Indawo yokucima i-masry. Isixhobo kunye nokuqhelaniswa, ufakelo, izixhobo ze-chimneys, izixhobo kunye nokuvala, itekhnoloji ye-Masonry.
Indawo yeSiqithi yeSiqithi, eyenziwe kwizinto eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zeWall Wall
Indawo yomlilo ngeethayile igcina ubushushu
Izinto ezisisiseko zesakhiwo somlilo osetyenzisiweyo:
umqokeleli onomphaniso;
b - ishelufu yomlilo;
kwi-portal;
Igumbi lobushushu;
d - ishelufa ye-malefy;
E-drovnitsa
Kwingaphakathi ezama ukuvelisa i-AR-DEBE ye-AR-DOCO, indawo yomlilo ine-laconic, ifom engqongqo
I-portal enkulu izisa umoya weinqatha zaphakathi kwindlu yanamhlanje. Kodwa i-toak indawo yokucima umlilo kufuneka ilumke ingadumanga igumbi
Amacandelo eendawo zokucima umlilo zanamhlanje aneefom ze-fantasy kakhulu
Indawo yokucima igumbi lokuhlala ngaphakathi kwi-colonialial yesitayile
Indawo ephezulu ye-Tech
Kukanjani ukusuka kwizitena zaselwandle ezisongelwe yi-fiber yefibrical-imfihlo yenkosi
Idolophu yoMlilo ilunge ngakumbi kwisixhobo semigangatho kunye nezakhiwo zophangi
Ukunqunyulwa okungapheliyo kweeplani zomlilo ezineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuchitha irhasi. I-Vilifs kunye nobukhulu kwaye zenze ifihlakalo ephambili yezixhobo zokusebenza: 
Ngokwedatha yeenkcukacha-manani, ukusuka kwi-80 ukuya kwi-90% yabanini bezindlu zelizwe bangathanda ukuba okanye sele benayo indawo yomlilo ekhayeni labo. I-Arineine yale migca i-orine i-quast 'yabavimba bexesha elidlulileyo "uninzi luhlala lungabikho kwiingxaki zokufudumeza. Indawo yomlilo ingumqondiso wobomi, uzinzo, intuthuzelo yasekhaya. Ukuba ufuna, ubonakalisa indlela enesipiko kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
Ngokuhlwa ichithwe kumlilo ovulekileyo webala kwi-whimsication tampsical tappingightightightightingings zedangatye kulula, kodwa uyolo olunobuchule. Ukongeza, indawo yomlilo eyenziwe ngemo yenzekile sisixhobo esihle kakhulu, esomisa umoya kwindawo yokuhlala (oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwindawo yemozulu ebomvu). Akumangalisi ukuba inani leendawo zemililo kunye neendawo zokucima umlilo kwizindlu ziyakhula yonke imihla.
Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, isixhobo esinzima sendawo sinobunzima kwaye 'sithobekile', sifuna ukubala ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokwakhiwa kokwakhiwa okuqhelekileyo. Kwimeko ejongene netyala, "Eyona nto ibalulekileyo umlilo ophilayo" unokujika ube sisixhobo esihlala sinesithando esizithandayo. Okokugqibela, iiplani zokucima umlilo, njengayo nayiphi na enye imithombo yedangatye elivulekileyo, imililo enobungozi kwaye engahambelani nemithetho yokwakha nokusebenza iyakwazi ukuhambisa ingxaki enkulu kubanini bayo. Ngamanye amagama, ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokufumana indawo yomlilo, iingxaki ezinxulumene nokufakwa kwayo, kufuneka unikele ingqalelo ende.
Isixhobo kunye nokuhlelwa kweeplani zomlilo
Yonke indawo yemililo inamacandelo amathathu: ibhokisi yomlilo, iPortal kunye neCimney. Iziqithi zihlulelwe uyilo lwebhokisi yomlilo. Iiplagi zokucima umlilo zivulekile, zibanzi, kodwa azingqulu. Olu luhlobo lwe-niche eyenziwe ngezinto zokuphikisa (izitena, ilitye, intsimbi). Ngenxa yoyilo lwayo, iiplani zomlilo ziyakwazi ukufudumeza igumbi kuphela kunye namandla amakhulu avelisiweyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokudibanisa ipetroli. Ngamafutshane, banika ubushushu kuphela xa umlilo uvuthile kuzo. Abadingi xesha lokufudumeza izidumbu zabo ezinkulu, njengakwimeko yezixhobo, kodwa ziyaphola ngokukhawuleza. Ngokubanzi, iiplani zomlilo azihambelani nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokufudumeza: Ukusebenza kwazo yi-10-25% (ukusebenza kakuhle kwendawo yomlilo kumiselwa ngumyinge wamandla omhlaba owaziwa egumbini, kumandla anokufunyanwa ngeqela elipheleleyo lepetroli). Ukuthelekisa: Ukusebenza kakuhle kwezinto zokufudumeza zanamhlanje kufikelela kwi-70-50%, ukusebenza kwemali yendawo yaseRussia yi-20-30%.Ukonyusa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kwesixhobo, iindonga zangaphakathi zesithando somlilo kufuneka zibe nobuchule obuphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, zenziwe ezigudileyo kwaye nangokunjalo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha sivalelwe ngobhedu okanye amaphepha eentsimbi engenasitali. Yila impompo yokufumana iindonga zecala zendawo yezixhobo zenziwa impompo ukuya eludongeni olungasemva. Kule meko, ubushushu bubonakalisiwe kwigumbi elingasentla kudonga olungasemva, kodwa nakwiindonga ezisecaleni, kwaye ukusebenza kwemali kwefowuni kuphakama nge-7-10%. Isithando somlilo esivulekileyo sibekwe ngaphandle kwesitena esigudileyo sinobubanzi obungama-5-6mm ububanzi. Ubungqingqwa bodonga sisiqingatha sePolkirpich.
Kwinxalenye ephezulu yegumbi leziko, i-porch yegesi idla ngokwenziwa ("izinyo"). Uthintela ukuthulula iintlantsi ukusuka kumbhobho, ukhusela izithando zomlilo kwi-air-moya equkuqelayo ebangela umsi wegumbi kunye nokuphuma kwe-cein xa inyusa indawo yomlilo. Umda wegesi yindawo apho ihlanjululwe khona i-soot, ngoko ke itreyi yetreyi yetreyi inokufakwa apha. Nangona kunjalo, kumaninzi "izinyo" alikho kwaye iziko lixhunyiwe ne-chimney yejelon evuthayo (ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu kakhulu). Ngokubanzi, i-firewall nganye ineemfihlo zayo. Kulula (indawo engezantsi yendawo yomlilo) kukuqina kokuqokelela i-ASHASH. Ukongeza, yayididekile isebenza njengomthombo owongezelelweyo woBomi bomoya kwiziko (iziqitha ezinothando ngebhokisi yomlilo evaliweyo).
Iingcebiso zeSnipa 2.04.051-91 * "Ukufudumeza, ukufihlakeleyo kunye nemeko yomoya" evunyiwe ngo-1997.
Isiqendu 3.84. Uyilo lokwakha kufuneka lukhuseleke ekubeni ngu-Isfition:
a) Umgangatho ovela kwizinto ezinokutsha nezinzima phantsi kocango lomnyango - iphepha lesinyithi ezingama-700500mm, elalikwicala laso elide kunye nezixhobo;
b) Udonga okanye ulwahlulelo kwizinto ezingasasebenziyo ekufuphi kwi-engile kwi-oven ye-25mm kwi-Asbestos Cadicks kwi-Asbestos Cardis kwi-250mm ngaphezulu kwe-250mm ngaphezulu phezulu kwekhoyini.
Isiqendu 3.86. Umgangatho ovela kwizinto ezinokutsha phantsi kwesiqitha, kubandakanya imilenze, kufuneka ukhuselwe kwi-Asbestoiki yekhadi le-Asbestos kwi-10mm, ngelixa umgama ukusuka ezantsi kwi-ASTER kwi-100mm.
Zonke iimodeli zeeplati zomlilo zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini: ngebhokisi yomlilo evulekileyo nevaliweyo. Iziqithi ezivaliweyo ziikhamera ezixhotywe ngocango lweglasi ye-quartz ezinokumelana nokufudumeza ukuya kwi-800c. Ezi mnyango zivulekile okanye kwicala elithile kwaye liphezulu nkqo. Ekugqibeleni, banikwa ngendlela ekhethekileyo yokuphakamisa. Ewe kunjalo, inomdla kwaye yonyusa uyilo lolwakhiwo, kodwa iingcango zicociwe kwiliso eliso kwaye zikuvumela ukuba uyonwabile emlilweni ophilayo.
Imigca yomlilo enebhokisi yomlilo evaliweyo iyakwazi ukusebenza ngeendlela ezimbini: inyamalala okanye inomnyango ovulekileyo. Ibhokisi yomlilo evaliweyo eneminyango evulekileyo ayifani kwibhokisi yomlilo evulekileyo ngaphandle komnyango. I-Avata ngomnyango ovaliweyo, unokuhlengahlengisa umjelo womoya ongena kwindawo yomlilo, ejonge imingxunya engezantsi. Incinci isixa senani lokuhamba komoya, kuya kuhamba kancinci iinkqubo zokutsha. Ngokuhambelana, inxalenye enye yenkuni inokulungela ubusuku obunzima. Uqoqosho lwendawo enjalo liphezulu kakhulu, inokuba isetyenziswe njengokufudumeza.
Yeyiphi indawo yokucima umlilo engcwebekileyo okanye ibhokisi yomlilo? I-Chermannia kunye namazwe aseScandinavia, apho indlela yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokusetyenziswa kwe-oyile ixhaphakile, imigca yomlilo eneminyango iyathandwa. ECopezia, ngenxa yezizathu ze-aethetics, zikhethwa kukhetho lwezakhiwo ezivulekileyo. Imililo yomlilo enesitiya esisesinyibilikisiweyo ifakwe ngokulula kumakhaya anee-chimneys ezikhoyo, ke ufake ukufakelwa kwezi zixhobo zilula kakhulu. Ngezindlu, umbhobho we-chimney uhlala owakhiwa kwindawo yomlilo. Apha kufanelekile ukwakhiwa kwendawo enkulu yomlilo enokuthi ikwazi ukumelana netyhubhu enzima (ubunzima bayo buya kufikelela kwi-2T). Iziko lentsimbi kwizinto ezinjalo "ezinjalo" azikwazi. Ukulayisha (umqolo we-atan we chimney unobunzima obungama-200 ukuya kwe-2000kg), kuya kufuneka ubeke ulwakhiwo oluxhasayo. I-Guase, iindleko zendawo yomlilo kwibhokisi yomlilo evaliweyo inokubaluleka (i-1.5-2) ngaphezulu kwexabiso lezinto eziqhelekileyo zomlilo, ixabiso eliphakathi, lixhomekeke kubungakanani, yi- $ 2000-5000.
Ewe kunjalo, umbuzo wefuthe lendawo yomlilo kunye nombhobho wayo wokutshaya kwi-Overlap yesakhiwo okanye isiseko asisonjululwanga kwiliso, kodwa kwisiseko sokubala ubunjineli. Kufuneka zifunyenwe kubakhi ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi. Ngokutsho kweengcali zenkampani "KFelvit", ukuba ubunzima bendawo yokugcina umlilo bungaphezulu kwe-900kg, ihlala ilumkile ukuyibeka kumgangatho wokuqala kunye nesiseko esahlukileyo. Kumgangatho wesibini kukho uyilo olulula kunye noLwele, kungenjalo iindleko zomsebenzi ziyanda kabukhali.
Kuxhomekeka kwindawo, iindawo zomlilo zahlulwe zaza zakhiwe ngokupheleleyo eludongeni; ngokwakhiwa ngokuyinxenye eludongeni (isitshizi); ivalelwe i-angular; udidekile; kwikona; I-Island (iphakathi egumbini).
Ukufakwa kweeplani zomlilo
Indawo yendawo yomlilo igqitywe sisisombululo sobutyebi sendawo yeNgqamo, uyilo lweendonga, iskimu se-ventilation kwaye, kunjalo, iimfuno zomlilo. Kuxhomekeka kuyilo lweendonga, iindawo zokucima umlilo zinokubekwa ecaleni kwazo okanye zingene kuzo. Kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise iindonga zangaphakathi okanye izahlulelo ezivela kwizinto ezingasasebenziyo ezenzelwe ukubekwa kwemijelo yomsi. Kwindawo nganye yomlilo ifuna i-chimney eyahlukileyo. "Tyala" iiplati zemililo ezimbini ezikwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo, enye i-chimney yiyoteyiti, kodwa yingxaki. Ngayiphi na imeko, iya kuba yimfuneko. Ubungakanani bokuvulwa kwangaphandle kweziko kufuneka zihambelane nobungakanani begumbi apho kufakwe khona igumbi (Indawo yokuvula ihlala ihambelana nendawo yegumbi kwi-1: 75) .
Indawo evulekileyo yomlilo kwisitena sisimo esikhulu kakhulu, ihlala iyimfuneko. Isiseko esahlukileyo sihlala sifuneka (kuya kuxoxwa ngezantsi). Kuyimfuneko ukuba uthathele ingqalelo amanqaku okuphumelela kwegumbi. Imigca yokucima umlilo ayinyamezeleki kakuhle, ngenxa yoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba nabo kude neengcango, iiwindows kunye nezityalo ezingenamoya. Icala eliqinileyo, umlilo uyafuneka ukubaleka ngokusisigxina kunye nokuhamba komoya, okunokuthintela iifestile ezikhazimla kabini. Ukuba awuzifezekisi ezi mfuno, umlilo kwindawo yomlilo uya kutshisa ungazinzi kwaye nokuba umsi. Iingxaki ezizodwa ezinemizobo ziphakame xa kuyila imililo yeSicalutho, "Vula kuzo zonke iimoya" ukusuka kumacala amane. Endaweni egumbini elinqwenelekayo ukucwangcisa umoya onyanzelekileyo ulawula i-chimney, ngethuba lokulawula iiparameter.
Ukanti izinto eziza kuqala kulwakhiwo lweendawo zokucima umlilo kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo iimfuno zomlilo. Indawo yomlilo kufuneka ihambe ngokukhuselekileyo kwisini, izahlulelo kunye nezinye izinto zokwakha ezenziwe ngezinto ezinokutsha.
Imicimbi yokhuseleko lomlilo ibaluleke ngakumbi xa kufakwa imililo kwizindlu zomlilo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula: iindawo zokucima umlilo kunye nee-chimneys kufuneka zisuswe kumgama owaneleyo ukusuka kuzo zonke izinto ezivela kwizinto ezinokutsha! Umgama oku kufanele ukuba ubuncinci ube yi-250mm. Iindonga zenziwe ngezinto ezinokutsha ezisondeleyo kwindawo esondeleyo yomlilo, kuyimfuneko ukuba zikwazi ukwahlula ngezinto ezingenakutsha, njengeShedbastos ye-Asbestos okanye i-Asbestos-i-Math ye-MALICA FINIR.
Abatshayayo bagxile ekhaya ukuba kujoliswe kumbono wejelo eliphezulu eliphezulu eliphezulu kuqala kungeniswe ukusetyenziswa kwinkulungwane ye-V-III. Bc e. NguRoma. Ngokufanayo, ii-oveni ezinkulu zokufudumeza amanzi kwiibhafu zaseRoma zaxhotyiswa nge-chimney enjalo. Imozulu ethambileyo yavumela amaGrike, amaRoma kunye nabameli beminye impucuko yelizwe lakudala ngaphandle kwendawo "ye-capital" kunye nendawo yokucima umlilo - efudumeza indawo enkulu, imbiza enamalahle ayiqhelekanga.
Chimney
I-chimney yijelo elithe nkqo elisebenza ukususa ukudibanisa kunye neemveliso ezingenayo kwi-oyile yomoya omtsha. I-chimnes kwi-chimney yenzeka ngenxa yokuba ubuninzi beegesi ezishushu ezishushu kuyo zingaphantsi koxinzelelo lwangaphandle. Isantya sokuhamba segesi ye-flie ixhomekeke kumahluko kubushushu bomoya oshushu nobandayo, kunye nokuphakama kombhobho. Ke ngoko, i-chimney, ngaphandle kokubona ukulula koyilo, yinto enzima yobugcisa, ukubalwa ngokuchanekileyo - intsingiselo yokugonya kwayo ngokungazi. Nazi uluhlu lwabo olufutshane: ubungakanani bokuvula iziko kunye nobunzulu bendawo; Ububanzi kunye nokuphakama komqala wokuqokelelwa komsi; ukuphakama kunye nokuwela icandelo lombhobho; Ukukhetha i-cap efunekayo ngombhobho; Iimpawu zomntu ngamnye kunye nomhlaba, indawo ephantsi, indawo evulekileyo, imeko yemozulu, uPhando lwezakhiwo oluselumelwaneni) kuphela ingoma kuphela enamava kakhulu, kwaye kule ntsimi ye ukwakhiwa. Njengoko abakhi besitshoyo, "Bricklayeyer kunye nendawo yomlilo zizinto ezahlukeneyo." Imililo imililo kufuneka igobe indawo yomlilo, hayi inkosi yokuhlaziywa.Uninzi lwazo, imibhobho ye-chimneys yomlilo yenziwa ngezitena ezitshisiweyo. I-mandry kufuneka igugulwe ngokusemandleni akho, ngobungqingqwa be-seams, ubuninzi be-5mm. Umthubi womthungo, ngokukhawuleza utshatyalaliswa phantsi kwesenzo seegesi ezishushu. Izitena, ukuya ekwenzeni i-chimney, zikhethwe zigudileyo, ngaphandle kokungaphezulu okanye i-cetsel. Indawo yecandelo lecandelo lejelo lomlilo linamaxesha amaninzi ngaphezulu kwendawo yomsi wetshathi yendawo yezixhobo. Ke ngoko, indawo yomlilo ayinakwenzeka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-tute "enye" kwi-chimney esele ikho. Elona candelo liphantsi kweSiteshi leSiteshi esinye sisitena esinye, okanye i-130260mm. Ukuphakama kwemibhobho ye-flue (imbewu yombulelo emlonyeni) kufuneka ubuncinci ibe yi-5m. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba amagqabi emibhobho kanye kwintonga yophahla kwaye ngaxeshanye uphela ngaphezulu kwenqanaba le-500mm (xa i-skate isuswe kwi-1.5 m). Ukuphakama kombhobho kufuneka kunyuswe (ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuphanga i-the therust), ukuba izakhiwo eziphakamileyo okanye imithi isondele kakhulu.
I-chimney ende kakhulu iya kudala umoya onamandla owomeleleyo. I-Vtaka ye-vtaka ye-vtaka iya kukhanyiswa ngoko nangoko. Ukubuyisa ngaphakathi kwi-chimney, indawo yokuhlala isetiwe. Yivali, iflethi yendlela evula ngenxa yendawo yomeleleyo yomoya kwaye ibonelela ngokufikelela kumgangatho obomeleleyo kwimowudi eyenzekelayo. Ukuba umsi usanda, ngokuchasene noko, mfutshane kakhulu, i-quast ayisonelanga. Kule meko, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufake inkqubo yokugxothwa komsi - i-fan engachanekanga enyangekileyo, enyuka emlonyeni (i-Wutage) yombhobho. I-fan enjalo iyakwenza i-vacuum eyongezelelweyo, ukwandisa i-chimney.
Umsi womsi kufuneka ube ngokuthe nkqo. Ivumelekile ukuba iphambuke ukusuka kwi-engile engaphezulu kwe-30 nge-1m ngaphezulu kwe-1m.
Akukho zidingo zokucima umlilo zinqobo ziboniswe kwii-chimneys kunebhokisi yomlilo yendawo yomlilo. Owona mgama ubuncinci "Ukuphuma" (oko kudonga lwangaphakathi lwetyhubhu yomsi) kwizinto ezivela kwizinto ezinokutsha kufuneka zibe ngama-380mm. Ngaphakathi ekuhambeni kwemibhobho kwi-oglaps, "roller" yenziwa - ukuthambisa ukusuka kwizitena, ezenziwa kwinkqubo yombhobho wokuphelelwa ngumbane. Imvume phakathi kwe "roller" izitena kunye ne-ceriling off yodwa yoboya ngoboya obuneminerali okanye ifibha ye-silica fiber.
I-chimney kufuneka ikhuselwe (ukuya kuthi ga ngoku) ngokufakelwa kobushushu bokuvezwa kwamaqondo obushushu asezantsi. Ayifanele isongelwe ebusika ukuze ivume i-quysight kwindonga engaphakathi. Kwangoko, iingxaki azinakuba kungekuphela nje ngendawo yomlilo, kodwa kunye nokunyaniseka kombhobho ngokwawo. Emva kokusebenzisa le meko, umbhobho womlilo uvaliwe ngevali ukuthintela ukuphuma komoya ofudumeleyo ukusuka egumbini.
Ukulungiselela ukuhanjiswa komlilo kunye nokugcinwa komlilo, kunye nokucoca iziko, iinkulungwane ezininzi zasetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kunye nomdla apho bami khona ngakumbi. Iincwadi zibandakanya: i-kocherga yokuqhekeza amalahle amancinci; iibhakethi kunye neebhokisi zepetroli; Iingcingo kunye nefoloko ekhethekileyo yokufundisa ukrokrela; Ibrashi kwisiphatho eside; Scoop. Izikrini zokukhusela zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela umgangatho wegumbi kwigumbi eliphuma kumalahle avuthayo. Kwakhona, izixhobo zokugcina umlilo zibandakanya imihlobiso eyahlukeneyo kunye neentsana zibekwe kwishelufa yomlilo. Owona mbongo wokuhombisa olona lungelo olukhethekileyo lomlilo.
Izixhobo
Kutshanje, ii-sandwich ezibizwa ngokuba "zesandwich" zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengento yendawo yomlilo kunye ne-chimneys. Isandwich luyilo olubandakanya imibhobho emibini yentsimbi ityalelwe omnye komnye. Umsantsa phakathi kwabo ugcwaliswa kukungqinisisa ubushushu bomlilo. Imibhobho yenziwa ngentsimbi engenasimo.
Imidlalo ye-chimneys ye-chimneys "yesandwich" inezibonelelo xa kuthelekiswa nezitena zazo. Balula kakhulu, iindonga zazo zinentlekele kakhulu. I-Kednostos kufuneka ibandakanye iindleko eziphezulu kunye nobuncinci bokuzixhasa. Oko kukuthi, "iisandwich" zifuna iinkxaso ezongeziweyo, umthwalo wangaphandle awucetyiswa. Ngaphandle kwenqanaba eliphezulu lezihlangu zobushushu, ezi chimmy zifuna (ngokwezantsi) zendlela yokhuseleko lomlilo njengezitena: Ziya kususwa kumgama ophezulu (380mm thabatha ubukhulu be-sandwich) kwaye ihleli yedwa kwi-overlaps. Oku ngamanye amaxesha "balibale" abathengisi, kodwa abahloli-mlilo bengayi-mlilo.
Izinto ezizezona zendabuko ezininzi ze-chimneys kunye nezitena. Iityholo zezona mfuno zibalulekileyo. Ukuphawula inxenye yeziko, apho ilahleko yelitye, enika ubushushu onamandla, isetyenziswa yi-chamotte ye-chamotte ye-chamotte ecikizekileyo. Iyakwazi ukumelana nobushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1200s. Indawo yomlilo, enophawu lwenkuni ye-firewood, inokusongelwa ukusuka kwizitena ezibomvu (zenzelwe amaqondo obushushu ukuya kwi-800c). Kwimeko yothando, isitena kufuneka sibe ngumgangatho ophezulu, sitshiswe kakuhle, ngaphandle kwesiphoso okanye ukungakhathali, kunye nophawu akunakwenzeka kuxhomekeka kubunzima kwi-cerimeter ngeekhilogrem ngekhilogrem nganye kwi-cemage; Kukho ii-brands ukusuka kwi-M50 ukuya kwi-M300). Isitena esitshiswe kakuhle sinombala obomvu ovuthayo, kulula ukuhlangana kwaye inike i-dazonia, iqhekeza iziqwenga ezinkulu. I-Brick ehloliweyo, ebizwa ngokuba yiZheleznyak, yahlulwe ngumnyama, phantse i-brown, kwiindawo ezikwindawo ye-vitreus. Kuyandihlala kakhulu, ngokungalunganga nangokubopha buthathaka kwisisombululo. Isitena esingabizi kakhulu, ngokuchaseneyo, sityhutyha, ukuwa, ukutyhoboza ukuya kweziqwenga ezincinci, amanzi kakuhle. Isitena somlilo kufuneka sibe nemilo ye-ractalepiped enamachaphaza acokisekileyo kunye nendawo egudileyo, ngaphandle kwe-chipping kunye nokuhamba. Ubungakanani bobuqhetse-25012062mm, izitena ze-chamotte - 2501236mm. Iimeko ezahlukileyo zinokwahluka kwabanye ngeemilimitha ezininzi: ubude-3mm, kububanzi nokuphakama, 2mm. Ukutsala iziqitha kunye nenxalenye engezantsi ye-chimney, kuyacetyiswa ukukhetha isitena esinemilinganiselo emincinci evela kubungakanani be-SIRS ukufumana eyona inkulu kakhulu kunye ne-interm mang. Phakathi kwabavelisi bezitena ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunokwenzeka ukuba bakhankanye i-Oboli, iRyazan, iBorovichi, kunye ne-Serpiavsky izityalo, kunye ne-LODIA), i-terca kunye ne-aser tes (istonia). Ixabiso eliphakathi lezitena zesikhululo seenqwelo moya eziqhelekileyo zii-ruble ezingama-7-8. ipisi; Iindleko ezingeniswayo malunga ne-aviece yedola.
Ukusetyenziswa kwesibini kwe-Brick efunyenwe emva kwezakhiwo ezivunyelweyo, kokuphazamiseka "kwe-" engaphenduli "yendawo" engenatyala "yendawo yomlilo (Isiseko, i-seasewall). Kodwa kunikezelwe kuphela ukuba izinto azonakalanga kwaye zihlanjululwe kwisisombululo sakudala. Iinxalenye ezifanayo zinokusasazeka kwizitena ezingabizi okanye ziphekwe sisitena. I-Hoble, i-SilIcote kunye neHoole Brick yokuStrike indawo yokucima umlilo ayicetyiswa.
Njengesisombululo se-binder, umxube wodongwe, isanti kunye namanzi asetyenziswayo. Kwipropathi yayo yeplastiki, izisombululo zahlulahlulwe "lukhuni", eqhelekileyo kunye namafutha. Kwi "Skinny" ngaphezulu kwepesenti yesanti, kwaye "emangalisayo", ngokuchasene noko, udongwe. Izisombululo ze-Skinny "Skinnens azinazinto eziyimfuneko, kwaye ii-rocks zisenziwa" emanqeni "ngexesha lomile. Ke ngoko, ukwenza imigca yokucima umlilo, izisombululo eziqhelekileyo zingcono. Kuyenzeka ukuba ubone umgangatho wesisombululo, esenza i-harness okanye umtya onobungqingqwa we-1-2 cm kunye nobude be-15 ukuya kwi-20 cm. Ukuba uvune xa ucocwa xa ucocwa, kodwa ucocwa, Kuthetha ukuba isisombululo "Skinny". Isisombululo esivela kwi "Fatity" soluliwe kakuhle kwaye ayiniki brocks xa iguquguqukayo. I-hares isuka kwisisombululo esiqhelekileyo ngokugoba i-rocks ezincinci, kwaye xa isolule sandiswe yi-15-20%.
Kwisisombululo, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa amanzi, udongwe kunye nentlabathi ngaphandle kokungcola, ngakumbi izinto eziphilayo, eziya kuthi kamva zibambeke phantsi kwempembelelo yamaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Intlabathi ilunge kakhulu ekuthatheni i-quartz encinci, enemikhono yedayimitha engaphezulu kwe-1 mm (incinci i-paricle, i-tiam ifunyenwe). Amanzi anqweneleka ukuba asebenzise njengokucoca, hayi gca (ukungabinayo i-calcium kunye ne-magnesium). Udongwe lusebenza ngokufanayo nokwenza izitena. Ukutsala, idongwe le-chamotte liyafuneka ukuze i-sandry ukusuka kwizitena ze-chamotte. Ukonyusa amandla esicombululo, isamente yePortland yongezwa ekubaleni i-1l ye-qubreland kwibhakethi yesisombululo.
Ukubeka indawo yomlilo
Idolophu yomlilo, njengeziko le-oveni, -Ukugqithanga ngokwaneleyo, ngokufuthi efuna isiseko esahlukileyo. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukubeka indawo yomlilo kwisixhobo samanqanaba kunye nezakhiwo zophangi, kwangoko emva kokwenziwa kweendonga ezinkulu. Iziseko zeeplanethi zomlilo kunye nemibhobho yomsi yenziwa ngezitena zentsimbi zololiwe, ilitye le-boob okanye ikhonkrithi. Ubunzulu bendawo yokubeka bugqitywe bubunzulu beli nqanaba lomhlaba. Phakathi kweziseko zesakhiwo kunye nendawo yomlilo ifuna umsantsa kwi-50-55mm izaliswe ngumhlaba. Kukwanqatshelwe kwi-bax yezi ziseko, njengoko zinokunika iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-precipitations, ezithe zahlulwa zine-rocks kwi-mandry. Ubungakanani besiseko seSiseko esikwisicwangciso kufuneka bube ngokubanzi isiseko sendawo yomlilo (imibhobho) nge-10-16 cm. Ukukhusela i-FM yaseMfazwe kwiSiseko somhlaba kwireferensi yomhlaba.Isidingo sokwakha isiseko esahlukileyo sinengxaki yokufakelwa kwendawo yomlilo kwigumbi elilungiselelwe. Kuyingenelo kwaye kulula ukuyenza ngaxeshanye nolwakhiwo lweNdlu. Ukwakhiwa kweeplani zomlilo kumgangatho ongaphezulu unqunyelwe kukuphathwa kwe-passlaps. Ngempendulo echanekileyo kulo mbuzo, nokuba ngaba ulwakhiwo lwendawo yendawo alunokwenzeka kule meko, ubalo lobunjineli bolwakhiwo lwesakhiwo luyafuneka. Indawo yokucima umlilo ifuna ukuqulunqwa kokuqala yingcali-eyakhiweyo yayo yonke inkohliso ngqo, ebonisa indawo ezinamagqabi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izinto zoyilo - amapolisa, ii-asning, njl. Ngokwe-odolo equliweyo, ungabala inani elifunekayo lezinto zokwakha. Njengomthetho, malunga newaka lezitena zenzeka kwindawo yokucima umlilo.
Ukuqaqamba kweeplanethi zomlilo zifuna ukuhambisa i-lengs yezitena kuzo zonke iindlela. Ukuqhuba lo msebenzi, ifom yeselula isetyenziswa kwiiracks ezithe nkqo. Ngaphambi kokubeka izitena kumqolo olandelayo, bakhethwa ngobukhulu kwaye kunyanzelekile ukuba bakukhangele ukunxiba kwemiqadi. I-seams kufuneka ibe mncinci kwaye izele ngokupheleleyo ngesisombululo (esibizwa ngokuba yi-suture "). Kwindawo ye-intra-procerene, i-Intracerene, i-Convex Seams ayivumelekanga, intsalela isusiwe. Kwindawo "ezingabonakaliyo" apho indawo yokukhuphela igesi inokwenzeka khona kwimithungo, zinokwenziwa "i-inlet" (hayi ngaphezulu kwe-10 mm) -Ukusebenza okungaphezulu. Amancinci kunye nokujika kwe-chimney kunye nomgaqo wegesi uvaliwe, apho izitena ziqhotyoshelwe kwifom yokujikeleza.
Zonke izinto zentsimbi (iingcango, igridi ye-grate) mayifakwe ngokubhekisele kulwandiso lwe-thermal (5-10mm szor). Ngokwahlukileyo, le ntsimbi iya kutshabalalisa i-mandry. Ngokubanzi, kunqweneleka ukusebenzisa njengamalungu ambalwa entsimbi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Kuyimfuneko ukuphelisa indawo yomlilo kwindawo yomlilo, imigangatho yentsimbi ayinakusetyenziselwa oku. Inani lezitena kwi-arch kunye nemiqolo kwi-Arch kufuneka ingaqhelekanga. I-valtus iphezulu kwaye iphantsi, ye-semi-ceng, ethambile okanye ezintathu. I-overlap ye-pieli idla ngokhonjiswe ngepakethi ekhethiweyo ekhethiweyo. Ukubeka umva kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa "izitshixo", izitena kufuneka zinike ifomu enzima okanye zinciphise imilinganiselo yazo. Ingcali ye-Harden endala iyakwazi ukwahlula isitena kulo naliphi na icala ngoncedo lwesando okanye iibhloksi; I-Wizards zanamhlanje kule nkqubo zihlala zisetyenziswa- "Bulgaria". I-Slap Brick inendawo yokusika i-moulting, ke indlela yesibini ikhetha. Ayivumelekanga ukuhlawula izitena nge-slot okanye i-spinal icala ngaphakathi kwiziko okanye i-chimney, kuba amandla obu buso asezantsi kunabanye, kwaye i-mandry iya kukhawuleza.
Izithethe zepayiphu
Uyilo lwendawo yomlilo wale mihla iyamangalisa iyantlukwano, ibonisa zonke izitayile kunye nolwakhiwo lwezikhokelo ezivela kwilitye ukuya kwiNqanaba leSithuba. Ewe kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, indawo yomlilo inxulunyaniswa nokwazi kwethu kunye ne-England yaseNgilani yaseSherlock Holmes. Ngakumbi izisombululo zoyilo olungalindelekanga zeenkosi ezivunyiweyo zendawo yokucima umlilo ye-Avere-Garde, njenge-French Garden Dreber okanye i-Dorian Hit ...
Ngokwesiko laseRussia, kubandakanya uyilo lwezixhobo ze-thales. Ziyityhubhu ecekeceke yezitena ezitshisiweyo, zigutyungelwe ngaphambili kobuso. Amanqaku esithando esikweni awajamelana nawo, njengethayile, kwaye abekwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakha-Indawo yokucima umlilo ayiyi kubahombisa. Iithayile zifakwe kwisisombululo kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe kusetyenziswa amacandelo ocingo kunye neekreyithi zensimbi. Ikhuphe i-Brick Bite ye-Brick Srick iqhelekileyo, le ndawo ikhankanywe apha ngasentla yeOboli kunye ne-Borovichysky, kunye neefektri zeJamani, amazwe e-baltic kunye ne-scandinavia. Ukongeza kokuhlobisa, iitayile zisombulule ingxaki yokuqokelelwa kwamandla ombom. Ke ngoko, ukubekwa kwesehlo sendawo yokucima umlilo kuyasetyenziswa ngokufuthi (ukuba kuziwa kwimpahla yomlilo, kwaye hayi malunga nezixhobo-iiplati zomlilo). Kuyinto efanelekileyo ngakumbi ukulungiselela le njongo yokusebenzisa izithamo ezenziwe ngenjongo ezivela kubavelisi abakhethekileyo.
Hlela i-portal eqinileyo eyenziwe kwisitayile esithile, abavelisi bothuswa ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezindululo. Okukho kuphela ubunzima ukumisela ngokuchanekileyo ubungakanani bemveliso. Uninzi lwabavelisi bezinto zokudla komlilo bavelisa ngendlela yokulungiselela-ukufaka iibhloko ezichaziweyo ngenyathelo elichazwe ngokucacileyo (ngesiqhelo i-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwe-5 ukuya kwengama-5 ukuya kwengama-5 ukuya kwengama-5 ukuya kweli-10 cm). Ukuba kukho imfuneko, inkampani iya kuba kwiPortal ye-odolo yalo naluphi na ubungakanani, kodwa iindleko zayo ziya kuba ngama-20 ukuya kwi-20% ephezulu. Ngokubanzi, ixabiso lezibuko lomlilo liyahluka kakhulu kwimida ebanzi kwaye lixhomekeke ikakhulu kwizinto ezenziwe kuzo. Yiyo loo nto, izithole zesitayile zelizwe zinokubiza i-Arval ye-Spanish, kunye nePortal yeNkampani yeNkampani yaseSpain i-Arreaga ye-onyx eshukumayo i-onxx esele ingamawaka aliwaka eedola. Ngapha koko, abanye babavelisi bethu, zonke iinkcukacha zemveliso yomlilo zenziwa ngokwemizobo yefemu zangaphandle, kodwa ezivela kwizixhobo zasekhaya kwaye zidibanisa indawo yokufaka. Kwangelo xesha, umthengi unokukhetha imodeli ngokwe-ikhathalogu kwaye abe negalelo kuyilo lotshintsho. I-Vitoga Statlish Ermysite ye-Viaper. Masithi kukho indawo entle yomlilo kwinkampani yaseFrance Devlille, iNkampani ye "Inkampani" ebiweyo "iya kubiza umthengi kwi- $ 2000-3000, kuxhomekeke kwizinto (i-Shell, njl.).
Ukuqhubeka kwencoko malunga nendawo yokugcina umlilo, siphawula ukuba i-classism, i-APR kunye nelizwe (okanye "rustic") zabelwe kwizitayile zemveli kwaye ziqondwa. Iindawo zokuqala zomlilo ezigxile kwilitye elingaziwayo. Ukulula, ukungasebenzi kakuhle, amandla anamandla "Ixesha le-Barbarism" lenza isitayile se "rustic" ithandwa kakhulu kwaye ngoku. I-Foultser Premils kulo moya iveliswa zii-Brisach kunye ne-Eurone Cheminali (iFrance), iArreaago (i-Spain), i-Itali (i-Itali). Izithambisi ziyahonjiswa ngemabula otshitshiweyo, umjelo, i-tuff, ilitye lesanti. Ezi mveliso zilula kwimveliso, kwaye ke ngoko iphantsi. Kodwa khawucinge: kunokuba ilitye lithambile, liyakhawuleza le nto inqambile yisophelo kwaye kunzima ngakumbi kuya kususa i-Sage kunye nobumdaka kuyo. Kwiimveliso zeklasikhi, iifom ezilula nezincinci zinamandla, zidityaniswe ngokuhambelana nayo. I-Wangli sfflipplacesplaces i-PATED PATED PATALS idla ngokusetyenzwa, idla ngokweenkuni zezinto ezahlukeneyo, ezininzi ezimnyama. I-portal inokuhonjiswa ngeCafenel yokuhombisa. Uphawu olubalulekileyo lwePasika yesiNgesi-umlilo, ekufuneka ubekwe kwinqanaba lokuphakama kangangokuba kufanelekile ukuba ifunde. Iziko lemililo yezixhobo zesiNgesi livulekile kwaye alivumelanga ukusetyenziswa kwee-chimneys zecandelo elincinci lomnqamlezo. Iikhampasi zeKClassic zibandakanya uninzi lweemveliso zeStovax (e-United Kingdom).
Isitayile se-Ampire sivela ngexesha le-Napoleon Bonaparte. Iiplani zokucima umlilo zenziwe imabula kwaye zahlulwe yi-Pomp. Ukuchongwa kwesibheno kwintsomi ye-antique. I-Caryotids, iikholamu, i-sphinxes, i-Griffins yangqokelela kwi-xixvek yonke iXixvek. Ezo zifakethi ziveliswa namhlanje ngu-Arriaga (Spain), ipiyaztta (i-Itali).
Izitayile zangoku zoMlilo ziyahluka kakhulu. Nantsi namhlanje, ne-ar ye-ar, kunye neteknoloji ephezulu. Idabi leyona ndawo idumileyo "yendawo efudumeleyo yomlilo" inokubangelwa nguBoley (Holland), iBordelet, iArdelet, iArkiane, ukugxila (i-forth). Abayiki bale mihla bavavanywa ngobume kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo zecebo, ukudala ngamanye amaxesha ezakhiweyo. Akusekho nto ingekhoyo iphosakeleyo kwaye ingcangcazela i-vveves "kodwa impilo"
IBhodi yokuHlela ibulela inkampani "ye-ART-TONE", "iKaminspetstroy", "KFELING", "Minkel", "AgroPork", "ukulungiselela ukulungiselela izinto.