Imemo yomthengi onzulu

Sebenza ngeprojekthi: Umbutho kunye neeMfanelo zoqoqosho kwiworkshop yoyilo, izindululo zobugcisa kunye neengcebiso zovavanyo lweprojekthi. Imizekelo yobomi.

Sisebenza kwiprojekthi

Ke, ufuna ukwenza igumbi lakho lihle kwaye lukhululekile, kwaye ukuba unethamsanqa njengelungelo lobugcisa boYilo lweHlabathi. Ingxaki yokuqala kule ndlela kukhetho loyilo. UKei uthathe isigqibo sokuthatha okufanayo njengokhetho lwesiqingatha sayo sesibini, kuba kwingaphakathi elenziwe ngemizamo edibeneyo oya kuphila, mhlawumbi iminyaka emininzi. Ukongeza, kuya kufuneka banxibelelane ngokwaneleyo ukuba banxibelelane noMyinge, ubuncinci kwiinyanga ezintandathu ngaphambi konyaka (iprojekthi + yombhali). Ukuchonga iimeko zemisebenzi edibeneyo yeziqhamo kukuthembana kunye nokuhambelana ngokweemvakalelo. Ukuba uyawuthanda umsebenzi woyilo, kodwa ngokungathandani nawe ungamthembi, kungcono ukukhangela omnye. Akukho mntu uyinyibilikisiweyo ngokuchasene neempazamo ekukhetheni, ngenxa yoko sicebisa ukuba enze uhlobo lwemvumelwano lomtshato oya kugcina imali kunye nexesha ukuba usahamba kakubi.

Ukongeza kwimibala emihle yemibala, iprojekthi yoyilo epheleleyo kufuneka ixhotywe ngemizobo efanelekileyo yobugcisa efanelekileyo.

Isicwangciso segumbi lokuhlambela (Ukujonga ngaphezulu):	Jonga igumbi lokuhlala:
	Sinki. Uloliwe onekratshi. I-Wardrobe yeWando. Ikhabhathi yokuhlamba. Indlu yangasese. Ukuhlamba. Ufakelo lotywala eludongeni. Ibhokisi ye-ventilation. Ukufakwa kwe-wibage kwi-podium yekhabhathi yeshawa kunye ne-corob yobuxoki gl.	Ibhokisi ye-GLK I-Podium phantsi kwekhabhathi yeshayini (ikhonkrithi).

Ukuze ungahlwayeli kwimiphefumlo eyenzakeleyo yabadali kumyili wokuthandabuza kwaye uyimfihlo malunga neyabantu enzima yesivumelwano, inkosikazi, umyeni, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama, umama we -Kwangoku, ibhanki), ngubani owakukhukulayo kwimali mboleko yokulungiswa kwaye unyanzelise kwicala elisemthethweni letyala. Ekupheleni kweziphelo, uninzi lwezibini kwihlabathi elichithwe kwikhontrakthi lomtshato kwaye ungaboni mntu okhubekisayo. Kuyimfuneko ukhumbule ukuba neyona meko ingqongqo kwaye i-cunning yekhontrakthi ayiyi kwenziwa ngumsebenzi wokushicilela ukwenza umsebenzi wobugcisa. Ke ngoko, jonga kuqala italente.

Enye yeendlela ezithembekileyo zokukhetha ingcebiso yabantu kufutshane nawe, osele eyilele lo uyilo. Okokuqala, unako kwimozulu ehlaziyiweyo kwaye ungakhange uziqwalasele zonke izinto ezilungileyo nezingafanelekanga zesiphumo somsebenzi we-Arkhitt, esengxakini yokwenza imigangatho ye-10 ukuya kwele-20 yemizuzu. Okwesibini, cela abahlobo okanye abahlobo ngayo yonke imixholo yokusebenza naye.

Ukuba awunalo ithuba elinjalo, emva kokuphumelela kokukhetha ithenda, isiphumo sokuba yeyiphi iprojekthi ye-sketch (i-osproet). Indawo yokujonga, inani elifanelekileyo labathathi-nxaxheba kwithenda. Ngo-"Pieki-zicelo" kunzima ukubonisa into oyithandayo, kwaye nenani labathathi-nxaxheba, ngaphezu kohlalutyo lwesithathu lweeprojekthi luba nzima kakhulu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amava anamava kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, ukuba nesangqa sabathengi, abayimisi babucala okanye iifemu akunakulindeleka ukuba bavume ukuthatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano olukhululekileyo. Ukuphuhliswa kwe-profeproeple ngoku kubiza i-500 yeedola nangaphezulu, ngenxa yoko, ukwenza ithenda yoyilo evela kubathathi-nxaxheba abathathu abafanelekileyo kuya kufuna ubuncinci i-1500 yeedola. Ngenxa yokhuphiswano ekufuneka ufumana iingcinga zoyilo zendlu yakho, kubandakanya:

1. imizobo yokulinganisa;
2. ubume ngokubanzi;
3. Izicwangciso zomgangatho, phalings, ukutshayela iindonga ezibonisa iintlobo zezixhobo zokugqiba;
4. Ukubekwa kwentloko yezixhobo zokwenza indawo, ikhitshi, i-radiators;
5. Izikimu zokungena komoya kunye nemeko yomoya.

Malunga nento ekufuneka ihlawulwe ngendlela yokuvavanya amanqaku amanqaku (iiprojekthi zentengiso zendalo) ziya kuchazwa apha ngezantsi.

Ukuba umthengi akakulungelanga ukuchitha imali ethile kwithenda kwaye ikholelwa kwixesha lakhe lokungathandabuzekiyo, emva koko ngokundwendwela iworkshop ezingama-5-7 kunye nokufunda iziphumo zomsebenzi wabo (kodwa nakwizinto zokwenyani), Uya kuba nakho ukusombulula umbuzo wokukhetha. Ukusuka ekuthini, musa ukumka kwabo bafuna ukulungiselela ukhuphiswano, ngenxa nje yohlalutyo luya kuba kukhetho lwabafakizicelo abaninzi.

Unokukhuphela ngaphandle i-detour ngokupapasha isibhengezo sethenda kwelinye yejenali yokwakha izinto ezikhoyo. Emva koko ziya kukufumana ngokwakho, ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni isibhengezo asincinci (ukuqala iphepha le-1/8) kwaye liya kuboniswa ukuba umququzeleli woKhuphiswano ngumthengi wabucala. Uninzi lwabantu abayi-ndawo luyingozi ngamava obukrakra kwiithenda zeenkampani ezinkulu nakwiithenda zikarhulumente, ezinomthetho, ophumeleleyo, ophumeleleyo, ophumeleleyo, ophumeleleyo, abaphumeleleyo badume kwangaphambili. Iindleko zentengiso yentengiso yefomathi efunekayo kwimagazini "ezibukhali" zithelekiswa neendleko zolu khuphiswano. Kodwa ukonga kule nto akunakulindeleka ukuba kucetyiswe, kuba iintengiso ezincinci okanye iintengiso ezikwintengiso yentengiso ziya kudlula ezingakhange zichazwe. Ke ngoko, ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ubhengezwe ngokupheleleyo, kungcono ukufundisisa oovimba abapapashwe kwiimagazini ezifanayo kwaye batyelele iworkshop yoyilo ngokwayo.

Xa ukhetha abathathi-nxaxheba beethenda, ingqalelo kufuneka bahlawulwe kwinani leemeko zentlangano kunye nezobuchwephesha.

IIMFUNO ZABASHISHINI NOQOQOSHO LOKUSETYENZISWA KOMSEBENZI

1. Uyilisile into yakho ukuba ichanekile i-afrindley imisebenzi yakho ethanda ukuyijonga. Ihlala yenzeka rhoqo ukuba lo mzi-uyilo sele uyekile okanye uxakeke kwenye iprojekthi, kwaye ulawulo lwenkampani lubonelela omnye umsebenzi ongakhange uyibone.

2. Fumanisa ukwenziwa kweprojekthi yokugqibela kunye nexabiso layo kwinkampani nganye ukuze uthelekise phakathi ngokwabo. Kubalulekile ukuba inxenye yeNjineli ingena apho, okanye le yiprojekthi yoyilo; ngawaphi amacandelo akhoyo kwilungu lobunjineli; Ngaba inkampani isebenza ngolungelelwaniso lokuphucula ngokutsha. Sospace 2002. Le meko ilandelayo yexabiso iphuhlise kwimakethi yeprojekthi yokwakhiwa ngokutsha kwamagumbi (ngaphakathi kwi-Learnels + yempahla yombane, i-Plubing "i-Witrilation, iMverilation, iMvelo kunye nemeko yomoya):

   • Izixhobo zabucala (izithuthi ezingenamaphepha-mvume, kuba ziyabiza kubo) - $ 20-30 nge-1m2;
   • I-Firms yoyilo (iilayisensi zomsebenzi woyilo) - $ 40-100 nge-1m2;
   • "I-Archirts" eyaziwayo "(ihlala ngaphandle kwamaphepha-mvume, kuba ayizithathi imfuneko ukuba ivule, irekhodi elinomtsalane) - ukusuka kwi-100 yeedola nge-100m2.

   Kwisivumelwano kunye noYilo, kubalulekile ukubandakanya igatya leSuper. Ubuncinci zimbini izizathu zokuba kutheni iliso leliso lombhali liyimfuneko. Ukwanda kokuqala koyilo lweliso lombhali ongakhange kuchazwe umthengi uya kulungisa kule projekthi iimpazamo zivumelekile. Umyili wesibini uya kuyichasa iprojekthi kubakhi, kwaye ukuzama ukwenza lula kuya kwenziwa ngenjongo yokuqhuba ikamva labo. Ixabiso lezinto zokubeka iliso lombhali liqala nge- $ 150 ngenyanga xa undwendwela indawo yoyilo lwento 1 How ngeveki.

   Ukuba inkampani yenza kuphela indawo yoyilo, kufuneka inyangwe engqondweni yokuba "iziqwenga" zomntu ngamnye zeprojekthi nge-100m2 ziya kubiza:

   • Umbane- $ 300-700;
   • Inethiwekhi ephantsi ephantsi- $ 100-200;
   • Imibhobho (ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi + i-sebage) - $ 100-300;
   • Ukufudumeza kwe-loggiaias, i-balconies- $ 100-300;
   • I-ventilation kunye nemeko yomoya- $ 200-400.

   Ukuvunywa kwi-MVK (IKhomishini yeNdlela yeNdawo yeSithili sakho) yoKhuseleko lweSithili (umzekelo, ukuvulwa kwindonga ye-80 ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu (ngaphezulu I-Sheaper Barkers). Imvume yexesha elide ixhunyiwe ngento yokuba iintlanganiso ze-MVK idlula amaxesha ama-1 ngenyanga, ke iyimfuneko ukuqala kwangoko. Isabelo sengonyama ngeendleko zokuvunywa yindleko yeprojekthi yokuphucula iprojekthi. Inyani yile yokuba kuphela ababhali beprojekthi ngokubanzi banayo ilungelo lokungenelela kwizakhiwo ezixhasayo, okanye amaziko e-1-2 eMoscow (ukuba indlu indala kwaye ifumene umbhali Iprojekthi yakhe ayinakwenzeka). Oko kukuthi, kukho i-monopolly ngayo yonke imiphumo yemiphumo yemali. Ngokwayo, iprojekthi yokuqinisa yinto engekho mgangathweni. Kodwa ukuba uzama 'ukonwabela' kuye ngokusemthethweni, emva koko uya kuvalwa ukuze uvalwe ngokutsha phantsi kwentembeko yengqibelelo yesakhiwo.

   Ngokubanzi, ingxaki yokuphazamiseka kwizakhiwo ezixhasayo zeNdlu zineemvume ezi-3. Okokuqala, kunye nomyili, fumana ukhetho, fumana ukhetho oluncinci lokudlulisela iminqweno yakho, kodwa ikuvumela ukuba ulahle izinto ezixhasayo ("i-shoripy"). Okwesibini, qhakamshelana nenkampani ekhethekileyo yesi sixa esingentla ("ibiza kakhulu, ewe mhle"). Okwesithathu ngunjineli ofanelekileyo oya kungqina iingcali zeZiko ukuba ukuphakanyiswa kungasongelanga isakhiwo (sabafuna abantu abafuna i-adventure). Sinokuqikelela kuphela ixabiso malunga nexabiso lomcimbi kunye nexesha lokuphunyezwa kwalo. Nangona kukho imeko enye kwimemori yethu xa inkampani ekhethekileyo ayinakukwazi ukulungelelanisa ukuba abaqulunqileyo, kuba abaqulunqi beziziko babengafuni kuthatha uxanduva kwaye basebenzise ubomi babo ngokubala. Into kwicandelo lokujonga umthengi wawa yedwa kwi-comer yakhe ngokunxulumene nohlengahlengiso lwesayensi, oluye lwaqwalaselwa ngempumelelo, ekhutshiwe kwiZiko leMithombo yeMonopolist. Ixabisa ukuba kumthengi amaxesha ama-3 aphantsi kunexhoba eliqinileyo liceliwe. Kodwa imeko yale nto ingabandakanywanga kulawulo ngokubanzi kwaye ngoku akunakuba kunokwenzeka, kuba abo baviwa bafuneke bafune kwaye bahlolisise. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unemfundo yobunjineli ...

   Ihlala ilungele uku-odola inxenye yoyilo yeprojekthi kwindawo enye. Ukuba i-offerct's oyithandayo okanye inkampani yenzelwanga i-ofisi yezobuchwephesha, kufuneka inyangwe engqondweni ukuba iindleko "zobunjineli ubuncinci ziyi-20% yeendleko zenxalenye yoyilo. Kwaye uya kutsalwa kwi-squbeble phakathi kwemibutho emibini yezimeleyo - umbhali weprojekthi yoyilo kunye nombhali wenxalenye yobunjineli kuyo. Iqela ngalinye liya kungqina ubulungisa bayo, ngenxa yoko unokuphulukana nexesha elininzi kunye nemithambo-nerve, kunye nembono yokuqala yoyilo iya kutshintsha ngokungaphaya kokwamkelwa kwayo zonke iintlobo zobugcisa.

Ukuze lenzeke le nto

1. Umsebenzi wokuhlawula kufuneka hlulwe ube ngamanyathelo:

   • Ukuqhubela phambili (ngokukhethekileyo i-25%, nangona i-alfayili idla ngokubuza i-50% yeyonke);

   • I-50% yexabiso lonke emva kokuba le projekthi izalisekisiwe kunye nenxalenye yobunjineli (ayinamsebenzi ukuba ngubani le nxalenye yabasebenzi abakwiindibano okanye kumbutho wesithathu) kunye nokuphunyezwa ngokusemthethweni iimeko ezifanelekileyo (nokuba le ndibano iya kubandakanyeka kule okanye kuya kufuneka isebenzise iinkonzo zabantu); Eli nqanaba linokwahlulwabelwa ibe yi-footers ezimbini ze-footers (PO25%): Okokuqala, emva kokuphela kwenxalenye yoyilo, yesibini - emva kolungelelwaniso;

   • Iipesenti ezingama-25 zexabiso lonke emva kokwamkelwa kweprojekthi yokusebenza umbutho wokwakha ofanelekileyo kwisalathiso esifanelekileyo kwimvumelwano, ekufuneka ijonge into enje:

     "Le projekthi ingaphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo kwisakhelo segumbi elikwi ________. Ixabiso elipheleleyo lokwakha kunye nokugqitywa kwe-________, elingenakutshintshwa ukuba umthengi uya kuba ngumthengi hayi utshintsho kule projekthi kwenziwe. Isebenza ngokuzithandela kwiinyanga ezi -_____ emva kokufumana inkqubela phambili. Ixabiso lokuphunyezwa kwesi sixa seProjekthi. Yonke imilinganiselo yoyilo iya kuba ingenayo. Ukusukela ukuvela kokungafakwalelwa kwamandla okumiselwa kwawo ekuphunyezweni kwayo kufezekisiwe kunye nomyili we-Arkitect abakwaziyo ukuxabisa kunye nexesha lokusebenza. "

   Ewe kunjalo, abakhi kunye nabakhi abayi kuvuya ngala mazwi, kodwa ukuba bangabaluhlo kunye neengcali ezifanelekileyo, abananto yoyika. Izithethi zingcono kuneshishini konke konke, abayi kuba nakho ukuchitha imali kunye nexesha kwaye yonke into kuya kufuneka iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde liphinde. Ukuze ufumane ukuzithemba okukhulu kwimvumelwano yakho kwimvumelwano kunye naye kuya kuba kuhle ukucofa umhla obekiweyo wokuqulunqwa kweProjekthi yeProjekthi, ukulungelelaniswa kwemvume kunye nokukhethwa kombutho wokwakha. Kwi "zobunjineli" yendlu enobunkunkqele ithatha iiveki ezi-4-6, kulungelelwaniso lwezinto ezivulekileyo kwiindonga zerhasi kunye nokugquma kombutho wokwakha - kwiiveki ezi-2-4. Ke, ukumisela umhla wokugqibela kukulungelelanisa i-MVK. Kodwa igcina into enokuqaliswa phantse ngaxeshanye noyilo loyilo, kuba ingcinga yoyilo yendlu idla ngokuvuthwa kwiiveki ezimbini zokuqala. Emva koko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukuqhubekele phambili kwiimeko zesikimu sophuhliso ngokutsha kwithemba lokufumana zonke iimvume ngaxeshanye nosizi lokugqibela lweprojekthi.

   Ewe kunjalo, amanyathelo adweliswe apha ngasentla akazukukusindisa kwiimpazamo zoyilo, kodwa baya kunceda ekuchongeni ezi mpazamo ngaphambi kokuzama ukuzisebenzisa kwaye zigcine imali yakho kunye nerves yakho. Ukongeza, uya kuba nolwazi olupheleleyo malunga neendleko kunye nexesha lokuphunyezwa kwezinto ezizezoyilo kwaye, ukuba kukho imfuneko, ukubanakho ukwenza lula iprojekthi.

   Ifanele ikwalisekiswe ukuba umbutho wokwakha ngaphandle kwesifundo esineenkcukacha seprojekthi uyavuma ukutyikitya isivumelwano kunye nefomu echaziweyo. Uninzi lweemeko ezithile ujongana nezixhobo ezingaqondanga ukuba zibandakanyeke ntoni. Isongela ubuncinci, ilahleko yexesha lomsebenzi wokulungiselela, ekuhambeni kwayo iimpazamo eziza kutyhilwa kuzo zoyilo (jonga ngezantsi). Kodwa ngexesha lokucaciswa kwale meko, sele ubhatale umsebenzi ofanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo ziya kutsalwa okanye kwinkqubo ebuhlungu yokuphelisa iinzame ze uyilo kunye nabakhi ngaphandle kwendleko. Ukuba iindleko zotshintsho zibalulekile, ke inkqubo ye-wala inokwenzeka kuphela i-theoretly. Inkampani yokwakha i-APRETETEC inokuvala, abantu bayo abanoxanduva kunye nolwahlulelo banyamalala kwicandelo lakho lokujonga ngalo lonke ixesha lokulahleka kwalapha. Izenzo ezithile ezidla ngokuqhuba abakhi bobuchwephesha ngaphambi kokuba bawamkeli iprojekthi kunye nokutyikitya ikhontrakthi kunye nomthengi ziya kuqwalaselwa ngokweenkcukacha kumanqaku alandelayo, kwaye ngoku ziya kubuyela kulwaphulo mthetho.

2. Isivumelwano esomeleleyo kufuneka sichazwe kumthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye kukhuphiswano loyilo kwimeko yoloyiso kwithenda, kwaye ikwadwelisa amacandelo eprojekthi. Intlawulo yethenda yokuphumelela ibandakanyiwe kwindleko yoyilo liphela.

B. Ukufihlakala kwezobuchwephesha kweprojekthi kunye neengcebiso zovavanyo lwayo

Iinkqubo ziyavutha kwangoko: iya kuxoxa ngovavanyo lwenxalenye yezobugcisa nezobugcisa zeprojekthi. Imbono yendlela yobugcisa neyenyani yendalo ibaluleke kakhulu, nkqu neengcali zihlala zingavumelani kwangaxeshanye. Siza kuthetha ngezinto ezisebenzayo kunye nokunganyaniseki.

Umzobo wamanzi onganyangekiyo wamanzi, izixhobo zokuyila aziphosi ngengqondo embi, kodwa ngokungaqhelekanga. Okanye ukuba kwimpembelelo yokuyila, xa kufanelekile ukunikela ingqalelo kuyo yonke into engenakuthelekiswa nanto ngokungathi nkqo kwaye hayi ethe tyaba kwiinqwelomoya, imfuneko "ye-" Free "kwi-chain nganye, ingeyonyani Umnqweno wokufihla umbhobho wothungiweyo kudonga oluphathayo ... kwaye yeyiphi imibhobho ekhoyo xa ingabikho msebenzi wobugcisa bobufa ongumsebenzi weHlabathi! Kodwa ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga iindleko zezezimali kunye nezexeshana "" ze "steev" "ne-nose" " Ke ngamanye amaxesha iluncedo ukuthoba umyili ngenxa yamafu yelizwe elinesono. Ezi nqobo zilandelayo zeprojekthi yokunyanzelwa kobuchwephesha ziya kukunceda nakwimeko yoyilo (xa ihlalutya imisebenzi yayo yangaphambili).

Masiqale ngezixhobo zokulinganisa. Ngesizathu esithile, kukholelwa ukuba ukuba ubume bubungakanani bohlobo "4722mm", umyili-wezingcali ungumntu oqeqeshiweyo ofanelekileyo kwaye ongumqeqeshi obala ukuya kwisigidimi. " Musa ukumangaliswa ke ukuba le projekthi ayinakuphunyezwa kwifom ye-pistine. Abakhi bokwenyani abayi kukhathalelwa ukwenziwa komsebenzi 'ngokukhula komntu ", ngaphandle kokuyizisa kwimigangatho yetekhnoloji ekhoyo, emva koko kwayitshintsha.

"Ukuphambuka okuvumelekileyo kobude" bokwenyani (i-roulecles eqhelekileyo (iklasi yesithathu) ngobukhulu 4721mm ngu-1.2mm (Gost 7502-98). ITo "kwiqondo lobushushu le-20c kunye noxinzelelo lweteyiphu yokulinganisa enamandla okusebenza kwe-101n" (isicatshulwa esivela kwi-gost enye). Oko kukuthi, kwanaxa ukuthobela zonke ezi meko zilungileyo, ubungakanani be- "4722mm" xa i-roulette enye inokulingana no-4719.2mm, kunye nenye - 4722mm. Ukutsala kufuneka kongeza ngokungathanga ngqo (1mm) kunye nempazamo engalunganga ebangelwa ziimeko ezintsonkothileyo (eli nqanaba kwi-roulette ayisetyenziswanga, i-engile ye-fivest ikwagqitywa ngu "Mfifu" kunye neqondo lokunganyangiswayo alizicingeli). Isiphumo sifunyenwe ukuba sidlulise ucwangciso ukusuka kumzobo wento ngoncedo lwezinto eziqhelekileyo phantsi kweemeko zokwakha ezichanekileyo, ngaphezulu kwe-5mm, akunakwenzeka. I-ITO ingqina ukungafumani zimfaneleko ziphantsi zabakhi, kodwa malunga nenyani yenkani, olwenziwa ngu-Abuking. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukuze ufumane uyilo olugqwesileyo, akukho mfuneko yokukhohlisa intloko ukuba bakhile intloko ngeemilimitha. Ukuba uhlobo oluthile lokumisela kufuneka lususwe ngokuchaneka kwe-millimeter, le projekthi kufuneka ijolise koku. Ukwenzela ukuba iKontraktha kwi uqikelelo kwilebhile ye-spacecraft kunye nezinto zombane, kwaye umthengi ufundile kwangaphambili malunga neendleko ezizayo (indawo). Ke, xa ujonga iprojekthi iluncedo ukuhlala engqondweni:

Inombolo yenombolo 1.

Ngokufanelekileyo, ukuba ubungakanani bokucwangciswa (bunikwa ngeemilimitha) kwi "0" okanye "5".

Ngoku malunga nokuzalelwa. Ukugcinwa kwe-noponelm okanye i-panelDeepleepleep, ukungqubana komthetho kwemilinganiselo yejometri ngaphakathi kwe-100m2 ziisentimitha (ezinomdla kwiinkcukacha ezihambelana). Ukuxhasa imigangatho ephantsi yamabanga "asemgangathweni" angabinamntu ", oku kuphambuka kunokunyusa amashumi eesentimitha. Umzekelo, umahluko wesentimitha ezili-10 ukuya kwe-10-15 kwi-diagonals "yebhokisi" ye-statur "-ayingosihlobo. I-3-5 i-Medimeter partiations ukusuka kwiindonga kunye neeplate ezithe tyaba ze-overlap zingafumaneka phantse kuwo onke amagumbi.

Le meko ngenxa yesizathu esithile ivumela ingqalelo yolwazi. Bahlala besiya kwimilinganiselo kuphela ngetephu. Imilinganiselo yenziwa kuphela kwiindawo ezimbini okanye ezintathu zezakhiwo ezifakiweyo kwaye ziboshwe ngokupheleleyo kudonga olupheleleyo okanye ipleyiti yophahla (Fig 1, 2). Njengomthetho, indawo yoyilo ayinamnqweno (umlinganiselo othembekileyo uyakufuna iintsuku ezingama-2-3), okanye izixhobo (imibhobhothi, inqanaba lamanzi ngobude obucokisekileyo ") yento. Ibinzana elithi "lithetha" lithetha ukukhangela ubume beendonga, iikholamu, njl njl., "Inqanaba lokutyibilika" kukujonga ipleyiti ethe tyaba, imiqadi, njl. Ukuqonda ubunzima kunye nokunqongophala komsebenzi wento, ezinye izinto eziyikhileyo zisebenzisa iinkonzo zefemu ezikhethekileyo ezineeseti ezigqityiweyo zezixhobo zoku. Isibhedlele, le ndlela ayinikezeli siqinisekiso esipheleleyo kwiimpazamo. Ewe, ukuba iingcali zenkampani zilungele imilinganiselo ngokuthembekileyo, kodwa rhoqo akukho zixhobo zaneleyo kunye nexesha. I-Apprave Umsebenzi owenziweyo iba yinto kuphela kwinkqubo yokwakha xa iimpazamo ziphakame. Imali yenkampani ngeli xesha sele ihlawulwe kwaye kuyo "ukunyoba kwezona zigudileyo".

Ukuphelisa impembelelo "eyingozi" kwiprojekthi yemilinganiselo ephosakeleyo ngeendlela ezimbini:

1. Ukuzama ukuqhubekisa ngakumbi kunye nechanekileyo.
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2. Ukuthotyelwa koyilo loMmiselo No. 2.

Inombolo yesi-2.

Nawuphi na ubungakanani bodwa ngokuphunyezwa kwayo kufuneka ube netekhnoloji "ye-backlash" kwiisentimitha ezimbalwa (ngokufuthi i-backlash ifakwe kubungqiwa bodaka, ikhwaza, iPlywood kunye nezinye iziseko zokugqiba). Nawuphi na umvuzo we-SEPRY WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA "FUNDA" (okanye "ubungakanani nge-asterisk"), engabinamntu kwiprojekthi inokutshintshwa ngaphakathi kwe-5 ukuya kwi-CM.

Ukubaluleka kwengxaki echazwe apha ngasentla kuqinisekisiwe kukuba iminyaka engama-20 yomsebenzi wokulungiswa kwe-Elite, umbhali wale migca awuzange ufezekiswe ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakha. Kwindawo nganye, iibhombu zokuhamba kancinci ziyaqhushumba, zibekwe nguMyinge phantsi kwemilinganiselo kunye nezisombululo zetekhnoloji. Umzekelo, sinika iimeko ezimbini zokuziqhelanisa.

Ikhiwane. Nye Amanyathelo akwisalathiso (a) senziwe ngumyili we-Arvimet, ubukhulu besalathiso (P) siyinyani. C, i-D-irir monolithic iindonga ezikwi-engile engaphezulu kwe-90	Fig.2 Ukutshintshwa kwe-monolithic, nge-dr ngeebhokisi ze-ventilation, ulwahlulelo oluyifundile, c, b, iindonga ze-MOOLOLIIC

Kumanani 1, 2, oovimba bolwazi bokuqala kunye nabahambelanayo obekwe ngumyili we-Arviet baphawulwa ngencwadi ethi "A", "Owona mda we" P ". Kukho indawo yemilinganiselo. Umzobo1 ubonakalisa indawo ebonisa i-ocmatic yendawo yokucwangcisa yasimahla kwindlu entsha. Ngasekunene, ekungeneni, ibhokisi ene-niche yokulungisa umbane kunye neengcingo zaziza kubekwa, emva kwekhabhathi ye-NYMYCe ye-Outlee ye-Itali. Umlingane wenziwa ngemilinganiselo ye-3-yokukhohlisa (indawo ibonisiwe kwi-10 ecaleni kodonga lwangaphambili, olwahluka kwi-5mm kuphela, ukuya kwelona lincinci lalivalele kulo inqanaba lomgangatho ococekileyo. Iindonga ze-monolithic esele zikho kunye nephasi zigqibe kwelokuba zingasebenzi, kodwa zizolile, njengoko zazibonakala zigudileyo. Ibhokisi yeGearbox yenzelwe ukomelela. Ngokwe-contour phakathi kweendonga, isilingi neKhabhinethi, kwakucwangcisiwe i-5mm.

Abakhi bawenza umsebenzi ofunekayo, beyiqonda imida yoyilo, i-Arvietch yamkela kwaye yamkela. I-Cardibe ngokukhuselekileyo "yeza" e-Itali. Kodwa xa baqala ukwakha, kwavela ukuba kwinxalenye ephakathi ayidlulanga ukuphakama, kuba i-Slab Slab ilapho "igcina i-13mm ngokunxulumene nendawo yemilinganiselo. Kwakufuneka ndikwazi ukonakalisa iKhabhinethi kwakhona, ndikhangela ngokungxamisekileyo indibano yocweyo ye-jorinery, engoyiki "ibhafu" yebhanti yayo esezantsi kwi-13mm ye-13mm, ngaphandle kokuphanga imveliso. Kucace gca ukuba emva kongenelelo lweenkosi zasekhaya, uyilo lwase-Italiyane aluzange luphucule. Umthengi sele ethobekile ngekamva lakhe kwaye ebukele kuphela, njengakwigumbi elithi "ikhankwili" lacocwaphinda, elungelelaniswe kwaye wapeyinta isilingi. Umthengi uqhume kuphela xa yonke into yayilungele "ukufanele 'kwegama elilandelayo elilandelayo, i-Aon kwakhona" elikufutshane "- ngoku ububanzi. Siza kuthoba izibizo ezingaqhelekanga, iziphawuli kunye nezenzi ezibonelelwe nguMthengi ngesisa umyili obekhiweyo nabakhi, kwaye babuyela kwicala lobuchwephesha betyala.

Kwavela ukuba kwakungekho angle 90 phakathi kwabathwali bodonga kunye d, i-angle yayisisidenge nge-20mm eshiyekileyo (kumphezulu weKhabhinethi) ukusuka kwi-Prependicular echithwe kwindawo yabo. Udonga lwebhokisi ye-plasterboard yeBhokisi ye-Boiler yombane yaphawulwa ziindonga. Ngokuhambelana, olu donga lwalusezantsi kakhulu kwi-angle kwi-D (ii-docoons zekhabhinethi). Ke ngoko, imeko yoxande yeKhabhinethi ayinakuhambelana neparallogram. Yonke into ibingayi kuba yinto embi ukuba iindonga kunye nophahla lwe-monolithic (i-filiers ye-firies ivuliwe emva kwekhonkrithi ye-50mm) okanye ubuncinci bafakwa. Emva koko ubukhulu bukaNiche phantsi kweKhabhinethi buya kuba nababhali betekhnoloji (funda i-2), ukuvumela ukuba ungachukumisi iholo uqobo. Ukongeza, xa kufaka ii-beacons, abakhi bayakuqaphela "ukuqhutywa" kwesilingi, isiqingatha sengxaki kuya kususwa. Kodwa iindonga kunye ne-overlap zazinenqwelwana kwaye zibanzi kuphela. Ke ngoko, kwakuyimfuneko ukukhuthaza ibhokisi ye-plasterboard yefonti yombane kunye neziphumo zonke ezilandelayo, kuquka kwimeko yomthengi.

Eyona nto inomdla kukuba kwakufuneka atshintshe nje kuphela ukulibaziseka kweeveki ezimbini ekuhanjisweni kwento kunye nokulimala, kodwa nokuhlawula yonke into eyenzekayo, kwaye kwi-ivalers yangaphandle bekunokwenzeka kuphela ukuthatha imali yabo, wafumana ifumene kwaye ehlawula iindleko engakhange amisele 'kwi-insulvency yethutyana imali. " Inkxaso kunye naye ngenxa yeedola ezilikhulu inani lomthengi eliqwalasele ingeyomfuneko.

Umzobo 2 uya kusinceda ukuba siqonde enye imeko engathandekiyo engathandekiyo, ngokungagungqi "ukutshabalalisa" ubukhulu be-"Free" kwi-chain (jonga kwinombolo 2). Isalathiso sobukhulu siyafana njengamanani1, kwaye sibonisa indawo yokufaka efungeni. Olona phazamiso oluphambili loyilo yayikukuqhekezwa "ngokungachazwanga" kwi-kilf ye-ventilation (kuwo wonke umgangatho) kunye nokuthwala i-monolikic edlulayo. Emva kokuthuthunjiswa okuphezulu, umxholo ngezithuba ezihamba kakuhle kweholo, ikhitshi kunye negumbi lokuhlala elahlulelwe yingubo yedwa lazalelwa kuyo kwaye lifashoni namhlanje. Ekhitshini nakwindlela yendlela, kwagqitywa kwelokuba kumise i-tile kwigumbi lokuhlala - i-parquet. Umgca wethayile kunye necandelo leparaquege kufuneka ukuba ne-axic kunye ne-axis yeselula. Kuyinyani, isicatshulwa esivela kwi-holo yeholo ekhitshini safunyanwa safunyanwa kancinci, kodwa sisabhalelana nobuncinci obufanelekileyo ngokwemigangatho ye-850mm. Ukwahlula kunye nokubiyelwa kweebhokisi ze-winntilation kwagqitywa kwenziwe isitena kwaye shuffle. I-niche yokufumana i-niche eJamani yayalela iKhabhinethi yasekhitshini. Ububanzi bayo babalile, basusa ububanzi be-3050mm ye-Platity ye-Squaths (20mm), obu bubanzi bendawo (i-850mm), ubukhulu besahlulelo sokubekwa (i-160 mm), i-10mm ye-GAP (10mm) kunye ne Ubungqingqwa bodaka lweStew (20mm). Umlinganiso omnye phakathi kodonga kunye neyona nto ilula kakhulu kuye, ngakumbi kuba elinye indalo lingathintele ukubizelwa okudala kwe-venttucleobs.

Xa abakhi bahlasela ezi ngcingo kwaye bazama ukuthumela entsha, kwavela ukuba ukulindela ukuba kungekho ludonga lungafaniyo. Umgama ophakathi kwabo, omalunga ne-torotov eyahlukileyo, yahlulahlulwe yi-50mm: 3050 kunye ne-3000mm (jonga kulwaphulo-mthetho.2). Ukongeza, i-Saint yayiyinto "ebilisiwe" eludongeni kwi-20mm, enayo, ngokuthi, "ukutya" i-backup yonke i-Plaster ilula. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ugobe iindonga- emva kokuphazamisa i-venturobov yeVenturobov, ukuphambuka kwawo kwinqwelomoya. Oko kwanomtsalane we-20mm ye-20mm ye-20mm yeya kuba kuncinci, kwakufuneka nditsale kwikhonkrithi. Ukucutha umgama phakathi kwe-A kwaye e akavumeli imigangatho kunye nomthengi.

Eyona ndlela ilula yokuphuma kule meko inokubonakala ngathi ukwakhiwa kokwahlulwa ngokuhambelana nobuncinci nokubekwa ecaleni kodonga lwecala lekhabhathi. Iisentimitha ezininzi zezitena, "i-fashing" ngaxeshanye kwi-Ventkourt, inokungena phantsi. Kodwa ayikho naphi na ukuba ahambe kwi-Wedge kwi-tile. I-Wedge yinto engafakwanga ye-tile ye-tile (iibhodi, i-raquet rive) yodonga (okanye ifenitshala), oko kukuthi, umgama owahlukileyo ukusuka eludongeni ubude. Xa isakhiwo se-gile sihambelana nobulumko, ububanzi bomtshato eludongeni lwalungama-120 mm, ecaleni kweendonga kunye ne-M-5mm. Xa uphawula, iindonga ze-Wedge Passge ecaleni kwesampulu ziya kuba ngama-50mm (jonga iCris.2). Ngeethayile ngobukhulu 2020cm, oku, kunjalo, ayamkelekanga.

Ewe kunjalo, ngeli xesha, amaJamani sele eqalisile ukwenza iKhabhinethi kwaye akazange avume ukutshintsha ubukhulu bayo. Ubukhulu becala kwikhonkco apho bekuya kunokwenzeka ukufumana i-5cm engekhoyo, kuvunyelwe ukuba bube bubukhulu besahlulelo. Ke ngoko, ngaphandle kwento yokuba izitena kunye nomxube owomileyo sele zithengiwe zaza zanikwa into, ukwahlula kwagqitywa ukwenza ubukhulu be-160 - 50 = 110mm ukusuka kwi-factwall, kwaye kube lula ukusabela ngokufana kweendonga. Ngoku thatha ingqalelo ilahleko:

• Umahluko phakathi kwexabiso lokuthenga kunye nentengiso elandelayo yezitena:

  I-1200PCcs.1.3 I-rubles. = 1560 hirlit.;

• Ngokuhambelana, umxube owomileyo:

  Iingxowa ezingama-25202020 iqhekeza. = 500 ruble;

• Ezothutho: 1500 I-ruble;
• Ukulayisha kunye nokulayisha umsebenzi: ii-ruble ezili-1600.

  Iyonke: Ii-5160 rubles.

Njengamaxesha onke, ndihlawule umthengi. Ukuphulukana nemali kunye nokwanda komhla wokugqibela womhla wokugqibela womsebenzi womsebenzi wakhe kwakungeyongxaki, eyona nto iphambili kukuba ingxaki iconjululwe.

Kodwa kwavela kuphela isiqalo. I-Gypsim Cols ikhuselwe kunye ne-binges ibhokisi, ukubonelela ngokufikelela kuphela kwimikhosi ye-WEUR. Xa uzama ukuntywila umbhobho wokuntywila kwi-sub ezindongeni ezinodonga, ndafumanisa ukuba amandla okuqina kuwo. Udonga lwajika lwaba luphawu, nciphisa ukuqiniswa kuyo- andikhathali ukuba ubone i-bitch apho uhlala khona. Ngokukodwa ekubeni indlu yayikwinqanaba lesithathu lesakhiwo esili-16.

Kwakhona, kwakuyimfuneko ukukhangela i-35mm engekhoyo (Ngokubanzi, ububanzi bombhobho we-PVC Drain kwi-squab - i-60mm, kodwa ihlangulwe kwikhonkrithi kwi-10mm ye-10mm kwi-10mm ye-10mm kwi-10mm. I-ISnov kuphela indawo apho banokuthi bafumaneke khona, baguquka ukuba bube bubukhulu bezahlulelo. Sigqibe kwelokuba siyikhuphele, sithathe iprofayile ye-75 ye-rack ngomhla wama-50 kwaye senze i-trim enye. Iindonga zahamba ze ukuya kwi-35mm ukuya kufihla umbhobho ogwenxa. I-KSchastina yeyakhe, umthengi malunga nengenzi nto. Umyili weze-Africad wacenga ukuba abakhi baphinde bathathele ingqalelo yonke into ngendleko zakhe, ethembisa ukubandakanyeka kwizinto zabo zexesha elizayo kwaye bavale amehlo emigangatho. Olo hlobo loyilo lukhunjulwa ngobomi:

Inombolo 3.

Kwiindonga ezirhabatha kwikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi, entuthumbo kunye nemibhobho yamanzi ayinakubakho. Asisayi kuphinda sidinwe ngumfundi onemizekelo yobomi kwaye sinike ezinye iingcebiso ezininzi zokuyilwa okuqinisekisa inkqubo yokwakha ukusuka kwi-Line kunye notshintsho.

Inombolo 4.

I-niche phantsi kwefanitshala kufuneka yenziwe ngesitokhwe esihambelanayo sofakelo (elichaziweyo kubaqokeleli befanitshala).

Inombolo yesi-5.

Izahlulo ezisandula ukwenziwa, ukuntywila kunye nezinye izinto zonxibelelwano zifihliwe, kufuneka zibe nobungqingqwa obuqinisekisa ukuthwala, ukufunyanwa kwesandi samagumbi ahambelana nayo.

Inombolo yesi-6.

Iindawo zokufakwa okufihliweyo zomoya kunye neebhloko zemoya kufuneka zibe nemilinganiselo ekuvumela ukuba ubeke indawo yazo, kodwa i-dubs, i-freon tubes, i-freon hubes, ithathela ingqalelo i-radii yetekhnoloji ye ukugoba.

Inombolo yesi-7.

Xa uyilo lwezinto ezinqunyanyisiweyo, iiDucts zokuvala kunye nolunye unxibelelwano, kufuneka ukuba ziqwalasele ubungakanani beprofayili yokufumana i-plasterboard.

Inombolo yesi-8.

Ukufakwa okufihliweyo kwezixhobo zetekhnoloji (kwinani langoku leevalves, ukufikelela nokulungiswa kufuneka kubonelelwe kuyo.

Inombolo 9.

I-Halogn Lamp ezifakwe kwindawo enqunyanyisiweyo, ishushu ngezinto ezinokutsha (i-foam, ubushushu, ubushushu kunye nabanye), kufuneka zibodwa kuzo.

Inombolo ye-10.

Ubungqingqwa be "Cake" yokuntywila kweParatopet ye-Logitgia (i-Interfunts + i-2 sec Castockerton) kufuneka ubuncinci ibe yi-100mm.

Umthetho №11.

Ukudibanisa i-santeichpribricribricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricricriclors kumthwalo wamanzi kunye nobukhulu benkunkuma (ubungakanani benkunkuma) kufuneka zidweliswe kule projekthi kwaye zidluliselwa kwinto ekuqaleni komsebenzi wokwakha, kuba i-gasket ye-gasket yenziwe ngokuyintloko. Ezi nkqubo ziyafumaneka kwi-Apliners yezixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Iimodyuli zesixhobo sococeko, zibhalwe eludongeni (abanye abaxube iikhabhathi zeshawa, iibhafu, iinkqubo zokufakelwa kwezitya zangasese, njl. Njl.) Kufuneka zinikezelwe kwinto leyo ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkcitho.

Kuyo yonke le mithetho ingentla, yongeza isilumkiso seqhwithi "Uqhwithela":

Ezona ngxaki zingalindelekanga nezinobunkunkqele ziyinkqubo yokuphumeza izinto ezizodwa zoyilo kunye nabangeneli, kwiindawo ezibizwa ngokuba "yindawo ebizwa ngokuba" yimisebenzi engeyiyo engapheliyo ye-ART "). Kukho ungqimba olupheleleyo lweengxaki eziza kuqwalaselwa kwinqaku elahlukileyo. Ngoku siya kuzimisela isikhumbuzo sokuba indalo yenye "ingenguye" incinci nokuba ilula kwaye ilula ihamba, ihlala idlula indleko zokugqiba igumbi lonke.

Sinethemba lokuba ibalisa lethu liya kuba luncedo kwaye nabathengi kunye nolwazi. Ndingathanda ukuba boyike ubunzima, ndifunde eli nqaku, kwaye ndinyathele kwisimo sengqondo esinzulu ngale projekthi.