Iikhaphethi: Ukuhlelwa, iimpawu, iimpawu zokusebenza, iingcebiso zezokukhathalela. Imbali yekhaphethi.
Kungakude kakhulu ezintabeni, xa ubushushu, ubushushu kunye nento ethambileyo, yokukhusela i-herb entsha. Ke, yayilixesha lokuba sithethe ngekhaphethi yabantu abaqhelileyo, kodwa nayo ayiqondakali. Imithunzi yabo emangalisayo, iyantlukwano yemfumba epeyintiweyo, i-aracques engenanto kudala inomdla kwiimfihlo ...
Yintoni ikhaphethi?
Ikhaphethi yimveliso (ihlala i-Multicolor, iParter) yeWoolen, i-Silk yarn, ihlala inesiphene. Isetyenziselwa isigqubuthelo somgangatho, imihlobiso yodonga.Okokuqala, masiyibone ngaphandle kwekhaphethi eyahlukileyo, umzekelo, ukusuka kwi-tapestry okanye i-mat. Imisonto yomqolo ilungisiwe kwisiseko seendawo. Okufanayo, okanye, njengoko ikwabizwa njalo, imbewu yembewu, i-knots ayibopheli idada itsaliwe iziseko zesiseko, kwaye ke i-fork eyodwa iyondliwa. Ezi ntlobo zimbini zokunxiba kunye nezihombiso ziyahluka. Ikhaphethi yenziwe kwiindlela ezibalwa ngokungqongqo, kunye nokuchaneka kwemathematics. I-tapestry, ngokuchaseneyo, ngokungachanekanga, akukho ngcebiso, kukho inkululeko ethile kunye ne-fantasy kwimigca yepateni.
Zahlule kwiikhaphethi kunye neetapenter. Indawo ihleli yi-mats. Bahlula-hlulwe ngendlela yokuntywila kwe-Weve (ngokufanayo nakwezo zisetyenziswayo) kunye ne-SIZs-fibers Kodwa kusekho i-mat yayiyindlela yekhaphethi, ke siya kubuyela kuyo.
Uhambo oluncinci kwibali elikhulu
Eyokuqala kwimbali yabantu ababeyifumene engcwabeni likaFaro waseTumosiv. Babhekisa kwixesha loBukumkani obutsha (iinkulungwane ze-xvi-xi. BC.). I-ANA ye-Frescoos kaBhen Hassan Dated x Bc e., yonke inkqubo yokuluka iboniswa kwifom esiyazi yona namhlanje.
Uninzi lwakudala lweekhaphethi ezigciniweyo zenziwa kwi-v c c. Bc e. Abembi bezinto zakudala bafumanisa ukuba iKurgan edumileyo eAltai, ngoku igcinwe kwiHermitage. Nangona kunjalo, le mveliso yayiseAsiriya, ebonisa ukwabiwa ngokubanzi kweekhaphethi ezisele zikude. Isakhelo sekhaphethi sihonjiswe ngehotele esifutshane se-anthropomorphic kunye nezinto ze-zoomorphic (amahashe kwihashe). Kucacile ukuba olu hlobo lokushicilela lungasebenzi kuphela kumhlobiso, kodwa kunye nomgcini wenkxaso. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukhuseleko oluhle lwemveliso-ngesitoreji esifanelekileyo, iikhaphethi zingahlala ngaphezu kwekhulu elinamakhulu elinamawaka.
Kummandla weAsiriya eyaphukileyo, kwavela ubukumkani basePersi, bafumana ubugcisa obukhulu benkqutyana. I-Iran i-Iran ye-Iran kunye ne-Iraq yanele bonke ubukhulu bobugcisa bamandulo.
Ukuzalwa kwekhaphethi kwindawo okusingqongileyo yabantu abane-nomadic kubangelwa ziingalo zabo. Ukusika i-Continental ntsuku kwiintsuku zokuhlonitshwa kunye neqondo lokufikelela kwi-40s litshintshwa ngobusuku obubandayo (ukuya kwi-0c). Ukungabikho kwezindlu zokuhlala ngokusisigxina kwanyanzela abantu ukuba balale ezintenteni nakwiintente. Isidingo sokufudumeza umgangatho womhlaba kwiimeko ezinjalo ucacisiwe. Ubushushu buhlala busetyenziswa Uboya. Kamva kwavelwa ii-mats. Ke indlela yoluntu kwikhaphethi ekwingqondo yakhe yanamhlanje yayithatha ixesha elide. Esona sixhobo siphambili sokwenza iikhaphethi sisigubo soboya.
Ngokuphathelelene imeko, imbali yekhaphethi inokwahlulwa ibe ngamaxesha amabini. IPherithi yokuqala, xa babenziwa ngeemfuno zosapho olunye (okanye abazali). Ngotshintsho lokunxiba kwaye kuphoswe iimveliso ngaphandle kweendwangu ezintsha. Iikhaphethi zelo xesha zahlukile kubungakanani obuncinci kunye noxinaniso olusezantsi oluphantsi-ukusuka kwi-200 ukuya kwi-180s nganye yesikwere. Iimveliso zadluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngaphakathi kolunye uhlobo okanye usapho, umzekelo, nothixo womtshakazi okanye abazuzwe njengelifa. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lolutsha lwekhaphethi, bekukho ii-odolo ezisemthethweni zokuhlala, iiholo zeParade, ii-mosques. Kodwa kukuphela kwemeko yekhaphethi ukuya kumgama okukhulu kwakuza kubakho kwelinye ilizwe ngohlobo lwesipho okanye intlawulelo, Dani. Amatyala anjalo avuma, akunakwenzeka ukuba abizwe.
Ixesha lesibini lekhaphethi, intengiso, ekugqibeleni yenzeka kuphela embindini we-Xix kunye nendibaniselwano yemveliso yomatshini, enokutshintshwa kwezinto zokusongelwa, ngokuvela kwezakhono ezitsha zothutho kunye nokuvula kwamanye amazwe. Ixesha le-WTO liqala ukuveliswa kweekhaphethi, zenzelwe ukuthengisa kuphela. Sele kumbindi wenkulungwane, urhwebo lwangaphandle ngale mveliso luba lisebe uqoqosho lukazwelonke, umzekelo, iPersia-kuqala ngaphandle.
Ngeli xesha, ubugcisa obuchumileyo bekhaphethi buyenzeka. Imali itsalelekile kumzi mveliso, ngokwemvelo, yenza ezona meko zibalaseleyo kuphuhliso lobugcisa. Kodwa iRenaissing ye-captone iqhubeke ixesha elide. Kungekudala i-shaft enamandla "yeSithoba" yeBango litshintshe imigaqo-nkqubo yobugcisa obuhlungu. Iikhaphethi zifuna kakhulu, kwaye ziqaqambile, zitsala ingqalelo yabathengi. Imibuzo esemgangathweni ephezulu yaqalisa ukubuyela ngasemva. Ukuvela kwe-Aniline Pailine, ukulenza kube lula kwaye kuncitshiswe iinkqubo zetekhnoloji yeekhaphethi nazo zidlale indima enkulu. Ukuxeliswa kweekhaphethi zaseMpuma kuqala ukwenza eYurophu naseChina.
Igqibile ixesha lethu elifutshane lembali lembali entsha. Namhlanje, iJografi yeekhaphethi ibanzi kakhulu. Iikhaphethi ze-losurea zenziwa kufutshane ne-moscow lyuberty. UVasia, China, Iraq, iraq, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, eIndiya. I-Vifrike-Tunisia. I-Veverop- France, iBelgium, iJamani. Siphawula inqaku elibalulekileyo: Uninzi lweekhaphethi zaseYurophu nelaseRussia zenziwa kwiimeko zefektri, iimveliso zaseAsia zahlukile ngesandla.
Ukwahlulahlula
Kufanelekile ukuhlela ii-carpets ngendlela yokwenza. Emva koko iqela lokuqala lenza iimveliso ezenziwe ngokugqibeleleyo. Apha, siya kuthatha iikhaphethi ezenziwe kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yindlela ekuthethwa ngayo, eya kuthi ixoxwa. Indlela yesibini iyabonakala (iimveliso zenziwe ngesiqingatha somthetho). Umatshini omncinci, ngoku olona luxhaphakileyo, apho iinkqubo zetekhnoloji zibandakanyiwe ngoomatshini.Zonke iikhaphethi zendalo zahlulwe zaba yimfumba kunye nokuphumla. Engenacala, ngamanye amaxesha, ikakhulu ziindidi ezimbini: uKilima kunye ne-SULORA. Ezi ntlobo zeekhaphethi zegumbi lokuphumla zivele ekuqaleni kwe-v c. n. e. Amagama abo amahle anentathu athetha iimpawu zetekhnoloji kuphela. "I-PROGENTER" yekhaphethi yokuphumla yi-mat, okokuqala kwimbali yoluntu ngaphandle kwengqekembe. Kuyinyani, kwizihlandlo ezikude, ukhetha ngakumbi ikhaphethi yemfumba yakhe iqhotyoshelwe kwisiseko esinyabilayo ngoncedo lweendawo.
I-Kim - Idromade yesandla, engenabuchwephesha, oko kukuthi, icala elingalunganga. Ukuchwetheza umbala wentambo, ngenxa yoko ukuqeshwa kufunyenwe yi-Bilataral. Ihombo elihonjiweyo lenziwa lisebenzisa iindawo ezibonakalayo ngokuhlolwa kwengqondo. UKilim akanakulungelelaniswa kumgangatho, kodwa asebenzise njengeziqwengana zetafile, igumbi lokulala, isalara. Ukunqongophala kwemfumba kuyakuvumela ukuba ubeke ifanitshala enzima ngaphandle kokuba ucalucalulo kumphezulu. I-Kilima ihlala iphulile kakhulu kwaye icocwe nje. Zenziwa ngesandla, ezibenza bahluke kwaye babiza kakhulu.
Olunye uhlobo lweekhaphethi zeLounges yi-SUMMA. Ekwanjeni kokuhonjiswa, umgibe owenza umhombiso ujikeleza uvelwano lujikeleze isiseko ngendlela ye-pigtail, ukuphela kwayo kubonakaliswa ngamehlo. Isiphumo nguSherma, njengommiselo, sibe namacala obuchwephesha kunye nobuchwephesha.
I-peripets zepile namhlanje zithandwa kakhulu. Imfumba ethambileyo, ye-insectory yenziwa kwimiphetho yangaphandle yentambo enxulumene ne-nodules. Zichetyiwe, okanye zimshiye.
Itekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji
Ekuqaleni, iikhaphethi zenziwe ngesandla. Iishere zazo kwisikhephe esiqhelekileyo somthi. Ukuhonjiswa kwale rowers kwagcinwa kwinkumbulo, ukudlula "kwi-IRUK yesandla". Kamva, iipateni ezizodwa zavela, ezomzekelo zinokusebenza kwikhaphethi elungele.
Namhlanje, obizwa ngokuba yindlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-Tuffting ufumana ububanzi, apho ii-nodules zepile "zidubule" kwisiseko sepistol ekhethekileyo. Obu buchule bukwacingelwa ukuba yincwadi yemigaqo.
Ngokuqala kokuqulunqwa kwemilo eqinileyo, inkqubo yokwenza iikhaphethi iye yaba ngoobatshini ngakumbi. Kwangelo xesha, ukuvelisa abasebenzi ngokwemvelo, nangona kuyonakalisa ukwahluka kweemveliso. Umgama kumgama ovela kwi-manoctory yaye waphuhliswa umzi-mveliso, ubunzima. Umatshini wokuBekwa kwe-Adberting usebenzisa itekhnoloji yekhompyuter yamva kwaye ikwazi ukuvelisa umsebenzi wesikhokelo, ukuxelisa isitenxo esenziwe ngumntu ohonjiweyo.
Akwaziwa ukuba kutheni, kodwa ukusukela i-Xixvek, uphawu lomgangatho wekhaphethi ithathwa njengexibelelo oluphezulu. Ngokubanzi, uxinzelelo luyimpawu eqhelekileyo yobuchwephesha, ngokufanayo, umzekelo, ubungakanani okanye ubukhulu. Igqitywe linani le-nodules kwi-dere nganye yesikwere (ngamanye amaxesha isikwere, i-thentimeter okanye i-intshi).
Eyona ndlela ilula yokubala uxinzelelo ngokwalo. Ukwenza oku, kwicala elingalunganga lekhaphethi, ukulinganisa isikwere kwaye ubale zonke iidumbo kuyo ukusuka kwimiqolo. Isalathi-nkqubela esiphezulu kakhulu sinokubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwemveliso yemveliso iya kuqhekeza ugonyo (umzekelo, ukuba lihlala khona ukuwa), kwaye akunakulindeleka ukuba likwazi ukusindisa.
Izixhobo
Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, eyona nto iphambili kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo kwiikhaphethi zakudala lungoboya bemvu. I-Inxxvek, ngenxa yeemveliso zexabiso eliphantsi, umqhaphu, iflakisi kunye nesntnthetics yaqalisa ukufaka isicelo. Kwiikhaphethi zodonga ezibizayo kwiSilika esetyenzisiweyo esetyenzisiweyo.Ayisiyo yonke iWool ilungele ikhaphethi elungileyo. Enye yezona zinto zilungileyo zoboya "uboya", zidlwelelwe kwi-Afghan ye-Afghan. Kwangoko, inkokeli kwikhaphethi yaba yi-YALAAND LOOLLWANALWANES, yi-ofisini, incinci, iqinile, iqine, imhlophe kwaye ithambile kwaye ithambile kwaye ithambekele. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba amandla oboya ngokuthe ngqo kuxhomekeka kwisondlo sezimvu. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Wool Wool Hubles Traines kuyayithotyiwe kwaye emva koko ungaphula. Umgangatho wokuhlamba imveliso egqityiweyo idlala umgangatho wemveliso egqityiweyo. Ikhaphethi ehlanjululwe ngokufanelekileyo ayivuyi igusha, phantse ayifihli kwaye igcina i-silky stiff ixesha elide. Namhlanje, iirowu ziya zijamelana nezixhobo zokufakwa. Ayisiyo imfihlo ye-cartitic yeqela lezinto ezininzi zempawu ziphantsi kwendalo. Ngoku kukho izibonelelo ezithile: Kulula ukucoca, ubunzima obungaphantsi, bungabizi. Inani lezinto zokwenziwa ezisetyenzisiweyo likhulu: Suprim, Viscose, tercccone, Polyamide, njl. Phakathi kwabavelisi beekhaphethi zokwenziwa, enye yeendawo ezikhokelayo zeBelgium, ezi mveliso zimelwe ngokubanzi kwimarike yaseRussia. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeBelgian kunye ne-french synthetic ifumaneka kwiivenkile zendlu yekhaphethi kwinkampani ye-moscow ye-moscow.
I-Dyes yahlulwe yangamaqela amabini amakhulu: yendalo kunye nemichiza. Izilwanyana zendalo okanye izimbiwa. Izinto ezixineneyo ezinamandla kakhulu zisasetyenziswa. Ungatsalela umnxeba, umzekelo, i-purpur ekhutshwe kwi-marine mollusks. Iimpawu zokusebenza zedayi zendalo ziphezulu kakhulu: azipheli elangeni kwaye zahlukile kumbala wendalo, obalaseleyo.
Ixesha elide, uAnina wayelawulwa kwimibala yemichiza. Ayenzelwa ngo-1847, baqala ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngo-1853 sele befikelana. I-Aniline Dyees evunyelwe ukuba ibonelele ngemveliso yekhaphethi kwizityalo zemveliso. Kuyinyani, ekuqaleni, ezi zinto bezingekakwazi ukuyilungisa, kwaye baphuma emanzini. Kodwa ingxaki yaconjululwa ngokupheleleyo imiyalelo yama-20 yenkulungwane yokugqibela. Esona sisengozini kwimvakalelo yokucola imibala ebomvu kunye neorenji.
Ikhaphethi njengendlela yokutyala imali
Njengotyalo-mali olunenzuzo lweengxowa-mali, iikhaphethi zibekwe kwindawo engathandekiyo ye-15, phakathi kwefanitshala ye-antique kunye neembonakalo zakudala. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula: Kukwabiza kakhulu kuya kubiza kakhulu. Yonke enye into - ukusuka kwi "Lyuberts" ye-Lyberts "" ye-Belgium "- iya kuqala i-shoaper ukusuka kumzuzu wokujonga itsheki. Ukuze bangabi kukwamkelwa, bafumana i-vintage eyahlukileyo okanye iimveliso zombhali wale mihla.Namhlanje, iintlungu ze-aniline zisuswe ngokuthe ngcembe yiPolymer kunye ne-Synthetic, engafuneki ukuba ilungiswe kwaye ingaphulukanga. Esona sizukulwana sanamhlanje, wesithathu sedayi-chrome. Ngokweepropathi, baphantse bangathathi ntweni ukusuka kwendalo, kodwa kungabi njalo ngombala.
Uyilo
Inani lelona mpawu zibalulekileyo zalo naliphi na ikhaphethi, nokuba yi-barn yokufuduka okanye i-Lyuberts. Imbali yokujonga imbali ijongeka ngolu hlobo: Kwiminyaka yaseMpuma ephakathi, umfanekiso ophambili yayingumhombisi; Kwisimo sengqondo se-European kuMoya ka-Amprey okanye e-rococo, iphethini yentyatyambo okanye inani elineenkcukacha. Imifanekiso ebonakalayo yejometri yale migca kwiikhaphethi zezakhiwo zokuhombisa ngenqwelomoya.Mandulo, umhombiso akazange adlale indima yokuhombisa. Into ebonakala ngathi iseti yezikwere kunye nezikwere zinokuba nentsingiselo enzulu.
Uninzi lwabantu lucinga ukuba ubunjani bokuhombisa kwe-hittor kunxulunyaniswa nokuthintelwa kwe-Islamic ukuchaza umntu. Kodwa emva kwayo yonke loo nto, umhombiso waphakama ixesha elide phambi kwe-Islam. Isenokuba, olu hlobo lomfanekiso lubangelwa kukuluka kwezandla, apho izinto kunye nemifanekiso yokwenene kufuneka inesitayile, yenza lula, kubanika iifom zejometri. Kukho enye inguqulelo: Izihomba zabahedeni zazinayo, njengommiselo, intsingiselo yesiko. I-Amitvolo yazisa amaSilamsi igcine iinjongo zobuhedeni kubugcisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukubaluleka kwemifanekiso emininzi ngoku siyazi. Ke, imiqondiso yelanga yimijikelezo elula, izangqa ezinemitha kunye neenkwenkwezi ezibhayilisayo - zibonisa ukuchuma; I-spiral ichaza amanzi, i-oasis; Uphawu lwamanzi yimifanekiso emiselweyo yedada; Iimpondo zibonisa iqhawe leentsomi ezintlanga ezininzi.
I-Islam itshintshe kakhulu ulwimi lwesimboli. Ngoku ibrashi yesandla iba yindawo ye "Dlann Allah." Kuyaziwa yimveliso exelela i-HAJJ kwi-MECCA ngokweenkcukacha. Nokuba iinkalo zohambo ziqwalaselwe kwanohonjiswa. Olu hlobo lwekhaphethi lufumene igama leMaraz.
Namhlanje, kunjalo, imizobo ecetyiswayo ihonjiswa ngokupheleleyo. Bayamangalisa ubutyebi bazo zonke iintlobo zezihombo - i-arabicque enamagama anqabileyo enezipilini, njenge "Cashmere", "Tekin", "Tebniz", "Taj Mahal", "Nin", "UKimman" njl. Kukho nee-shority ezizinzileyo zokuzonwabisa, zasongelwa ukutyhubela iinkulungwane: "Bakhtiyar" - igadi eyiParadesi, "koba" - idome, njl njl.
Iqela elilandelayo lemifanekiso ye-European Stelllication. Iindlela zeMpuma zivela eYurophu kwi-XVII-XVIII yeenkulungwane, emva koko zitshintshiwe ngokungqinelana neemfuno zefashoni, incasa, izithethe. I-Couroque yabonisa iBaroque, i-APR, iRococo, classism, yale mihla. Into ebangela umdla kukuba i-captor iphoxilo ngokungathi igxile kwizinto eziqhelekileyo zezitayile. Le meko iphuhla namhlanje. Kuyinyani, izitayile kunye nemikhombandlela iguqulelwa kumphezulu weemveliso, okwangoku, ubuchwephesha obuphezulu, ilizwe, uFirris. Ukongeza, abavelisi benza eyabo uyilo loyilo, besenza ingqokelela okanye imigca yoqobo. Ukukhetha okuhle kokuqokelelwa kwengqokelela kunokubonwa kwiNdlu yoRhwebo yaseRussia indlu. Iindawo zokuhlala zeKwamore Vague zibandakanya iikhaphethi ze-Belgian (Laguna kunye nemigca ye-Arte).
I-Arte yindlela ebonakalayo kumoya wamagcisa amakhulu akwa-xxek juan miro, pablo paicasso, i-kazemiry kazemiry yase-Kazimiry kunye nabanye. Umgca weSerengeti, ogama linguSunit lweGazi leGama elinye, elixhotyisiweyo lweenjongo zezihombo zaseAfrika kwi-beige-brown imibala. Inkangeleko entle kunye nePintong Merint, ikhaphethi le-capeftist ye-ratoracy dephu kwaye, kunjalo, idolophu yegolide yegolide kunye nesikolo sendlela.
Uyilo lweekhaphethi zanamhlanje luzityebi kakhulu kangangokuba wonke umthengi uya kuba nakho ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo ngokokuthanda kwayo, amathuba kunye nengaphakathi. Siza kuzama kuphela ukubhiyozela ezinye iindlela namhlanje.
I-squeek yokugqibela ibomvu. Kwana nangona kukho uburharha kunye nento yokuba "uthabatha kakhulu." Ungamisa kwiinguqulelo ezimbi zegolide, iithoni ze-pasnes zobuhlanga ziseyimfashini. Kusekhona iimveliso ezifanelekileyo ezifanelekileyo. Ziyindawo yonke, zilungele nakuphi na ngaphakathi kwaye azizinyanzeli, oko kukuthi, ngendlela yabo idemokhrasi. Inkampani ye-moscow ikhaphethi (i-Zalegorograd) yengcali kwiimveliso zoqoqosho. Ezi ayizizo iisampulu zexabiso elinzulu, kodwa iimveliso ezingaxolanga ukutshintsha ukuya eNew. Ifashoni kwaye kwangaxeshanye izisombululo ezinokufikeleleka zinikezelwa ngabathengi baseRussia ngeekhaphethi ezixineneyo nezokuhlekisa. Ii-stiks zoyilo loyilo ziyahluka kangako kwimisebenzi ekhethekileyo yexabiso eliphezulu. Ngamanye amagama, ukuveliswa kwesininzi namhlanje kudlalela iikopi zelungelo lokushicilela kunye neesampulu ze-vintage.
Ngokwahlukileyo, kufanelekile ukukhankanya malunga "neekhaphethi" zeskrafi ze "SORMOLILYO- nto leyo eyabonakala ngophuhliso lwemveliso yomatshini. Enkosi kwi-haircut ekhethekileyo yemfuyo, umphezulu wazo unokufumana ubume. Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona kunjalo, "iikhaphethi" ze-Scalptial zenziwe ngesandla, kwaye ukuphakama kwemfumba kunokuba yi-10-16 cm.
Intengiso yale mihla inika inkonzo eyodwa yeekhaphethi ezikwimizobo yomthengi. Ngendlela, abahlolisisi bangaphakathi bahlala bebongwa kakhulu kolu hlobo lwenkonzo. Ukongeza kumzobo, unokukhetha ubungakanani kunye nobume bemveliso, ukuphakama kwemfumba, ukuxinana kunye nezinye iiparamitha.
Iingcebiso kumthengi
Isitayile. Kwisithuba esingaphakathi ngaphakathi, ikhaphethi elixelisa i-mat iya kulunga kakuhle. Ulungiso lwayo olulula kunye nemibala yendalo ihambelana ngqo nezitayile ezininzi zanamhlanje. I-Aeesley uyifakishwe ubushushu kunye nentuthuzelo kwaye uninzi lwazo zonke zibuxabisa ukuthamba kuyo yonke imvakalelo yegama, uyakulungela iimveliso zeWood kunye ne-hared. Umzekelo, i-Iran, iPakistani okanye iNdiya, kunye nezihombiso zemveli kunye nemibala. "Iikhaphethi ezinamakhamathi aqingqiweyo zilungile kubantu abatshatingi bohlobo lweklasi. Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele uthotho lwezinto ezinesiFrentshi looOdes, ezenziwe ngokusekwe kwiikhaphethi ze-OGUSON.
Ukugcinwa. Zonke iikhaphethi ziyoyika amaphepha, amanzi abilayo, ilanga kunye namanundu. Ulwandle lunokuthintelwa ukuba luyimveliso ecokisweni kwaye ngokukhawuleza emva kokucoca omanzi kwaye ungazibeki kwimitha elungileyo yelanga. Ukuba ikhaphethi igcinwe kwivolumu evaliweyo (umzekelo, kwi-sundet), amaxesha ama-2-3 ngonyaka osabelana naye, sebenzisa iNaphthalene okanye indlela yokhuseleko kwinundu.
Ukucoca. Eli lishishini elinoxanduva kakhulu. Ke ukuba ungumnini wowonwabileyo we-goigim Kilim, nxibelelana ngcono neengcali. Nangona kunjalo, iikhaphethi zeli nqanaba azifane ziwe kwizandla ezingekho phantsi, kwaye abaqokeleli bathandana ukuba nobudlelwane obungapheliyo kunye ne-rebers.
Ukuba unesakhaphethi esibizayo somsebenzi wale mihla, unokuzicoca ngokwakho. Apha ixatyisiwe ngendlela yokucoca ikhephu. I-ETTATE Ikhaphethi yekhephu elitsha, ligalela umphezulu. Emva koko susa ibrashi kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo, zehlisa ikhephu elingcolisekileyo kwaye lithathe indawo entsha. Eyona nto iphambili kukukhumbula ukuba iikhaphethi zoboyika amanzi ashushu, ngakumbi amanzi abilayo. Ke ngoko, ukuba akukho qhwa lisondele, kuyimfuneko ukucoca ikhaphethi ngamanzi abandayo, uqala ngokwemvelo kwikona. Ehlotyeni, nkqonkqoza kwaye yome imveliso eselanga ebusweni, ukuthintela ukudinwa.
Ngamanye amaxesha unokuthulula ityiwa encinci emphezulu (ifumana uthuli). Ke kufanelekile ukuyisusa nge-vacuum cleaner. Kodwa akufuneki ukuba ihlukunyezwe yile, kuba xa icoca ikhaphethi ecaleni, kungenzeka ukwenzakalisa imfumba. Kungcono ukuvelisa kunye nokucoca i-vacuum ngesicoci sokuphumla, apho, ngendlela, siyathanda ukulungisa iMOLE.
Kwimeko yongcoliseko olunamandla, izisombululo zesepha ezikhanyayo ziyamkelekile ngokudibeneyo nebrashi, irhasi enesisombululo se-subre okanye i-ammonia. Ikhaphethi eqinileyo icocekile kukho iindlela ezininzi. Iimveliso ezimsulwa zoboya zihlanjwe kakuhle emanzini ityiwa kunye nokongezwa kwe-Amomia yotywala. Ukuphelisa inkqubo, ikhaphethi etya intambo kwaye ihlambe ekukhaleni amanzi amanzi ngentloko ye-acetic (itispuni yeelitha ezi-5). Ukuba kukho amabala amagwayithi ngaphezulu, kufuneka asuswe ekucoceni okuqhelekileyo ngamanzi afudumeleyo kunye ne-ammonia (1: 1 isisombululo). I-hemp, jute kunye nezinye iimveliso ezingezizo zoboya akufuneki zihlanjwe, kuba ingozi kukuba zilungisiwe. Kungcono ukubacoca nge-vacuum cleaner, ukungcangcazela okanye ukunkqonkqoza. Amabala ukusuka kumphezulu wazo zonke iintlobo zeekhaphethi zirhoxisiwe ngepetroli.
Ukubuyiselwa. Ukuba kukho imingxunya emincinci kwikhaphethi, ukubuyiselwa ngokulula kwemveliso evela kwicala elingalunganga kuvunyelwe. Indawo yekhefu inokuphinda iphindwe nge-canvas okanye ukungena. Nangona kunjalo, umgaqo ophambili wayo nayiphi na into oyibuyisela, njengamayeza, ayinabungozi! Sukwenza nantoni na engenakwenzeka ukuba ilungiswe. Akunakwenzeka ukusika ikhethe kuphela. Ukuba ubuncinci ukrokrela okuncinci ukuba ikhaphethi yakho yahlukile, nxibelelana nengcali.
Intengiso ye-Moscow Kovrov
| Umthengisi | Ukuvelisa ilizwe | Isixhobo | Ixabiso le-1M2, $ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indlu yekhaphethi. (iikhaphethi ze-handmade) | Iran | Uboya | ukusuka300 |
| isilika | I-OT750 | ||
| Fransi | Uboya | I-OT250 | |
| synthetics | I-74-500 | ||
| Bheljiyam | Uboya | 204-870 | |
| synthetics | I-62-300 | ||
| Phakistan | Uboya | I-OT240. | |
| "I-Silk Road" (iikhaphethi ze-handmade) | Iran | Uboya | ukusuka350 |
| isilika | ukusuka kwi-1000. | ||
| China | Uboya | I-OT200 | |
| isilika | ukusuka kwi-400 | ||
| Phakistan | Uboya | I-OT200 | |
| India, Nepal | Uboya | ukusuka kwi-1550 | |
| isilika | I-OT200 | ||
| "Ikhaphethi" (iikhaphethi ze-handmade) | Iran | Uboya | I-OT500. |
| isilika | ukusuka kwi-1000. | ||
| Phakistan | Uboya | I-OT250 | |
| India, Nepal | Uboya | Ot230. | |
| "Inkampani yeCoscow Carpet" (iikhaphethi zomsebenzi womatshini) | Iran | Uboya (30%) | I-58-82 |
| isilika | I-OT545. | ||
| synthetics | I-OT34. | ||
| Pholend | synthetics | I-19-41 | |
| Bheljiyam | synthetics | ukusuka ngo20 | |
| Yugoslavia | Uboya (30%) | ukusuka ku -1 | |
| India, Nepal | Uboya | I-OT58. | |
| Sawudi Arabhiya | synthetics | 26-311 | |
| Moldova | Uboya (30%) | 17-20. | |
| I-Velossia | Uboya | 29. | |
| Uboya (50%) | Shumi elinesthandathu | ||
| synthetics | Shumi elinane | ||
| Rhashiya | Uboya | Shumi elinesthandathu | |
| synthetics | I-14-15 | ||
| "I-salon ye-parade ingaphakathi" (iikhaphethi zomsebenzi womatshini) | Thayilendi | Uboya (30%) | I-700-1000 |
| isilika | 1600-2000 | ||
| acrylic | I-450-700 |
Ibhodi yokuhlela Enkosi ngoncedo lwamalungiselelo ezinto kunye nombutho weStudy Studio "Zili", indlu yokuthenga ye-catt, Ivenkile "isitayile saseJamani."