Iimodeli zemali mboleko kunye neenkqubo. Yeyiphi imodeli ebhetele, ngawaphi amaxwebhu afunekayo ukufumana imali mboleko, indlela yokwenza isivumelwano ngokuchanekileyo.
Fumana eyakho indlu okanye unyuse indawo esele ikho, phucula umgangatho wayo, ukufudukela kwenye indawo okanye isixeko kwilizwe lethu ngoku sinokuphantse ngentengiso kunye nokuthenga intengiselwano. Ngokungacacanga, ekwakhiweni kweendlela ezinqabileyo, izixhobo zasekhaya kunye nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, amaxabiso ezindlu angahlali kuphela, kodwa qhubeka ukhula. Kwangoko, indawo yokuhlala entsha ikwimfuno enkulu kunye nokuthandwa. Kodwa thenga indlu kwisakhiwo esitsha, nokuba uza kuthengiswa, ayinguye wonke umntu okhuthazayo. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, unokuthatha imali ematyaleni phakathi kwabahlobo (ukuba kukho imali enjalo), zama ukufumana imali mboleko emsebenzini (ukuba inika imali mboleko, kodwa ikwindalo engaqhelekanga ngaphakathi entshona.
Phawula. Ngowama-594 BC. I-Solon yamandulo yamaGrike iSolon ibambe iinguqu zakhe ezidumileyo: icinyiwe amatyala ahlalayo kwaye wazisa inkululeko yokuthanda, ngenxa yokuba ipropathi eyoyikisayo yayingasafuneki ukuba ive i-genus. Oko kukuthi, Wonke umntu wafumana ilungelo lokulahla "impahla" ngokubona kwayo: ukwenza nokuyeka ityala. Phambi kweAthene, umtyala ongenakuhlawula ityala, wawa ebukhobokeni. Ukwenzela ukuguqula uxanduva lomntu, iSolon inikelwe ukubeka umntu onetyala emhlabeni (ngokufuthi kwindawo yomda) intsika enombhalo osebenza njengemali ethile. Intsika enjalo yabizwa ngokuba yimali mboleko. I-hypotedie-upup.
Iindlela zemali mboleko
Iimodeli eziphambili zokuboleka imali mboleko zimbini kuphela, nangona abantu abahlukileyo kunye nezikimu zinokuba yindawo enkulu. Imodeli elula ingunxantathu: Umthengi ngumrhwebi - umbolekisi. Umbolekisi, ungumthengi, uthatha imali mboleko kwibhanki ekhuselekileyo efunyenweyo. Ibhanki ivula i-akhawunti yokuhlala kunye nabathengisi bezindlu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuqinisekiswa kubalo xa uthenga indlu ngetyala. Umthengi ngebhanki ubalwa kunye nomthengisi kwindlu ethengiweyo kwaye afumana ilungelo lobunini, emva koko kukho imali mboleko kunye nomdla kuye ngexesha lesivumelwano. I-Aesley ayiphumeleli kumbolekisi, ke ngoko kwimali mboleko, ihluthwa indlu. Ukulula kombutho wemodeli enjalo kwenza ukuba kubekho kangako ekuphuhliseni, kwaye kumazwe aphuhlileyo kakhulu, umzekelo, e-UK, eFrance, eSpain. Ukuthandwa okukhulu kwendlela yokuhlawula imali (i-vvide yerejista yokwakhiwa kwemali) iye yaphumelela eJamani.Kuyinto enzima kakhulu yimodeli yemali emibini. Eyona nto iphambili kwizibonelelo zetyala ziza ngokungqalileyo kule ntengiso ihlelwe kwimarike yobambiso kwindlu. Imodeli esebenzayo enjalo iba kuphela ngezixhobo zemakethi yemali eyongezelelweyo nezisezantsi. Akukho mfuneko yokuba wenze ngaphandle koncedo lukaRhulumente kunye, ubuncinci, ulawulo lwayo oluninzi malunga nokukhutshwa kwezokhuseleko ezibhena kwintengiso yesibini. Imodeli yobambiso ngoku isasaza kakhulu eUnited States, ngoko ke ibizwa ngokuba i-American. Eyona nto iphambili kuyo kukuba amaxabiso emfuno ayihambelani nokuba amaxabiso kwezinye iimali mboleko zebhanki, okanye ngendleko zedipozithi.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, ukusukela esiphelweni se-Xixvek nangaphambi kovukelo, inkqubo efanayo yemali mboleko yayilungiselelwe kwaye yasebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kwiRussia. Emva kwenguquko malunga nemali mboleko, ngokwemvelo, kuye kwafuneka ndiye kulibala, thetha ngayo yaqalwa kuphela ngo-1991. Iphakheji yokuqala yeMithetho yokuTyala yamkelwa ngo-1996, kodwa kutsha nje, ekupheleni kuka-Agasti ka-2001, inkulumbuso Mikhail Kasyanov isayine imithetho yokubonelela nge-rhulumenteet. Inqwelo moya kuthetha ukuba ziya kuvela kwimarike yezokhuseleko, kwaye ukwakhiwa kwemali kwi-Murebage kuya kuqala eRussia kwimodeli yayo emigangatho emibini. Amaxabiso e-Agtum kwimali mboleko yemali mboleko iya kuhla, kwaye inani elikhulu kakhulu lamaRussia aya kuba nakho ukusebenzisa le ndawo yokuhlala yezindlu.
Inkqubo yeBhanki yeBhanki
Omnye umbolekisi oxhaphakileyo ophumeleleyo kwi-RANDINGURS SEBANDLA yi "Deltacredit", ephuhliswe yiNgxowa-mali yoTyalo-mali ye-USA. Ngokwale nkqubo, iNgxowa-mali ibonelela ngenkxaso-mali yexesha elide kwiibhanki zamaqabane aseRussia ukulungiselela ukupheliswa kwezindlu kwi-insoars kubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10. Nazi iikhrayitheriya zemali mboleko kufuneka ziguqulwe ukuze zinikelwe kwinkqubo yeNgxowa-mali:
- Elona xesha lemali mboleko yemali mboleko yemali ye-10;
- Ikhredithi (e-US) ngama-70% eendleko zezindlu, kwaye ukuba igalelo lokuqala elingaphezulu yi- $ 15,000, inokuba yi-80%; Inqanaba lenzala lirekhodwe ngokupheleleyo kwisivumelwano;
- Ixabiso lenzala kwiMali mboleko-kwiNtengiso (i-60 yokugqitywa kwesivumelwano); Ngoku ilingana ne-13-15%;
- Kwimaliboleko nganye, ubomi bombolekisi, amagumbi okuvela emngciphekweni wokulahleka, ubunini bendlu;
- Isithintelo kwintlawulo yangaphambili (siqaphela ukuba ii-moores ezinjalo ziya kuqaliswa kungekudala kwezinye iinkqubo).
Inkqubo ayinayo imfuneko enyanzelekileyo yokubhaliswa kwiMoscow okanye ubumi boMoya waseRussia, isiqinisekiso sabanye abantu asifuneki, akukho zithintelo zokukhetha indlu (ngaphandle kwepropathi) okanye impahla yokuthengisa inkampani. I-Intercom eneNkqubo "i-deltacredit", xa uthenga indlu kwintengiso yesibini, kufuneka uvavanye kwinkampani ekhethekileyo yovavanyo. Xa usenza imali mboleko yemali mboleko, ngaphandle komvuzo osemthethweni (ukulahlwa kweyona ndawo iphambili yomsebenzi), ezinye izikimu ezikwimali esemthethweni inokuthathwa njenge, umzekelo, intlawulo yeinshurensi, ukhuseleko, ukusuka kwi-Rection yokuhlala esele ikho kunye nezinye Iindidi zengeniso eziqinisekisiweyo.
Inkqubo ye-inshurensi ye-Inshurensi
I-PDK kunye ne-Cemp Ras kunye nenkxaso yenkqubo yombuso iphuhlise iNkqubo yokuHlela iSizwe "Ikamva Namhlanje". Le nkqubo iqulathe ikhontrakthi yeinshurensi yexesha elide yobomi kangangesithuba seminyaka eli-10. Xa inani leepreyisi ezihlawulelwayo lifikelela kwisithathu seendleko zokuhlala kwixesha elizayo, umthengi ufumana imali mboleko kwinkampani yeinshurensi eyimfuneko ukuthenga indlu. Kulo nyaka ukusukela kumzuzu wokuboleka kwimali mboleko, inkampani yeinshurensi ityale kwisabelo sezindlu, emva kokuba umntu obolekayo sele efumene i-inshurensi yenkampani kude kube sekupheleni kwayo yonke indawo yokuhlala I-inshurensi. Ukulungisa (ukudluliselwa kobhaliso kunye nobhaliso) kwindlu entsha, obolekayo uyaqhubeka nokuhlawula iipremiyamu zeinshurensi phantsi kwemvumelwano. Kwangelo xesha, iindleko zokunqula imali-mboleko zinikwe yena, ngokungqinelana nemigaqo yeNkqubo, ayiyi kudlula kwi-8% ngonyaka kwimali. Ke, ipropathi ikhuselekile. Ukuba umntu obolekayo akakwazi ukuhlawula, kuyakhutshwa, kwaye igumbi luthengiswayo. Umthengi ubuyisela igalelo lokuqala kunye neentlawulo ezilandelayo thabatha iindleko zenkampani, ixabiso lokuhla kwexabiso, njl. (kwimibono).Inzuzo yenkqubo kwimali yenzala ephantsi yemali kwimali mboleko (kwi-vbav moloting modeli iphantse yajijiswa ngaphezulu). Kukho obolekayo kunye neziqinisekiso ezithile zentlalontle. Nokuba kunjalo, ngaso nasiphi na imvakalo-mali, nendlu yakhe, igumbi lakhe liba ngumnini wenkampani yeinshurensi, ngokungqinelana nomthetho ophilayo, lubonelelwa kwindawo yokuhlala kwiNgxowa-mali yeNdawo yoMasipala.
Kwimeko yokwenzeka komsitho we-inshurensi (Ukufa, ukukhubazeka, ukukhubazeka, ukonakalisa izindlu ezingumbungu), inkampani yeinshurensi ngokwayo ihlawula ityala lemboleko kunye neentlawulo ezithile. I-brake enzulu ekuphunyezweni nasekuphuhlisweni kwale nkqubo eMoscow - ukuthintela obolekayo ekukhetheni izindlu, oko kukuthi, ekukhetheni indawo kunye nohlobo oluthile lwendawo. Kodwa kwizixeko zengingqi le ngxaki ayikho.
Iinkqubo zemali mboleko "kunye" nezindlu ngetyala "
Inkqubo yeNkqubo yokuLungelelwanisa "iphuhliswe ziingcali zenyukliya zikaSarov. Kwiminyaka emibini, wavavanywa kwizixeko ezine: ISarov NovgoroD), Ryazan, Peza noZarechny (Peza.). Emva kwale mizi, le mizi yahlukile kakhulu ngenani labahlali (ngaphezulu kwama-600 amawaka abahlali kwiPuna kunye ne-64 yamawaka), ingeniso ecetywayo yokufumana indlu kuyo yonke iguqukile Yiba nomtsalane kwaye ufikelelekile. Ngoku inkqubo "yenkqubo" yaziswa kwii-rugree yaseRussia, kubandakanya i-moscow, i-vologod, i-vologo, i-vologa, i-gozanskaya, i-nuzhny novutsk. Isiphumo sokusetyenziswa okuphumelelayo kwale nkqubo yayiyindalo yenkqubo ye-Federal "yezindlu ngetyala".
"Izindlu ngetyala" zinezinto ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo. Eyokuqala kwezi nto ithengiswa ngendleko, kuba iNgxowa-mali, engumbutho ongengorhwebo, ongenanjongo yokwenza izinto ekwenzeni ulawulo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo. Inxalenye yentlawulo yentlawulo yendlu ethengelweyo ibonelelwa phantsi kwepesenti ephantsi (5-10% ngonyaka), kwaye ixesha layo lokuhlawula liminyaka eli-7 ukuya kweli-15. Ubungakanani obuninzi bemali mboleko bugqityiwe yingeniso yenyanga yabathengi. Enye into iphantsi, kodwa ubuncinci yi-10% yeendleko zendlu ethengiweyo, intlawulo yokuqala eyimfuneko. Le nkqubo inemeko ejolise ekuhlaleni kwaye yenzelwe abemi abanobungakanani bendawo iyonke ilungu ngalinye aligqithanga kwimilinganiselo yentlalo, kunye nezo zinemfuno zokuphucula iimeko zendlu kwaye ziquka ngokumalunga noku.
Iintlawulo ngokufakelwa zenziwa izabelo zenyanga, zenziwa izabelo ezilinganayo nezexeshana kunye nexesha elimiselweyo elisekwe yimithetho yentengiso yetyala. Ubungakanani bentlawulo egunyazisiweyo yenyanga yokuhlawula inyanga nenyanga yokuhlawula imali akufuneki idlule kwi-20% yengeniso yosapho ephangelayo. Utshintsho kwixabiso lenzala lubhekisa kubuchule obukhethekileyo beBhodi yeTrasti yesiseko. Ukuzalisekiswa kwezibophelelo phantsi kwemvumelwano kuqinisekisiwe ngesitshixo sobumi bommi kwaye ungashukumi kwepropathi, isiqinisekiso sobomi kunye nezinye iindlela, kunye nezinye iindlela.
Le nkqubo ibonelela ngokufunyanwa kwezindlu ezi-4: Ukuthenga nge-fakevements kwaye unikezele ngendlu yakho kwintlawulo efunyenweyo; ukuthenga ngefakelo ngaphandle kokubeka indawo yakho; Ukuthenga ngaphandle kokuqaliswa kwendlu yakho ukuya kwintlawulo yendlu ethengiweyo kunye nokuthenga izindlu ngaphandle kokufakwa ngaphandle kwendlu yakho. Iikhrayitheriya ezichaza ukulandelelana kwabafaki-zicelo, okulandelayo: Ilungelo lokuzimisela ukuthenga izindlu ngevelisi lonwatyiwe ngumenzi wesicelo odinga imali encinci ebonelelwe ngetyala; Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezilinganayo, umntu othengisa izindlu zakhe yinzuzo kwi-dirigion yokuqala, isetyenziswa inzuzo. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezilinganayo, kwiinqobo zokuqala nezezesibini, zinikezelwa ukuba zinomhla ongaphambili wobhaliso kwizintlu zokuphuculwa kweemfuno zezindlu.
Ulwakhiwo lweMoscow kunye nolondolozo
I-OjSC "yokonga i-Sviers ye-OjSC" (SSC) yasungulwa ngo-1998. Ummiselo worhulumente waseMoscow N896. Umsunguli wakhe liSebe lePropati kaMasipala waseMoscow. I-SSC isebenza kwisakhelo esiqhutywa kwiSithili saseNtshona kwiSithili saseNtshona kwisiphumo esibanzi sendawo yokuhlala esidala esisiseko sokuzibandakanya kwabahlali abafuna ukufumana iZindlu ezicetywayo. Yimodeli ye-SSC, ngokweengcali, inokuba yeyona ndlela ithembisayo yokuboleka ukwakhiwa nokufumana izindlu ngexesha lokuqulunqwa kweMoscow kunye nokubanjwa kweRoma.Abantu ababhaliswa ngokusisigxina eMoscow kunye nengingqi yeMoscow, ehlawula igalelo lokuqala le-5% yexabiso lezindlu, linokugcina indawo ethile kwelinye lamazwe eyunivesithi nasezinyanga ezili-14-16 ) Ukwenza isabelo esingalinganiyo kwi-45% yeendleko. Emva koko, igumbi lemali mboleko yempahla yentengiso yenziwa kwipropathi ye-Devied kwi-ofisi epheleleyo yemali mboleko yepesenti engamashumi amahlanu eminyaka phantsi kwe-8% ngonyaka. Ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo kubalwa iminyaka emihlanu kwaye kubandakanya amanqanaba amahlanu. Inxalenye yokwakha yokuqala yaqala ekuqaleni kuka-1989, xa igosa elilele kwilitye lokuqala kwilitye lokuqala kwi-Lobachevsky Streett Street, iBrownv.4 yenzekile. Kwiminyaka nje emi-5 ukuya kwi-73ga, kwi-530 yamawaka. I-M2 yezindlu kufuneka yakhiwe, kwaye abaphathi abangama-3 bayadilizwa, kwaye abahlali bawo baphinde babuyisiwe kumakhaya amatsha. Ngoku uphela ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezisibhozo zokuhlala eziphakamileyo. Amagumbi abasixhenxe kuzo ama-umuscovtes anokuthenga ngokweskimu se-SCC. Ezi zizindlu ze-monolithic ze-monolithic ezinesakhiwo esiphuculweyo, phalelani ophezulu kunye nendawo enkulu yamagumbi. Ekugqibeleni, izidumbu ezisibhozo ziya kususa abemi bezakhiwo ezinamashumi emihlanu eziya kupheliswa.
Ngokusekwe kumava eminyaka emibini yomsebenzi, iSSC kwiSithili saseNtshona imenza umxholo wemodeli yeSixeko, ebonelela ngokwahlula kwemisebenzi yeSixeko kunye nemibutho ye-SCRC.
Ukuze sisebenze ngempumelelo, sidinga i-database yolwazi enye, inkqubo yokulawula ingqongqo, umgaqo-nkqubo wamaxabiso aguqukayo kunye nokuxhasa ngemali ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo. Konke oku kuthetha ukudalwa kwe-SCC yeSixeko, kubandakanya kwaNdlunkulu kunye nee-ofisi zendawo kwizithili, eziya kuthi zikhule kakhulu isiseko semali mboleko kwaye sitsalele iqela elongezelelweyo labatyali. Ngenxa yokondwendwela isebe le-SSC eliza ekhayeni lakhe, umthengi onokubakho uya kuba nakho ukukhetha indlu kuye naphi na eMoscow, ukufumana ingcebiso eyimfuneko kwaye kuqhutywa onke amaxwebhu afunekayo.
Ubambiswano oluSetyenzisiweyo malunga nokholo
Ezi nkolelo aziqhelananga kakuhle nabemi bekomkhulu. Ke masiqale ngenkqubo-sikhokelo yomthetho. Umxholo, inkqubo yokuqulunqwa, imisebenzi kunye nokupheliswa kwentsebenziswano kholo (i-comdays) ilawulwa yikhowudi yoluntu (i-ART. 82-86). Ubambiswano lwenziwa kwaye lusebenza ngesiseko soMgaqo-nkqubo woMmandla. Ukulawula imisebenzi yenziwa ngamaqabane apheleleyo. Iidiphozithi (ii-command) azinalungelo elinganikwanga nje kuphela ekuthatheni inxaxheba kulawulo nasekuqhubeni iimeko, kodwa zicela umngeni kwizenzo ezigqibeleleyo zolawulo kunye nokuziphatha kweMicimbi yeNtsebenziswano. Igalelo kubuhlakani bokholo lunegalelo lokwabelana ngemali, eqinisekiswe ngesatifikethi sokuthatha inxaxheba (isatifikethi se-Depositor). Amalungelo edipozithi azimiselwe sisivumelwano semimandla (isivumelwano sedipozithi) kunye nomthetho osebenzayo.
Ubambiswano lokuqala eMoscow elukholweni "DSC-1 nenkampani" yadalwa ngoMeyi 1997. Eli nyathelo le-JSC DSSC N1 njengomthathi-nxaxheba kwiprojekthi yokulinga kwimodeli eboleka kurhulumente waseMoscow. Septemba 13, 2001, iKomiti Yesibini yavela kwiKomiti yesibini, i-CO .. Kudala i-CO. Okokuqala, ukuchaza ukuba i-comrade epheleleyo (umsunguli) okanye amaqabane (ukuba kukho abasunguli abaliqela) ekungaphumlweni kwazo zonke iipropathi, hayi ngemali egunyazisiweyo. "I-DSC-1 kunye ne Inkampani ", umzekelo, le yi-4 ye-GBC, i-5 -ined kunye nemveliso kunye neeofisi zezobugcisa. Ixabiso lepropathi lingaphezulu kobungakanani obukhulu bemali enkulu. Ke inguqulelo yePiramidi yezeMali kwimeko yentsebenziswano eMphantyile ayidlulanga. I-Acrome yale nto, xa igalelo kwintsebenziswano eMthethweni, unokugcina imali kwiakhawunti ixesha elide. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, umthengi uthemba ubuhlakani bakhe, echaza le njongo (ngonyaka okanye kwi-5 ukuya kwi-5 ukuya kwi-5 ukuya kwi-5 ukuya kwi-10) ukuthenga indlu entsha.
Intsebenziswano eMthethweni ayizibeki naziphi na izithintelo kubathathi-nxaxheba kwinani lediphozithi, inkqubo kunye nexabiso leentlawulo. Ngokwenza isixa sokuqala, umthengi unokudibanisa rhoqo imali entsha, eqokelela kwiakhawunti de iqhina lihlangane ukuthenga indlu. Ukongeza, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimali ekwakhiweni kwezindlu, i-Depositor ifumana inxalenye yenzuzo evela kwintengiso yamagumbi. Ukuba umxhasi ucinge ngokuthenga indlu, i-PAI yakhe kwaye inzuzo eqokelelweyo iya kudweliswa kwiakhawunti yakhe ngexesha leentsuku ezingama-20BAK.
Ukususela ngoJanuwari 1, 2001. Inxalenye yesibini yeCodexarf, ethi (iNqaku le-2220 "ukubolwa kweRhafu") (iNqaku lePropathi leThembathisi ") Abemi be-moverging") Abemi abangayithengiyo irhafu ejolise kwizindlu ungagqithi i-600 ye-ruble yamawaka. (malunga ne-20 lamawaka i-idola). I-ASAMI ichaza ijolise ekubuyiseleni inzala kwimali mboleko yemali isuselwa kwirhafu. Ukuncitshiswa kwerhafu kwesi sibonelelo kunokwenziwa kude kusetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo.
Abemi abafake intsebenziswano eMthethweni ukuze baqokelele imali kwaye bafumane izahlulo zesiseko semali kunye nezoqoqosho zombutho, zomele imvumelwano yegalelo, ecacisa inkqubo ye-Devieter Gostant Grathing kunye nokufumana i-A Idiphozithi yemali (iinkuni), ukufumana izahlulelo kweziphumo zonyaka-mali (iinkuni), ixesha lekhontrakthi kunye nenkqubo yenkqubo, kunye nesivumelwano senkqubo kwi ukuthenga okungaphezulu kwendlu. Isivumelwano senkqubo yokuqokelelwa kwegalelo elichaza iinjongo zamaqela malunga nexesha kunye nesayizi yolondolozo kunye nokubakho kwezaphulelo xa uthenga indlu. Umzekelo womzekelo uza kunika iimeko eziphambili zokuthengwa kwendlu ngetyala (ukufuna intlawulo kunye nesibambiso sepropathi) kwintsebenziswano ye-Coudeter ye-Commate esele ikhankanyiweyo "DS-1 nenkampani". Ubungakanani begalelo lokuqala leepesenti ezingama-30 zexabiso lilonke lendlu; intlawulo yokufaka-ukuya kwi-10let; Isixa semifanekiso ixhomekeke kubomi benkonzo kunye nenani lomrhumo wokuqala; amazinga enzala akukho ngaphezulu kwe-10% ngonyaka; Amagumbi anikezelwa kuphela kubahlali baseMoscow kunye nengingqi yeMoscow evela kwingxowa mali yezindlu ngentsebenziswano; I-Solvency yomthengi iqinisekiswa ngokubonelelwa ngamaxwebhu afanelekileyo. Xa ujonga ukuthengwa kwamagumbi ngetyala ngentlawulo yokufakelwa yimvumelwano ehambelana netyala kwityala kunye nesibambiso sepropathi, ngelixa igumbi lokuthengisa libe yintshutshiso kude kube yinzaliseko yomthengi kude kube yinzaliseko yomthengi kude kube yinzaliseko yomthengi kude kube yinzaliseko yomthengi kude kube yinzaliseko yomthengi kude kube yinzaliseko yomthengi kude kube yinzaliseko yomthengi kude kube yinzaliseko yomthengi kude kube yinzaliseko yomthengi kude kube yinzaliseko yomthengi kude kube yinzaliseko yomthengi kude kube yinzaliseko yomthengi kude kube yinzaliseko yomthengi kude kube yinzaliseko yomthengi kude kube yinzaliseko yomthengi kude kube yinzaliseko yomthengi kude kube ngoku igcwaliseke ngokupheleleyo ngemvumelwano.
Ewe, ukuba unengeniso ephezulu "engekho semthethweni, unokunikwa ukhetho lweenkqubo eziliqela" ze-quasi-nkqonks ". Njengomthetho, bahluke kakhulu kwizinto, kodwa umbono osisiseko yile: Umthengi ukhetha igumbi, uhlawula i-50% yeendleko zayo kunye neendleko zayo kwaye zininzi. Emva koko, uhlawula ukuqesha, oko kukuthi, indawo engafakwanga yeendleko zegumbi yahlulahlulwe zangama-24 kwiinyanga ezilinganayo. Inzala yenzala ye-10-13% ngonyaka kwimali. Emva kokubuyisa imali mboleko, indlu iqhutywa kumthengi.
Yintoni uMfuno oManyano olungcono?
Oku kunokubonakala ngathi kukuthandabuza, kodwa kumthengi, iskimu seAmerica sikhethekile. Ubuncinci ngenxa yezizathu ezintathu. Okokuqala, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane imali mboleko mali yokufumana nayiphi na indlu, ngelixa, umzekelo, ngokokuKhetho lwe-SSC, ukhetho lubekelwe iofisi yebhokisi yokwakha kunye ne-SAVIDS. Iingxowa-mali zokwenyani zenza ukuba kuthatha inxaxheba kwimali mboleko yokufumana indlu emarikeni, hayi kwi-SSC esekwe kwaye ihlala inamaxabiso aphezulu. Kodwa, mhlawumbi, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kuhlobo lwaseMelika lwexesha lokuboleka. I-WMOSKO, njengoko sele ikhankanyiwe, imali mboleko ikhutshelwe iminyaka eli-10, kwaye ngokwesikimu se-SCC, obolekayo kufuneka ahlawule iminyaka emi-3, awonabuninzi. Ayisiyo indima yokugqibela idlalwa yinto yokuba kwisikimu sase-US, obolekayo unelungelo lokulahla ityala lakhe: Ngokucacileyo, imali mboleko entsha ngokubeka ityala. (I-Unines, iyinyani, imisebenzi enjalo ayiqhelekanga.) Akukho ssk yezinto ezinokwenzeka: Ndithenge igumbi, akunakwenzeka ukuyithengisa kude kube kuhlawulwe onke amatyala amatyala. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwazo zonke iintsilelo, i-Sygic elula yokubolekisa abathathi-nxaxheba abangabambizi basaqondakala ngakumbi, befikeleleka kwaye babiza ixabiso eliphantsi.Iingcinga ezifihlakeleyo zikhwaza
Ukuthatha isigqibo malunga nokufumana imali mboleko yokubambisa, kungcono ukuluxabisa ngokufanelekileyo amandla ayo kwangaphambili. Ukwenza oku, sicebisa ukuba uphendule imibuzo elishumi.
Nye. Ngaba unayo imali eyaneleyo yokuhlawula umrhumo wokuqala (ihlala ingama-30% yeendleko zendlu ethengiweyo)?
2. Ngaba unayo nayiphi na imali yokuhlawula iindleko ezinxulumene nokuthengwa kwentengiselwano yokuthengisa iindlu? Le yi-1.5% yeendleko zesatifikethi semvumelwano yemvumelwano yemvumelwano yemvumelwano kwi-GBD, intlawulo enokubakho ebhankini kwisivumelwano semali mboleko kunye nentlawulo ye-inshurensi kwisiphelo Iimvumelwano zeinshurensi (obolekayo ngendleko zalo kufuneka zinyanzelise ubomi bakhe kunye nokukhubazeka, zifunyenwe ipropathi, impahla yokulahleka kobunini (isihloko). Isishwankathelo Ezi ntlawulo zinokususela kwi-1.5 ukuya kwi-5% ngonyaka.
3. Ngaba unayo imali eyaneleyo yokugcina inqanaba elifanelekileyo losapho emva kwentlawulo yenyanga ukubuyisela imali mboleko kwaye uhlawule inzala kuyo? Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ezi ntlawulo zinokufikelela kwiipesenti ezingama-35 zemali yengeniso yosapho ekhulayo.
ezine. Ngaba unawo amava omsebenzi okuqhubekayo kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo? I-Aesley yayigxothwa kwaye iphule emsebenzini, ubacacisa njani?
Ntlanu. Uvavanya njani uzinzo lwesikhundla sakho kunye nengeniso kule minyaka mibini ilandelayo?
6. Ngaba ngemeko yokuphulukana nomsebenzi ufumana enye ngentlawulo ingaphantsi kowengaphambili, oko kukuthi, ukubuyisela inyibiliko yakho?
7. Ngaba ukhe wafaka iimali mboleko okanye iimboleko-mboleko nokuba zibabuyisele ngexesha elifanelekileyo? Ngaba usebenzisa amakhadi etyala? Ngamanye amagama, ngaba unayo imbali yokuthenga ngetyala?
Sibhozo. Ngaba uhlawula iinkonzo zokusetyenziswa, umnxeba, umbane, njl.
Thoba. Ngaba unayo ipropathi eshukumayo okanye engashukumiyo (enye indlu, indlu yelizwe, njl.njl), ingaba sisiqinisekiso esongezelelweyo sokungakhathali kwakho?
10. Ngaba unokubonelela njengesiQinisekiso esongezelelweyo seQumrhu Elisemthethweni, njengoMqeshi, isiqinisekiso sebhanki okanye into enje?
Cinga ukuba ngamanye amaxesha uya kuzifumana ungakwazi ukufezekisa imbophelelo yakho ukuze ihlawule imali mboleko yokuthenga igumbi lokuhlawula kwaye uhlawule inzala ukuba igumbi elikufakweyo ngokuhambelana nomthetho okhoyo ngoku ngenxa yoko, iya kuthengiswa, kwaye wena nonke niphila nawe bagxothwa kwezi zindlu. Ewe, kwanasemva kokuthengiswa kwendlu ngemali ebuyiselweyo ukuze kuhlawulwe iimbophelelo phantsi kwesivumelwano semali mboleko ngekhe sanele, umbolekisi unokuzoba isohlwayo kunye nenye yepropathi yakho. Thatha imali ibe ngamatyala, ungazithembi ukuba ubuyisele ngexesha kwaye ngokupheleleyo, ngokumangalisayo.
Ukuba uphendule yonke le mibuzo ngokuqinisekileyo, uya kuba nakho ukuvavanya ubungakanani obuninzi bemali mboleko onokuzithemba. Kwisininzi esikhulu sendawo ye-Intanethi esibonelela ngemali mboleko, kukho ikharethi ye-Intanethi ese-intanethi, esenza idatha kwingeniso yayo, umntu unokuchonga eyona mali ifikelelekileyo kwimali mboleko yakho.
Ngawaphi amaxwebhu afunekayo
Inkqubo yokufumana imali mboleko mali inzima kwaye ide. Okokuqala, ebhekisa kuwo nawuphi na umbutho obonelela ngenkonzo enjalo, kuya kufuneka ugcwalise isicelo senkcazo kubalobongo bezindlu kwaye uqhoboshela inani elininzi lamaphepha kwisiseko sokubandakanya wena Kuluhlu lwabafakizicelo kule mboleko. Uluhlu lwamaxwebhu lukhulu kwaye alifani ngokuchanekileyo kwiifemu ezahlukeneyo. Ingafumaneka kwi-Intanethi.Into yokuqala iya kufunwa iikopi zeepasipoti (onke amaphepha) kuphela obonwabileyo, kodwa nabo bonke abantu abangaphili naye, kunye nabo bangaphili ukuba bapeliwe kwenye indawo. Uyakufuneka: Ikopi yesatifikethi sokunika umbolekisi kwinn, ikopi yoxwebhu esisiseko sokubhalisa indawo yokuhlala isigxina sombolekisi, ikopi yeqela. Ukongeza, amaxwebhu aqinisekisa imeko yakho yomtshato, impilo kunye nolwazi malunga nengqesho kunye nengeniso ziya kufuneka. Kuya kuba yimfuneko ukubonelela ngolwazi kunye nezinye izinto zexabiso ukuba zikhona. Amanye amaxwebhu anokucelwa. Ukuqwalaselwa kwegama lemidlelo yemibuzo yesicelo ihlala isusela kwiveki e-2 ukuya kwi-1 inyanga. Ukuba kwenziwa isigqibo esifanelekileyo, uya kunikwa ukuqokelela amaxwebhu ongezelelweyo okungena kwisivumelwano semboleko mali. Uluhlu lwabo luya kunikwa kwinkampani ebonelela ngemali mboleko.
Nge-2 kaFebruwari walo nyaka, umthetho wobuntu wamkelwa eRussia, owenza utshintsho kunye nokongezwa kumthetho osele usebenzela "Oprpotek". Ngoku kuyacetyiswa ukuba i-"yendlu yokuhlala ifunyenwe okanye yakhiwe ngokusebenzisa imali mboleko yebhanki okanye elinye iZiko letyala lithathwa njengelifakwe kumhla wobhaliso lukarhulumente." Ukucaciswa kwenziwa kwinqaku lama-54, ukukhusela umbolekisi kumntu ongenguye ongenantlonelo okanye ongenabulungisa ovuma ukusetyenziswa rhoqo ngeentlawulo. Iziko letyala lakwazi ukufuna ukuzaliseka ngokupheleleyo kwezibophelelo, hayi ukubuyisa kwetyala langoku. Isibheno sendawo yokuhlala, sifunyenwe okanye sakhiwe phantsi kwesivumelwano semali mboleko yokuqinisekisa ukubuyiselwa kwemali mboleko yebhanki, sisiseko sokuphelisa ilungelo lokusebenzisa i-Peledger kunye namalungu osapho lwentsapho. Ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kwizindlu ezimbintwa "kunokwenzeka ukuba zombini igwetyiwe kunye nendlela eyongezelelweyo." Isakhiwo sokuhlala okanye igumbi, elibekwe phantsi kwesivumelwano sokuboleka kwaye sitsaleleka ekufumaneni kwakhona, siphunyezwa ngokuthengisa ngokurhweba kwi-audition okanye kukhuphiswano. " Uhlelo olutsha lwesiqendu 2 lwenqaku lesi-78 lukhusela imibutho ekhuthazayo evela kubabolekisi abanganyanisekanga abayekelela kwizivumelwano zemali emva kokuzibophelela kwendlu okanye indawo yokuhlala. Isicatshulwa senqaku lama-78 khange sivumele ukusombulula umba wokugxothwa kwabo.
Kunye nabagadilili kunye nabagcini bendawo yokuhlala ngoku banelungelo lokuvumelana nabameli babantwana okanye amalungu osapho anokungakwazi ukuthotyelwa kwizakhiwo zokuhlala ezihlala kuzo ukuba amalungelo abo akhuselekile kwaye iimfuno ezikhuselekile ngumthetho. Imvume enjalo mayingeniswe kumenzi-sicelo ngokubhala ngexesha leentsuku ezingamashumi amathathu, kwaye ukwala kwilizwe lemvume kufuneka kukhuthazwe. Umenzi-sicelo "unelungelo lokucela umngeni kwisigqibo solondolozo kunye namaqumrhu olondolozo enkundleni."
Ungasenza njani isivumelwano sobambiso
Qaphela ukuba isivumelwano semali mboleko, ngokobugcisa. I-339 yeKhowudi ye-Russian Federation iphantsi kwesatifikethi esinyanzelekileyo kunye nobhaliso lukarhulumente. Ukusilela ekuthobeleni inye yezi mfuno kuyayenza ingasebenzi. Imeko eqondakalayo kunye nokupheliswa kwesivumelwano sokuqala kwimali mboleko. Okwangoku kukho ukungangqinelani okuthile kwisicelo sobhaliso lukarhulumente olunyanzelekileyo. Iqela lesoda, isivumelwano sokuqala kufuneka sigqitywe kwifom esekwe kwimvumelwano ephambili (i-429 yekhowudi yaseburhulumenteni yeRussia), kwaye enye, isivumelwano sokuqala asikhokeleli kwinguqu yamalungelo epropathi kwaye, Ngokuhambelana, ayisiyiyo intengiselwano yepropathi yezakhiwo, kwaye ke ubhaliso likarhulumente onyanzelekileyo aludingi. Kodwa ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, isivumelwano sokuqala sokuboleka siphantsi kwesiqinisekiso esinyanzelekileyo (inqaku le-18, 163,165, 339, 439 GKRF). Xa uqukumbela izivumelwano zemali mboleko, umbuzo wokuba kunokwenzeka kwisigqibo sabo sihambelana nomsitho wokuba isihloko sesibambiso asikaze sithengiwe okanye singangeniswa ngumqeshisi. Ngoku, umthetho wobumbano "I-Obijotek" yavumela isithembiso sento engafakwanga ngayo.
Ngokwenqaku lama-339 GKRF kunye nenqaku lenqaku le-9-Fentral Fentral Ferapof ", kwisivumelwano semboleko mali kufuneka sibonisa:
- Amaqela kwisivumelwano; Kwangelo xesha, kwakungekhethwe ngokukodwa ukuba ikhontrakthi ayivumelekanga ukuba igqibe kwelokuba ifumane imali yendawo yokuhlala kwipropathi yommi ngamnye ngummeli (umhlathi weSiqendu 64 womthetho ");
- Isibophelelo esibonelelwe yimali mboleko, sibonisa inani laso, isiseko sesehlo kunye nexesha lokuphunyezwa; Ukuba isibophelelo sisekwe kwimvumelwano, kuyimfuneko ukuchaza amaqela ayo, umhla nendawo yesiphelo;
- Mortgage into: Inkcazelo yenjongosenzi indawo, kwanele ukuba oko (igama, indawo, injongo, iimpawu);
- Ilungelo le-Turvagor kwiNdawo yeZakhiwo zeLizwe kunye negama loMthetho oGunyaziwe, oko kukuthi, isivumelwano sepropathi sivela kuphela emva kobhaliso lukarhulumente kuphela lwamalungelo e-Peledger (ipropathi, ukuqeshisa) kwipropathi phantsi kwepropathi phantsi uphando;
- Ukuba amalungelo okutyibilika aqinisekiswe yimali mboleko, kufuneka icaciswe;
- Uvavanyo (ixabiso) lwento ebambimali kwimigaqo yemali (ngamaxabiso entengiso);
- Inkqubo yokubuyiselwa kwesi sithembiso (ngesigqibo senkundla okanye isivumelwano sabaphathi bamaqela);
- Kwisivumelwano sedipozithi yeNdlu, izakhiwo, izakhiwo kufuneka ziboniswe ngasekunene kwepileger kwi-Pletger yecandelo lemihlaba elihlalwa ngumhlaba, kunye nokubonelelwa kwisithembiso sale ndawo (iqeshiwe) okanye icandelo eliyimfuneko lokusebenzisa into, kuba kungenjalo isivumelwano semboleko-mali siya kuqwalaselwa njengengasebenzi (i-ART. 340 yekhowudi yaseburhulumenteni yeRussian Federation);
- Ukuba ikhontrakthi ayisenzi isikhundla esahlukileyo, i-pingger inelungelo lokulahla isibambiso, kubandakanya ukwahlukanisa nokudlulisela kwidipozithi elandelayo, imvume kuphela ngemvume yesithembiso.
Ukuba ipropathi engashukumiyo ikwi-jikelele yobukhulu becala, ifuna imvume ebhaliweyo kwimvumelwano yeyodwa, kwaye ukuba iyonke, kwaye iyonke iyonke, le mvume ayifuneki (inqaku lesi-7 loMthetho "). Imvume yokuboleka kwepropathi enelungelo lobunini bamaqabane, ukusuka kwelinye iqabane, kufuneka lube lolunye umlingane, kufuneka lube lomhlathi (umhlathi 3 wenqaku.35 lweCocecarf yosapho). Ukuba into ebambisekweni yindawo yokuhlala enendawo yokuhlala abantu abancinci, abanakho ukulinganiselwa okanye abangacimiyo, emva koko imvume ebhaliweyo iyacelwa ukuba iqhubeke nokusebenza komlondolozi kunye neGunya leGunya (P.5 yeNqanaba 74 loMthetho ") .
I-Inshurensi yonke ingozi kwaye ilala ngokuzolileyo
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imigangatho yeinshurensi ye-inshurensi iphakamisa umanyano kunye nobunzima, ekusebenzeni, iinkampani ezikhutshelweyo kunye neenkampani zeinshurensi ngokwazo zichongiwe. Njengommiselo, ukubolejiswa kwemali kwimali mboleko inesivumelwano ngokubanzi ngentsebenziswano nenkampani yeinshurensi, ebonelela ngoluhlu olupheleleyo lweenkonzo zeinshurensi kwimisebenzi yemali mboleko. Ukusuka kuluhlu olubanzi lwengozi ezinokubakho, ezi-3-4 kakhulu zikhethwe. Kwangelo xesha, amazinga e-inshurensi ancitshiswa, kwaye iinkonzo ze-inshurensi zidlula ngumbolekisi ongaphezulu kwe-3-5% ngonyaka kwimali mboleko.
Into kuphela ekufuneka yenziwe i-insured kukunyanzelwa yindawo yokuhlala yobutyebi belifa lobolekayo (umzekelo, igumbi). I-inshurensi kwiseti yemingcipheko emiselweyo. Emva kokubekwa komsitho we-inshurensi, uxanduva lwe-inshurensi lubandakanya inkxaso-mali yomsebenzi wokubuyiselwa. Imvumelwano yeinshurensi isebenza ngexesha lonke ixesha lemali mboleko. Umxhamli kwimvumelwano yibhanki yetyala. Isixa seinshurensi silingana nemali mboleko efunyenwe ngomdla, kwaye i-inshurensi ye-inshurensi imalunga ne-0.6-3% yemali mboleko mali.
Ukuba igumbi lithengwe kwimarike yesibini, umbuzo wokucoceka kwezomthetho wepropathi ethengiweyo ijongene nobubanzi obukhethekileyo. Ukumamela ukungabinamali kwangaphambili okanye ukwaphulwa kwenkqubo ye-PRENALE, zonke iitransekshini ezilandelayo zirhoxisiwe kwaye iBhanki ebolekayo enemingcipheko yokuphucula okungathandekiyo kuhlala ngaphandle kwepropathi. I-Inshurensi yesihloko inyusa iindleko zemali mboleko yemali mboleko yomyinge we-1%, nangona inokuhlala iphantsi (i-0.5%) nangaphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3-3.5%). Xa uthenga izindlu "eziphambili", umngcipheko woyilo olungachanekanga lwentengiselwano iphantsi kakhulu, kodwa inokwenzeka. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-inshurensi ekuqukunjelwe kwinkalo yemvumelwano yobambiso. Umthengi, njengomthengi kunye nommi, unoxanduva lokwenza omnye abemi (abamelwane bawo) ngomonakalo onokubangela ipropathi (umlilo, izikhukula, njl njl.).
Lo ngumbolekisi obambisi baseRussia ngoku. Imali mboleko yemali mboleko ifumaneka kancinci. Kodwa ukukhetha ezintsha kuyavela, kwamkelekile ngakumbi kubemi bethu.