Ingaphakathi leJapan yangaphakathi ichaphazela isandi sanamhlanje. Yintoni eyenza ukuba le ndlela ifaneleke?
Ukudityaniswa kweRattan kunye ne-bamboo kusizisa kwindalo kwaye baphembelela ukunxanelwa "kokucoceka kwendalo." Iingcango ezisongelweyo ezenziwe nge-slats-enye uhlobo lokungahlukaniswa. Badibanisa umgaqo-siseko we-shirma, kodwa ngokungafaniyo ne-tirtic, njengoko kunjalo ukwahlula
Ukunxiba kunye ne-inlay ebonisa enye yendawo yemveli ye-Japan
Ukudityaniswa kwesikrini kunye neenwele ezinomhlobiso weqonga kwiJapan evelisa imifanekiso ye-Shitil. Nangona kunjalo, ifashoni kwisitayile saseJapan yabangela imifanekiso emitsha ebomini, ngamanye amaxesha i-Aven-garga
Iifom ze-geometrism engqongqo kunye neendlela zazisa kwisigqibo se-Inter yaseJapan-
IZibhalo, Indalo kule mihla, igcina amaxabiso emveli nakwiplastiki yeplastiki. I-Inter Primior ikwazile ukubopha indawo enye yemifanekiso egqityiweyo, ivolumu kunye nemibongo yesitayile
Impembelelo yesiko laseJapan livakalelwa kwiinqwelomoya ezinkulu zesifuba
Imifanekiso ye-Japaner yangaphakathi idityaniswe kwimigca ecacileyo ecacileyo. Ukuhlelwa ngokungqongqo, le ndlu idibanisa imizobo yasempuma nasentshonalanga. I-kimono eludongeni isebenza ngolwazi lokuhombisa
Umfanekiso we-Interlisher olwenziwe ngaphakathi kweJapan uphuhlise ngenxa yeetafile ezininzi, izixhobo, umgangatho, umgangatho
Le yi-100% yegumbi laseYurophu kukho isahlulo esityibilikayo saseJapan, eyenziwe nge-slats enezinto ezilula ezikhanyayo yazo. Kwisiqingatha se-square
"Umnqweno wokukhetha izinto kunyeKukho indawo yokuhlala engazi. Kungcono kakhulu ukuba basasazeke.
Oku kubangela imvakalelo yokuqina kobomi.
Kwanasekwakhiweni kwebhotwe lase-Imperiya
Indawo enye yayishiywe ngokungafanelekanga ... "
UKinko-Hoshi. "Amanqaku avela kwi-boredom"
Namhlanje iya kuba malunga nenkcubeko ye-japan engaqhelekanga kuthi. Inkcubeko, ukudibanisa ngokungagungqiyo kwiinkulungwane ezindala kunye neyona teknoloji yemveliso ephezulu. Nokuba umntu ofunda ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-Internation yaseJapan yangaphakathi yeJapan iyamangalisa ngesandi sanamhlanje. Izakhiwo zabucala nengaphambili zenziwa kwi-XV-XI kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo, ngamanye amaxesha ngamanye amaxesha zivela kumaphepha ezindaba zangaphakathi.
Yintoni ebangela ukuba i-Medieval ingaphakathi isebenza namhlanje? Amazwe athambileyo okhanyiso oludala kunye nolutsha, ngokubanzi, ziindlalifa zenkcubeko yamandulo, kunzima ukumangalisa intabalala yokwakha ubufundisi. Kulumkele ukungabikho kokuhombisa okungalunganga, ukucocwa okukhethekileyo, kunokwenzeka. Inqaku lisenokwenzeka ukuba iJapan, ngenxa yokuzahlula isiqithi, ibodwa isebe elikhethekileyo lokuphuhliswa kwabantu. Ayisiyonto nje yolwimi, kodwa ukuthanda izinto ezintle, isandi, i-pallet yombala yangahlukile kakhulu eYurophu. Kuyafana na ukuba iphiliswe ngokukhuselekileyo kwi-Arfatine-Spatial Doctrine yendlu yaseJapan, inayo "indalo yethu".
Isitayile sebhayiloji
AbaseYurophu ababephila phambi kwe-XVIIIV. Yindlela eyaneleyo, isitayela esingumthombo wemifanekiso yangaphakathi ivele kutshanje. Igama "isitayile saseJapan", kunjalo, ngemeko. Ekupheleni kwe-xv iqala kwi-Xviv. Eyokuqala iza eJapan kwaye, eyona nto iphambili eyabuya iikhosi zemidlalo yasekhaya (Ato yayingabathunywa bevangeli basePortugal) baziswa kwilizwe elingaziwayo, masithi, "Izilwanyana ezizilwanyana". Oku kuhlala kunesilika Kimono, fan, izixhobo, ne-NEPEC Sterituettes, ii-caskets kunye ne-shirms. Ngaba ayiyonyani, uluhlu aluzange lutshintshe kakhulu kwiminyaka engama-500 edlulileyo? Ewe kunjalo, akukho lwando ngokwenkcubeko lunokuba yintetho. AmaJapan, ngendlela, ngokunxulumene nabaphambukeli baziphathe ngaphezulu kokunonongiselwano, kwaye bengakhange bafune ukutshintshiselana, abathunywa nabarhwebi abathunyelwanga. Ke inyathelo lolwazi kule meko yeyakho.Ukunyuka okulandelayo kwelona lizwe lokunyuka kwelanga (iJapan kufanelekile ukuba kuphele i-Xix-ekuqaleni kwe-XXVV, ixesha lokucofa imithombo yenkcubeko kunye nokukhangela kwemithombo emitsha yokuphefumla. Iinjongo zaseJapan zinokutyelelwa ngononophelo, zifumaneka kwimifanekiso yeMoudigliani, Van Gogh, Picasso. Mhlawumbi, ngeli xesha, izinto zephakathi zaseJapan zingene ngexesha lokuqala kubomi baseYurophu, ngokufuthi ngohlobo lwemifanekiso kwi-skirms. Ukuziphatha kwamaJapan kwaye abanye baphumelele ngempumelelo, iincwadi zaseJapan ziguqulelwa. Ngaphambi kokuba uqonde ngqo kunye nokuxeliswa, kunjalo, kwakusekude kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ootata abasekayo boyilo lwanamhlanje kunye noyilo f.l. Ryt, Lekorbysier kwaye uMakintosh wayeqhelene nemigaqo ephambili yombutho we-Japanish kunye nelangazelelo. Siza kwenza ugcino kwangoko ukuba ubukhulu becala sinomdla kwimbali yokuphuhliswa kwesitayile saseJapan yingaphakathi le-European.
Kuyamangalisa ukuba sele ekuqaleni kwe-Xviv yoyilo yaseJapan, imigaqo ephambili yokwakha nokuyila indlu iphuhlile. Ukuchuma okulandelayo kuqoqosho lwesizwe kwenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuba bakhe indawo enqatyisiweyo, indawo ye-Samurayi kunye neenqaba ezinamathemba amaninzi. Okokugqibela, igunya le-ifam le-afeal ephakathi liye laphikisana noyilo: B1606. Kwakhiwa inqaba yeHeedezi inqaba, kwaye kwi-1626 i-1626th nida inqaba eKyoto. Ewe kunjalo, indawo yaseJapan yazisa amaxesha kunye nokuphindaphindeka kwakhona, kunye namashumi eminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, simamele ingcebiso yembongi enkulu yaseJapan yaseJapan Matsuo Bass: "Musa ukutsala emanyathelweni amanyange, kodwa ufuna ukuba babekufuna ntoni."
Isithuba njengoqeqesho
Indawo enesithuba esihambelana nayo kwaye sikhululekile kwaye ngokungavisisisileyo yenye yezona zinto zangaphambili ezazikhangela. " Umahluko we-radical yangaphakathi kwi-European, intanda-bulumko yayo eyodwa kukungazinzi kwentloko, ukwahlukana. Ingaphakathi lendawo yesiJapan ikwazi ukuguqula ngokulula kunye nokuguqula ngokukhawuleza. Inqaku lemibono yeZimvo zanaphakade nezikhala (iFueki iryuku) kwi-Union yexabiso elimangalisayo kunye nemozulu yethutyana. I-Swinerere ibonisa le ngcinga iba yindibaniselwano yesakhelo esimiselweyo yesakhiwo kunye nesahlulelo esihle, esivumela ukuba kwangoko ukuguqula amagumbi asesongamileyo. Kodwa utshintsho olwenziyo asisipheli ngokwalo. Ubuhle besisombululo sendawo ye-SPOATIONAL SIPONILL SAPTIONALL SOPHEST ingenelelo yabo. Iivolumu zomoya ezenziwe ngekhefu lomthi oqinileyo zicingelwa ngononophelo kwaye ziphinde zafunyanwa ngokokubekwa kwesakhiwo ngokubanzi.
Kuyaphawuleka omnye umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwendlu yaseJapan evela kwi-European-ukungabikho kwendawo ebizekileyo edolophini. Yintoni evumela umbukeli ukuba acinge ngokwakhe, kanye njengoko ecinga ngokwakhe embindini wendalo iphela, ukuba kwimeko yendalo. Eli nqaku lendawo yokuhlala yolwakhiwo lixatyiswa ngoYilo lwangoku kwaye bazisebenzise ngokuzithandela.
Kukho neendlela zokwakha, zifanelekile namhlanje. Esona sixhobo sokwakha kunye nemveli apho sasingumthi, apho kwakumnandi khona ngokukhawuleza, ngaphandle kwepipi enye, kuye kwenziwa uyilo olungenanto. I-overlap yayingeyiyo eludongeni, kodwa kwisakhelo. I-tectonic elula nengqibileyo enamagqabi aqhotyoshelweyo yokuxhathisa kwe-seismic. Izinto ezongeziweyo, ezingaqhelekanga zokwakha zaseYurophu zenze iphepha. Qaphela ukuba izindlu ezivela kwiinkuni kunye nephepha zilula kwaye zihlala ziqinile kwaye zigcinwe kwaye zigcinwe impahla entle kwaye ihlambe. Ukwakhiwa okunjalo kuyivula amathuba okusebenzela umgangatho, ukwenziwa kwenkqubo yokuhlanganisa indlu esekwe kwimodyuli enye. Uluvo lolwakhiwo lwezakhiwo ezivela ngasekupheleni kwaye iphepha alifumananga zicelo eYurophu, kwaye ngakumbi eRashiya, kodwa zaze zaluncedo kakhulu kwindawo yangaphakathi yezindlu.
Ukususela kumandulo, iindonga zendlu zaseJapan ziyimibala yendalo yendalo. Iphethwe phantsi kophahla, iwindow encinci, njengomthetho ojonge emantla mpuma. Iirim ezimbini ziyalawula, ngenxa yokuba iindonga zangaphandle ezigutyungelwe ngephepha (seDZi) ngokulinganisela ukukhanya ukusuka esitratweni. Ukuhlolwa kwelanga eliqaqambileyo laseJapan kuphazamisa, kuthintela ukuqonda nokuvavanya yonke imeko yemeko. Ngaphezu kwexesha, iindonga zangaphandle zavalwa zizindlu ezinomthi-i-Idado. Ngaphaya koko, umthi bobabini ngaphakathi nangaphandle bahlala bengazange bangenise: Bitch, imifula, isicatshulwa sefibul senze impembelelo yendalo. I-Taties ye-taties yeTatami irayisi kunye neyona iphambili, kunye nendawo yokuhlala, kunye nendawo yezoqoqosho. Ukuba nobungakanani be-1.80.9m, bakhonza njengemodyuli yesicwangciso seThutyana. Isithuba sendlu yaseJapan siphila ngokwemithetho yendalo, qhubeka ngokudibeneyo somhlaba kwaye ngamanye amaxesha buyadibana naye. Ke ngoko, rhoqo ezindongeni zibonisa imithi, iintaka, imijelo yamanzi amancinci, ivumela ukutolika indlu njengenxalenye encinci yendalo. Udonga lwangaphandle lutshintshela, umzi-mveliso sele sele iinduli zokwenyani, imithi kwaye, kunjalo, i-fuji engapheliyo yaba yinxalenye yegumbi. Ukuba ucinga ngemvelaphi yeendonga zeglasi kunye neengcango ezihamba zangoku kuzo zonke iintlobo, emva koko unxibelelwano lwawo lwemfuza lubonakale. I-Fusum yisahlulelo esingaphakathi esingenasiphelo, esiyinxalenye yomthi, inyibilikisiwe kumacala omabini ngephepha elixineneyo. Izahlulo ezinjalo zithunyelwa kwii-rooves ezizodwa ezikhoyo kumgangatho kunye neebhulukhwe zophahla. Umbono wokutsala iindonga ezivela kwi-Savings ekhethekileyo yesiJapan kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu kwizithuba ezisondeleyo ze-European zanamhlanje.
Enye into esifanele kuthi siyinto yangaphakathi yaseJapan sisikrini esinokuziguqula size sichaphazele indawo ejikelezileyo. Ukunyibilikisa kwendlu iShirma yiselfowuni nangaphezulu kunesahlulelo. Ngorhatya oluthambileyo, olulawulayo endlwini, ludityaniswe ngokulungileyo kunye nokupeyinta gusom kunye nokukhanya. I-gilleng ibanika i-flicker encinci, ebonisa ukukhanya kwendalo. Ingcakalo yemibala yezindlu zaseJapan zenziwa ngokubalwa kokukhanya ngaphandle kwesithunzi kunye nokukhanya kwelanga ngqo, okunokwenzeka ngenxa yeendonga zohambo kunye nophahla oluphezulu.
I-Shirma iqulathe i-sash ezininzi (inokuba zimbini, ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu). I-SAH SASH yi-bamboo okanye isakhelo sokhuni, siqiniswe kumacala omabini nge-silk, amaphepha okanye isibini. I-SASS ilungiselelwe kwi-engile kwelinye. Iingxilimbela zinee-shirms ngaphambi kwe-12 kunye nefom eyandisiweyo yafikelela kwi-8m. Bapeyinta iMascara yabo, ukuhlobisa imeko yokuhombisa, i-calligraphy, imibongo yembongi ngasemva kwepateni yeentaka neentyatyambo. Ezi zinto zihlobiso lwezindlu yayiluhlobo lokuqokelelwa kweepeyinti kunye nemizobo. Ubungakanani beShirma buhlala bunxulunyaniswa nobungakanani beNdlu, kwaye iipeyinti zayo zokuhombisa phantse zisebenza kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, isikrini sinezinto ezininzi ezingenantsingiselo- inomvelaphi yesiTshayina, kodwa kamva ingena ngaphakathi ngaphakathi. Ukuba isahlulelo esifundwayo se-fusum kwindlela yokuqonda yaseYurophu luludonga olunemiqathango, emva koko isikrini sincinci nodonga. Indima yabo ekuthengisweni kwangaphakathi ihambelana kakhulu. Isithuba sihlala siyinto enye, kwaye i-shirma yahlulahlula umntu okanye enye inxenye yeemfuno zalo (zeholide, imvume, umsebenzi, ukulala).
Njengoko kuphawuliwe, ngokungafaniyo ne-European, ingaphakathi laseJapan lenziwa ngokusisiseko. Oko kukuthi, ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko, ezinye izinto ziyavela kwigumbi, ngelixa ezinye zicocwe. I-Aesthetics yaseJapan ixoxa: "Zonke zingabalulekanga." Kucacile ukuba ukusweleka kweJapan umhlaba uqhelene nezinto ezisezantsi. I-vash enye kuphela, okanye enye iShirma, okanye iskreyi esibhalwe nge-hiegraglyph esibhaliweyo. Ukuba itafile yaziswa egumbini, emva koko enye into ikhutshiwe. Khumbula ukuba iziqithi zaseJapan zihlala zichaphazeleka kwiingxaki zendalo: iinyikima zomhlaba, itsunami, typhoon. Ke kutheni ufumana izinto ezininzi?
Izinto ezenziwe ngaphakathi
Ke, abangeneni baseJapan, ngokungafaniyo eYurophu, bahluthwe inani elikhulu lezinto zemeko yemeko. Indima yefanitshala yenziwa i-niches kunye nemigangatho yamanqanaba omgangatho. Kwindawo engenanto yangoku nendawo yasimahla, nayiphi na i-laconic yoyilo okanye into eyakhiwe-ye-ECHIT (umzekelo, i-niche) ivela ngokucacileyo. Ubungakanani bezinto zincinci. Igumbi lonke libonwa kwi-therbion ebonakalayo ekwi-70cm ukusuka phantsi. Oku kunciphisa ukuphakama kwendlu.Sityala indawo yokuhlala kunye nenye into efunyenweyo, ke ibandakanywe kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla esingayicingi ngemvelaphi yayo. Sithetha ngomgangatho oshushu. Iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ibuyele kwi-NIDZ I-NIDZ I-Collerchers Sublers ifumene i-chimney emangalisayo ebikwe phantsi.
Kwindawo engaphakathi yaseJapan, sinemfashini namhlanje, umbono wokungcungcuthekiswa waziva kwaye waxelwa kuwo onke amanqanaba - kusanda kwinto yokomfuziselo. Kodwa eyona ibaluleke kakhulu kwiJapan kunye nexesha lomhlaba yintlalo. Lo mxholo ubandakanya i-hierarchy ecacileyo yendawo endlwini yelungu ngalinye losapho, kukho iindawo ezibekekileyo, ezibekekileyo, kubafazi, kubafazi, kubafazi, kubafazi. Eyona ndawo iphambili ikwindawo eyakhiweyo ye-nichelonoma ye-nichelonoma, itsuke-isono neTigaydan. Le yeyona ndawo ikude yendawo enomgangatho omkhulu womgangatho.
I-niche yakhe i-lacconism yakhe igxininisa ubuhle bendiza yodonga, i-phaling okanye phantsi. Unokunika ubume obuqhelekileyo. I-Liches yeJapan inokwenziwa ngohlobo lwendlela elula ethe nkqo okanye ethe nkqo. Rhoqo kukho ubume obumangalisayo bokuthe tyaba kunye nothuli.
Ukuqulunqwa kwendalo yendlu yaseJapan kwakukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zezinto ezintle. Ezinye izinto eziphambili zinokubizwa ngokuba zizinto ezikhethekayo ngefestile kunye nefestile ye-SILL esebenzele ukufunda nokubhala (i-tmpe-syn). Bhala i-daings (i-toconom) ebekekileyo, i-vases ngeentyatyambo okanye imisongo yokupeyinta kunye ne-calligraphy. Imvelaphi kunye nobukho bale nto ingaphakathi bubuyela kumfanekiso wesibingelelo kwitempile yeBuddha. Elona xesha lesithathu elakhiweyo lalikwiishelufu ezikwiincwadi zeZibhalo (iTigaydan). Ezi zinto zintathu zisafumaneka kuwo onke amaqela abantu abahlali kwaye banikwe izizwe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, intsingiselo yokomfuziselo. Ke, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, u-niche okanye abantu abatshayayo bafumana intsingiselo yalo engcwele, engcwele.
Iworkshop. Masidlale ngesithuba
Namhlanje siyalibala ngombala, ukukhanya kunye ne-Decor, iya kujongana nendawo. Umsebenzi akukho lula, kuba indawo ayikho ngokwayo.
Ukuqala, masizame ukwenza oko kubizwa ngokuba ngumculi weqonga. Ukuhamba ngenqanawa yindawo enkulu yegumbi elenziwe ngephepha okanye i-foam. Makube mhlophe, kuphela oko kuya kuba nakho ukuziva ungaxineki kwento, hayi ubume beendonga okanye phantsi kodonga, kodwa ezibizelwa yindawo. Kuba indawo engaqhelekanga ayikho, thabatha umsebenzi wethu naliphi na igumbi elinomdla kuthi kwaye liphumeze imilinganiselo efanelekileyo. Emva kokwenza isicwangciso kwisikali, sidlulisela esi sicwangciso kwikhadibhodi ukuze i-meter enye ihambelana malunga ne-3-5 cm. Ujikeleze i-perimeter wamisa udonga lwephepha. Emva koko susa enye yeendonga kwaye ... Ingqwalaselo, umdlalo uqalile! Ijika i-poppepe indlu, ngaphakathi apho sichonga indawo yokwahlula-hlula, ukuthanda, ukwanda kwaye kuncipha kwinqanaba lomgangatho. Sikwaqhuba nale nto ephepheni kwaye, ihamba ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, sikhangela indawo efanelekileyo kubo bobabini ngendlela kunye nokungabikho okwenyani. Sizama ukudala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zendawo: Kusondelelene, i-cemn, ishishini. Umsebenzi wethu kukufumana indawo yakho yemvakalelo, indlela ophila ngayo, indawo yokusebenza kunye nendawo yokuzonwabisa.
Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, eyona nto iphambili kukugcina indawo enkulu yeNdlu. Ukwahlulahlula kwimimandla iya kuba ulwahlulo lweSoftware kunye namanqanaba omgangatho amathontsi. Le mithetho-siseko yokucandwa komhlaba inokwenzeka ngokwaneleyo ngabayimi-mvume. Amanqanaba omgangatho anokusetyenziswa ngokwahlulahlula umda weholo ukusuka kwindawo yokuhlala, indawo yasekhitshini ukusuka kwigumbi lokuhlala okanye igumbi lokulala. Uninzi lwezoqoqosho ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga umzamo kunye nezixhobo-zisetyenziselwa isikrini sethutyana sethutyana. Zikhululekile kwaye zisegumbini lokulala, kwigumbi lokuhlala. Utshintsha nje, hlaziya rhoqo ngaphakathi. Umngcipheko, ukuvelisa umfanekiso wendawo yokuhlala yaseJapan, kufuneka kugxininiswe kukuthungwa kwephepha kunye neenkuni. Zonke izinto zeplanga zihamba ngohlobo. Ngaphandle kwenzelwa iShirma. Inokuba sisilika, iphepha, iwikere, ngamanye amaxesha lilahlwe ngemithi eqingqiweyo.
Incwadana ye-Russian-uyilo
I-Tsuke-isono - Kwindawo engaphakathi yaseJapan ye-niche ngefestile kunye ne-will yefestile, edlala indima yedesika yokufunda nokubhala.
Toko okanye I-toconoma -IChekhi, apho abantu abatshayayo, imisongo ibekwe.
I-Tigaydana -UNike weZincwadi.
I-Tatimi -Mats eyenziwe ngengca yegussa kunye nokuba nomaleko wengca yerayisi. Ukusuka kwiTatami ezininzi, ibhedi yenziwa apho umatrasi weCotton Sunden ubeka ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, i-futyon yenye yezona zinto mandulo zendalo.
I-tanza -Inqanaba leKhabhinethi.
Umgodi -Isonga iSofa ngethakethi ethambileyo.
Fusuma - Isahlulo esingaphakathi ngaphakathi. Yenziwe nge-mumber, ihlala iPhepha leRice okanye ikhadibhodi kwikhabhathi yomthi. Igutyungelwe ngepeyinti.
I-bbu -Shirma.
UJezie -Udonga lwangaphandle lwendlu eyenziwe ngephepha elingaphezulu kwepeyinti okanye iipateni.
San Suiry ("Iintaba zamanzi") -Uhlobo oluxhaphakileyo lomhlaba ofanelekileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo intetho isetyenziswa nje ukunyula imbonakalo yomhlaba.