Iimpawu ezibonisa imeko ye-baroque. Iimpawu zokuhombisa zamkelekile kubomi bale mihla.
Ngaphezulu nangaphezulu, amagumbi amabini aphilayo, umzekelo wesisombululo sokuhombisa indawo ye-baroque. I-ennesty yezibuko kwiindawo ezinamafutha aqingqiweyo. Isisombululo esihleliweyo sisetyenziswa iRoyal kwaye kwangaxeshanye sidibanise i-inection ebomvu ngegolide
I-Palace Blenheim (eNgilani). Ibekwe phakathi kwepaki eqhelekileyo kwindala yaseFransi. Ulungelelwaniso lwendawo yokuhlala kunye neeflibles ezikufuphi nazo zihlangabezana nezimvo malunga nokuhambelana kwe-baroque
Ithala leencwadi. Uphahla luhonjiswe ngepeyinti, ukuxelisa iifom zezityalo kunye nezihombiso. Igumbi liyagcinwa kwiGolden Gold Galme
IKhabhinethi nge-Shinoisry. I-decor elula isebenza i-varnies emnyama nebomvu kwindibaniselwano kunye nokudakumba
Enye inguqulelo ye-baroque kule mihla. Igumbi lokuhlala lindiswe ngokupheleleyo ngoncedo lwesipili kunye nephaneli entle enomfanekiso wemo yoyiso-mhlaba iqhelekileyo
Igumbi elincinci lokuhlala lanamhlanje apho isitayile se-stylist ifanelekile okanye isitulo sokuphola
Igumbi lokuhlala lale mihla lezinto zokuhombisa ze-baroque: Kwisihluzi se-stucco, i-scocco iphinde iveliswe ziimilo ze-ZHHANDWOLES, kwiincwadana zefenitshala esebenzise imigca ye-baroque
'' NgeParadesi nakwibhotwe! Ndinike ama Sala zamNgemarble colonnade ukuya phezulu. Ndinike eyam
Malusi, kodwa, ukuba kunokwenzeka, zenzele iDukess! '
UVictor hugo '' ubunjiwe ''
Namhlanje kuya kufuneka sikhethe into eyamkelekileyo kubomi banamhlanje kwilifa lezityebi lesitayile seBaroque. Phambili komgca, siya kuchaza imiqondiso kunye nokwamkela, ukuya "kuthatha inqanawa yexesha lethu" eyona ibalulekileyo, iqaqambile kwaye iqaqambile. Ngoku, musa ukulibala malunga nokuphunyezwa kwesihlobo sokuphunyezwa. I-Votychychi evela kwiLouisxiv, asizibeki ukuba ngumsebenzi wexesha elingaphakathi kwinkulungwane kwisitulo ngasinye esiphindaphindwe emva komnini: "URhulumente ndim!"
Ke, i-barocco (i-Ital. I-Freeky, engaqhelekanga) - mhlawumbi eyona ngxaki yezitayile. I-AvalS Ayors eyahlula-hlulwa ngokuSebenzayo, iikholamu ezimbini nezigcweleyo, isizathu se-oval
Iipropathi zokuhombisa zesitayile
Sikhumbula ukuba zimbini iindlela zombutho wendawo, zangaphandle nangaphakathi, ziyakha, ziyakha, kwaye zihombise. I-Baroque yayiyindlela yokuphela koyingelelo. Ngaphezu koko, yonke imisebenzi yesakhiwo ngokuqinisekileyo ifihliwe yoyilo lwabaThuli. Kwangelo xesha, i-baroque sesi sitayile seplastiki, esikhupha i-curls elivulekileyo kunye nezihombiso ezintsokothileyo, iifom zefenitshala kunye nokupeyinta ekupheliseni indawo.Isitayile sendawo
Ukwakhiwa kwendawo kwendawo ye-baroque kwahlulwe ngokuphila, ukukhula rhoqo. Ukucaciswa kweClassical, i-static ngoku ingaphantsi kwento enamandla. Esi sakhiwo sibonakala sikhula kwindalo esingqongileyo, ibethwe ziindlela zakhe zangaphandle ezichazayo. Ingaphakathi iqala izitepsi, ngoko nangoko ichaza ithoni kwisithuba esingaphakathi. Imbonakalo ye-Enfilarn Enfilade iyaqeqesha enye intshukumo, inyanzela ukuba ikhulise i-cascade. Le cascade yesithuba inomtsalane ngakumbi kwaye kwangaxeshanye isibambiso xa udlala inqaku lesitayile seBaroque.
Nokuba yeyiphi na indawo eqaqambileyo ngayo, indawo ephuhlayo isazabalazela eyona ndawo iphakamileyo yegumbi okanye igalari yangaphambili. Intshukumo inokuba sengqiqweni, inamandla kumagumbi angaphambili kwaye isondelelene, encinci ethule kakhulu. Ngokungaqhelekanga kubantu abangenayo, utshintsho lwee-angles kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zeziphumo zokwenza izinto zasetyenziswa. Umzekelo, iholo yonyukile ngobuqhetseba, ngokukodwa eludongeni kunye nophahla. Kwakukho inkqubo yonke yenkunkuma eyakhayo exelisa ivolumu, indawo evulekileyo esenza umbono wobuxoki. I-Dynamics yendawo igxininise iifom ezinzima zefanitshala ye-baroque, inyani kunye ne-stucco diecor.
Isitayile sebhayiloji
Omnye wabaqeqeshi we-Baroque Ixesha yayingumyili we-Itali, isikrini kunye nomculi xviaiventi giovanni birnini. Kwakukho i-synthesis eyahlukileyo yoyilo kunye ne-skropture yenziwe. Ukusebenza zombini njengomdwebi, kwaye njengeshedyuli, uBernini washiya intetho emangalisayo yomfanekiso womntu, kunye nenani lekhathuni le-bitty, elenza omnye wabasunguli be-Art Caricature.Uthanda iVatican kunye noPopu, uBernini wafumana ezona myalelo icawe ilawulayo. Ngo-1624-1633 Georgia, wamisa ngaso esona sibingelelo seSt Patrol, i-chardic kaPeter, inkulu kunye nokunyuka kwakhe kwiBronze yakhe yokupeyinta. Isiseko soyilo yi-spirals egodweyo ye-spirals ehlekisayo edale isiphumo sokukhula okuqhubekayo. UBernini uBernini wanyulwa uyilo lweentloko zeSt. Ngaphezulu komnye umntu, iMaeestro inegalelo ekwenzeni izinto ezintsha ze-baroque koyilo lwesixeko esingunaphakade. Ngaphezu koko, u-Adusts ovelayo akazange ambonise umntu, kodwa, ngokuchasene noko, bawukhulisa, bomeleza i-adntic yomthendeleko wokuvela kweRoma.
Iiprojekthi kunye nemizobo yeBernini, imithombo yeqandayo eyakhiwe ngamanani acacileyo, obangela izinto zendalo. Oku "sisifo seTriyon" (kwi-barberini Square, 1640) kunye nomthombo wemilambo ezine (kwi-Navona Square, 1647-1652). Ukongeza, ngo-1656-1665, le ndawo yayiyenziwa phambi kwekamva kwe-St Peter, eyayiyigcina intsingiselo yayo njengeCawa ephambili yeLizwe lamaKatolika. UGrand, ngokwe-Ovalkonnade Dolonnade, ngokutsho kweBernwen ngokwakhe, "uqukumbela isakhiwo." Icawe kaSant Andrea Alquicyrina (1658) yakhiwe kamva, ethanda umbukeli onesingqisho seefom zayo, kwaye "izitebhisi zaseRoyada" zidalwe eVatican (166366). Enkosi kwiqhinga lokujonga ngobuqili, indoda ehla ukusuka phezulu ijongeka iphakame ngakumbi kunenyaniso. Ukumenyelwa eParis, kwiyadi yasebukhosini, uBernini wenza kwiiprojekthi ezili-1665 zemodeli yendlela entsha ye-Louvre, kwaye ngonyaka ka-1671-167 - iprojekthi yelitye lelitye le-Euischiv.
I-Baroque yaseRussia inayo imbali yayo, ithole kakhulu kuneYurophu. I-Menhikova Inqaba kunye nezakhiwo ze-Nryshinsky Barochko, i-Monhikov tower kwaye izakhiwo ze-Nryshshinsky Baroque zazigcinwe kakuhle, i-St. Ulwakhiwo oluqaqambileyo lweXviiIV, ababesebenza kwesi sitayela, kunjalo, uBartholomew (Bartolomew (Bartolomeo) rastrelli. Kukho izakhiwo ze-baroque kwaye, ngakumbi, abanye abantu baya kungqinelana: ibhotwe lasebusika, igumbi lasebusika, i-Ekaterninsky Palace kwi-Tsarskoye ye-Stlosburg. Ngumntu ngamnye ophakathi kwibhotwe eliyintloko yeKrem Krem yeKreylin: kwigumbi lokulala kunye negumbi lokuhlala le-empress, igumbi lokuhlala langaphambili, iofisi ye-Eperror, uSofa yangaphambili. Kuwo lonke ilizwe, isitayile sebhotwe se-ralace se-ralace sinokuqhayisa kuzo zombini iintloko.
Iworkshop
Ngoku khetha iindawo eziphambili ze-baroque ukuba ungasebenzisa ithuba lokudala ngaphakathi. Ukuqala, chaza izinto ezizinzileyo kunye neyokuhambisa izinto. Ngokusekelwe kwinto eya kuhlala ihleli kwaye ingasebenzi okanye iindonga, udonga okanye umgubo wefestile, umzobo womgangatho okanye umthombo wegumbi okanye unika izinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka ngaphakathi.
Inyathelo lokuqala. Fumana amathuba ekhaya lakho okanye indlu. Cinga, iifom ze-baroque ezikhulu nezise-Garoque) kunzima "kwi-40m2. Ingaphakathi le-Apack Baroque yangaphakathi inxulumene nolwakhiwo, umsebenzi wakho kukudibanisa inkangeleko kunye "nokuzalisa" kwesakhiwo.
Inqanaba lesibini. Yenza umzobo kunye nesicwangciso. Ukwenza oku, kubalulekile ukuba ubalo olungumzekelo lwethuba lonke lilonke kwaye igumbi ngalinye ngokwahlukileyo. Ngaphandle koko, ayiyi kuba nakho ukubalisa ubungakanani bezinto nganye ye-baroque oyekisa ukhetho lwakho, kunye nevolumu yokwenyani. Yenza imizobo embalwa, nganye kuzo inikezelwe kwisitayile esinye okanye isimbo.
Inyathelo lesithathu. Ukwakhiwa komgca kunye nokuhlala. Imizobo yokuqala iya kuchaphazela isisombululo sokucwangcisa. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, yenza i-mifilade. Ukuba akukho mathuba, zama ukusondela kwingxaki enobuchule, ukuxelisa indawo ye-baroque, "ijikeleza" ihambelana neZiko leMigangatho. Nanga amanqanaba afanelekileyo amanqanaba, phalarings phailis, izitepsi ezigqwethiweyo kunye ne-ries. Inxalenye ye-skets azinikezele kwizinto eziyimimandla, yiba yikholamu ejijekileyo okanye i-pilon.
Inyathelo lesine. Isiketi esilandelayo sinokuvumela ukuhombisa ngaphakathi. Masithi, senze umzobo wamagumbi ne-stucco, emva koko, ngokuguqukayo i-Decor, yongeza umhombiso ohle.
Ngoku ungama kwaye ujonge ngaphakathi. Okwangoku, kuya kufuneka wenze ukhetho lokugqibela phakathi kokuphinda kwenziwe kwakhona kwindawo yokuhlala kunye ne-act encinci ye-ratical yesitayile.
Ubume kunye nokuqulunqwa
Masithi ukhetha isisombululo sekhadinali-ukudala ubume bokucwangcisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-Baroque eyiyo eyilo. Apha singantlukwanga ngokuchasene nesiko lePalace yaseRussia Baroque, ukuba ugcina i-corridor. Igumbi lendlu yahlulahlulwe yangumboniso wangaphambili nangasentla, kwaye ipaseji isebenza njengohlobo lwegalari. Ii-arches zilungile, iikholamu (ezimbini okanye zijijeke), izibuko ezininzi.Iindawo zokuhlala zangaphambili zibandakanya igumbi lokuhlala, igumbi lokutyela, i-salon, mhlawumbi yiofisi. Ukutsala ubume begumbi lokuhlala negumbi lokutyela, khumbula ukuba ikhithi labo elisebenzayo nekhitshi okanye enye kwi-Baroque yangaphakathi ayimkelekanga. Ukuba unako ukufumana igumbi lokutyela elahlukileyo, musa ukuyityeshela yona. Inkxaso enkulu umoya wobunewunewu nobuninzi.
Amagumbi e-parade akwisiko ekungeneni. Zinokubekwa kumacala omabini egalari yegalari, ngaloo ndlela zidala okanye zixelisa iiholo ze-baroque kabini. Xa uhombise igumbi lokuhlala, ngenkalipho sebenzisa ngokupheleleyo isitayile sokuhombisa i-arsenal: i-stucco phails, i-confos, iifolokhwe, iziqwengana kunye ngakumbi nezibuko. Izibuko kwi-palace umhombiso unokuzinikela kumbongo wonke. Ibekwe kwimifanekiso, phezu kwemikhombane kunye neendawo zokucima umlilo, kunye nophahla, zityumza, zisandisa okanye zenze ii-angles ezingaqhelekanga. Ayikho enye indlela engakhange isebenzise isibuko lembongo kwaye ngobuchule. Ke ngoko, zama ukubonakalisa ubuchule obugqibeleleyo bezibuko zenkohliso kwikhaya lakho.
Umda kunye nevolumu
Xa uphinda-phinda ubungakanani kunye nemitha yesitayile, yenza kancinci. Ukulinganisa kancinci iikholamu okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, sebenzisa iifom ezijijekileyo kunye nezihluma. Ngaphezulu kwento oyifunayo ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ukuthozama, vula i-giller ukuya kumhlobiso weendonga kunye nefenitshala. Litshiswe kancinci, mayikhutshelwe ... utshintsho olubonakalayo kwimitha kunye nobungakanani obunokufezekiswa ngokupheka komgangatho wobubanzi kunye nokulungiswa kwekholamu.
Izisombululo zeplastiki
Kuyilo lweplastikhi lodonga, kulungile ukusebenzisa i-colonges ekhutshiweyo kancinci yemo yoxande okanye ye-semicircular ene-ritlity capitals. Inqwelomoya yodonga, ngaphandle kwezibuko, ukufaka i-scenic krward okanye i-vedares, ihonjiswe ngeeprofayili zoncedo. Ezi ndlela zenza indawo eguqukayo yeplastiki kwaye iguqule inqwelo-moya ibe yinqwelomoya "emva".Ukuthungwa
Ukusuka kwinguqu yeplastiki kuya kwizixhobo. Ezona zinto zixabisekileyo kwaye ezintle zazo ziya kuba marble. Namhlanje ukhetho lweembobe zokuhlobisa ububanzi kakhulu. Phila, ngemisitho kunye ne-Expresx ethambileyo, ukuqulunqwa kwezi zinto kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukusuka kwiMarble, awukwazi ukwenza iikholamu okanye indawo yomlilo evaliweyo, kodwa kukwaphinda. I-gloss yabo ebandayo iya kuchaswa ngokukhanya okufudumeleyo kokudakumba okuninzi. Mna ndikhulula kancinci le radiance ye-baroque ungayifanisa i-proermer okanye i-trellis enezixhobo zemfazwe kunye nentsomi. Ukuthambisa kwabo okuthambileyo, ukuthamba okuKhanyayo kuya kudala imeko yokusondelelana kwentembeko. Kwigumbi lokulala, igumbi labantwana, igumbi labantwana, linokusebenzisa zonke iintlobo zeDradet draft. Amagumbi ephepha ayakhankanya ukugcina ukuqaqamba ngokupheleleyo kwaye akhetha amalaphu ngendawo egudileyo - isilika, i-Atlas, ukudlula. Nditsho ulusu!
Iimpawu zokuhombisa
Unelungelo lokwenza into engaphakathi yangaphakathi, uyisebenzisa njengokuhlobisa. Isenokuba yi-arch, ikholamu okanye iPilaster. Ukuxeliswa kwale mihla, kusengqiqweni ukukhetha isizathu seConsole kunye nesingqisho esithile ngaphakathi, ngaphandle kokuguqula iinguqu ezinkulu zendawo. Ukwanda kwezinto zokuhlobisa ezoyikisayo ezenza umfanekiso webhotwe ngaphakathi, izibuko zibalulekile.Inqanaba lokugqibela lomsebenzi liya kufuna umzamo omncinci kwaye linqunyelwe kwi-ukubandakanywa kwi-International. Ukwenza umoya webhotwe, i-baroque iya kuba nesifundo esinye, eyona fenitshala yonke. Isitayile sangaphantsi kwebhedi yakudala nge-canopy, i-antiquau ye-antiquau okanye itafile yenenekazi yomthi wenaliti iya kwenza igumbi lakho lokulala okanye isebe lesebe laseLouisxiv.
Isitayile ngasinye esikhulu sifuna ukuba ubomi benene bufanelwe ziifom ze-IT. Ukubeka nje, isitayile yindlela yokuphila ye-of iboshwe kubugcisa. I-baroque i-chabs i-charm yamandla, iphupha elingunaphakade le-royiy. Esi sitayile siya kuhlala sinomdla wokutoyitha okuhle. Mhlawumbi, ke uyaphinda ubuyise kuthi phantsi kwamagama ahlukeneyo, iNeurokko, isitayile sebhotwe, njl. Ukuba unokwabela idyasi yakho ye-Arms kwisitayile esikhulu ngasinye, ye-Baroque le, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, iya kuba sisiphoso sentabalala.
Incwadana ye-Russian-uyilo
Ansfilada .
Baluster -Umqolo wekholamu, iingcingo.
Verdura -Ukutyunjelwe umngxunya we-gubifs yemifuno, imbonakalo yomhlaba, i-heraldry, kodwa ingemanani. I-Posnovna Verdrura yathandwa kwi-xvii.
Volle (It. I-Powuta, iileta. I-curl) -Ngabamba, umhombiso weskrafikhi kwifom ye-curl, spiral ene "iliso" kwiziko. Iinkcukacha zoyilo lweendawo zokuhlala zezakhiwo, amajoni, iingcango, iifestile. Inxenye yenxalenye yabaphengululi.
Lyrandol -Iikatiya zekhasethi ngamakhandlela amaninzi. Beka itafile okanye iqhotyoshelwe eludongeni. Ithandwa kakhulu kwi-baroque kunye ne-rococo ixesha.
I-Intarsia - Uhlobo lwe-Inraid kwiiplate zokhuni zolunye uhlobo kunye nemibala kwizifundo zomthi. Imimandla ye-intres ehonjiswe ifanitshala ngexesha lokuhlaziya kwaye ngakumbi baroque.
Ikhonkco .
Lepunina -Umhlobiso wokuhlaziya (oqiqayo, ohombisayo) ngaphandle nangaphakathi kwezakhiwo, njengomthetho, uphosa okanye ucinezelwe kwi-plaster, ikhonkrithi, njl.
Marquetry -U-Inlay, owenziwe ngokunamathela kwiipleyiti ezivela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkuni kunye nezinye izinto. Icebo laMarquetry lalithandwa kakhulu kwi-Baroque kunye nefanitshala yeRococo.
Isitayile seNryshkinsky (IAikzz Niryshkinskoye okanye iMoscow Baroque) -Imiqathango yaseNazillian, igama lendlela yendlela ye-XVIII ye-xviiiiiiiiiii. Ifakwe kwiicawa ezinamava amahle amaninzi (i-Inkilah kunye neTromky-Lykov) kunye nezakhiwo zeMhlando nge-daish emhlophe ebomvu.
Abalingane. (Pylon. I-Pylon, iileta. Isango, igalelo) -iintsika ezinkulu ezisebenza kwinkxaso yokuqhubela phambili okanye ukuma kumacala e-portal yesakhiwo, ukungena kwibhulorho.
I-poty -Intsana evela kwimisebenzi yobugcisa bokuhombisa ye-baroque kunye ne-rococo. Ifuzisela ubutyebi, impilo, ubuninzi. Ukungadinwa ziingelosi, apho i-priti isahlulahlulwe yimvelaphi yakudala kunye nempilo.
Rustic (I-Destickis- ilula, i-rustry) - i-Masonry okanye i-gaddring yeendonga ezinamatye kunye nomphezulu wobuso obuqhetseba okanye iRusta "); Ukujamelana ne-dudumetion kunokwenziwa kwi-Plaster ukuxelisa i-mandry enjalo.
Isitayile sokuxhaphaza -Indlela yefanitshala eyenziwe kwiworkshop kaCharles Mul (ukuphela kwe-xvii-kuqala ye-xviiiii ikhulu). I-pecality yale fenitshala yayiyiPhowter yemithi emnyama kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto.
Tdo -Imifanekiso ejikelezileyo ye-Rict. Ihlala ihleli, i-tdodu yabekwa ngaphezulu kwefestile okanye iminyango.
Shinozy (SPR. "IsiTshayina") -Indlela yokuhombisa ifenitshala kwi-China eliMeka.
Trellis - Ikhaphethi yodonga lwesandla.