Kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza, omabini amanzi kunye nolwelo olungasebenziyo lungasetyenziswa - i-antifreeze. Malunga neempawu zabo kunye nezinto abazichaphazelele kwaye ziya kuxutyushwa.
Njengoko eyaziwa njalo, omabini la manzi kunye notywala ongabhalanga unokusetyenziswa njengekupholile kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza. Nganye kwezi zipholileyo zinezibonelelo zayo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga. Siza kubalisa ngayo namhlanje kwaye sixelele.
Amanzi anokwazi ukuqokelela xa efudumele kwaye anike inani elikhulu lobushushu xa epholile, uyiphose kakhulu. Inolwelo oluhle kwaye ke ngoko ijikeleza ngokulula kwinkqubo yokufudumeza. Ukongeza, amanzi ahlala esondele, kwaye ukuba ufuna ukongeza kwinkqubo yokufudumeza, akukho ngxaki. Kubalulekile ukuba yinto enobuhlobo obunobuhlobo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuvuza okunokwenzeka akusayi kubangeli "intlekele yendalo kwisikali sendlu eyahlukileyo. Kodwa! Zonke ezi zinto ziluncedo zikhutshwe yimali enye ebaluleke kakhulu yokuqhutywa kwamanzi kwinkqubo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukurhoxiswa kokusilela kokugqibela (indlu ecinyiwe, kodwa inkqubo yokufudumeza ayiyi kumka ebusika). Enye into engalunganga inokuthathwa njengemfuno yokutshintsha ukwakhiwa kwamachiza kwamanzi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ubushushu (umzekelo, ngenxa yokuxinana kwentsimbi, ioksijini, ukubona inqaku elikwiphepha lethu kulo nyaka) . Ukongeza, njengoko kungalungiswanga, kunjalo, ukuntywila kwazo zonke iinxalenye zensimo yokufudumeza kwenzeka.
I-antifreeze (ukusuka kwisiNgesi. I-Shurze- "Yinto" yesimaphambili, intsingiselo ehlukileyo) -ukuthatha isazisi sokutshintsha kwegumbi lekhemikhali, kodwa ingcinga edibeneyo isetyenziselwa ukupholisa ngaphakathi Iinjini zokudibana kunye nokufakelwa okwahlukileyo (kubandakanya iinkqubo zokufudumeza) ezisebenza kumaqondo obushushu apha ngezantsi 0s.
Izibonelelo ezingakhange zithintelwe kwe-antifreees zibandakanya "ukungakhathali" kwiqondo lobushushu. Ingekuko ukuba abayikhukhuyo, oko akukwenzeke kubo kwisiqhelo (sekhaya). Intshayelelo emanzini, ayikha i-crystalline, kodwa ukuba ungatsho njalo, i-amorphous yesakhiwo. Kule meko, i-antifreeze ayiyonyusa ivolumu, kwaye ke ayitshabalali (ayitshabalali (ayipheli 'iziphako ") inkqubo yokufudumeza. Xa ikhulisa ubushushu obufanayo, iphinda iphinde ifumane indawo yolwelo kwaye inokwenza imisebenzi yayo. Yipropathi kwaye yenza ukuba i-antifreeze iphantse ibekho, ukuba ebusika endlwini ayihlali, akunyanzelekanga ukuba ikhuphe inkqubo yokufudumeza. Kwaye, oko kuthetha ukuba kuyavela, sele efikile ngempelaveki, ngokukhawuleza ephuma egumbini. Nangona kunjalo, kule nzuzo kwaye uphele, kwaye iiflethi ezininzi ziqale. Uluhlu lobushushu lweqondo lobushushu luyi-10-16% umthamo wobushushu we-Antifowse yekhaya yi-10-16% iphantsi kunelo lamanzi, ke, iyenzakalisa ingozi kwaye inika ubushushu. Kumthengi, oku kuthetha ukuba isidingo sokufumana amandla ngakumbi (kwaye ke ngoko kuyabiza) i-radiators yenkqubo yokufudumeza. UVIFEROTIty vissosity ukwangumaxesha ama-4-5 aphezulu kunamanzi, oko kuthetha ukuba kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi ukuyijikeleza kwinkqubo yokufudumeza (inqanaba lokuhamba eliqikelelweyo le-10 ngaphezulu, kunye ne Uxinzelelo oluqikelelweyo ngama-60% aphezulu). Kwaye ukwanda kolwandiso lwe-thermal kunokuba ngaphezulu kwamanzi, ke, ukwenzela ukuphepha ingxaki "ngenkani", inkqubo evulekileyo kuya kufuneka ikwazi ukufaka itanki yokwandisa umthamo omkhulu. Yiyo loo nto iingcali kwilizwi elinye ukuthi: Ukuba i-antiformes imelwe kukusebenzisa kwinkqubo, kuqale imfuneko "ukubala" ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo eyahlukileyo yamanzi ngengxaki enkulu.
Ukongeza, i-antifreeze ayinakuphela, kuba oku kukhokelela kutshintsho olungenakuguqulwa kubume bemichiza kwaye, ngenxa yokuphulukana nezinto zokuqala zemveliso. Kunye ne-antifreeze, njengoko besitsho, ayilinganisi ukunxibelelana ne-Intis ePhaphukayo (indlela yokuphendula yemichiza ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwe-antiforze, kodwa ikwanobungozi obukhulu bayo yenkqubo) kwaye ngokulula "utye" irhasi yerabha yesiqhelo, ethi "I-" ye-"yenkqubo yokufudumeza" iya kusebenza ixesha elide (ayimangalisi into yokuba abavelisi be-radiators basetyenziswa kwiimveliso zabo ze-radiskely-i-paronite, njl.). Kukho ezinye izinto ezingakumbi ngokuxhomekeke kwi-antifreeze. Ayizizo zonke ezinobuhlobo bendalo. Inkqubo yokufikelela ejikelezwe phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ezibangela ukuba kuthintelwe ezinye izithintelo kubuchule bokulinganisa inkqubo yokufudumeza kwaye ihlengahlengise imo yentuthuzelo isebenzisa i-thermostas. I-Kednostats kufuneka ichazwe kwaye isidingo sokugcina isitokhwe esisisigxina se-antifreeze ukuba, ukuba kufuneka uyilonge kwinkqubo (umzekelo, xa ivuza).
Ngaphambi kokuzalisa inkqubo endala, kuyimfuneko ukuba ihlambe kwangaphambili ngolwelo lwendawo yokucoca, umzekelo, i-DIXIS-I-SEPREX okanye enye into eqinileyo. Ukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kweebhubhu zomoya ukusuka kwi-antiforwism yasekhaya, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ikwazi ukumelana phakathi kweeyure ezingama-2-3.
Ukutshintsha amanzi kwi-antiforzey yekhaya kuphela ukuba ayivumelekanga nguMvelisi we-Boiler. Umzekelo, umPhqiti (i-Czech Republic) ufumana umniniyo kwinkonzo yewaranti ukuba kukho naluphi na i-Antiformeze ugutyungelwe kwinkqubo, ebhalwe kwikhuphoni ye-Warrantiy.
Yintoni ekufuneka isetyenziswe kwi-antifreeme kwinkqubo yokufudumeza? I-Automobile "tosol" ayihambelani apha, kuba ineezongezo ezingavunyelwanga ukuba zisetyenziswe kwizakhiwo zokuhlala. Izisombululo zeSaline (Chwetheza "i-Arctic" kunye "ne" ASCIC "), nangona zikhulula ezantsi kunamanzi, njengoko zinjalo, njengoko zinjalo, njengoko zinjalo, njengoko zisanda" kumphezulu wemibhobho nobushushu ( Umzekelo, kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza kunye nezixhobo ze-AOGV kunye ne-ACGV, zenziwa nguMatshini wokwakha umatshini wokwakha umatshini wokwakha umatshini, ukusetyenziswa kwe "Arctic" yimveliso ethintelweyo). Kulandela ukubizwa ngokuba yi-Antifreeze ye-Antifreeze ebizwa ngokuba yenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo iinkqubo zokufudumeza. Yintoni le nto kwaye baphawula ntoni?
Okwangoku, i-antifreeze kwisiseko sezisombululo ze-Athylene Glycol yafunyanwa eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Kwimeko yamatyala, isisombululo esinjalo sine-65% ye-ithylene Glycoco kunye ne-31% yamanzi (i-4% eshiyekileyo). Le mveliso, ethathwa njengeyona mpawu zobushushu, ayize iphinde iqalise, ayikhuphi iqondo lobushushu -65 ...- i-70s, kunye ne-ithylene Glycone iphantse ingaphumeleli. Kodwa ukwenzela ukuzalisekisa umsebenzi wayo ophambili (i-antifreeze ayifanele iqulene njengokuphumezelwa komgangatho wobushushu obukhoyo, kodwa kungabi nalisile kuluhlu lobushushu olusebenzayo, musa ukubekwa ngamaqhina, musa ukuzinza ngobuchwephesha kumphezulu we Inkqubo) kwaye ungaziphikisi izinto zakhiwo. Le misebenzi imnceda ukuba asombulule izongezo ezahlukeneyo: i-inhibitors zokungasebenzi kweentsimbi, iiarhente zokulwa i-anti-lokuphula, njl njl, njl njl, ukwenza malunga ne-4% yobunzima besisombululo.
Imarike yaseRussia yanamhlanje ibonelela nge-antifreeze yemveliso yangaphakathi. Nditsho neemveliso ezaziwayo ezinjenge-antifrogen n kunye ne-Inibal yemveliso yaseJamani, asifane silingane ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu. UAza abo ngokuthe ngcembe wanyamalala kwintengiso nakwezinye iindlela zokungenisa elizweni, ukubonelela abavelisi basekhaya abanamandla angaphantsi kwemarike. I-Antifowreeze inokuthengiswa njengendlela yokugxila (i-95% ye-9% ye-ithylene) kwaye sele ilungele ukusebenzisa amanzi, eboniswe ngokufanelekileyo ekumakisweni kwemveliso - njengommiselo, wama-30 okanye i-65) ibonisiwe okanye igama elithi "gxininisa" isetiwe.. Abathengi abaninzi basebenze ukuqhuba izithuthi abakhetha ukufumana ukugxila okanye i-antifreeze "i-poccornse" ye-anticcound "(enamaqondo obushushu anokuqaqanjelwa -65 Umzekelo, xa usinyibilikisi ngamanzi ngokumakisha "65" NGOKUGQIBELA 2: 1 1, ipholile iqondo lobushushu lokuqala kwekristali -20c. Abo bakhetha ukungayisebenzisi indawo apho bathenga imveliso egqityiweyo, kwaye ukuba iqondo lokushisa eliyingqinisisiweyo alihambelani, i-antiwing ukusuka kumenzi weempawu ezifunekayo, oku kunokwenzeka.
Kubonakala ngathi ilula kwaye ilungile. Kodwa ... I-Glycone ye-Antifowoke, xa umntu engena emzimbeni 'eyityhefu " umntu omdala. Yiyo loo nto i-antifreeze kwisiseko esinjalo iyacetyiswa ukuba isetyenziswe ngokukodwa (!) Kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza (ngetanki yokwanda kwandiselweyo). Kwaye akufuneki unikezele kwisiqinisekiso sosizi sentlungu yeendlela zokufudumeza ezinokuthengisa abathengi, ngokungathi itanki evulekileyo kwi-attilate evulekileyo engaphantsi kwengozi ayingoyiki.
Kodwa kuthekani ngetanki evulekileyo)? Ngamakhulu amawaka ezindlu zasehlotyeni kwiRussia, ukuba ayizizigidi. Kubo, ukuphuma kukusebenzisa i-antiverees hayi kwisiseko se-ethylene gelyl, kodwa kwisiseko se-propylene ye-propylene, enayo ityhefu (ukusukela ngo-1996, iguquko kwi-propylene glyyley antifreeze iqalise Utshintsho kwi-propleyne glycol antifreeze. Apha zinokuba ngenkalipho ukufaka isicelo kwiinkqubo ezivulekileyo. Kuyinyani, babiza amaxesha ama-2 ukuya kwezi-5 ukubiza kakhulu kune-Ethylene Glycone. (Kwisalathiso: Ukuba ilitha le-antiforme ngokusekwe kwi-Ethyylene Glycol kwi-rubles yi-65 ruble Glyccol-54-5 i-ruble-54-57 i-rubles) ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha Unyaka wokunyuka kwamaxabiso aluhlaza kwimarike yehlabathi kubangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okuzibulala kwi-polyproplene ngesiseko se-40%. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yokuhla okubukhali kwivolumu yokuthengisa, iimpawu ezaziwayo zehlabathi ezinjalo zokuhonjiswa okunjalo ziyekile ukubonakala kwimarike yaseRussia, engazange ibethe umda ngaphambili. Abavelisi basekhaya basenziwa ayikazaliswanga ngobukhulu obaneleyo, kuba kwintengiso "ikhuselekile" i-propleynene Glycol antifreeze inqabile. Kodwa kubonakala ngathi ibango lokuba kungekudala liya kunyusa - abathengi baseRussia baya kuhlaziya izimvo zabo kwingxaki yokhuseleko lwendalo.
Uphengululo lwethu lubonelela ngetheyibhile yokuthelekisa apho, ukongeza kubuninzi kunye nobushushu (kumaqondo obushushu), kunye namaqondo obushushu anyanzeliswayo, siye savula i-3 ebaluleke kakhulu kwii-fluids, kodwa azikabikho ngokubanzi Iimpawu ezipapashiweyo ekufuneka zinikele ingqalelo.
Impembelelo zoKhenketho kwizixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokufudumeza (i-Copper, i-Brass, intsimbi, iAluminiyam, ichazwe kwi-G / M2 ngosuku. Ngokutsho kwe-Gost ekhoyo, iinqobo zokuziphatha mazingadluli kuluhlu olulandelayo: Ubhedu, ubhedu, intsimbi, i-iron ye-iron, engaphezulu kwe-0,1; Ithembeko ayiphezulu kwe-0.2. Amaxabiso aqinileyo axabisekileyo (kwi-10, kwaye ama-20 angezantsi. Kwaye oko bancinci, ithutyana lenkqubo yokufudumeza iya kuphila.
Ukubeleka kubalwa kusetyenziswa inkqubo ekhethekileyo (ngokusebenzisa ivolumu ethile ye-antiformes kwiqondo lokuhlala elimiselweyo, umoya kwisantya esinikiweyo idluliselwa kwimizuzu emi-5) kwaye ibonakalisiwe kubude be-foam kwiisentimitha. Ngokutsho kwe-gost, ukuphakama kwale "cap" ukulungiselela ulwelo-mali lusebenzise i-30 cm. Ixesha elibekiweyo lokunyamalala igwebu lingaphezulu kwe-3 s. I-Foom Gene Goum kunye nexesha elimnandi lokuhlaliswa kwayo lithi intiyophu ingaphezulu kuwe kwaye abavelisi bayo basindiswa ngokongezwa kwearhente ethethayo.
Impembelelo kwiinxalenye zerabha kunye neegesi. Ukuba i-gost ivunyelwe ukudumba kwerabha ngaphandle kwe-5%, xa kunjalo xa usebenzisa i-antifreeze elungileyo, ayidluli kwi-0.5%.
Banokuqhelana nakwezona zikhombisi zikhankanyiweyo ukuba ufumana i-antiforh engafakwanga kuphononongo lwethu? Ngelishwa, kunokuba nzima ukubafumana nakuphi na izatifikethi zeemveliso. Kodwa ziboniswe kumaxwebhu ezobuchwephesha, ukuba yeyiphi na eyakuhlonitshwa (kunye nomthengi!) Umenzi wemveliso ehamba neemveliso zayo, ebonelela abathengisi. Ke ngoko, musa ukuthandabuza ukubuza ubukho bamaxwebhu anjalo kwivenkile xa ukhetha i-antiwreeze, kwaye ukuba ayikazenzekeli, kungcono ukunikezela ukuthenga.
Izimvo zeNgcali
Icacisa intloko yesixhobo sokufudumeza kunye nokufudumeza iinkqubo ze-WGup ", ilungu le-Presidium ye-NP AKK, umgqatswa we-Vitaly Ivanovich Sassin:
-Ulwazi olucwangcisiweyo kuphononongo lufanelekile ingqalelo. Kwaye kungekuphela nje kubathengi, kodwa nakwiingcali. Mna ke, ndingathanda ukwenza inani lezongezelelo kuyo, ngokoluvo lwam, iya kuba luncedo kubo bobabini abafundi bephephabhuku lenu kwaye kubo bonke abanomdla kwiinkqubo zokugcina i-antifreeze kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza.
Nye. Xa usebenzisa i-radiators yentsimbi yasekhaya, i-antifreeze kufuneka isetyenziswe kakhulu, ngelishwa, kwii-radiators, kuhlala kungabi ngamavili abonelelwa ngamaxwebhu obuchwephesha. Abanye babavelisi basetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kweerhasi zigcina i-antifowroze yayo itya ngokukhawuleza.
2. Abavelisi abaninzi bayaxoxa ukuba i-Glyy-Glycone iphuma kwi-antifreeze, kodwa kuphela amanzi kwaye ke le nto intiyozi ayiyi kuyingozi. Ukuvunywa oku akusaqinisekiswanga kwaye akukho mpikiswano, kuba indawo yokubila e-Ethylene Glycone iphindwe kabini ngamanzi. Kodwa, ukuba kunjalo, ukuba kunjalo, ukuba i-Englone Glycol Antiifreeze igcwele kwi-TAK, i-ekutyungelwe itanki evulekileyo kufuneka incitshiswe, ifaka umhlaba wonke. Oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kwengxelo yokungabi nabungozi, abavelisi bezinye i-antiforvreeze bayacetyiswa ukuba beze.
3. Iinkqubo zokufudumeza ezi-Antifowse zinokusetyenziswa kude kuzo zonke iitanki zokwandisa i-membrane, ayizizo zonke irabha kuzo ziya kuhlala "unxibelelwano" naloo upholileyo. Ke ngoko, ukukhetha itanki yokwandiswa, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba yenzelwe ukusebenza ne-antiforwisze.
ezine. Sidibene nezi zifundo kunye nento yokuba ngexesha lodumo lwezinto ezigxilwe kwezinye ii-antifous ezisetyenziselwa le "yendawo" yendawo inokunika impendulo ehambayo. Singongezwa ngamavili, i-antifreeze eyimfuneko. Ukuze kuqiniseke ngokuchasene ne-phenomeno, kuyaba sengqiqweni yokufumana i-antifreeze elungele ukusetyenziswa, okanye isebenzise amanzi anqatyisiweyo.
Ntlanu. Ezinye ii-thermostas, zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza, zinamanqanaba amabini asetwayo: Umlinganiso "wokunyusa" uhlengahlengise ukufunyanwa kwedayifragm yokudlula kwendidi, kwaye ukuba ifakiwe kwisikhundla esinokuvulwa ubuncinci (isikhundla 1 okanye i-7-8 ekhoyo), yalandelwa ngolwandiso olubukhali. Indinyana epholileyo nge-diaphragm ikhokelela kwisahlulelo somoya kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukusekwa kwetrafikhi yenqwelo moya okanye i-filam. Kumanzi, le nto ingemnandi, kodwa ngenxa yokuhombisa, ayisamkelekanga ngokupheleleyo. Ke ngoko, ukuba i-antifreeze iya kusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokufudumeza, i-"Umermange "iquka ufakelo kwisikhundla, ubuncinci i-3 (kunye nentla). Kwaye ngenxa yeso sicwangciso kubalulekile ukulandelela ngakumbi kwinqanaba lokufakwa kwe-thermostas.
6. Nokuba zinjani iindlela zomoya ezizenzekelayo, kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza, kungcono ukusebenzisa izixhobo zezandla. Oku kunxulunyaniswa nokufakwa kwe-antifreeze. Iingcebiso ezithatyathiweyo azikafuneki, kodwa isenzo sokuxhaphaza sele siyiqinisekisile ngokupheleleyo.
7. Xa ufaka iinkqubo zokufudumeza kunye nemibhobho yentsimbi ukuya kwiithayile zetywina, kuchazwe ngokusebenzisa i-linen Pass kwi-upet. Amaphupha asebenzayo avela emanzini, i-antifreeze ayibangeli i-flaks ikhulisa. Utya nje ". Kuba ufakelo kubhetele ukusebenzisa sealants ezikhethekileyo, ezifana Loctite; ngokwaneleyo 150 azinamsonto iikhompawundi 1/2 "), Loctite-542-single-candelo azinamsonto sealants, kunye polymerization apho ubunzima ezingenakunyibilika yeplastiki ngqongqo ukhandwa, ukugcwaliswa Ukucaciswa kwentambo (iindleko zokupakisha (i-10 ml) yi- $ 9.5; ezaneleyo ze-150-200 imichiza enamanzi aphantsi. Ewe, ezi mveliso azibizi kakhulu, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwazo Kugwetywe ngokupheleleyo kukunyaniseka kokufakwa.
Sibhozo. Ngaphambi kokuba ukhule, ukungcungcutheka kwinkqubo, kufuneka ihlanjululwe ngengoma ekhethekileyo. I "iiseti" ziveliswe unyango olunjalo ziquka amacandelo-2 - ukuhlamba (composition acid) kunye into yokuba lwaze isenzo ukuhlanjwa acid. Umsebenzi kufuneka wenziwe ngaphambi kokugcwaliswa kokuqala kwe-antifreeze kwinkqubo, ngakumbi emva kokusetyenziswa njengekupholeyo yamanzi. Ngaphandle koko, kukho umngcipheko wokuba i-antiforze "ibonakalisa i-rufus kunye nenqanaba kunye needipozithi ezifunyenweyo zinamanqaku enkqubo yokufudumeza.
Thoba. Ngenxa yokuxhonywa kwe-antiforme kwiinkqubo ezivulekileyo, ihlala iyimfuneko kwizihloko zayo. Ukuba kukho i-antiforme eyayingaphambi kwenkqubo yokungavisisini, kuya kubakho iingxaki. Ukuba akukho sitokhwe, kufanelekile ukuthenga kwaye sisebenzise ngokuchanekileyo i-antiformeze eyayisetyenziswa ngaphambili. I "New" Colant yongezwa kuphela ukuba iqinisekile ukuba iqinisekile ukuba ihambelana ngokupheleleyo ne "Old" - ukuba ayikho i-antifows yezongezo. Iziphumo zokuphuma kwezicatshulwa zongeziweyo ukusuka ekubunjweni kungangalindelekanga. Ke ngoko, ukuba akukho ntembelo kukuhambelana ngokupheleleyo kwamacandelo, kungcono ukongeza kwinkqubo yokuthintela amanzi okanye idibanise ngokupheleleyo i-antifreeze "idibanisa inkqubo" entsha "kuphela.
Kwaye ekugqibeleni. Iingcebiso ezininzi ezibonisiweyo zisekwe kuphela kumava asebenzayo kwaye ifuna ukufundwa nzulu kunye nokudityaniswa kwezindululo. Ngubani omele enze ezi zifundo kwaye yeyiphi imali entsokothile. Eyona nto inokwenzeka, kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa inkxaso-mali kurhulumente kunye nemali kwabo banomdla wokuqhuba izifundo ezinjalo abavelisi abaziimbiza.
| Izalathisi ezinokuthelekiswa | Ukuqina kwemveliso | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Praid", Moscow | "I-TKS", MOSCOW * | "IFort", Moscow ** | Himavto, Moscow | "I-Gelis-Int", Moscow | Ptk t-s, i-st. petersburg | "Prima Lex", Moscow | ||||
| Brand antifreeze | "I-Pridud-40" / "Ikratshi-k" / "ikratshi elite-k" | "Igazi elishushu - 30m" / "igazi elishushu - 65m" | "Igazi elishushu - igazi le-Ico" / "igazi elishushu - 65 eco" | "I-NDD-k" / "i-nord-65" | "Indlu efudumeleyo - 65" | I-Dixis ephezulu. | I-DIXIS-30 / DIXIs-65 | Umsitho wegalufa-30 / igalufa-65 *** | "I-Argus Hatdip" / "Argus Galan" | "I-Argus Ekovarm-65" / "Argus Ekovarm-30" |
| Isiseko | I-Ethylene Glycol | I-Ethylene Glycol | Propylene Glycol | I-Ethylene Glycol | I-Ethylene Glycol | Propylene Glycol | I-Ethylene Glycol | I-Ethylene Glycol | I-Ethylene Glycol | Propylene Glycol |
| Ukuxinana, G / CM3, kwiqondo lobushushu: | ||||||||||
| (15 | I-1,080 / 1,134 / 1,134 | I-1,062 / 1,086. | I-1,045 / 1,048. | I-1,12 / 1.08. | I-1,085 | I-1,040. | I-1,06 / 1.09. | I-1,06 / 1.09. | I-1,09 / 1.08. | I-1.05 / 1.04. |
| I-80s | - | 1.05 / 1.05 | 1.08 / 1.00 | - | - | I-0.99 | I-1,03 / 1.05 | - | I-1.05 / 1.04. | - / 0.99 |
| Indawo yokubila, c, nge-760m hg. | 115/13555 | I-106/115 | I-108/110 | 189/12. | I-112. | I-106. | I-106/111 | I-108/12 | I-110/10 | I-109/106. |
| I-Crystallization Qalisa iqondo lobushushu, kunye | -40 / -37 / -37 | -33 / -68 | -35 / -65 | -70 / -65 | -65 | -32. | -32 / -66 | -32 / -67 | -65 / -65 | -63 / -32 |
| Umthamo wobushushu, kj / (kgk), kubushushu: | ||||||||||
| 20c. | - | 3.42 / 3.09. | 3.56 / 3,37 | - / 3,2 | I-3,17 | I-3,61 | 3.45 / 2.97 | 3.45 / 3,01 | I-3,10 / 3,14. | 3.38 / 3,57 |
| I-80c. | - | 3.63 / 3,244. | 3.80 / 3,62. | I-3 / 3.4 / 3.7 | I-3,51 | 3.81 | 3.63 / 3.24. | 3.70 / 3.20. | I-3,25 / 3.26. | 3.63 / 3,78. |
| Impembelelo ye-PROROSIon kwiintsimbi: | ||||||||||
| Ubhedu | I-0.035 / 0 / - | I-0.03 / 0.03. | I-0.03 / 0.03. | I-0.01 / 0.002. | 0,01 | 0,01 | 0/0. | 0/0. | I-0.00 / 0.07 | I-0.04 / 0.03. |
| Ubhedu | I-0.05 / 0.02 / - | I-0.040 / 0.040 | I-0.02 / 0.02. | I-0.01 / 0.002. | 0.02. | I-0.03 | 0/0. | 0/0. | I-0.02 / 0.06. | I-0.03 / 0.02. |
| Umthengisi | I-0,2 / 0.12 / - | I-0.08 / 0.06. | I-0.04 / 0.06. | I-0.01 / 0,01 | I-0.03 | I-0.04. | I-0.03 / 0.07 | I-0.03 / 0.07 | I-0.03 / 0.04. | I-0.05 / 0.05 |
| I-aluminium | I-0.05 / 0 / - | I-0.02 / 0.04. | I-0.04 / 0.03. | I-0.02 / 0,01 | I-0.04. | 0,01 | 0/0 | 0/0. | I-0.02 / 0.06. | I-0.03 / 0.02. |
| Jula i-ayini | I-0.02 / 0 / - | I-0.02 / 0.020 | I-0.02 / 0.02. | I-0.01 / 0,01 | I-0.03 | I-0.03 | I-0.003 / 0.01 | I-0.003 / 0.001. | I-0.00 / 0.07 | I-0.03 / 0.03. |
| Intsimbi | I-0.02 / 0 / - | I-0.01 / 0.020 | 0.00 / 0.01 | I-0.01 / 0,01 | 0,01 | 0.02. | I-0.01 / 0.02. | I-0.01 / 0.002. | I-0.00 / 0.05 | I-0.01 / 0,01 |
| I-Fieing: | ||||||||||
| Umthamo we-foam emva kwemizuzu emi-5 nge-88c, cm | 1 / 0.8 / 08 | 12/15 | 11/12. | I-10/15/5 | 1.0 | 10.0 | 1.0 / 1.0 | 1.0 / 1.0 | 1.3/1 11. | 7.0 / 4.0. |
| Ixesha lokunyamalala ngetyala, kunye | 2/3/3 | I-1 / 1.5 | 1.7 / 1.6 | 1.5 / 1/05 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.0 / 1,1 | 1.0 / 1.0 | 1/2 | 1.5 / 1.5 |
| Ukudumba kwerabha (utshintsho kwithamsanqa iiyure ezingama-72 nge-100 ° C),% | I-0.6 / 2.9 / 2.9 | 1.2 / 0.9 | 1.0 / 1,1 | 1.2 / 0.6 / 04 | 1,1 | I-1,4. | 1.8 / 1.85 | 1.2 / 1.09. | 1.3 / 1.7 | 1.8 / 1.6 |
| Ipasika yedama, l | 1.4 / 1.4 / 4 | I-10, 20, 50, 200 | I-10, 20, 50, 200 | I-10, 20, 50, 200 | 20, 30. | 10, 20, 30, | I-10, 20, 50, 200 | I-10, 20, 50, 200 | - | |
| Ixabiso, i-rub / l (ngaphandle kwepakeji) | 33.2 / 53.6 / 66.9 | 12.6 / 19,2 | 39.0 / 54.0. | 25.5 / 16/12 | 16-17 | 48. | I-17/14 | I-14.0 / 20.0. | I-19.0 / 9.0. | I-57 /0 / 45.0 |
| * -Imveliso inomgangatho obenziwe ngu-ISO 9000; ** -iqulathe ezongeziweyo ezikhethekileyo ezinciphisa ithuba lokuvuza ngama-30 ukuya kwi-40; *** -U-wanika uphawu lomgangatho womanyano lwabathengi baseRussia ngoMeyi 2003 |
Abahleli bebulela inkampani "I-teks", "I-Gelis-Int", "Ikratshi", "hin", "i-PTK T-S" kunye "neForte" ukuze kuncediwe.