo nabanye. Konke ingqalelo kuyahlawulwa kuye yedwa. Ngapha koko, isityalo ngasinye sinexesha layo leyona hlombe kunye nomtsalane omkhulu. Ke, irharnati ne-Azaas zibeka kakuhle ngexesha lokuqhinga, xa amagqabi agutyungelwe ngamagqabi aphuzi, imephu ibe yiminyaka emithathu ebusika, ngaphandle kwamagqabi amahle Amasebe awo, kunye ne-maple ye-palmamus-entwasane okanye ekwindla, xa amahlamvu aphula umlilo obomvu.

I-alvoy ye-bonai ikhulile esitratweni, indlu ikwanjalo nje iintsuku ezimbalwa, ngeholide okanye ukufika kweendwendwe (ngexesha lokuchazwa, isityalo asinamanzi). I-niche ekhethekileyo ye-niche yayakhelwe imiboniso, apho kukho itafile ne-Bonai. I-mini-bonssoids yokuphakama kwe-10-15 okanye kuphela 1.5-33 iboniswe kwizithambisi, kwaye isitya ngasinye sinokuma kwitafile encinci encinci.

Ngokwe-canons yaseJapan yeClassic, isityalo ngasinye sinendawo yobuso - ngexesha lokumbonisa, kubhekiswe kumbukeli. Yenza ubuso be-bonsnai "Ukujongana" nokuchonga isiqu, isiqu, eyona nto iphambili yamasebe ayibonakali ngokucacileyo, ithathe kakhulu ukugoba kakhulu. Lo mthi ubonakala ngathi uthobekile kumbukeli: Okokuqala, ngaphezulu kwesiseko, isiqu siya kulibala ngasemva, kwaye umphezulu wayo uya kugoba i-Earical Wamkelekile kwimpuma. Icala elithi "iparade" limiselwa ekuqaleni kokusekwa komthi omncinci kwaye zonke izityholo ezilandelayo zenziwa, zinikwe indawo yayo.

I-Vevecé, apho abangeneli bathe kunqabile ukuba bahlonitshwe ngemiboniso tele eJapan kwaye apho i-Indoor Bonai ixhaphakile, isiko lophononongo liphuhlisiwe. Ke ngoko, izityalo azinantsingiselo "yobuso" apha. I-Bonsnai ingafakwa, umzekelo, kweziko leholo, kwitafile eyahlukileyo. Kubalulekile kuphela ukuba indalo ivunyelwe ukuba igxininise konke ukudalwa komthi omncinci. Itheyibhile yomboniso ilula kakhulu: Umthombo wamaplanga, ogutyungelwe ngephepha elinemibala elimnyama, i-mat okanye i-photon yetafile. Ingqwalaselo yobutshaba ayifanele iphazanyiswe kukuqiniswa kwamanye amazwe okanye i-napkins ye-napkins. Imvelaphi eqhelekileyo ikwaqaqambile kwaye ayiqhelekanga, imhlophe, i-beige okanye i-grey ukuze i-silhouette yesityalo esoyiswa ngokucacileyo. Ukuba i-bonai aliqela iboniswe kwigumbi, kufuneka isuswe.

Izityalo zinomdla kakhulu ukuba ziqwalaselwe ebantwini kwaye ziphendule kuyo, ngamanye amaxesha, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha emva kweminyaka emininzi. Njengoko amava abonisiweyo, ukulinywa kwe-bonsnai ikakhulu kubandakanyeka kubantu abaqolileyo, ngeMVIWO LWEZAKHONO LWEZAKHONO kunye nesimo sengqondo sobomi.

Abahleli bebulela inkampani "Victoria 2001", Alexander Vinyara kunye noMongameli Bonkai kwi-GBS. N.v. UTamar Alousov Tamar Tamar TamarOv ukulungiselela izinto.