Yintoni intshukumo yombane, ezikweentlobo zezi zixhobo zikhona neziza kuthi ga ngoku imibane ngamanye amaxesha aziwele apho: iindlela zokhuseleko langaphandle nangaphakathi "lukhuni" lwangaphakathi "
Kukho kwindawo yethu yeplanethi yethu apho umsebenzi weendudumo akayeki, kwaye kukho, apho iindudumo azikho kangangexesha elithile. Kodwa iinkcukacha-manani zithetha ukuba esikalini seplanethi, indudumo ikhutshiwe ibeka yonke into emi emhlabeni, enobubanzi obungaphezulu kwekhulu shots ngomzuzwana! Kwaye iindudumo ngokwayo ziya kuphakamisa malunga ne-2000 ngaxeshanye. Enye yeziphumo ezinokuba yimililo (kwilizwe lethu kuphela kwi-7% yemililo kwizakhiwo zokuhlala ezivela
Cela abahlobo bakho abasakhayo kwindlu yelizwe, nokuba bayayikhusela kumbane. Iipesenti ezingama-90 zabaphenduli ziya kuphendula "hayi". Isizathu kukungazi kwiziphumo ezinokubakho ze-frivolry okanye i-atos "eqhelekileyo yaseRussia." Okwangoku, imibane ingeyomfuneko eyoyikekayo, enye ye-2000 yeentlantsi zangena ngokungalindelekanga kwikhaya lakho le yesibini!
Kukho izinto eziphambili zemibane (ngenxa yokubetha ngokuthe ngqo) - lo ngumlilo, intshabalalo, kunye ne-themority, inyanzelekile, imbonakalo yenethiwekhi yangaphakathi ye-elektrostagnetic kunye ne-elektromagnetic. Ukungeniswa kwe-elektrostatic (intlawulo yesibonakaliso esichaseneyo kwizinto, ukwahlukanisa emhlabeni) kuyingozi ukukhululwa kwizinto ezikufutshane. I-Electromagnetic i-Electromagnetic ivela ngamaqhezu omzuzwana, ohlala 'ukuqhutywa kombane, kwaye unobangela wamandla ombane wezinto ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi. Ngaphakathi, apho i-contours isondele ngokwaneleyo komnye nomnye, ukukhutshwa kombane kunokwenzeka. Zombini iindidi zokuqhelaniswa zithambekele zityhutyha, ukuvela kwemililo. Ukuchaneka kwento enokubakho yenzeka ngexesha lempembelelo ethe ngqo kombane kwi-inyibilikisi yensimbi (imitya, ukubonelela ngamanzi, umbhobho wegesi, njl njl). I-Vitoga -Ukukhwela kunye nokuqukumbela izixhobo ze-elektroniki ze-elektroniki.
Ukuya ekuqinisekiseni umbane (malunga ne-200 eminyaka eyadlulayo), i-Bell ethengisayo yayithathwa njengeyona ndlela yokulawula imibane ngexesha lendudumo. Iziphumo zomzabalazo onjalo zitshabalalisiwe i-Bell tower yentsimbi kunye neRhodes Rhodesies (400 kunye ne-120 umngcipheko weminyaka engama-33 kuphela kwaye kuphela kwiJamani enye kuphela). Iinkcukacha-manani zanamhlanje zokusweleka kwabantu abasuka kwi-Shornegergegergers ezingekho mbane aziphazamisi-abantu abangaphezu kwe-100 basweleka minyaka le eUnited States kuphela eUnited States kuphela.
Indoda eyahlula indlela yokungathathi cala igalelo lombane ngoncedo lwendudumo (ngokuchanekileyo) yayingummi waseUnited States, igama lakhe lalinguBenjamin Franklin. Iminyaka nje esixhenxe kuphela eyanikelayo iFranklin ukuya kufundwa kombane. Esona siphumo siphambili sale hobby kwaye saba ngumsebenzi wombane. Eminye iminyaka yoMsebenzi wabo wobudala obuninzi, uFranklin ukwazile ukwenza i-Gulf yeKhadi le-Gulf, wafumana isitovu esineendleko, esongeneyo eMelika nakwizibane ezihamba ezitratweni, kwaye wasebenza njengomongameli wase-United States (umzobo wakhe we-portrait yakhe ye-Poitnote $ 100). Umzamo omninzi kunye nexesha, uFranklin uchithe kumlo onzulu kunye nokucingela kuyo yonke imivimbo ye "Ukuphunyezwa" kububanzi bemigodi yayo.
Umbane ngumkhawulo omkhulu onesifo sokuhamba. Ngu-25-30% kuphela yombane uye kwilifu ukuya emhlabeni. Rhoqo sibona ukukhutshwa kombane, okufika kwindawo ethile ecaleni, kwaye indawo yemvelaphi yayo inokuba ziikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukusuka kwindawo yokubetha. Imibane ngamanye amaxesha ifana neengcambu ze-bizarre yesityalo esikhulu. Oku kuyenzeka kuba xa indudumo yenkungu ikhutshiwe, inkokeli ebizwa ngokuba yinkokeli, ehamba ngokuxhuma, i-Ioorsing umoya kunye nokubeka indlela eya kudidi oluphambili. Ngokwenkokeli ebekwe kwi-PICE ngohlobo lwetyhubhu yomoya u-Ion, ukuhamba kweendleko zombane zamafu emhlabeni kuqala. Ngokwemvelo, inkokeli izama "ukongeza" ezona ndawo "zinokwanela" kubunzima bomoya, ngenxa yoko "ityholo" lemibane emininzi. Ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya kudibana nenkokeli evela kumanqaku aphezulu kuyangqubana nenkokeli, ephethe izityholo zomqondiso ochaseneyo. Ngexesha lezinto zabo ezivaliweyo nomhlaba, i-tennel yomoya ye-ionid kunye nokukhutshwa kwenzeka, umbane ngokwawo ubonakala. Kwaye, njengommiselo, ukuphoswa kwezithathu ngokulandelelana, oko kwamehlo abonayo njengayo.
UNorma
Namhlanje, akukho mntu uza khumbula ukulwa neendudumo (ngoku njengoko kwakunjalo, umzekelo, eFrance ngo-1780-1784. Ke, kumacala ahlukeneyo eearricriers, iRobspierre kunye neMarati yayinjalo. Ngapha koko, namhlanje ukufakelwa kwenkqubo yokukhusela ukukhanya yinkqubo enyanzelekileyo yokwakhiwa, ngokweengongoma eziphambili ezilawulwa yiPUE (imithetho yokufakelwa kombane) kunye nezikhululo ze-GTA. Uxwebhu olusebenzayo apho yonke imigangatho ebaliweyo kunye neenqobo zokuziphatha kwisixhobo sokukhusela imibane zipeyintikile ngumyalelo wokukhuselwa kwezakhiwo kunye nolwakhiwo (rd 34.1.187). Lo myalelo awuguqukanga ukusukela ngo-1987 kwaye usahleli kuphela uxwebhu olubonisa uyilo lomthwalo wombane.Ubomi ngokwendalo ngokwendalo bunegalelo kuhlengahlengiso lwemigaqo. Kule xesha elidlulileyo, imigangatho yamazwe aphesheya (i-IEC) itshintshile, ethi, enye indlela okanye enye, imigangatho yaseRussia kufuneka ijolise (ikakhulu, iMigaqo yeSixhobo seSixhobo seSixhobo soMbane). Kwaye batshintsha, nangona benempazamo (malunga nayo ngezantsi). Uxwebhu lwe-AVOT "UXWENZA OKUFUNDILEYO Umyalelo womsebenzi, uhlala ungaguqukanga!
Kwanakwindlela yeli nqaku, kuya kuphinda baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde kwezeemfuno ezisisiseko zomyalelo kwisixhobo seNkqubo yokukhusela imibane, chaza amaxabiso obuthi "ubukhulu, ubunzulu bezinto zayo. Kodwa sifuna ukuqaphela: kwisixhobo sokukhusela ukukhanya kwendlu yanamhlanje, igcwaliswe ngombane, akusafuneki ukuba senziwe lula, dilastic. Ewe, ngelixa imiyalelo ivumela izixhobo ezizimeleyo kumnini wokuhlala wayo ngokukhusela ukukhanya, ngaphezulu, kwezinye iindawo, inkqubo ayikadingeki. "Ukuvela kwe" kunyanzeliso kuvela (ngokwemigangatho ye-Pue), kungekuphela nje ukuba le ndawo igadi yeendudumo kunye nangaphezulu. Ukwazi inani leendudumo, ubukhulu besakhiwo, ingcali kumandla ukubala okunokwenzeka kwinani lombane. Ukuziqhelanisa, kukho iindawo ezine-geological okanye ezinye ii-anomalies, apho umbane utsaliwe njengemagnethi, kwaye i-frequency yombane enokubalwa apha. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, umbane ayisiyo iprojektha ye-artillery, kuyakwazi ukuphinda uwele kwindawo enye.
Iindudumo ezingama-2000, i-veki nganye inomphezulu weplanethi yethu, ayisiyotshabalalisi kuphela. Kuyavela ukuba isiqingatha se-niite esiyimfuneko kwi-Flora yoMhlaba siveliswe ngokuchanekileyo ngee-zippers. Kwaye umaleko we-ozone, ukhusela zonke izilwanyana zasemhlabeni nezilwanyana (kwaye thina njengabameli besilwanyana) kwi-ultraviolet ye-ultraviolet, ikwayimveliso yokuhombisa. Ukuba i-zipper iluncedo kakhulu kumgangatho weplanethi kwaye, enyanisweni, yimeko eyimfuneko yobukho bobomi kwiplanethi, isiseko sesibini B. Franklin (iBaloklin), ngaphandle kokukhuphela imibane, " Ukukhupha "indudumo yendudumo, ijika ingabi yingozi kwaye iyingozi. Uluntu kwaye ke uya kuhlala unombulelo kwiFranklin ukuze uyilonge indudumo.
Ukhuseleko lwangaphandle lwangaphandle
Sisiphi isiphumo sombane, zeziphi iintlobo zezi zixhobo ezikhoyo kwaye kutheni ifunyanwe ngamanye amaxesha kwisiphumo sombane?
Umthengi wombane-Esi sisixhobo esiziimpawu ezintathu eziphambili: Umbane, owenzayo ukukhululwa kombane; Okwangoku, uthumela ukukhululwa okuthathelweyo emhlabeni, kunye nomnyango, onika intlawulo yomhlaba. Umyalezo wombane unokuba nohlobo lwepinki yensimbi (i-rod) yolule ecaleni kophahla lwentambo yentsimbi okanye i-mesh yentsimbi evela kwi-Fittings nge-6-12 ukhuseleko lokukhusela (konke oku kuhambelana ne-Cone, ukuphakama kwayo kugqitywa kukuphakama kweparametey yombane, kwaye ububanzi belisiseko bulingana nentsingiselo kathathu yokuphakama kwento ekhethiweyo. Ngeenkqubo ezinjalo, ukuphakama okuphakamileyo, ukumiswa kufutshane nemithi okanye imaski. Kodwa iimaski azikho ngenxa yomntu wonke emthonjeni, kwaye aziyifumani imbonakalo yomhlaba. Ke ngoko, intambo kunye nezixhobo zombane ze-mesh zihlala zisetyenziswa, kwaye isikimu esenziwe lula sombane esivunyelweyo sivunyelwe kwizakhiwo ezinophahla olungelulo.
Ngokulahla isidumbu, iipulses zexesha elincinci lamandla amakhulu zinokubakho kwimigca. Ukuqina kwabo ukusuka kwi-1 microsecond ukuya kuma-700 microsecoccond kunye nangaphezulu. Ubukhulu boxinzelelo lwezi khwela ukusuka kumakhulu ee-volts ukuya kumashumi e-kilovolt. Kwiilali ze-cottage enemigca emide yamandla kwiimitha ezininzi, ii-voltage i-v nge-3000 v ukuya kwi-3000 A. I-Viness ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6000 v ukuya kwi-500 ASIC (kodwa hayi kuphela i-channel yamandla anyukayo kwisekethe yamandla lijelo elingenakuphepha i-zipper uqobo.
Kanye kwi-chain yoNcedo lokuNikeza (i-wiring yombane engama-220, i-v, i-telenonication yoncedo, ezenzekelayo, njl. Njl.), Ipulse ihamba kwizinto nakwizixhobo zangaphakathi.
Izixhobo zokukhusela ezilula kule meko zi-grazers (igesi kunye nekota). Bayakwazi ukunciphisa umda we-10 ukuya kwengama-30 kv ukuya kwi-20-30 v., kodwa banesantya esibandezelekileyo. Iiarhente zensimbi ziyasebenza ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ukubaluleka kwe-voltage yentsalela kunokuba phezulu kakhulu kunokuba kuvumelekile. I-TVS Deds zezona zinto zikhawulezayo zokhuseleko, kodwa zinemida yazo yokwenza isicelo: I-gur engaphezulu kwe-200 A. inokuhamba iye kuzo.
Iimeko zokusetyenziswa kweendlela ezenziwe lula zokukhusela ukuphikisana ngqo
Ukuba kukho i-3-10 m ukusuka kwisakhiwo somgama kumgama, amaxesha ama-2 kwaye sithathele ingqalelo yonke into ephantsi kophahla (i-entennas, njl njl), eyona ndawo ikufuphi nayo Umthi upakishwe, isiphelo esiphezulu senxalenye yesithsaba seWoods ubuncinci 0.2 m. Amagama asebusweni be-teeve cokovet yodlelo.Ukuba iindawo zophahla zihambelana nolwakhiwo oluphezulu, umdlalo wombane wentambo unqunyanyisiwe, inqamleze i-skate ubuncinci i-0.25 m. Izixhobo zokukhanya zixhasa iindonga zesakhiwo. I-clamps ibekwe kumacala omabini kwiindonga zokuphela kwesakhiwo kwaye inamathisele enkangala. Ngobude besakhiwo, ngaphantsi kwe-10 m, okwangoku kwaye i-fanneng yenziwa kwelinye icala.
Phambi kophahla lwe-chimney rivelter kuzo zonke izinto, umbane we-rod ufakelwe kuyo ngokuphakama okungenani ubuncinci i-0.2 M, ibeke ingcambu yesakhiwo sangoku, siyincamathisela kwi-ardaty.
Phambi kophahla lwentsimbi, luncamathisele umatshini womatshini womhlaba ubuncinci kwindawo enye, izitepsi zentsimbi zangaphandle, izilwanyana zamanzi, njl. Zisetyenzisiwe. I-crimpp ijoyine zonke izinto zensimbi, ezinjengabashenxisi.
Kuzo zonke iimeko, iiparameti zemibane kwaye zikhutshelwe ububanzi be-6mm ye-6mm isetyenziswa, kunye ne-electrode enye okanye i-electrode okanye i-Electrode enye okanye ethe tye ye-M, ibeka ubunzulu obuyi-0.5 m. Lungisa i-lelded kunye nonxibelelwano lwe-bolt uqhagamshelo lwezibane.
Umda wokukhuselwa komqhubi wombane sisithuba ngaphakathi kweso sakhiwo okanye ukwakhiwa kukhuselwe kumboleki ngqo ngqo wokuthenjwa okuthile. Ukuthembeka okuncinci kunomphezulu wendawo yokhuseleko; Kwinzululwazi ephezulu. Indawo yokhuseleko lohlobo "(kwi-cone emxinwa) ithembele kwi-99,5%, kwaye uhlobo" lwe-B "(kwi-Cone ngokubanzi) ukusuka kwi-95% nangaphezulu.
Rhoqo unokuva uluvo lokuba uphahla lwensimbi (umzekelo, i-tile yentsimbi) ivumela ukungakhathaleli ukhuseleko. Impazamo eyingozi kakhulu! Ixhasa ukuba is bathengi beethayile zensimbi. Uphahla lwentsimbi lunokwenza njengomyalezo wesibane, kodwa kuwo nawuphi na umdlalo wokufumana umbane ofanele ubekwe phantsi, okuthetha ukuba kukho imijikelezo (kwaye zimbini, kwiikona ezichaseneyo zesakhiwo) kunye nendawo echaseneyo yesakhiwo) kunye nengqolowa yesakhiwo. Nangona kunjalo, olu khuseleko aluyi kuwusela ukhuseleko olunjalo "olubi", kuba ubukhulu beempawu zophahla kufuneka lube ngama-4mm (kwaye ngubani osebenzisa onje?). Amaphepha amancinci ombane omncinci avutha nje. Ukuba kukho izinto eziphuma eluphahleni (umzekelo, imibhobho yentsimbi), ziqhutywa ngeparamesi, ikhutshelwe ngaphezulu komda ophezulu we-0,2 kwaye ngokuthembekileyo iqhotyoshelwe kwisinyithi sophahla. Siphinde sikukhumbuze: izakhiwo ezinophahla lwentsimbi kufuneka zixhotywe ngenkqubo yokhuselo lombane.
Ngokuphahleni ophahleni kwi-tile yentsimbi, kuxhomekeke kakhulu apha kwindlela yokuncamathisela kwayo kwiirafter. Ukuba amaphepha adityanisiweyo anonxibelelwano ngombane phakathi kwabo, uphahla olufana nomgaqo lunokusebenza njengomyalezo wombane (ukuba awukuthathi ntweni ubungqingqwa bayo, engaphantsi kwe-4mm). Ithembekile kakhulu ukuxhobisa uphahla olunjalo kunye nentonga eqhelekileyo okanye umbane wentambo kwaye uyibhuqa njengophahla lwentsimbi oluqhelekileyo.
Ukongeza kwimiyalezo "yoomatshini", kukho "umzimba". Ithuba lokudala intsika yentsika yomoya u-Ionis kudala iphakamise ukusetyenziswa kwenkokeli yombane ozayo njengohlobo lomyalezo wombane. Izixhobo ze-ions zokuqala zazisekwe ekusetyenzisweni kwe-isotope ye-radiope. Xa ubonelela nge-voltage kwisixhobo esinjalo, kwavela intsika yomoya ongu-Ion, apho inkokheli kwi-charnuons yelifu yavalwa. Emva koko, ezi zixhobo zatshintshwa zaba ziiparamitha ezikhuselekileyo ezingasekho i-isotopes ye-radiopes, kodwa ngombane (protel, eFrance). Izixhobo zazisebenza kakuhle, kukho amava okusebenza kwazo eMoscow. Inzuzo yokuzinceda kwemidlalo enjalo yemibane ibandakanya ithuba elihle lokugcina ukubonakala kwesakhiwo, ukungayiphelisi ngezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukungancedi kuphela kwexabiso eliphezulu kuphela (ukusuka kwi-1000).
Uninzi lwethu lubonwa kanjani ukuba imibane ikhutshiwe kufutshane nezinto eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo, zingasoloko ziwela kuzo. Kodwa bambalwa banikela ingqalelo kwinyaniso yokuba kufutshane nezinye izinto eziphezulu zombane ziqwalaselwe rhoqo ngaphezulu kwenye indawo. Le pateni icacisiwe yinto yokuba "inkokeli ye-command" enezinto eziphakamileyo, njengoko kufuneka zitsale iinkokeli ezivela kwilifu hayi kuphela kwi-verteta ye-vertem yayo, kodwa nakwinxalenye ye-Perpheral yamafu. Ezi nkokeli ezicinyiweyo ngamanye amaxesha "azikwazi" ukuvimba inkokeli ezayo evela kwinto ephezulu kwaye ekugqibeleni zivalwe emhlabeni, kodwa sele zikwiinkokeli eziphakamileyo kwezinye, izinto eziphezulu.
Kuyavela ukuba nayiphi na imasts (umzekelo, indlela yokunxibelelana ngeselula) inomdla ngakumbi kwinani lemibane kumda wendawo yayo. Le nyaniso iyenza icinge ngokukhuseleka kwendawo yokuhlala ecaleni kwendawo enjalo. Kwaye yintoni efunekayo ukuze ucinge, ukuba "ummelwane" ofanayo, ke oku kukukhusela ukukhanya kwekhaya lakho.
Lixesha lokuba sibonise iimpazamo zePue yasekhaya. EYurophu ngaphambili, saqalisa ukwakha "Umbutho woSetyenziso" kwaye ngaphambi kokuba ixhalabele ingxaki yokukhusela iipropathi ukusuka kwizikolo ezichaphazela imibane. Nokuba uhlelo lwePue ngokungqinelana nemilinganiselo ye-IEC itshintshe inkqubo yokupheliswa kweyona ntshukumo yombane kunye nofaniso lombane kwiNdlu (ngaphambili komboniso wombane). Namhlanje, kuyamiselwa ukungathobeli imvume yokukhanya kunye nenethiwekhi, kodwa kugcinwa kwaye nokuzibandakanya nokuziqhelanisa nomqhubi wombane. Kwi "punu yethu" yethu ekuthathweni kwesithuthi sombane ngandlel 'ithile lilibale. Ngamanye amagama, ukuba izinto ezichaphazela ezi zinto zichaphazela imibane, ezenziwe ngokungqinelana nemiyalelo, zikhusela, emva koko isuka kwisibini ingangasi.
Ukubetha ngokuthe tye kwe-zipper kukudibana kwangoko kwe-zipper eqhuba isitishi sesakhiwo okanye isakhiwo, sihamba kunye nesicatshulwa ngayo kwi-zipper yangoku.
Ukubonakaliswa kwesibini kombane kukhokelo lwezinto ezinokubakho kuyilo, izixhobo, kwiimbovane zentsimbi ezingafundwanga zibangelwa kukudalwa kwentsimbi kunye nokwenza umngcipheko wokupakisha ngaphakathi kwento ekhuselweyo ngaphakathi kwento ekhuselweyo.
Apha kunyanzelekile ukuba ujike unobangela wokuvela kwemeko enjalo. Zonke izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo zikhuselekile ukusuka kumbane ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Lo mahluko kuxhomekeke kwindawo oya kuyo. Izinto zahlulwe ngokwembono yokujonga ukhuseleko lwezibane ngokwamanqanaba amathathu. Iindidi ezimbini zokuqala zinesidanga esiphezulu sokhuseleko (kubandakanya ukusuka kwizikolo ezichaphazela imibane). Ezi zinto zizinto ekugcinwa kuzo iziqhushumbisi okanye zigqityiwe (kwifom evulekileyo okanye evaliweyo). Yonke enye into (kunye namakhaya ethu) ibhekisele kudidi lwesithathu. Kwaye kwimigangatho ezikhoyo ngoku, kuba izakhiwo, exhobele kudidi lwesithathu, ukhuselo ngokuchasene ekubonakalisweni zasesekondari njengombane unganikezelwanga (oko malunga yoqheliso magnetic kunye electrostatic).
Umhlaba
Ngayiphi na imeko, ngokuthi "wangaphandle" kunye "yangaphakathi" ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi, indima yomhlaba ibaluleke kakhulu. Kwaye kufanelekile ukuba uthethe ngayo. Masibuyele kwimiyalelo yethu. Icebisa ngamandla ukuba ukuqaqamba kombane kwizinto ezilungele isiseko seNdlu okanye, ukuba akunakwenzeka, ukudubula i-elektrods emhlabeni (ngendlela, akusoloko kuyimfuneko kwi-Firetls; apho Ikwayiyo izithintelo apha: Ukuba isiseko sihle i-hyddroction i-cuntrations kwi-epoxy isiseko okanye ukuba ubume bomhlaba bungaphantsi kwe-3%). I-electros kufuneka yaphulwe ukuze ifikelele kumhlaba omanzi. Kodwa hayi kuyo yonke indawo kwaye oku kunokwenzeka, ngakumbi kwimihlaba yelitye. Ukuxhathisa komhlaba ngokwawo okwahlukileyo: Imihlaba yelitye inentsingiselo yokunganyangeki ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3000 OHMS, kwaye umhlaba oxubekileyo yi-150-200 OHMS. Ke ngoko, ayizizo zonke izinto ezilula kakhulu ezilula. Makwenziwe kwisiseko semilinganiselo yokunganyangeki komhlaba, apho kukho indlu, kunye nokubala okuhambelana noko nokufumanisa icandelo le-elektroniki, amanqwanzo ephila emhlabeni. Ngenani elikhulu lomhlaba, kulungile kakhulu ukudibanisa imibhobho yamanzi, imibhobho ye-chies ye-quels yobugcisa okanye i-goble yentambo.
Ngokuphathelele imihlaba ngokulwa kwabo kakhulu, baphantse baphantse babenako emhlabeni. Kule meko, iingcali zinika ingqalelo engaphezulu yokuhlawula inkqubo yokulingana. I-vituoga ikhuselekile kakhulu kuyo yonke inethiwekhi yokufumana amandla aphezulu, kodwa ngaphandle kwe-roops (ifakiwe), engasayi kubangela ukona kunye nezinye iingxaki.
Ukuxhathiswa kubalulekile xa kusenziwa isigqibo sokuvumelana kwaye sikhuselekile imigama phakathi komqhubi wombane kunye nento ekhuselweyo. Sithetha ngevolunti ebizwa ngokuba yiSoftware, ethi ngokusondeleyo kunye ne-elecling Electrodes inokubaluleka kakhulu kwaye isoyike ubomi. Ngexesha lendudumo, akucetyiswa ukuba usondele ngakumbi kunemitha ezintlanu ukusuka kumqhubi wombane ukuze angaweli phantsi kwenqanaba le-voltage kunye nokuxinana.
Ukuziqhelanisa kwexesha elide kwesixhobo sokukhusela ukukhanya senze iimfuno ezikrwadayo kwinani lezinto zokukhusela ukukhanya. Umzekelo, icandelo lomnqamlezo lokuphatha komhlaba akufuneki lingabi ngaphantsi kwe-50mm2, kunye nobungqingqwa bemigca, iindonga zombhobho okanye iprofayile kufuneka ibe yi-4mm. Ukukhuselwa kwezalisekiso kunikezelwa kukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ye-galvanity okanye ubhedu. Ukupeyinta okanye ukugubungela i-elektroniki akuvunyelwanga yi-bitumen. Iimfuneko zobukhulu be-electros ze-electrodes zinengqiqo-ehlobo, umaleko ophezulu womhlaba uhlala usoma, owonyusa ukuchasana nenkcaso.
Ukubalwa kokuchaswa komhlaba kubalulekile okungenani kuba i-"S "voltage (isekethe emfutshane) iqala kwixabiso le-300-500 kv / m. Amandla okuqukuqela kwangoku kunxweme, awona makhulu afike kuma-2000 anokufikelela kuma-200,000 axhathise ukuphakanyiswa komkhanyisi wombane akufuneki adlule kwi-10 ohms. I-vitoga ivoltage evela kumqhubi wombane unokufezekisa ixabiso elikhulu ngakumbi kune-voltage yoqhawulo mtshato. Kwangelo xesha, kwimeko engaphambili somhlaba (le, apho ikhoyo ngoku, ngokungathi kunjalo, ayinalo ixesha lokuya emhlabeni) okanye ngokuhamba ngengozi yeyona ikhuselweyo into, kuya kubakho ukophula umthetho kuya kuba "kuzama" kwi-COCNONYSE kuNxibelelwano lwangaphakathi lweNdlu (ngemibhobho, njl. Njl.).
Lo mzekelo unceda ekuqondeni ukuba yonke into, ewe, inokwenziwa ixesha elide kakhulu amaxabiso ebalwa ubungqingqwa beentonga, ikhuselo, njl njl. .
Masithi, kwi-NPF "ubunjineli bombane: isayensi kwaye siziqhelanise" ilabhoratri ye-shambo yombane ye-MeI, ukubala kwenziwa kwiNkqubo eSebenzayo yeKhompyuter, ethathela ingqalelo zonke izinto eziyimfuneko - kwi Ubunzulu bomsebenzi wendudumo kwingingqi enikiweyo kunye nobungakanani bento yokhuselo kwimilinganiselo yokunganyangeki komhlaba kunye nobungakanani bezinto ezenziwayo.
Ukusuka ekuxeleni, unokutsala esi sigqibo silandelayo: Isixhobo sokukhusela ukukhanya kufuneka siqale ngemilinganiselo kunye nokubala.
Ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi lwangaphakathi
Ngokwemilinganiselo yoshicilelo lokugqibela lwePUE, kwizixhobo apho imigca yamandla ifanelekile, kuyanyanzeliswa ukuba ifakwe kumgca wokuqala wokukhusela, kunye nemida ye-voltage yesibini. Oku kubalulekile kwiziko lokhuseleko lwe-elektroniki eziqinisekisiweyo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Ngaphambili, baxhomekeke kuphela kunxibelelwano lwe-hooks ye-insulators, apho iingcingo zemigca yomoya zilungile, nge-cocoquer.Ukuba ikhaya lakho lizaliswe ngama-elektroniki, ebizwa ngokuba "ngamadlelo angaphakathi" kufuneka ahlawulwe kuqwalaselo olukhethekileyo. Kumnini mzi wesiqhelo, le ndawo yobunjineli bombane inzima kakhulu, ukuya kuzimela ngokuzimeleyo iimpawu zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo (kwaye ezi ziimeko ezichanekileyo zoxinzelelo kunye neeresiphi) zinzima. Kuyasazeka ukuthi imida yoxinzelelo kwizenzo zabo zahlulwe zangamaqela amane, nganye inoxanduva lokukhusela (A, B, C). Kwaye oku kuthuselwa kuqalile kwinkxaso yomgca wamandla kwaye kuphele kwikhaka lokuhambisa ikhaya lakho. Le meko ikhuliswe kukuba inkqubo yomgaqo kule ndawo ineziphoso zayo, okanye iqulethe iimfuno zakudala, okanye ziqwalasele iimfuno zanamhlanje. Ixabiso leentsilelo zoxinzelelo lixhomekeke kuhlobo, imodeli kunye neefemu zomenzi kwaye iqala nge- $ 1.5.
Ukuqukumbela
Ixabiso lenkqubo yokukhusela ukukhanya kwixabiso leNdlu kwaye ipropathi ayisebenzi. Ngapha koko, ayibalulekanga ukuba yenziwa kwinqanaba leprojekthi ekhaya kwaye yenziwe kwinqanaba lokwakha. Ewe, kwaye i-7% yezindlu ezitshiswayo itshiswe kukuvuthuza nengxoxo. Cinga nge? Umsebenzi wokukhusela ukukhanya kungcono ukuqala kwinqanaba lokudala iprojekthi. Kule meko, ingcali yoyilo kunye nengcali yombane iya kuba nakho ukukhupha iprojekthi esele ilungelelanisiwe, apho, njengoko besitsho khona, "konke okwenziwa ngumbane Ifakwe ngaphakathi kuyo, kwaye onke amaxabiso ebalwa, ukuphakama kunye neendawo zezinto zokukhusela imibane zilungisiwe kwiingcali. Ukuba ngenxa yeso nasiphi na isizathu soko yonke into isenziwayo, musa ukulinda indudumo yokuqala kaMeyi, ikhaya lakho liyabiza!
Ungayisombulula njani le ngxaki kwiSoftwaya yaseNtshona
Njengoko iingcali zikholelwa, zintathu amanqaku amathathu esisiseko kwisixhobo sentshona seNtshona sentshona.
Inethiwekhi yonke yabanyuliweyo bangaphakathi kunye nokukhusela ukukhanya kubekwe kwiprojekthi yeNdlu. Oko kukuthi, inkqubo yokukhusela ukukhanya yenye yamacandelo ale yenethiwekhi, hayi imfundo yemfundo.
Iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokukhuselwa kulwahlulelo lweSekori osetyenzisiweyo.
Umgangatho ophezulu, okuqinisekisiweyo ukuvela okuthembekileyo kombane. Ngapha koko, kukuzila (ekuphunyezweni kwayo ngokufanelekileyo) "isusa" inxalenye enkulu yefuthe elibi lezinto yesibini.
Kwizindlu zeMonolithic, onke amacandelo omthombo wangaphakathi ukusebenzisa izinto ezinqabileyo zezonke iindonga zangaphandle, kwaye kuyo - kwi-Intanethi efanelekileyo. I-Armati yako iyahambelana. Ngenxa yoko, i-cage enkulu ifunyenwe. Inqaku eliphambili apha kunxibelelwano lolusu lweShowutsi kwi "Iseli" ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, kuwo onke amanqanaba okupenda. Nokuba indlu ayikho ikhonkrithi (oko kukuthi, ayinayo i-fittings yangaphakathi), kunye nesitena okanye uqhagamshelo olunjalo kuwo onke amanqanaba aphezulu (i-ordey) kufuneka kubonelelwe. Kule ndlela "ngokuzenzekelayo", onokubakho ukwenzelwa.
Abahleli bebulela intloko yeNkampani yeNkampani yeNkampani neMveliso "yeziBonelelo zoMbane: Inzululwazi kunye nokuziqhelanisa" r. B. Boriov ngoncedo lwezinto.