Wonke umntu uyazi malunga neCerebrospide. Kodwa nkqu nabathengisi ngamanye amaxesha bengaziwa zezona mpawu zibaluleke kakhulu, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphilayo, ezibeka iindlela kunye nemithetho yokusebenza.
Zininzi iinguqulelo ezibhaliweyo malunga nendlela elungileyo yezinto ezijongene nazo, ezibalaseleyo nezendalo, kunye neethayile ze-ceramic. Izizathu ezisibhozo zezi ngxelo ziziva ziqinisekile ukuba umthengi awuzukujongana nobunzima ekuthengeni nasekugcineni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuziqhelanisa kubonisa enye. Umthengi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha umthengisi akaziwa ezona mpawu zibalulekileyo ze-ceramic granite, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zohlobo, ukuqeshwa, iindlela zokubeka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona ...
-Well, ngaba unayo i-porcelain ye-porcelain yamatye?
-Ndicela, apha ndiphangwe! "
(Incoko kwimarike)
Asiyi kubuyela kumbuzo wemvelaphi yesihloko kunye ne-porcelain yamatye, kuba oku kubalulekile. Siqaphela kuphela ukuba i-tule yelitye lezinto eziphilayo lazalwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-Itali. Namhlanje, ezi zixhobo zivelisa zombini amashishini akhethekileyo kunye neenkampani ezivelisa iithayile ze-ceramic. Phakathi kweencwadi "ze-porcelain" kuphela eyaziwayo nge-Ceasar, i-casa dolce casa, calsanary-padana, i-cerdana, i-ronocerand, i-ronocerand, i-ronocerand, e-Italic (iRussia) IIDR. "I-ceramic" i-overparts esele ikhankanywe ngaphambili ekunikezelweni kweethayile azizange zibekho emva kokuqokelelwa kwezinto ze-GRESS PORCELDOTO, kwaye idibanisa i-ceramidi yeendonga kunye ne-PROPE. Sibiza ezinye zeefemu: i-Ascot, i-Iris, i-Atlas Concorde, iMoostico, i-Aparici, i-Pers, i-Peronda, i-Peramica (Spain ), Cerangati (iFrance), i-Novatres (Portugal) IIDR.
Ukuba uthatha isigqibo ngokuqinileyo ukubeka i-Porcelain yamatye, ngenxa yepropathi eyahlukileyo (malunga nabo kamva), nakwiitayile ze-Doramic (ngenxa yeendleko ze-Doramic), unokuhlala usenza ukhetho lwenye -Ingqokelela yengqokelela evela kuMvelisi omnye, ngaphandle kokudinisa "ukunyathela", oko kukuthi, ukhangela ozimeleyo kwiindidi ezifanelekileyo.
Ukuthandwa kweGres Porcellantoto (igama lase-Itali le-porcelain) kubathengi kunxulunyaniswa neepropathi zalo ezixhomekeke ngqo kubume, itekhnoloji yemveliso kunye nokusebenza okulandelayo. Ngokwembonakalo, izinto ezibonakalayo zihambelana neemveliso ezivela ePorcelain, ngokweetekhnoloji zeMveliso, iingcali ziyifaka kwi-tile yokudubula enye, kwaye kwizinto zokuphela kunye nobuhle obufana nelitye lendalo.
Kumxube wokuqala wayo nayiphi na i-Porcelain yamatye aquka iintlobo ezininzi zokukhanya, ezibizwa ngokuba zimhlophe, udongwe eKalimine; isanti ye-quartz; I-felspaar; ukupeyinta i-pigments - i-bietha zentsimbi; IKenium; I-Cadmium kunye nezinye izinto. Onke amacandelo anemvelaphi yendalo kwaye, ngokwahlukileyo kumacandelo eGranite yeNdalo, musa ukwenza njengomthombo wemitha yerediyo. Izinto zokugaya zicinezelwe phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu (i-45MPA, okanye i-450atm) kwizitampu ezinokwazi ukunika umphezulu welitye, iBhodi yeParquet kunye nezinye izixhobo. Amalungiselelo oMyingo oQhamileyo (1515, 20 20, 300, 3040, 4060sm, njl njl, nge-8 ukuya kwi-15 mm) bathunyelwa kwiqondo lobushushu 1250-1300C. Oku kufumanisa i-gorcelain ye-gorcelain ye-tile, iphawulwa ngumbala weHomogeneous kuyo yonke i-ticker yayo. Kulula ukwahlula ukusuka kwi-ceiramic ebiyilindile egqabiliweyo, enesidima (umzimba) nokuba ubomvu okanye mhlophe ngombala ohlukileyo womphezulu.
Ukuba umenzi ufuna ukuxelisa imabula ecokisekileyo yemabula, umkhondo, iinkuni, i-pile eqaqambileyo okanye i-biramic eqaqambileyo, ngaphandle kokuhlala indleko nge-stailling, i-tile gland (encinci). Umzobo oqengqeleka okanye ukutshiza kude kube kukudubula. Isiphumo ziintlobo ezimbini zomphezulu: Nokuba yiglasi eqinileyo-njengeglasi eqinileyo, efana ne-glaze ye-tiles eqhelekileyo, okanye i-Matte. Kwityala elingaphambi kwexesha, i-tile ifana kakhulu ne-ceramic, kwibala lesibini lingena kumthengisi. I-svideoy enjalo i-tile ayihluleki i-homogeneous, kodwa kwicala elingasemva lomnye umbala.
Itekhnoloji efanayo isetyenziswa kwimveliso ye-satin porcelain. Ngaphambi konyango lobushushu, imveliso egqityiweyo igqityiwe ngamakristali amanerali ebonakalayo egudileyo. Ngenxa yoko, kuyavela kancinci, ngokungathi kunjalo, "uthambile".
I-poogelaous okanye i-vorcelain ye-homogelain esuka kwiziko, njengommiselo, inomgangatho wamaTt. Ukufumana imicimbi eyahlukeneyo, i-tile egudileyo ifakwe kwi-risliance, kunye "ne" "(njengelitye) kubhaliwe ukwenza isiseko esinomdla kunye ne-Matete. Ukongeza, i-Porcelain ye-Porcelain ilungiswe ngemiphetho (imiphetho) ukufumana imilinganiselo echanekileyo kwaye ikhuphe i-microcolls emva kokuphumelela. Oku kwenza ukuba kube lula ukubeka njengelitye, phantse ngaphandle kwenkosane.
Ke, zininzi iindidi ze-GRESS Porcellato kwindibaniselwano eyahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye: i-matte, ityeshwe, ifihlwe, ifakwe, iqalile, ilungiswe. Kwaye bahluke ngokupheleleyo ngenkangeleko nakwezinye iipropathi.
Kwinkqubo yokudubula emzimbeni ocinezelweyo, iithayile ziinkqubo zokuhlengahlengiswa (ukukhula kweekristali kubunzima obunemikhono). I-vitoga incinci kakhulu, ngokwenyani i-monolithic uqinile inesifo esiphantsi. Ngaba ichaza ezona zibonelelo ziphambili ze-Porcelain Petlore: I-Acker ephantsi (ngaphantsi kwe-0.05%), ukumelana neqabaka, ukumelana nezifundo zekhemikhali. Imveliso yokugqibela iphawuleka ngokuzinza kobungakanani, ubunzima obukhulu, ukuqina, ukunxiba ukuxhathisa kunye nokugcinwa kwemibala phantsi kwento ye-radiation ye-ultraviolet. Zonke iipropathi ziqikelelwa kwimigangatho yehlabathi kwaye ziboniswe kwiikhathalogu zeMveliso kunye nokupakisha.
Nquma Din 51130.
| Kwisigqubuthelo somgangatho kwimimandla yomsebenzi kunye nendawo yokutyibilika | ||
| Iqela | I-Tilt engle, | Umda wesicelo |
|---|---|---|
| R 9. | Ngaphantsi kwe-10. | Amagumbi okunxiba, imimandla yokudlula kwabantu abangenanto, njl. |
| R 10. | Ukusukela nge-10 ukuya kwi-19 | Izindlu zangasese, iipaseji, ikhitshi, njl. |
| R 11. | Ukusukela nge-20 ukuya kwi-27 | Ukuhlamba iimpahla, verandas evulekileyo, iitranti, njl. |
| R 12. | Ukusuka kwi-28 ukuya kwi-35 | Izityalo ezisebenzayo zenyama, ikhitshi lemizi-mveliso, iifektri zeswekile, njl. |
| I-R 13. | Ngaphezulu kwe-35. | Imimandla ekhethekileyo yamashishini anemizi-mveliso. |
I-Ntham 51097.
| Kwizigqubuthelo zomgangatho kwiindawo ezimanzi apho imilenze yeBosy ihamba | ||
| Iqela lovavanyo | I-Tilt engle, | Umda wesicelo |
|---|---|---|
| A. | Ngaphezulu kwe-12. | Amagumbi okunxiba, imimandla yokudlula kwabantu abangenanto, njl. |
| B. | Ngaphezulu kwe-18. | Amagumbi okuhlamba amagumbi, icala lechibi, njl. |
| C. | Ngaphezulu kwe-24. | Icala lamachibi anethambeka, phantsi kwamanqanaba aphantsi kwamanzi, njl. |
Iipropathi kunye nendawo oya kuyo
Ukufunxa kwamanzi (En 99) kwaye Ukunganyangeki (En 202). I-Porcelain yamafuthe, njengoko sele kukhankanywe ngaphambili, inolwazi olusezantsi lwamanzi (ukusuka kwi-0.01 ukuya kwi-0.01 ukuya kwi-0.05%) kuzo zonke izinto ze-ceramic (kuphela i-gesi kuphela engayifumani umswakama ngokomgaqo). Xa kuthelekiswa: Ixabiso elincinci leethayile ze-ceramic yi-1%, kwi-Granterite 0.46%, kwiMarble - 0.11%. I-tile yelitye lokufakelwa linokubekwa naphi na: Kwisitrato, endlwini, kwindawo ematyale kwaye ize isebenzise ifowuni yePallet ngaphandle koloyiko emva kwemvula okanye ngomphefumlo, ngokwahlukeneyo. Kodwa akuthethi konke okufanelekile ukuthwala isitshixo sechibi okanye eluphahleni lwendlu. Kutheni ubuza. Kuba ngelixa abavelisi bengazenzi iingqokelela ezimhlophe okanye eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kuya kuvela indleko kakhulu (ngexabiso eliphantsi ukuthenga umxube kaMosaic), kunye ne-tile yohlobo lwe-lutol "okanye phantsi kwelitye lendalo" okanye phantsi kwelitye lendalo elinemihla elimdaka. Ngokufanayo, i-Gres Porcellanato ayikwazi ukutshintsha iithayile eluphahleni lophahla, kodwa zijamelene ne-veranda okanye iqonga eluphahleni. Ewe kunjalo, kuyimfuneko ukubonelela nge-Seams eLondolozwe rhoqo kwi-2-3m, inkqubo yokuhamba kwamanzi (enethambeka elincinci 2), i-Geestroof enomgangatho ophezulu.Ukuthathwa kwamanzi asezantsi kubonakaliswa ngokuchasene neqhwa. Ukusukela umswakama awungene ngaphakathi kwempahla, xa iqondo lobushushu lihla kumaxabiso amabi, iikristali zokwenza umkhenkce aziphumi i-tile. Nawaphi na i-Porcelain yamatye (ngokweziphumo zovavanyo olusemgangathweni) kwaye uyakwazi ukumelana ngaphezulu kwe-50 yemijikelezo kunye ne-nqubles.
Amandla e-flexual (I-100). Ngokwesi salathisi, i-Porcelain yamatye ngamaxesha ama-3 amatye endalo ngakumbi, amaxesha ama-2 kunye ne-1.5 yemigangatho ye-ceramic. Ngokwedatha ebonelelwe kwiikhathalogu ze-ATHODI, ixabisekile ukusuka kwi-35 ukuya kwi-6 ukuya kwi-63n / mm2y, yi-50 N / MM2, e-27 N / MM2. Imeko yomphezulu, umbala kunye nokuthula kuchaphazela kancinane amandla okugoba. Ukuba umthwalo wezinto ezibonakalayo kulindeleke ukuba ube nkulu, bathatha i-tile ye-tile (i-10 ukuya kwi-10mmm) incinci kwigxalaba elingaphezulu lokugoba ukuze libe ngaphantsi.
Amandla aphezulu e-Porcelain Precelare Askere Akhoboka le-Porcelain akufuneki abe sisizathu sokubeka iithayile kwiindawo ezilungisiweyo kwangaphambili. Iqatshelwe ngokungqinelana kakuhle (phantsi kwemiphetho ye-tiless akufuneki ibe zii-voids) kunye nesiseko esingqongqo ngokwaneleyo, kwaye ukwakhiwa okunamathela kuze kubekwa ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle kwamaqela. Ngaphandle koko, cinezela kwi-tile, unyuka ngomda. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kwenzeka kwizitepsi, apho amanqanaba angalinganiyo ajongene nayo.
Ngelishwa, iithayile ze-ceramic, kubandakanya i-Porcelain yama-Perclare, musa ukuziva ngamandla. Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho izinto ezintle nezincinci ezijongene nezinto ezifuna ukuthambeka ngexesha lokuhamba nokulala. Iibhayisikile ziqhelekile ukuba ama-Porcelain ama-Porcelari anokumelana nethontsi kuhlamba lwentsimbi kwaye akasayi kubandezeleka. Oku akunjalo. Ngaphandle kwamandla amakhulu kunetayile ye-ceramic, eya kujika kungqubana esiphelweni, ilitye elibonakalayo lonakalisiwe. Ayifane idibane nezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, ke sukuba nexhala malunga nokhuseleko lokudibana, ukuba ifakwe kakuhle (jonga ngezantsi).
Ukuchasana ne-Abrasion yeyona ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu yokujongana nezixhobo zomgangatho, kwaye iingcali zihlala zinikela ingqalelo kuyo. Ukumamela i-tiles ekhalayo, nokuba yi-ceramics elula okanye i-Porcelain yamatye, kukho i-European ye-European ye-EN 154. Umgaqo we-European we-154. Ukuba, emva kohlaziyo lwe-150 phezu komphezulu wokukhanya kwesibane esikhethekileyo, akukho troni ifunyenwe iklasi yeklasi, emva kokujika kwe-600, i-PeI II, i-PEI III. Ixabiso le-Pei IV lifanelekile into engakhange ichaphazele imijikelezo engaphezu kwe-1,500. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, olona qikelelo luphezulu ziithayile ze-pei v jikelele ezixhasa ngaphezulu kwe-12000 yeengxondorha. Njengoko ubona, umahluko phakathi kweeklasi ze-IV kunye V zilungile. Abanye abavelisi babonisa isantya esichanekileyo se-goarts apho i-tile yeklasi yesine (i-3000, 6000 okanye i-9000) ibaliwe, kodwa kukhethwa kulawulo. Abathengi, inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kweethayile ezikhatywayo zimiselwe kuxhomekeka kwiqela lokunganyangeki:
Iqela 1 (Pei i) - Kwizakhiwo, apho inyathelo elincinci licingelwa, kwaye ke nge-slippers (umzekelo, kwigumbi lokuhlambela, amagumbi okulala).
Iqela 2 (PEI II) -Yiyonto enye, kodwa ilunge ngakumbi. I-tiles ayikeki ukuba ibekwe ekhitshini nakwindlela yeholo, kwizitepsi kunye neebhalties.
Iqela 3 (PEI III) -Olu tshintsho ilungele indawo yokuhlala, i-cottage, iiofisi ezincinci, ngaphandle kwemimandla enentshukumo enkulu, efumaneka kuphela kwi-hotele kuphela, kwizitepsi kwizakhiwo zegumbi, njl.
Iqela 4 (PEI IV) -Kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise ngaphakathi kunye nobungakanani bentshukumo ukusuka kumndilili ukuya phezulu. Oku kuphantse nawuphi na umgangatho kwizakhiwo zokuhlala, ii-hontels, iiofisi, kubandakanya izitepsi kunye neeholo, iitayile kunye neebhaluni.
Iqela 5 (PEI v) -I-ISO 10545- I-TILE YEKLALO Ingasetyenziswa naphi na, kwiindawo ngalo naluphi na ubukhulu bentshukumo, nkqu ne-gestles kwizikhululo zikaloliwe. Izinto zezakwiqela lesihlanu, ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa ne-pei iv. Abathengisi abaninzi babhengeza imveliso yabo-ebuthathaka ye-procelain yamatye, yibale kwi-Pei v. Le yindoda enesiqingatha. Kwi-tile ngaphandle kwe-glazes, uvavanyo olunjalo alwenziwanga, kodwa kubungakanani bokuyifumana luhambelana ngokupheleleyo kwinqanaba eliphezulu.
Ukunxiba ukunganyangeki Ii-Cerambulonits ziqikelelwa kwiikhrayitheriya ezintathu: Ubunzima (En 101), ukunxiba umphezulu (e-En 154) kunye nokuncinwa kwe-vansing enzulu (en 102). Eyona nto iphambili kukuba ayiyiyo yonke i-porcelain inolwazi oluphezulu lokuchitha, njengoko abavelisi kunye nabathengisi babhengeza.
Apha, kukho ikhrayitheriya enye, ngaphandle kobunzima "obungaphezulu" (isalathi, ngokungaqhelekanga, ubunzima bungabonisi). Kukho iindidi zokudinwa komgangatho we-PEI ngokwe-En 154, eziboniswe kuphela kwi-tiles ebilayo, kunye nezixhobo zokunxiba ezinzulu nge-v 102 ye-Percelare ye-Porcelain Percelare. Oku kwenza ukuthenga kwintloko yabathengi (kunye nabathengisi), bekholelwa ukuba nayiphi na i-GreslSannatoto ye-Prescellatoto yeyolona klasi liphezulu le-PEI (kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, iv), i-PEI iv.
Chaza ngolungelelwano. Isalathiso esinzima selukhuni sixela ukumelana nokusekwa kwezinto zokukrala kunye nokusika. Uvavanyo alunamsebenzi, akukho ndlovu. Ngokwesiqhelo i-101, iklasi yobukhuni ibelwa kwinqanaba le-MOHS le-1 ukuya kwi-10 (1- talsec ... I-7-8- topat, i-8- Idayimane) emva kokukrola ezo okanye ezinye iiminerali. Ukujongana ne-tile kufuneka ihambelane neklasi yesi-5 nangaphezulu. Kubalulekile ukuba uqonde ukuba kumgangatho wokugubungela eyona nto iphambili kwisanti, ebandakanya i-quartz. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukuba umgangatho weTile uza kuba nobulukhuni obungaphezulu kwe-7 yiMohs. "Ilitye" le-Matte linobunzima be-8-9, igqabilikiwe - 5-7, ifuthele - 5-6. Kwigama, ingxelo yokuba akukho porridge bayoyika ukukrala, ngokungekho semthethweni ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, ukuba awusuli ubumdaka kwindlela yendlela, apho imigangatho idityaniswe khona ngolu hlobo lwe-tile, umkhondo unokuhlala. Akuyi kuba nakho ukuphiwa emva koko. Qaphela ukuba kumagumbi apho seluhlathini apho isanti, isitrato "ityiwa", njengommiselo, hlalani kwi-mats yokungena okanye ekufundisweni, i-porcelain evuthiweyo ayonakalisi.
Ukuxhathisa kweziphumo ezixhaphazayo kumisela amandla e-enamel ukuba athambekele umjikelo wamaninzi ngaphandle kokwenziwa kweziphene ezibonakalayo. I-Greyid Porcelain Precelain idlalwa iklasi ukusuka kwi-PEI ivela kwi-Pei v. Rhoqo ungadibana ne-tile ye-tile yesine, eyamkelekileyo ukuba ibeke kwiindawo ezinamandla okuphumelela kakhulu. Kodwa ungalibali ukuba umsantsa phakathi kwethayile ye-pei iv kunye neeklasi ze-PEI zibalulekile.
Kwikhathalogu ye-Percelain yePorcelain ye-Porcelain, ixabiso lokuxhathisa ukunxiba okunzulu, nto leyo eboniswe kumthamo wezinto ezibonakalayo, ezivela kwi-thaile ngexesha lenkqubo yovavanyo. Isalathisi sinokwahluka kwiqokelelo eyahlukileyo ukusuka kwi-110 ukuya kwi-140mm3, engaphantsi kakhulu kune-10 / ephantsi komda ofanelekileyo we-102 ye-EN0 yeethayile zomgangatho (250mm3). Ixabiso eliphantsi le parameter, engcono.
Iingcebiso ngokubanzi kwiingcali zokusebenza kwe-qabane zincitshisiwe koku kuncitshiswa oku kulandelayo:
I-Matte Homogeneous Porcelain yamat-nexreware inokubekwa naphi na, unikezele ngokuxhaphake kakhulu kunye nokungafuneki.
Xa ukhetha uhlobo olukhanyisiweyo lwelitye lokufakelwa, kufuneka unikele ingqalelo kwiklasi ye-PEI. Ukuba iphantsi i-IV, i-tile ayifanelanga ukuba ibekwe kumagumbi kunye nepilecy ephezulu (njenge holo yokungena, izinyuko). Ukuba i-Pei ilingana ne-IV okanye v, v, ngoko kwiimeko zezangaphakathi zengaphakathi (kwaye uninzi loluntu) alunakukhathazeka malunga nokuqina kwento, nangona singayicingi igaraji okanye kwigumbi lobugcisa, apho nabani na akunakwenzeka ukuba uyixabise idatha engaphandle. Kulula ukuthatha i-gomoogeneous ye-homogeneous ye-gosogeneous yohlobo "ipepile".
Kuyavakala ukuba ukufumanisa ukuba ingaba ikhona, ifakwe i-Porcelain Porcelain Presere, ukufumana isanti enokonakalisa (kwenye indawo emva kweminyaka emihlanu). Izixhobo zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo kwintengiso azikho! Kwaye ngenye indlela sebenzisa olu hlobo lokuphambana kuyo nayiphi na imiphezulu, apho bangayi kutyhilwa iSambasa yesanti.
Umbala kunye nokucoceka . I-Porcelain yamabeki-PAYERERORORORORORORY AKUKUFUNI UKUTHETHA NGOKWENZA LWEZAKHONO, uninzi lwe-acids ezininzi kunye ne-alkali ayoyiki. Oku kungqina iimvavanyo eziqhutywa ngokwemilinganiselo yemigangatho ye-DON 51094 ne-106 (okanye 122), ngokulandelelana. Ngokwesiqhelo e-122, emva kovavanyo, i-tule yabelwe iklasi yokuxhathisa imithombo yeendaba, esekwe kuhlobo lomonakalo:
Iklasi ye-AA: Akukho tshintsho.
Iklasi A: Utshintsho oluncinci ngenkangeleko.
Iklasi B: I-avareji ephakathi ngembonakalo.
Iklasi c: Ukuphulukana nenxalenye yohlobo lokuqala.
Iklasi D: Ukuphulukana ngokupheleleyo nohlobo lokuqala.
Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo, i-ceramic granite inokuhambelana neeklasi A okanye aa. Ke ngenkalipho wayisebenzisa esitratweni, ekhitshini, kwigaraji okanye kwigumbi lokugcina. Uninzi lweemali zasekhaya aziyi kumchaphazela.
Uhlobo nje lwentengiso. Inye awuyi kufunda kwiincwadana: Kuhlala kukho idayi enjalo enokuyonakalisa i-coraight, nokuba ixhaphakile kangakanani. Iingcali ezininzi zisicela ukuba sizise kulwazi lwakho ukuba akunakwenzeka ukushiya amasango emifuno ixesha elide kumphezulu we-Porcelare. Emva kweveki kunzima ukuyicoca, de isebenzise iingxowa-mali ezikhethekileyo eziqhotyoshelweyo ngumzi-mveliso. Kunye nomphezulu webala, imeko imbi ngakumbi. Kungcono ukunyanzela abasebenzi ngokukhawuleza emva kokubeka i-Porcelain Proating.
Sukuzama abamakishi ukumisela umgangatho wezinto, njengoko iinguqulelo ezininzi zicebisa. Ukongeza kwinto yokuba uya kuyonakalisa i-tile, akukho nto yenzekayo. Omnye umthengisi wasixelela ibali elichukumisayo malunga nokuba umthengi, ukufumana iziphene ezithile kumphezulu we-porcelain kunye neziqendu ezivaliweyo, zasasaza iindawo ezinamagqabi anotywala, kwaye emva koko i-tile ivaliwe, kwaye Kwakufuneka iphoswe ngaphandle. Sukuphinda amava anqabileyo!
Rhabaxa . Ipropathi ehlala ijongwa xa umgangatho ukhethiweyo. Kukho ibali le nqaku. Isitya senziwe. I-Hostess ihamba ngeqhina lenja esele ihlanjwe, emva koko ityhilwe kwaye igqabhuqa, ikhwaza: "Yonke into! Thenga!" Kubuzwe: "Yintoni ingxaki?" "Ewe, ii-piws zam zihambahamba kule ndawo," impendulo ilandelayo.
Iimpahla zeporcelain zithathwa njengezona ziphuli. Akucetyiswa ukuba ubekwe kwiindawo, apho amanzi anokuwa phezu komphezulu, umzekelo kwiveranda okanye kwi-paller pallet. Ngaphandle koko, amathuba okutyibilika ayanda.
Kwithayile yomgangatho, iimvavanyo ezikhethekileyo zenziwa, ngokutsho kweklasi yokupentsha kwizihlangu (din 51130), kwaye i-Dir 51097). Ngokutsho okokuqala, i-porcelaist, njengommiselo, nikezela ukucofa kwi-R9 ye-R9 ukuya kwelona liphezulu le-R12, kodwa lisebenza rhoqo nge-R10-11, leliphi esetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kuzo zonke iindawo zokuhlala. Ukugqitywa kwemimandla engaphandle kwezakhiwo (amanyathelo everanda, indawo yokudlala ephambi komnyango, i-ramp ekungeneni, njl.) Phantse bonke abavelisi be-ceramic graip tile ye-12- I-13th ikhupha kunye nendawo ebiyelweyo ebiyibhubhileyo ethintela ukutyibilika nangona imozulu imbi.
Ngokomgangatho "ongcolileyo", i-tule yeqela A. ilungele indawo eyomileyo. Kodwa ukuze kungafuneki ecaleni kwechibi okanye kwishawa, kwaye sikucebisa ngeendlela zeklasi ye-B, kwaye zingcono s .
Calibras
Emva kokudubula, iithayile ze-porcelain zinokwahluka ngokobukhulu. Ke ngoko, kulungelelaniswe, oko kukuthi, zibekelwe ngokwamaqela ubukhulu, i-scate engaphakathi engaphantsi kwe-1mm. Ukucula umzi-mveliso othile kukho inkqubo yee-calibers, eyahlukileyo kwabanye. Umzekelo, caliber caliber - 299.5-300.5mm- phantse ihambelana nobungakanani obubhengeziweyo angama-3003000mm, i-100.5-301.5- sele ihlukile kuyo, eyesibini yi-301.5- kuya kwahluka ngakumbi nangakumbi. Njengommiselo, abakhweli abakufuphi banokudityaniswa, umahluko phakathi kwezinto uya kuba phantse ungabi namva.
Ukulungiswa kokulungiswa kunciphisa ukungangqinelani, oko kukuthi, kunyusa ukuchaneka kwekhalibrari. UDelta uyancipha ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-0.5mm. Kukwenza lula ukubeka itayile yeefomati ezahlukeneyo. Kulula ukudibanisa iMatte kunye ne-Porcelain Porcelain yamatye anemithi encinci, engenakwenzeka nje kwizinto ezingafunekiyo. Ukulungiswa komda kukhetho 3 lwe-1m2 yezixhobo.
Ixabiso lobuhle
Enye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kwaye mhlawumbi ezona zininzi ze-vogelain Porcelain Precelare (kungenjalo, ihle-nye, isukele ngokupheleleyo "kubunzima", i-Tutta Massa, njengoko i-massans ithini). Oku kungenxa yokuba abavelisi bagxile kwimfuno yamashishini anemizi-mveliso, izikhululo zeenqwelo moya, ii-ofisi, indawo ephezulu ye-supermarthi, apho indawo enkulu yomgangatho yayifanele ukuba ijongene nenkonzo ende kwaye inxibe kakhulu ebomini. Kude kube ngoku, kukho ingqokelela ye-Porcelain ye-Porcelain ye-Porcelain ye-Potreware "i-Stotyi-Pepper" i-Pepper "emva kokufana kwawo ngaphandle kwale ndawo yokuxuba. Ivelisa abavelisi abaninzi kwiCanalgrandada-padana ukuya kwiPhezulu leRussia. Kwintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze "ipepile-i-ityiwa" ebhalwe kwizithunzi ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kuluhlaza oluluhlaza kumnyama. Iindleko zeteyile zeMatte ukusuka kwi-12 (iCalabria, 3030cm, ukusuka kwi-ciernit, ePoral) ukuya kwi-26 (i-coral) ukuya kwi-26 (i-coral Granit, 3030cm, ukusuka kwi-SAK).Okungakumbi "kuthathwa njengeyona nto iphambili kwi-porcelain porcelain yamatye, ebizwa ngokuba" yi-monocolor "(iTinte iyamanyanisa.). Ixabisa phantse isiqingatha sexesha elingaphezulu kwe "ipepile", njengoko i-dys engavisisani ixhaphakile isetyenziswa kwimveliso yayo, kwaye kunzima ukufumana ithoni. Kodwa uyilo olufanayo lufanelekile ukugqiba ukugqiba iindawo ezinkulu, ezinje ngegumbi lokuhlala kumgangatho we-cottage, apho unokudibanisa iithayile eziposayo ngeMatte. Emva koko uya kujonga ukuphumelela. I-Fouaper Geish Tile, iBlue eBlue kakhulu. Umzekelo, i-Aquamarina, 3030cm, ukusuka kwi-ItalGranii ixabisa 23, kwaye i-Blu- 27 ye-1m2.
Elona xesha liphezulu lokuphunyezwa kwesigqibo esingaqhelekanga kulo naliphi na igumbi linika i-Porcelain yamatye elixeliswa ngemodeli yelitye lendalo. Olu lolona hlobo lubiza kakhulu i-gorcelotous vscellanato, kuba isetyenziswa ziidayi ezininzi kunye nenkqubo yokuxhuzula okuntsonkothileyo ekuvumela ukuba ufumane i-homogeneous yoqhawulo mtshato " Ithoni ngokubanzi kufuneka ihlale izinzile, kungenjalo umgangatho uya kujongeka njengomva weyadi. Iifektri zivelisa ngokufana phantse naliphi na ilitye lendalo-ukusuka kwimabula kunye ne-granite ukuya kwi-jaspi engathandekiyo. Kwaye okufanayo, okuphakathi kwetyhefu kuxabisekile, kwaye ixabiso lisondela kwintsusa (yendalo) - ukusuka kwi-35 nge-1M2. Ngoko ke, ngokumangalisayo efanayo ukuya inyengane yokwenene ebomvu bulungiswe Mattie ithayile Graniti Multicolor Olubomvu Marmi E Graniti ubungakanani 3060cm ibiza 56 1m2 nganye ku neevenkile.
Ukuxeliswa kwesicelo (sesakhiwo) kwawo nawuphi na umgangatho wendalo, nokuba lilitye, ukuba lilitye, kwenza ukuba umkhuhlane wahlukane nobume bendawo yokujonga izinto. I-Wallsern Saicis, iPeronda, iMarandu, iMarazdi, iziphoso kunye nezinye iifektri zineziqokelelo, ziphindaphinde imbonakalo yeBhodi yeParquet evela kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeenkuni. Ubume beenkuni budluliselwe ngokuchanekileyo, i-fick-yonke into, ukuya kuthi ga ngokuhamba kwesibubu-gazi. "IParquet" evela kwi-Porcelain yama-Porcelain ayifuni kukhathalelo kwaye ngokungafaniyo nendalo, ayizukunceda na ishumi leminyaka na ekhitshini. Ngapha koko, uya kukufudumla, ukuba ufaka ngaphambili imigangatho yombane.
Ukujongana "endle", ilitye eliqingqiweyo elinemithi enkulu limiselwe yi-mediteranean aesthetics, esekwe kwizithethe zemithi yamaxesha amaninzi. Kwanangaphakathi ehlanjini, unokwenza kwakhona umoya wentendelezo yaseRoma, ukuba sibeka phantsi ngokubona izitovu ze-surnidic ze-surnifoin porcelain, ezifanayo nelitye lesanti okanye umkhondo. Ukuqokelelwa kwelitye le-Coarde lingafanelekanga, caesare, i-casa dolce casa kunye nezinye iifeksi. Ngenyani okanye njengokuhombisa inkampani i-SAICIS, i-Atlas Compaorde, njl njl. Qaphela ukuba izinto ezifakelweyo zamandla kunye nokunganyangeki kungaphantsi kwaye kunokukhethwa phantsi kwempembelelo yothusayo okanye ekunxibe. Ke ngoko, akufuneki ubeke i-tile ye-tile, umzekelo, kwindlela yeholo. Ukongeza, kufanele ukuba ukhunjulwe ukuba i-Porcelain ye-Porcelain ingcolile ingcolile kunesiqhelo.
Imbonakalo ye-Porcelain ye-Porcelain ye-Porcelain ayiphelelanga ekukhupheleni kwamatye okanye iinkuni. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zobuso-ukusuka kwi-notch ye-anti-slip (kubandakanya namanyathelo) kwiimilo kwimo ye-Star okanye igqabi lemephu kunye ne-leple kunye nengoma yonke.
I-Gresd Gres ye-Prescellanto inokuba nayo nayiphi na imibala kunye nokuma. Ingcinga yamagcisa ayinamda kwanto. Nokuba umzobo ngohlobo lwemifuno okanye yejometri isetyenziswa kumphezulu. Isahlulo esimanzi sentengiso ye-Porcelain Tenses ekhuphisana ne-ceramics yemveli ngenxa yokufunxa kwamanzi aphantsi kunye nokuchasana okuphezulu. Ixabiso eliphantsi (15-35 nge-1m2) kwaye uyilo olunomdla lwenza ilitye lokufakelwa komchasi.
Njengoko sele sithethile, kuba sichitha isiphumo se-homogeneous kunye ne-greyd porcelain porilishe ipolilishe. Isiphumo se-tile ifumana umbala otyebileyo, itshintsha le patheni, ingqolowa ibe nkulu kwaye iqaqambe, kwezinye iimeko uqhawulo-mtshato luvele, olungabonakali kwinguqulo yeMatte. Ingqele eqaqambileyo ijongeka ihle kwaye ixabisa i-1.5-2 ngaphezulu kweMatte. Ukongeza, i-rine inyanzelekile ukuba ihlale ihleli ngaphakathi kwisitayile esinye. Iithayile ezinesiqingatha ne-satin azikho mkhulu, kodwa zinomtsalane, ohlula umntu okrelekrele kakhulu kwi-Aristocral Aristoct. Okwangoku, "isibuko" ubukhali sihamba kunye nokuncipha kokunxiba kunye nokunyuka okuncinci kokunyuka kwamanzi, kuba ukuphefumla okuphezulu kwaye kuphazamisa ukuthembeka kwee-microPhes. Ke ngoko, njengelitye lendalo eliphindwelweyo, i-Porcelain ye-Porcelain igqunywe kwangoko ngokuqulunqa okukhethekileyo, ukongeza ukukhusela umphezulu ukusuka kumdaka kunye nokukrwela. Ukudibana kwemini kuya kufuna ukhathalelo, ukucoca ngeendlela ezikhethekileyo, ngakumbi okokuqala emva kokubulawa.
I-tile evuthiweyo inokudityaniswa neMatte, ukuba ukhetha ngqo ubungakanani. Umahluko unokungaphantsi kwe-1mm. Imilinganiselo iboniswa kwizalathiso, okanye ngqo kwiphakheji. Eyona ndlela ilula yokudibanisa i-matte ye-Matte ye-mat ye-tiles elungisiweyo, njengoko i-caliber yabo iyahambelana. Ubungqingqwa be-Porcelain ye-Porcelain i-Porcelain incinci kancinci, kodwa kulula ukulungiswa ngokongeza ukwakhiwa okungakumbi.
Izinto zokuhombisa . Ukuhanjiswa kweetayile ze-thayile ze-thayile ezininzi abavelisi bokuhombisa kunye nezinto ezisebenzayo. Zonke iifektri zinamanyathelo, iinxalenye zangaphambi kwezitepsi, iintloko zetafile, njl.
Amashishini ewonke achitha zonke iintlobo zokwamkela kwi-ceramics, yongeza imida eyahlukeneyo, itayile yomzobo, ukufakwa kwe-oskimu yokuqokelelwa kwenziwe kumoya weklasi. Indlela yokufumana i-laser efihlakeleyo ikhula ngokukhawuleza, apho kudalwa khona, ngaphambili kuye kwaphunyezwa ngamatye. Izinto ezintle ze-mosaic, iiroses, iipaneli ezivela kwi-Porcelain yamatye. Ngokweenkcukacha, sabhala malunga nayo yonke le nto ngeMpahla kaJulayi kwiMagazini ka-2003. Indleko ye-DECOR ingaphezulu kakhulu kune-tile ye-tile. Umzekelo, iphaneli yomgangatho wama-800800mm ukusuka kwi-SUGRAG ixabisa i-400-600, kunye ne-1 umda wenkampani enye - ngo-160-200.
Ilele
Xa ibeka i-porcelain ye-porcelain tile, i-Gluegs isetyenzisiwe. Inika i-clutch elungileyo kunye nesiseko. Iingcali azibonisi itekhnoloji yendabuko ngodaka lwe-cerican ye-Porcelain yamatye, kuba uneziphatho eziphantsi kwaye kule meko ayiyi kubambelela.
Isiseko. Ukulungiswa kwesiseko sokubeka iithayile usebenzisa imixube yobumbethe-hayi umsebenzi olula. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ubungqola, njengoko i-frigite porite. Ewe kunjalo, inokuthi ihlawulwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Slab ngaphezulu, kodwa kungabi ngaphambili kwiinyanga ezi-6 emva kokwakhiwa kwendlu, eya kuthi ifunwe ukuba i-shrinkige yendalo.
Ukulinganisa isiseko, kuya kufuneka udale isikhephe okanye ubotshwe ngekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi. Isiseko sokudada kufuneka sibe nobungqingqwa ubuncinci obuyi-5-10 cm, kuxhomekeka kumthwalo. Ukuba ukongeza kubushushu okanye ukufuduswa kwesandi, okucetyiswa ngokulula, isikrolo kuya kufuneka somelezwe. Kwaye apha, kwakhona, kufanele ukuba kuphantsi kweentsuku ezingama-28 ubuncinci (phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezilungileyo) kwi-ofisi kangaka ebizwa ngokuba kukuvuthwa kwesisombululo, ngaphambi kokuba ubeke i-porcelain yamatye.
I-stred ebotshwe ngesiseko igalelwe kumphezulu, ilungiselelwe kwangaphambili yindlela ekhethekileyo yokwandisa ubunamatheko, ngaphandle kokunxibelelana nodonga. I-TIL inakho kuphela emva kwethuba le-shrinkgege kwinqanaba leveki nganye nganye nganye ye-screen. Ixesha lokulinda linokuncitshiswa ngokusisiseko ukuba ukusetyenziswa kokuqina okukhawulezileyo okungaguqukiyo. Kodwa lo mbuzo uyimfihlo kwaye ufuna abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo.
Ufakelo. Ezi kunye nezinye iindawo ezinentshukumo ebanzi kukhethe ukusetyenziswa kwemixube yokubopha i-rigid engqongqo ngakumbi, njengegricane ye-telus kwisiseko sesamente kunye nokongezwa kwe-latex kunye ne-epoxy resins. Ekhitshini, kwigumbi lokuhlambela, ishawa, esitratweni nakwezinye iindawo apho amanzi avuthayo liwela kumphezulu okanye umahluko weqondo lobushushu ongafakwanga, kufuneka lusetyenziswe ziindidi. Okufanayo xa ilele yomeleza ii-serilete zekhonkrithi, phantsi kokuziqhelanisa needrafti kunye nemilinganiselo. Umaleko we-glue kufuneka wenziwe ubuncinci i-3-5mm kwaye ufake isicelo kwisiseko nakwiitayile njengeyunifomu.
I-Seams. I-Porcelain stxreware ibekwe kwi-0-12mm gap yokuhlawula iishedyuli zobushushu. Iithayile ezilungisiweyo zinokubekwa ngomthungo omncinci (malunga ne-1 mm), kodwa kuphela kwigumbi elifudumeleyo lonyaka. I-SEAMS izele ngamandla esekwe kwisamente okanye kwi-Epoxy Composite kunye ne-Elastic Polysurethane. Ukhetho lokuqala nolwesibini lufanelekile ukufumana amathuba acocekileyo ngakumbi, owesithathu - wemimandla enobunzima obuphezulu. Ukufika kwale mihla kwisiseko sesamente, ngokwahlukileyo kwiPolytorthane, sukuphela. UAdalsha, njenge-tiler uthi, ukuba yonke into yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, kwi-tile ungakhwela kwitanki!
Ekugqibeleni
Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba i-Porcelain ye-Porcelain ye-Porcelain yimpahla entle, enobuhlobo ecode, inyange nasiphi na isiphumo, yile, iyazisola. Izinto ezintsha ezivela kuMboniso weCersae'2003 ziya kubonakala kungekudala, ziya kukubulala.
IBhodi yokuHluleleni Enkosi ngoncedo lokulungiselela izinto zenkampani "jie", "imimandla", "I-Ibtm", "Granitorsres".