Iinkqubo zokubonelela ngamandla ezizenzekelayo zokusetyenziswa kwindlu yelizwe: iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo ezincinci, iimpawu zabo.
Kudala sibuhlungu sentuthumbulo kwaye singayilindeli ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kombane, naphina apho bakhoyo. Nokuba kweyona hort ithobe i-cottare yehlobo, namhlanje azibizi ngaphandle kwefriji kunye nezixhobo zokukhanyisa. Inye intlekele: malunga nokunikezelwa kwamandla okungekho mgangathweni kunye nomgangatho ophezulu ngoku kuya kufuneka uphuphe. Ukuvalwa kombane kwaphela, iinethiwekhi eziphelelwe lixesha, ukunqongophala komthamo, iingxaki ezininzi, kwaye zininzi iingxaki, kwaye kubonakala ngathi, ngaphandle komphuhlisisi. Kulapho uqala ukucinga ngokwakho, amandla ekhaya! Ngoba kutheni? Iphupha liyaphumelela.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba phantse lonke unxibelelwano lwanamhlanje kunye nenkqubo yenkqubo yobomi inkxaso yendlu ukuya kwisidanga esinye okanye enye ixhomekeke kunikezelo lwamandla. Ukufudumeza, ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi, ukuntywila, unyango lwamanzi, isivusi kunye nezixhobo zokuhlolwa kwevidiyo, indawo yomoya, i-ventilations kunye nonxibelelwano-konke kudinga ukuhanjiswa kwamandla. Xa umbane uyayeka ukungena kwindawo yakho, ezinye iinkqubo zinokuhamba kwindawo kaxakeka. Kodwa uninzi lwazo ziyala ukusebenza. Kwaye ayikokunciphisa inqanaba lentuthuzelo, izixhobo ezibizayo zinokuphuma. Umzekelo, indawo ehlala ihleli ye-Boiler ebusika iya kusongelwa ngokukhulula inkqubo yokufudumeza kunye nokubonelela ngamanzi.
Ewe kunjalo, ukucwangcisa okufanelekileyo Inkqubo yokubonelela ngogcinolo lwemilo kungcono kwinqanaba lokwakha okanye lokugqibela. Ukwenzela ukuba umgangatho wamandla xa uqhagamshela kwiseti yendawo, kuphakama, unokuseta isitayile se-stabitancy kunye nomsebenzi wokucoca i-frequency (moya we-stabilizer). Iya kugcina uxinzelelo lwe-220v kwinethiwekhi yakho, kwaye kwangaxeshanye icebo lombane langoku ukusuka kwi-free-freency kunye nokuphazamiseka okuphazamiseka. I-Voltial Volttage iqala apho izidlo zasekhaya (128-275 b), ikuvumela ukuba uqinisekise ukuba izinto eziqhelekileyo zekhaya kwiimeko zoncedo lwamandla asezantsi (ngaphandle kwesixeko uninzi lokujongana ne-voltage encitshisiweyo).
Kwaye ukuze i-grid yamandla yasekhaya ifumane i-grid yokufumana inkululeko evela kwi-whims yendawo yendawo, ufuna umthombo wombane wakho. Iibhloko zesondlo ezingafakwanga azinakulindeleka ukuba ziphume kwisikhundla, ziyasebenza kude kube kusetyenziswe khona iibhetri. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba ukuvuselelwa koncedo lwamandla kuhlehliswa ngokungapheliyo? Namhlanje, i-petroli yepetroli okanye i-Diesemer Speenerator, okanye izityalo ezincinci ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi zisetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo. Rhoqo esi sixhobo siza kubonakala kuphela ngexesha lokwakha, ukuba umgca wokuhambisa amandla awukaqhutywa kwindawo yokwakha.
Yintoni?
Isixhobo esivakalayo esifanayo sivelisa umbane okwangoku sibizwa ngokuba sahlukile. Ke kwivenkile onokuyiva amagama athi "inkqubo yemveliso yombane", "iyunithi yombane", "ufakelo lwemveliso", "iSitishi saMandla" i-IDR. Ngokomgaqo, onke la magama afanelekile. Siya kuvuma ukufowunela izixhobo ezinesityalo esinezilwanyana. Oku kubhekisa kwisixhobo apho ezo zixhobo ziphambili ziyi-injini yokudibana yangaphakathi kunye nemveliso yombane. Ukuba wenza lula imigaqo-nkqubo yokusebenza kwesityalo samandla kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kujongeka ngolu hlobo: I-motor, itshisa ipetroli, ijikeleza i-fuft ngqo kunye nomqeshwa we-generator. I-generator, nayo, iguqula amandla ombane. Ukuba ayikhathalelwanga iisampulu zemizi-mveliso, kwaye ndithetha kuphela kwizikhululo ezikhulu ezincinci zokusetyenziswa kwekhaya, ke, njengommiselo, i "Veenerator" ye "Veenjini" ifakwe kwisakhelo esiqinileyo senziwe ngemibhobho yentsimbi, ixhotywe ngetanki yamafutha, Isixhobo sokusungula iyunithi yamandla, i-Insor yenqanaba leoyile, ikhawuntara yeMotocami, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo. Ukuba isikhululo sixhotyisiwe ngebhetri (nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abavelisi abafakwanga Kwinqwaba esisiseko kwaye icinyiwe ukongeza kwintlawulo).Uluhlu lwezixhobo zombane zesikhululo zinokuba zibanzi ngokwaneleyo. Kuxhomekeka kwimodeli, i-voltmeter, i-ammeter, i-Itolicage yohlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo, isixhobo esikhuselayo esichasene nolawulo olukhoyo phakathi kwenethiwekhi kunye ne-12-i-12-volt Phuma i-DC yeebhetri ukuba i-IT.D. Kuyinyani, into nganye isebenzisa ulwakhiwo lwesikhululo, okuthetha ukuba ikhula kakhulu indleko. Ke ngoko, kwiimeko ezininzi, abavelisi babonelela ngeemodeli ezisisiseko, kwaye nezixhobo zombane ezongezelelweyo zinokuyalelwa ngentlawulo.
Uninzi lwezikhululo zamandla zinikezelwa ngeNqaku eliMiselweyo (ngokuthetha nje, iziseko). Kodwa ukuba iyunithi yenzelwe ufakelo lwamandla oluvalo njengomthombo wamandla ogcino, kuyavakala ukuqhagamshela kwii-elektrothi ngqo kwi-terminal yemveliso, ehlala ikwimeshbori yemveliso. Ibuyise kwakhona kunye nenqanaba lehlabathi lehlabathi, iziseko kwizitishi zinombala ophawulayo kuxhomekeka kwi-voltage: umbala ophuzi- I-110V, iBlue-230v, ibomvu-400v.
Sijonga amandla - 1.
Iziko elilula zezixhobo zezinto ezingenazixhobo aziyi kukunika umbono olungileyo wamandla afunekayo esitishi. Ngokufanelekileyo, amandla anokushwankathelwa okoko usenza ukubala zezinto, onke amandla asetyenzisiweyo aguqulwe abe bubushushu okanye ukukhanya. Abathengi abanjalo (izitopu zombane, izitshisi, izibane ze-incandents, it.p.) zibizwa ngokuba ziyasebenza. Susa yonke into: Ukuba isixhobo kwiPaspoti iSetimes, yithi, 1KW, ke kwanele ukuyibonelela nge-1kw. Bonke abanye abathengi (i-LUMOST yezibane, ii-drills, umabonwakude, i-IDR ye-Air) ibizwa ngokuba yi-APPE, inxenye yamandla ayo iguquka kubushushu, kwaye inxalenye ichithwe kwiMihlaba ye-elektromagnetic. I-Vinnor yexabiso lemilinganiselo yokusebenza ichazwe njenge-cos (cosine fi).
Ukubala ukuselwa kwamandla okwenyani kwesixhobo esinjalo, kwanele ukujonga kwipasipoti yakhe. Makhe sinike umzekelo. Iimoto zombane ze-AC zibonisa amandla ayo kwi-Kilowatts- 4KW. Kodwa eli ngamandla oomatshini kwi-shaft yemoto. Amandla asebenzayo oMbane oTshiwe yinjini igqitywe ngeli tyala ligqitywe ngokwahlula-hlulwa ngokukuko, kunye nokuchazwa kwipasipoti. Ngeenjini yamandla, ukusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza kakuhle kuhlala kuyi-86,5%, oko kukuthi, amandla ayo asebenzayo makamalunga ne-4.62kw. Nangona kunjalo, enye inye i-testrating motor ingenayo ngaphandle kwemoto (i-thermal) kunye necandelo elisebenzayo lamandla. Ukufumanisa i-injini epheleleyo ye-injini, jikela kwincwadana yakhe yokundwendwela kwakhona. I-COSIIN FI ibonisiwe kwaye, masithi, ngu-0.89. Ngenxa yoko, amandla apheleleyo atyiwa yimoto yethu yombane kwinethiwekhi ayisiyo 4.62, kodwa sele 4.62: 0.19 = i-kilowott-ampere (i-KVA), apho amandla abalwa khona. Kungenxa yesi sizathu sokuba abavelisi abachaphazelekayo babonisa ukuphathwa kwamandla Iziphumo ezingasetyenziswanga kwiiKilowatts, kodwa kwiikhilovult Amperes, ezichanekileyo ngakumbi. Yiyo loo nto, kuyimfuneko ukwazi amandla apheleleyo obuchopho ngombane kwi-volt-Amperes. Ukuqikelela amandla apheleleyo, abavelisi banikezela ngokwahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlula-hlula nge-0.8-0.9 ukuba ukusebenza ngokukuko kwe-icosj ayaziwa.
Izityalo zamandla ezincinci ziqokelelwa phantsi kweempawu ezahlukeneyo ezinoluhlu olubanzi lweefemu ezivela eJapan, eUSA, i-Great Britain, eJamani, e-Itali naseRussia. Ngapha koko, amaqela amabini ovelisi anokwahlula ngokucacileyo. Ezinye izinto zenza izityalo zamandla zisekwe kwii-enjini zabo ngokuthenga abathengisi ecaleni (Olu ngcelele lubandakanya i-mitssubishi, iLombardornini, Yanmar). Abanye bavelisa izikhululo besebenzisa abavelisi bemveliso yethu kunye neeyunithi zamandla. Oku kwenziwa ngu-F.G.Wilson (i-United Kingdom), i-United Starswabrik Gemmmingeen (i-Metalwabrik Gemmmingik (iJamani), uMosa (i-Itali), i-Bulgaria), i-Bulgaria), njl. Njl. Zonke ezona zinto zibalulekileyo (iinjini kunye nabavelisi) abafumana kwabanye abavelisi. UKrymera, kwizinto ezingeniswayo uqokelela izikhululo zayo phantsi kwentengiso "ver" iqinile "i-amp-set" (moscow). Phatha ukrokrela omnye okanye omnye umntu, kunye neefirms ezibandakanyeke kwindibano, akukho sizathu: Zonke izinto ezintathu zonke ziqhelekile. Kutheni uchithe amandla okuphuhliswa kweendawo zakho xa unokuthatha ezona zinto zinokuthenjwa kwinkampani ekhethekileyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela unciphise iindleko zesikhululo?
Ukuba sithetha ngeenjini ze-petroli, izityalo zamandla zixhotyiswe ngamacandelo amandla abavelisi abanjengeKibota, i-Misbin, i-rigs, i-rigs, i-rigs, i-rigs, i-tecumsela, i-tecumseh I-Diesels zenziwa nge-Honda esele ineenkcukacha zeHonda, iTecumseh, iRobin, i-Yuboma, i-Haggeni (i-Ivera), i-Iverat, njl. Njl. Njl. Njl.), Njl njl. I-Pleverators zombane (iRostmark Geko), uGenerac, Stanford (sase-United Kingdom), i-Leroy Sommer (i-Yamaha, i-Yamaha, i-I-Incro) kunye nabanye.
Kwimarike yethu Kukho izityalo zamandla eziveliswa ziifemu zaseJapan ze-robin (iCandelo le-fuji lixhala), i-Eanker generfubrik Gemmmingik, i-Indersarfu, i-Ispress Sdmo kunye ne-MOSA , I-Sparky, i-FG Wilson et Al. I-MetallswarebFabrik i-Gemmingeen ineeyunithi ezimbini kunye neempawu ezimbini ze-Geko zivelise i-aisemenn-s i-verators ye-eisenchnn- kunye ne-verators ye-geko.
Ukukhetha amandla
Ewe kunjalo, eyona nto iphambili ekukhetheni isityalo samandla ngamandla ayo, ekufuneka ihambelana namandla esixhobo sokutya. Abanini belizwe bagcina uluhlu lwabathengi abanxulumene noncedo lwamandla asekuqaleni, apha kuphela iimpawu zobugcisa zezi nkqubo, ukudibanisa kunye nendlela yokusebenza kunokwenzeka ukuba kwahlukile. Thatha okungenani into yokugqibela egqitywe ngokuhamba rhoqo kunye nexesha lokuvalwa, indlela yokuphila kunye nenani labemi beNdlu.
Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ofuna ukunxibelelana nesityalo samandla, kwaye ubala amandla ewonke, kuthathelwa ingqalelo amandla okuqala okanye ezinye izixhobo zombane kunye nokubandakanywa ngamanye amaxesha. Ifanele ibonakale ngakumbi ngabathengi ngeendlela ezongezelelekileyo kumgangatho wombane, njengezixhobo zekhompyuter, izixhobo zokuphela kwe-HI, izixhobo zokulinganisa, njl.
Nali ixesha lokucingisisa malunga nokuba zeziphi izixhobo kunye neesitya ezikhoyo kwindlu kufuneka ixhaswe kuqala. Inyani yile yokuba isityalo samandla sisixhobo esibizayo. Ewe, kwaye umbane oveliswayo uyabiza: Ukuba uthatha ingqalelo iindleko zepetroli, i-kwch ikhaya imalunga ne "yenethiwekhi", kwinkqubo yokuhambisa yendawo. Ke ngoko, inguqu epheleleyo 'yombane wayo "yayo ngoqoqosho. Kusengqiqweni ukwahlula bonke abathengi basebenzise amanqanaba aliqela. Ke, oyena mntu uxanduva lungachazwanga kwizixhobo kunye neenkqubo, ngaphandle kokuba ubonelelo lwamandla lucinyiwe, ungayenza, njenge-saunas, iinkqubo zokufudumeza, intambo yentambo. Udidi lwesibini luya kuba ngabathengi ababonelela ngendawo yokuhlala. Apha ufumana, utsho, izixhobo zekhitshi (isitovu, ifriji, izixhobo ze-TV, izixhobo zevidiyo, i-IROS, iikhompyuter, ekugqibeleni, iikhompyuter. Udidi lwesithathu lolona lubalulekileyo, kuba lubonelela ngeenkqubo zenkxaso yobomi (ukukhanya kwenkqubo, ukhuseleko kunye neealarm zomlilo, izixhobo zovavanyo, ukufudumeza kunye nokunikezelwa kwamanzi).
Ngokucacileyo, abathengi bodidi lokuqala kufuneka basebenze kuphela xa umbane ophambili osebenzayo. Gcina amagunya kuwo akukho nto ingenantsingiselo ngenxa yomlinganiselo ongasebenzi kakuhle 'wexabiso lezinto ". I-AVT isuka kwi-Aunter evela kumthombo we-backups zezona zixhobo ziyimfuneko zombane kunye neenkqubo zenkxaso zobomi ziyavakala. Njengokuziqhelanisa nemidlalo, uninzi lolu luhlu lubandakanya igumbi le-boiler, i-alamu yokhuseleko, impompo yamanzi, i-TV kunye nefriji, izibane ezikhanyayo kunye nezixhobo ezininzi zokufudumeza. Njengommiselo, umthamo wazo uwonke malunga ne-5KW, kodwa ngomnqweno omkhulu unokuyinciphisa eyakho iimfuno, ukuya kwi-3 kw.
Kukho inani elikhulu labathengi bombane, ngqo ngexesha lokuqalisa ukuba amagunya okuqala anokungaphezulu kwamaxesha angama-2-3. Iindidi ezinkulu zokuqalisa (kwaye ke ukuselwa kwamandla amakhulu) kwimowudi yokufakwa kwimo yezixhobo ezinemoto yombane. Umzekelo, umndilili olinganiselweyo wenjini yefriji ye-pierigere i-02Kw, kwaye ngexesha lokuqalisa liya kucelwa malunga ne-1kw. Amandla empumuko enokutsha inokuthi, umzekelo, i-1kw kuphela, kunye nexabiso lamandla ngexesha lokuqalisa ngenxa yesiqalo esikhulu esinokuthi sibe ngamaxesha ama-5. Ke, ukuba awuthathe ingqalelonga i-vanchers, ukutshisa okanye umvelisi, okanye imoto yombane. Phantse bonke abavelisi baxhobisa izityalo zamandla ngokulayisha ngaphezulu kokufaka inqwanqwa yesenzi kubushushu kwi-generator yombane. Ke i-elex-dx Series icwangciswe (uphuhliso oluhlangeneyo lwe-Samsue Jaseji kunye ne-Russia "i-Russia" i-Ex Services "), i-Ex Shoritors ivela kwiRobin, njl njl. Kwaye xa amandla okunkcenkceshela (ukuba, umzekelo, zama ukususa i-5kw kwi-4KW isikhululo se-4KW) i-thermostat icima iyunithi.
Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba isityalo samandla kufuneka sisebenze "kunye nogcino", 80-90% yamandla asekwe okwenziwa. Le yeyona ndlela isebenzayo ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga uzinzo, ixesha lokusebenza ngemoto kunye nezoqoqosho. Nguwo amandla nje kwizikhululo ngokwakhe abavelisi babonisa ngokwahlukileyo. Amaxwebhu eVatechnication amacandelo aseYurophu abhalisiwe, njengommiselo, olwenzileyo. Kule meko kuphela, kuphela izixhobo ezinokuqhagamshelwa kwityala, amandla apho kwitodwa lemigaqo yokuQala ayigqithanga amandla anqabileyo kwisityalo samandla. Phantse nayiphi na iyunithi yaseJapan ineempawu ezimbini - amagama aphambili kunye namandla aphezulu. Kwisikhululo esithile, isebenza ixesha elide de kufike utshintsho lwe-oyile okanye utshintsho lweoyile. Umahluko phakathi kweyona ibonisiweyo ngumenzi kunye namandla anqabileyo kukubonelela ngamandla efunekayo ukubonelela ngemigangatho yokuqala kangangexesha elincinci. Isikhululo esivela kwisikhululo esikhulu sinokusebenza ngaphakathi kwe-5-10, ubuninzi bemizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30, emva koko ukhuseleko lwe-thermal lubangelwa kukucima iyunithi. Imowudi yexesha elide yenzelwe ukusebenza nge-80% yamandla anqabileyo. Kule meko, qhagamshela izixhobo ezininzi ukuze amandla okuqalisa kwixabiso alidluli kumandla aphezulu esikhululo.
Malunga ne-verators
Xa ukhetha isityalo samandla, nikela ingqalelo apho umvelisi uxhonywe kwi-generator kunye ne-asynchronous. I-generator yohlobo lomgaqo-nkqubo inika i-voltage yezinzileyo kunye neeparamitha rhoqo. Isikhululo esinomvelisi onjalo silungile ekusebenziseni iziqwengana esiphakamileyo, sinokulayishwa ngamandla apheleleyo, sinokulayishwa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zombane, singabi nazixhobo ezisemgangathweni, kunye nezixhobo zekhaya, iifriji, oomatshini bokuhlamba, njl.). Kwangoko ekuqaleni kokwakhiwa kwezityalo zamandla, i-ranchronous yohlobo lwe-bynchronous isetyenziselwa oko akufuneki njalo.I-Asynchronous iveletors inika i-sinsusmoid ecocekileyo, kodwa igcwala kakhulu ngemijelo kule meko ayinqweneleki kakhulu. Kungcono ukuqhagamshela kwizitishi ezine "Asynchuss" ebuthathaka kwi-voltage ihla, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, iikhompyuter, i-CD, njl njl. Iikotothi zombane ezidityanisiweyo kunye neminye imithwalo yokukhuphela kumaxesha ama-3 ukuya kwezi-4 ubuncinci amandla e-generator, kungcono ukufaka i-Asynchnchronics ".
Isigaba esinye okanye isigaba senqanaba lesithathu sinokusetyenziswa kwizikhululo zamandla. Eyokuqala inika enye i-voltage ye-220 v kunye ne-RERQUUTE ye-50 HZ, yesibini yenzelwe ukuya kwi-220, ne-380v. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba kuphela imithwalo yenqanaba elinye elinokuqhagamshelwa kwi-verators yenqanaba elinye, isigaba sesithathu inokubonelela ngamandla kwizixhobo ezibalwe zombini nge-220 ne-380 v. Ukuba uza kuthenga isikhululo samandla, Kwanele ngaphandle kwempazamo ukubala abathengi eziyimfuneko (kuthathelwa ingqalelo i-lanchers) kwaye uhlawule i-Aggregate enamandla afanelekileyo (ukongeza i-25-30% yesitokhwe).
Njengakwiiverators zenqanaba lesithathu, xa uqhagamshela kubo abathengi besigaba esinye isigaba, ingxaki yezigaba ze-skews inokwenzeka: Enye yazo iya kulayishwa, enye ingaphezulu. Okokuqala, isigaba seSukew (oko kukuthi, umahluko kumandla abathengi abanxulumene nabo) kwisitishi esine-generator yomgaqo-nkqubo akufuneki idlule kwi-1/3, okanye i-30%. Ukuba, umzekelo, iyunithi yakho yenqanaba amathathu inamandla e-6KW, amandla apheleleyo e-2 abathengi kwisigaba esinye makangabi kwi-2kw kwinqanaba elifanayo. Ukuba uqhagamshela kwi-heater, ubuncinci i-1.5 kw, kukho ithuba le-generator. Okwesibini, nokuba kukho uthungelwano lwesithathu endlwini yakho, ukuhambisa amandla okusela umva kunokucwangciswa kwimowudi yesigaba esinye. Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukubala ukuba zeziphi izigaba zemveliso zilayishwa ngaphezulu, kodwa yintoni engaphantsi kokuphepha iskew. Ewe, xa bekukho abathengi besigaba esithathu endlwini, umzekelo, impompo esenzulu iyasebenza, ukhetho olunzulu luwela kwi-geko yesigaba se-Asynchronous (efakiweyo, kwi-Ed-A / HHDA , Ese 204 ukusuka kwi-Everes okanye iSikhululo seSitithi seSikhululo se-MOSA). Inokumelana nesigaba skews ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80%.
Sijonga amandla - 2.
Ukubala amandla asebenzayo, amandla afakiweyo afakiweyo kwabathengi abanoxanduva abanoxanduva baphindaphinda kwimfuno yomyinge webango. Kuthatha ingqalelo ukubakho kokungasetyenziswayo kwento yokubandakanywa kunye nokubakho komthwalo opheleleyo wabathengi. Ixabiso lemfuno elinengxaki lihlala i-25-30%. Ngenxa yokubala yethu, inokuvunywa ilingane okanye isondele kuyo. Emva koko sibala amandla apheleleyo ngokuhlula amandla asebenzayo kwi-COS. Amandla esityalo esinezini-mini kufuneka adlule elixabiso, athathele ingqalelo iimeko zokuqala.
Masithi amandla afakiweyo abo bonke abathengi beNdlu enamanqanaba amathathu akwi-30 kW nge-Instoor Mands (i-cosine fi) 0.9. Ukuzalisa abathengi kubonisa: 1) Ukukhanya - 3KW, 2) Ukukhanya kwe-Intanethi - 1kw, 3) I-12kw, i-2kw, i-2kv, i-5,5kw, i-6,5kvt , 7) Iikhompyuter zoncedo lwamandla- 0.5kw, 8) Ezinye izixhobo - 10,5kw. Zeziphi izixhobo onokuzinikela kuzo, ukusombulula. Ngokuthetha ngokungqongqo, kubathengi ngokukhethekileyo babandakanya isikhundla 2, 4 kunye ne-6 Amandla abo afakiweyo yi-3.5kw, kunye nomlinganiso webango ongu-1 (i-rasine factor (cosine fi ) - 0.9. Ukuqala ngoku ngenxa yokunqongophala kweemoto zombane akubalulekanga, ukuqala kwe-coude yamkelwa nge-1.1. Emva koko amandla aqikelelweyo abathengi abanoxanduva aya kuba yi-3.5 1 = 3.5 kW, kunye namandla apheleleyo apheleleyo ayi-3.5: 0.9 = 3,68 kva. Ukuxhasa ukuqala kwangoku kunye nogcino lwe-voints, ekufuneka ichongwe kwipasipoti yesityalo samandla (yithi, 1,2), isityalo samandla kufuneka sikhethwe ngamandla okungenani i-3.68 1.1.255Kva.
Moto!
Izityalo ezincinci ze-mini zixhotywe ngeenjini zangaphakathi zokudibana, okanye ipetroli okanye idizili. I-agergates enenjini ye-petroli iveliswa kuluhlu lwamandla lwe-0.5-12Kw, ngedizili - ukusuka kwi-2kw nangaphezulu. Ke ingxaki yenjini ikhethiwe, yenzeka kuphela ukuba ufuna isikhululo samandla ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-12kw: I-Aggregates inamandla i-12kw ihlala iveliswa, njengomgaqo onedizili.
Xa kuthelekiswa neenjini zedizili, ufakelo lwe-petroli, ukongeza kokukhanya kunye nokudityaniswa, azinantsingiselo kwaye zinobungakanani obungaphantsi kunye nenamandla. I-Adgregates kwi-Petroli ifake ipetroli ixhotywe kakhulu kwizikhululo ezincinci (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6KW) kunye ne-6kw) kunye ne-12kw (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-12K), kwaye phantse amalungiselelo amane ane-strve asetyenziswayo. Ubeko olunjalo kukuvumela ukuba unciphise indawo yomphezulu wegumbi lokudibana (kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, ukunciphisa ukufudumeza ngokwakho) kwaye kwandise ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwe-ofsloon yepetroli. Iiyunithi ezinjalo zineelebheli ze-OHV (ezona mveliso zidumileyo ukusuka eHonda, iBriggs Stratton, Yamaha, Suzuki). Zonke iimotor ezikhoyo ezisele zikwisiseko zixhotywe nge-ofisi yenqanaba le-oyile, kwaye ukuba inqanaba leoyile kwi-crank lingaphantsi kwesiqhelo, inkqubo ihamba ngenkani injini.
Izikhululo ze-petrol ezine-6-7kWs zihlala zixhotywe nge-cylinder ye-injini enye ye-stroke ngenjini yomoya kwaye inesakhiwo esivulekileyo sesakhelo. Ezo, umzekelo, eziphathwayo kwi-ACT ye-IF-4600E esuka kwi-Yamaha, "I-AURTE" inye i-15.a, okanye i-ERME, okanye i-EMPA ye-HODA (220V, etshintsha i-9a). Isithuba esiphakathi kwemali esuka eHonda yi-100h, isohlwayo siyancitshiswa kutshintsho lweoyile. I-oyile yipetroli eqhelekileyo yepetroli ye-AI-92 okanye i-AI-95 brand (ikakhulu i-AI-92). Ioyile isetyenziswa i-semi-syntamic okanye izimbiwa.
Ukuqala i-injini ye-petroli ebandayo, kuya kufuneka ugubungele umphathi womoya kwaye, njengoko injini ishushu, yivule. Ewe kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba unciphise ukuqaliswa kwezandla. Ke, kwiMotor evela eHonda, inkqubo isetyenziswa, ngalo lonke ixesha lokuvaleka i-vace ivula iivalvu ukuba zilungiselele umzamo. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba uhlala endlwini amaxesha ngamaxesha ngamaxesha okanye ngexesha lokukhubaza inethiwekhi kuyo kuphela ukuba kukho kuphela abantu abadala kunye nabantwana abancinci? Kule meko, kuyavakala ukugcina isikhululo ngombane okanye fumana i-fansul yolawulo olude. Chaza nje umthengisi ukuba imodeli yakho ekhethiweyo ivumela ukufakelwa kwe-Starter yombane kunye nokuqalisa kude kusebenzise ulawulo olukude oluqhagamshelwe kwisikhululo sentambo.
Isikhululo esinenjini ye-petroli kufuneka ithengwe ukuba ayimfuneko ukuba ibandakanye rhoqo kwaye ixesha elide kwaye ufuna amandla amancinci (i-5-6KW). Olu lukhetho olulungileyo lwe-compact "imeko ye-compact" okanye i-teatial (Masithi, kwindlu yendlu) yendawo yokuhambisa amandla. Okanye, masithi awukhange kubekho ukukhanya kwiveki ezimbini ngonyaka. Ukuthenga idizili kuqoqosho kungasebenzi: Iimodeli ze-petroli ezibizayo azifanelanga i-900 yeedola, ngelixa idizili yexabiso eliphantsi (ukusuka kwi-2kw) iya kuxabisa i- $ 1400-10. Ngapha koko, iindleko zokufana namandla e-petroli kunye ne-Diesel Injines iyahluka kabini.
Kuba kungekudala, ujonge phambili kwinto yokuba isikhululo siya kusebenza rhoqo okanye sisebenze njengomthombo oqhubekayo wombane, okanye, ekugqibeleni, i-10KW) iyafuneka, ukhetho oluyi-Injini yedizili lucacile . Ukufakelwa kwedizili kunoqoqosho ngakumbi kunepetroli. Phendula umgca, kukho ukusela ipetroli, kwaye ke ngoko iindleko ezincinci zokuthengwa kwedizili. Kuba, enyanisweni, izikhululo zinamandla nge-12kw kwaye zimelwe kuphela ngemodeli yedizili. Ukongeza, umda ophezulu wamandla abo awupheleli, kwaye amandla ee-agersrevatites ene-petroli akadluli kwi-9-12kw. Kwaye kwakhona: xa kuthelekiswa ne-petroli, ipetroli yedizili yimililo encinci kwaye inokuba lula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Kodwa akufuneki ukuba ulibele ixesha eliya kwi-oel ye-upeb yasebusika: kwiqondo lokuxinana le-15s, ihlobo lasehlotyeni eligcweleyo kunye nokungcola okwahlukileyo kukhutshiwe, ukuba lingaphezulu. Enye ingxabano ebalulekileyo yokuphelisa injini yedizili lubutyebi obukhulu bomsebenzi (ukuba uthelekisa uhlengahlengiso lwe-petroli). Ndiya kuhlala ndineeyure ezingama-8.
Izityalo zedizili zedizili zahlukile ngokwendlela yokupholisa: umoya uphononongwe yi-influx yomoya, kwaye ulwelo njengefriji esetyenziswayo i-tosol. Injini yokupholisa idizili isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizityalo zamandla e-ESE, ezinje nge-ESE STREST, kwiimodeli ze-EEE ezivela kwi-Honda, e-Ext Shres ukusuka kwi-Wafta, GL6500s evela eKbota IDR. Njengommiselo, i-radiator kuzo ifakwe kwindawo yokukhusela ingxolo, apho akunakwenzeka ukubonelela ngomoya osebenzayo ngokwaneleyo. Kwizikhululo eziphathwayo neziphathwayo (umzekelo, funda i-15000 ukusuka eGeko, uE-5000 ukusuka kwi-Yamaha, yonke irobhothi) i-Diesel ipholile, enciphisa iindleko zezixhobo.
Iinjini eziqhuba i-Disel zingenziwa kwi-25c. Ukuqhubela phambili ukuqaliswa, kunokwenzeka ukuphakamisa i-moya engakhange ithathe i-sundold enee-heater zombane (olu khetho lunikezelwa ngentlawulo). Kodwa ngamachaphaza abukhali amaqondo obushushu, amabala amabini aselwandle anokuchaphazela kakubi izinto ze-elektroniki ze-Dielish yeSityalo seDiesel (ipaneli yokuqalisa yombane, i-generator, umvelisi). Ke ngoko, ubushushu bepasipoti yomsebenzi wezityalo zamandla (umzekelo, i-French Sdmo) -5c. Ke kufuneka ucinge ngokuqinisekisa ukufudumeza kwegumbi, apho isikhululo sixhotyisiwe.
Into ezenzekelayo
Ke, uchaze ukuba zeziphi izixhobo zombane eziza kufuneka zikhanyiswe kumthombo wamandla ogcinileyo. Abanye babo, kuyimfuneko ukuba wolula kwisityalo samandla kwi-wiring eyahlukileyo (ngaphandle konxibelelwano olulandelayo). Ke uya kufumana inethiwekhi egciniweyo. Kwaye akunyanzelekanga ukuba ubone ukukhanya, uqhuba ujikeleze amagumbi, uvale izixhobo zombane nganye nganye ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise isikhululo soMbane. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kwanele ukulibala ukucima ipleyiti okanye ifriji, kunye nemveliso (ukuba ayenzelwanga imithwalo eyongezelelweyo). Ilungiselelo lombane ohlukileyo lolona lubalaseleyo ukubonelela ngoyilo nolwakhiwo. Ukuba uthenga isitishi ukuya kwindlu egqityiweyo, iingcingo zinokuzala ngeendlela zentambo.Kodwa kwenzeka njani ukuba asinike i-gooney yekhaya kunye nothungelwano lwangaphambili? Ukwenza oku, ungasebenzisa incwadi ekhethekileyo okanye izixhobo ezenzekelayo.
Kwimeko yokuqala, kufuneka ifakwe kwindlu ebizwa ngokuba yi-chobor chopper enezikhundla ezibini ezizimeleyo: "Ukusuka kwinethiwekhi" kunye "nendawo yokuvala" kunye nokufakelwa kwemithombo yamandla .
Khawufane ucinge ukuba wonke umbane, umabonwakude, isitovu sombane, izixhobo zeaudiyo kunye nempompo ephantsi. Kwaye ngequbuliso amandla obonelelo olusenyongweni bayayeka. Uya ezantsi kwigumbi elingaphantsi, qala isityalo samandla kwaye uqhagamshele kwinethiwekhi yasekhaya egciniweyo. Emva kwethuba baphinde bakhanyisele, kwaye ukuba uyayeka i-electrogagregang malunga nolonwabo, kodwa ungacimeki isikhululo esivela kwinethiwekhi, i-generator ivuthiwe nje. Oku akuyi kwenzeka ukuba i-Shift Swift ifakwe endlwini.
Ukuze ungabandezeleke ngokusungulwa ngesandla, uthenge isikhululo sombane kwisikhululo ($ 50-150). Kule meko, isikhululo siza kuqala ngocofe iqhosha. Unokuthenga kwakhona iphaneli yolawulo lokulawula ukutya (ixabiso layo liyahluka ukusuka kubavelisi abahlukeneyo ukusuka kwi-200 yeedola ukuya kwi-350 yeedola) - ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni kuyilo alunamatshini, kodwa nguMthombo wombane.
Kodwa kukho izixhobo ezivumela isikhululo ngokuzenzekelayo, ngaphandle kokuthatha kwakho inxaxheba. I-elektroniki ilandela imeko yenethiwekhi ephambili yenethiwekhi kwaye iqala ngokuzimeleza isitishi kwimeko yokutshabalala okanye uxinzelelo lulungiselele ubuncinci kwizigaba. Xa usandula ukufumana amandla, ukutshintshela komthwalo umva, isikhululo ngokwaso sitshintsha kwimowudi yokulinda. Elona xesha lincinci lokungabikho kwe-voltage phakathi kwelahleko ye-voltage kwinethiwekhi ephambili kunye nokuqalisa kokunikezelwa komthwalo ukusuka kwimveliso ukusuka kwi-generator evela kwimizuzwana engama-20 ukuya kwengama-50.
Unokuzola ngokulula ingxaki yenethiwekhi yolawulo oluzenzekelayo ngokuthintela ukhetho lwakho kwizikhululo ze-elektroniki. Kumzekelo, kwiSigaba esinye se-ESE804BS / S Esmodelis (i-Pepeline i-Gesnchronous; $ 2950) ukusuka kwi-Endernnch Rhatchronous; I-230-WFBSG (ipetroli i-synchronous; i-3100) ukusuka kwi "Amp-Kit", i-Eisemann P700blc ($ 3770), njl.
I-ESE804BS / S I-SES kunye "VEPER" ABP-6-230-WCHBSG Twiming kwaye ulawule i-Eyponiks ifakwe ngokwahlukeneyo, kwizindlu zayo, ecaleni kwendawo yokuhambisa. IKhabhinethi yokuLawula iKhabhinethi itshintshiwe kwilogo yomqondiso kunye nentambo yamandla amandla. I-Autous Track i-Dele Izikhululo ezigciniweyo ezivela apha ngasentla ziye zakha-kwi-elektroniki. Umzekelo, kwi-terminal yokufaka "amandla" ea7000a (i-RAKW), kwanele ukudibanisa "i-zero" kunye "nenqanaba lezindlu zombane), kunye nekhaya elingaphakathi Inethiwekhi inokuthathelwa ingqalelo. Xa inethiwekhi yangaphandle ifanelekile, ukuhanjiswa kwabathengi kutshintshelwe kuyo - isikhululo sitsiba ngoku "ngokwayo". Ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba isilele (ihla, i-voltage igqithisile okanye inyamalala), isikhululo siqala ngokuzimela. Xa ufumana kwakhona amandla amaziko, ufakelo lokufaka kumthombo wangaphandle. Ukongeza, isityalo samandla siya kusebenza lo gama itanki ingaphelisi ipetroli. Iya kuba yimfuneko kuphela ukuba yongeze i-petroli.
Ukulawulwa kweekhavathi ezizenzekelayo, ukutshintsha iibhloko (ukutshintshela iibhloko (umlawuli onokufakelwa kwenkqubo, oonontlalontle, izixhobo zika-Uzo.D.) zikhangele ecaleni kwephaneli yombane. Lonke ufakelo oluyimfuneko kunye nomsebenzi wombane lungaphathiswe kwiinkampani ezinkulu zabathengisi kunye nenkonzo yazo (enjalo, umzekelo, iifestile "ze-Aoyama", "amandla", "amandla e-Economics. Kwizikhululo ezincinci, iyunithi yokuqalisa ngokuzenzekelayo xa umthwalo olahlekileyo kwiindleko zenethiwekhi ephambili ukuya kuthi ga kwi-600 yeedola, kwaye malunga ne-Aggregates enamandla iya kuxabisa i- $ 1500-1900 okanye ithathele ingqalelo (kuthathelwa ingqalelo Indleko yendawo ixhomekeke kumandla omthwalo. Umzekelo, i-EUST ye-AUSMITATION kwi-MOSA, eyenzelwe i-3.6 ne-5kw, ibuzwe i-900, kunye ne-800 yeemodeli (ngesikhundla se-800. Inkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo kwiNdibano yeNdibano (Sebenzisa izinto ezingeniswayo) kuya kubiza i-1500-3000, kubandakanya neendleko zokukhwela.
Yintoni ekufuneka ihlawule ngaphezulu?
Njengalo naliphi na iyunithi enenjini yokuhlangana yangaphakathi, isityalo samandla yingxolo. Kwaye eyomeleleyo, incinci ukuba ivakale. Ingxolo ende ayikho intle, ngoko kubalulekile ukubonelela ngamanyathelo ezithile ukukhusela i-IT. Yintoni enokwenziwa? Ukongeza kwinto yokuba isitishi sibekwe kwindawo ekhethekileyo (igumbi elingaphantsi okanye ulwandiso lokungakude neNdlu), kuya kuba kuhle ukukhetha imodeli nge-quyr eguqulweyo okanye ekukhuseleni ingxolo. Elokugqibela liya kwandisa indleko zesikhululo se- $ 800-1000. Umbutho wamaxabiso aphezulu angatsho ukuba ukucingisisa ayisiyisinyithi nje, kodwa isimo sengqondo sokucinywa kakuhle apho umenzi othathele ingqalelo iingxaki zokupholisa, ukususwa kweegesi, ukufundwa kwengxolo, ubisi lwengxolo (umzekelo, indawo yetanki kunye nentamo yayo), njl.
Ixesha lokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo lwesikhululo ngaphandle kokucocwa kumiselwa ngumthamo wetanki ye-piel kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha. Umzekelo, kwizikhululo ezincinci ezinomthamo wetanki elungileyo ye-6.5l, yanele iiyure ezi-3-3,5 zomsebenzi xa ulayisha kumandla anqabileyo. Itanki yesithuba esonakeleyo (yithi, 25l) siya kukuvumela ukuba usebenze kwi-9-10 yeeyure. Unokuthenga imodeli esemgangathweni, emva koko ufumana itanki elandisiweyo okanye uhlale kwangoko kwisitishi esinetanki enkulu. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile echazwe ngumenzi sisihlobo: Xa sisebenza kwimithwalo eyahlukeneyo evela kumandla alinganiselweyo, izalathiso ziyahluka kakhulu. Kwiyunithi enkulu yombane enkulu esetyenziswa kuphela njengomthombo wamandla ogcino, kunjalo, unokuthenga itanki yangaphandle ye-of engasukelanga engayi kongeza ipetroli. Kodwa ngaba kuhle ukuba 'bahlale emgqomeni ngepetroli ", kwaye yeyiphi onokuyigcina kuyo oovimba? Mhlawumbi kungcono ukuba wongeze ipetroli kwitanki. Kulula ukujongana nedizili. Ihlala ithengwa ukuba igumbi le-Boiler lisebenza kwi-pielieli yedizili kunye nendawo yokugcina ipetroli sele ifumaneka.
Gcina ipetroli (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25%) kwaye unciphise iingxolo (nge-5-6db) ivumela inkqubo ye-elektroniki yokuvukela ngokuzenzekelayo. Phantsi komthwalo, injini yesikhululo ijikeleza rhoqo nge-3000 ye-RPM, kwaye xa abathengi bombane banqatshelwe, kuguquka ekubeni lilize. Ukubandakanywa kwakhona kwabathengi kukhokelela kunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwinani leenguqu kwinani elifanelekileyo. Iibhloko ezinjalo zifakwe kuthotho lweemodeli ukusuka eHonda, i-Safujuji, eRobin, kwisikhululo saseGeko evela kwi-MetalwarenFabrik Gemmien (kule meko, ibizwa ngokuba se-geko thulever yezoqoqosho). Inkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo lesantya sesantya seinjini inyusa iindleko zesityalo samandla malunga ne-10-15% (phakathi kwabavelisi abahlukeneyo).
Ukufaka kunye nokuqhagamshela isityalo samandla, kuya kufuneka usebenzise iinkonzo zengcali. Ixabiso lezinto ezinjalo limalunga ne-10% yexabiso le-odolo (ukuba yonke into oyifunayo uyifumana "ukusuka kwelinye icala").
Ekugqibeleni, iingcebiso ezininzi zokufakwa kweSityalo Samandla. Kufuneka ifakwe kumphezulu othe tyaba, kwigumbi elahlukileyo, likhuselwe kumswakama, ekufumekelwe kwizixhobo ezinokutsha kwaye zinomoya olungileyo. Ukufaka isityalo samandla kwindlu ye-boiler nakuthintela igesi, kunye nabacimi-mlilo. Ngenye indlela, unoku-odola isikhongozeli esincinci se-Preupine ngenkqubo yokufudumeza ngexesha lasebusika, iinkqubo zokucima umlilo kunye nokungena komoya. Ixabiso leesampulu zekhaya lisuka kwi- $ 1000. Ukunqongophala kwesisombululo esinjalo kukuba ayinguye wonke umntu oya kuthatha isigqibo sokwenza lolona hlobo lwendawo "ibhokisi yentsimbi".
Ke, ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokwenza intsimi yakho izenze ngokwakho i-whims yegridi yamandla endawo, iphupha lakho lisenokuba yinto yokwenene. Nesidlo sangokuhlwa asinayo isidlo sangokuhlwa. Ubuncinci banyanzelwe.
Ibhodi yokuhlela Enkosi ngoncedo lwamalungiselelo enkampani "i-Aoyama Motors", "i-Ecovinolog", "amandla emvelo"