Uphahla olucekeceke, uvulelekile kunye neebhaldies - ukhetho lwezisombululo zendalo, izixhobo, itekhnoloji.
Inkonzo enjalo indlela enophahla eligcweleyo alikhuselekanga
I-Persuver engaphambili,
I-Proproolatolar disbar,
I-Anti-Comary Grand I-Autend Autots,
G-Geomebrane Proupone
Ukuhamba kwamanzi, ukuntywila kunye nokuntywila kwe-Anticrond ye-Antikond Prand
I-Polythylene Manzif Pronene Tefrand Plus
Siyaqhubeka nokuxoxa ngesihloko sophahla lweflethi, oluphakanyiswe kwimagazini edlulileyo yephephabhuku. Namhlanje ufuna ukuxhobisela uphahla oluthile ekhayeni lakho, i-terrace evulekileyo kunye ne-balconies ezininzi. Zeziphi izisombululo zokwakha zendalo? Zeziphi izixhobo eziza kuthatha ithuba? Luhlobo luni lwenkampani oluthandayo? Sizamile ukuphendula le mibuzo kunye neminye imibuzo kupapasho lwethu olutsha.
I-PIAVNY STOMSLEY
Khawuleza kwisixhobo sophahla lwanamhlanje, uyabetha indlela uluntu ekude kakhulu kwi-canopy yokuqala. Ubungqina benkqubela phambili, ngokukodwa, ezahlukeneyo-nye zamkelwa kokwakhiwa kophahla. Yintoni exabisekileyo ubuncinci inkcazo ye-quidinary ye "Roob Pie", isetyenziselwe ukuyila uyilo lwe-multilayer, ukuxhwila ulwakhiwo!Ukwenza uphahla lwesakhiwo sendawo yokuhlala kuyacaca kwiimeko ezimbini: xa umsebenzi wayo ucingelwa (Masithi, kwi-dilution yecandelo okanye lolondolozo lwenkqubo yenkqubo yenkqubo) kwaye xa ifuna injongo yobugcisa. Amava okwakhiwa kweenkampani ezivulekileyo zoyilo kunye nezobunjineli kunye ne-bias encinci sele eqokelelwe kwiinkampani ezinkulu ezivelisa izixhobo zokuphamba kunye nophahla. Umzekelo, kwinkampani yaseFrance eSipharast, kwi-American Carlisle Syntec, iLizwe leMililo kunye neTebrane Spgourg, kwi-Merbus yaseJamani, kwiTekhnoloji yeSolvay, kwi-Soviachprom "kunye nabanye .
Uphahla olucekeceke ngokupheleleyo alukho. Zihlala zinamathambeka amancinci (B1- 4) embindini weNdlu. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwamanzi amanzi kwi-funclow ye-wanilage yangaphakathi. I-ofisi yeendawo eziphambili zihlala zishushu (intambo yokufudumeza ngombane) ukuze bangabi mkhuseli ebusika. Kukho amanzi ongezelelweyo esiphango aqhekeza amanzi okuhamba kwamanzi aphezulu.
Uphahla lwendiza lufumana imithwalo ye-thaipmic hayi kuphela ehlotyeni, kodwa ebusika. Ihlala inyibilikisiwe kwikhephu elinyibilikiswe phantsi kwempembelelo yokuphuma kwentliziyo ukuphuma endlwini. Eyona ndawo ilunge ngakumbi yobushushu kunye ne-vaporizore, engaphantsi kwesisongelo sokuvuza.
Kodwa okokuqala, ukuxhathisa uphahla kumisela ukuthembeka kophahla. Imagazini yethu sele ipapashe isishwankathelo sezixhobo zophahla lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kwaye zabanika uhlalutyo lothelekiso ("izixhobo zophahla zangoku: Zintoni?")
Okwangoku, ikhaphethi ephambili yokufumana amanzi enziwe ngokwenzelwa kwizixhobo ze-bitumer-polymeric kwindawo engavuthanga. Owona mgangatho uphambili yingubo eqengqelekayo kwi-subsers kwi-bibers ye-elastic nge-oxid bitamen ye-oxidled bibid, iguqulwe yi-APA kunye ne-SBSYE. Uluhlu lwezi zinto zibandakanya amakhulu amagama. Ukukhethwa kwe-Brand kumiselwe zizinto ezininzi: Iimpawu zoyilo lophahla, indawo yeNdlu, imozulu, imozulu, njl. I-Roll i-waldided ukuya kumphezulu nge-burner okanye i-rurner yokwakha. Kukho iingubo zokuzincama. Izixhobo ze-polymer ye-bimous zixabiso eliphantsi, zinokusetyenziswa kumphezulu kunye nakuphi na ukukhetha. Kodwa apha ukuba uphahla olusebenzayo lokudibana nalo akwanelanga, omnye ngaphezulu, ungqindiso oluhlala luhleli (i-tile, igravel, i-scemed, njl.) Iyafuneka. Nangona kunjalo, emva "kokuqinisa", izinto ezibonakalayo ziya kunika amandla, ukuqina kunye nokulula kokubeka i-membrane ebiza kakhulu.
I-EPDM membrane (i-Ethylene-proplene-monomer) ngu-Elastomer wale mihla. Ivumela ixesha elifutshane lokugubungela iindawo ezinkulu zophahla. Ububanzi bomgangatho-ukusuka kwi-1m ukuya kwi-15m, ubude-ukusuka kwi-15 ukuya kwi-61m. Ziqhagamshelwe omnye komnye usebenzisa i-tepi yokuzibulala. I-EPDM membrane ine-elastity ephezulu (i-elongwetion ephezulu ye-300%) kunye nobunzima obuphantsi (1m2 ngobungqingqwa be-1.15mm buights i-1,4kg). Ubomi obubaliweyo bokwezixhobo zingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50. Abanye sele besebenza ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40. Zonke ezinye ii-membrane zisetyenziswa kutshanje, ngoko abavelisi baseYurophu abasayinikezeli isiqinisekiso kubo ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10. Inkonzo yobomi be-PVC Mgrane kunye ne-membrane "Ukusuka" ukusuka kumzuzu wokusetyenziswa kwawo okokuqala sele kungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-25. Abalinganiswa abaziingcali baqinisekisa ukuba ezi zixhobo zinokusebenza ngelinye ixesha.
Owona mvelisi we-membrane omkhulu yi-carlisle syntec ifakwe (i-USA). I-membrane ye-tepk (kwirabha ye-proplene proplene ye-proplene proplene) ngobungqingqwa be-1.14mm ithe yabekwa kuyo nayiphi na indlela ezinokwenzeka kuzo zonke iindlela ezaziwayo. Ilungele ukungqubana kwamanzi kwimigangatho yeflethi enethambeka elincinci. Ukusebenza kophahla kunye nezakhiwo zobunjineli ezigutyungelwe zi-membranes ezinjalo, umvelisi ubonelela ngezinto ezininzi ezincedisayo. Umzekelo, njenge-bitude ye-bitumer engaphambi kokuba i-bitumer membrane ccw-711, iPolyethylene Drainage eqinisekileyo-HD, i-racks ye-hid, iqinisekisa ukuba lula i-membrane.
Kwilizwe lethu, i-membrane ye-EPDM ivelisa inkampani "i-sovirherPrigh". Izinto ezibonakalayo "Polycoc" eziveliswa yiyo inezinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo - p (eqhelekileyo) kunye ne-APG (Sponden yi-Groads). Ngokweempawu zayo zomzimba kunye noomatshini kunye nokusebenza, oku ukungqengqa ngokuthelekiswa ne-arhentears yaseMelika, kodwa iphindwe kabini.
I-TPO-polymer yezinto zesizukulwana sokugqibela esekwe kwi-thermoplastic polyoolefins. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-TP-membrane ilungele apho kuqwalaselwa okuntsonkothileyo okanye apho umngcipheko womonakalo woomatshini kwikhaphethi yophahla (nditya ephahlani olusebenza). Izinto eziza kuqengqeleka kwi-95 cm ububanzi kwaye i-1.8m. I-seams ixhunyiwe yi-welding. I-TPO i-racks engaphezulu kwiimpembelelo zoomatshini kunye neekhemikhali kune-EPDM, kodwa iguqulwe kancinci kwaye i-elastiki, ingakumbi kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ifumana ukusetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimimandla esemazantsi. Owona mvelisi udumileyo, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1998 kwaye umboneleli wale nto uye eRussia, i-Inder yaseMelika iGepleflex. I-membrane efanayo yenziwa kwaye inikezwe kwi-carlis yethu yelizwe.
I-PVC (PVC-P) yindawo enomgangatho ophezulu we-ellaistic kwi-polyvinyl hloride. I-Weldid ngomoya oshushu njenge-TPO. I-PVC Membrane iqiniswa i-Polyster Mesh ibonakaliswa ngamandla aphezulu ukuya kwi-punklor, iskimu sombala obanzi (iiseti ezili-9), sinamandla okusebenza kakuhle. Uhlobo lophahla "I-Green Lawn" ivelise izinto ze-fungicidal. Kukho i-pvc membrane efana neLimoleum. Kuya kuba ngaxeshanye dlala indima yokugqibezela ukuphindezela kunye nokufaka amanzi. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-PVC membrane ngokufanelekileyo kunene kwiimeko apho akunakwenzeka ukulungelelanisa umphezulu okrwelelwe umgca kwisizathu esithile. Izinto ezilungileyo zilungile kwaye zidibene neendawo zokuxhaphaza kunye nophahla olungagungqiyo. Inkampani yeBelgian Alcor Draka, eyinxalenye ye-Solvay yamakhamamikhali yeSolvay, ivelisa kwaye ibonelele nge-alkorplan pvc membrane eRussia. Zilungele ngokulinganayo ukuphahlathwa kwamanzi kunye nokulungiswa kwakudala, nakuphi na ukukhetha. I-AlKorplan ingena roll, inobubanzi obungu-1.6 okanye 2.1 m, ubude be-20m kunye nobungqingqwa be-1.2 mm.
Ewe, ayiyi kuba yi-membrane ibe yikhaphethi engaphucukileyo kunye nenqwelomoya kwaye ayiyi kucinywa kwimpembelelo yomoya? Zintathu iindlela ezisisiseko zokulungisa izinto kwindiza. Ukukhetha kuxhomekeke kuyilo lophahla, izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye neempawu zokusebenza.
Eyona nto inoqoqosho kunye nendalo iphela yindlela yokuncamathisela i-ballast. Isiseko esixokayo kwisiseko se-membrane simiselwe kuphela umda kunye neendawo zohlengahlengiso kumphezulu othe nkqo. Ngokusekwe kuyo ibanjwe ngoncedo lwe-ballast: i-pebble, igravel, iibhloko zekhonkrithi okanye (ukuba kukho ilungu lophahla olusebenzayo, i-balcony, i-terrace) ye-terrace. Ukwahluka kwenkqubo ye-ballast yindawo yophahla lophahla apho i-thermage ye-insub ye-sullsm) ifakwe kwi-membrane. Izinto ezicekisekayo zesizukulwana esitsha, ezifanelekileyo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kunye nophahla lwe-furti, imagazini yethu ikwaziyo nomfundi ("New 'impahla"). Indlela ifanelekile eluphahleni ngesiseko esomeleleyo, sisalele umthwalo owongezelelweyo we-700pa (ukongeza kubunzima bophahla ngokwalo).
I-membrane emiselweyo icetyiswa kwiimeko apho umthwalo owongezelelweyo kwizakhiwo ezongeziweyo ayamkelekanga xa iiparapets okanye iiplamu ezihleliweyo azikho. Kwezixhobo zophahla zezi njongo, i-TPO okanye i-PVC membrane ilungele. Ukulungisa ukukhohlisa kumphezulu kwenziwa kwi-Seams kunye nokuzibeka ngokuzinzileyo.
Okokugqibela, i-membrane yophahla inokuqubeka ngokupheleleyo kwisiseko. Le ndlela iyacetyiswa ikakhulu eluphahleni olunamagqabantshintshi anzima, kunye nemithwalo eyomeleleyo yoomatshini (umoya ongaqondakaliyo). I-canvases egcwele (ephekiweyo) iqhotyoshelwe kwisiseko seglue ekhethekileyo. Ukukhetha le ndlela yokufakwa, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba i-glue iglue kunye ne-membrane iyahambelana.
Iindlela zokwenza uphahla lweenkqubo zophahla
| I-many kwi-screw screen | ||
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Ngokuphathelele amaxabiso ezinto ezicetywayo ezicetyiweyo kunye ne-polymer membrane, emva koko uthelekiso olulula uyakwazi ukwazisa umthengi kwinkanuko. Qwalasela, ii-upolymer ezibiza kakhulu i-polymer zifakwe kwi-faminer enye kwaye azifuni iindleko ezibalulekileyo zokufakwa, ngelixa uphahla lwezinto ezihamba ngexabiso eliphantsi zifakwe kwizingqiso ezimbini zisebenzisa igesi, zityhalela i-mastic kunye nezinye iingoma ezincedisayo. Ngenxa yoko, i-polymer membrane ixabisa umthengi akasayi kubiza kakhulu. Ixabiso eliphakathi le-1M2 eliphezulu le-1M2 exhotyiswe izixhobo ze-bitume eziguqulweyo ziguqulwe ngoovimba bePolymer yi- $ 4; I-EPDM-membrane enezinto ezinamacandelo-ukusuka kwi- $ 8.5; I-TPO kunye ne-PVC membrane ngamacandelo-ukusuka kwi- $ 9.5; I-membranes "Iindawo zokuhlala" "kunye nezinto-ukusuka kwi- $ 18. Umsebenzi wokufakwa kwee-polymer memmranes ubiza umthengi we- $ 3-5 nge-1 m2. Ixabiso lokufakelwa kwi-Extriusion Polystrene Fills Forms Bormf okanye i-Dow Chemicals yi- $ 175 ye-1M3. Kuxhomekeka kubume bophahla, i-tercony, i-balcony, iindinyana, iindleko, iindleko zezinto zokwenza izinto kwaye zisebenza kakhulu zinokulungiswa kakhulu.
Malunga nokuthanda abanye abantu
Kumzabalazo womthengi, inkampani ayisoloko inyusa uluhlu lwezixhobo zokuphahla kunye nokuphucula iipropathi zazo, kodwa ikhulise iinkqubo zezinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye netekhnoloji yokusetyenziswa kwazo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokwakha kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokwakha. Oko kukuthi, ukhetho lwezinto ezisebenzayo nezilungelelanisiweyo zenza uMvelisi. Umyili uhlala kuphela ukuze asebenzise inkqubo ngokuchanekileyo. Kwakhona, i-anagy enekeyiki isetyenziswa: iapile, cherry, inyama ... Khetha ukungcamla.Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezijolise kwisixhobo sophahla oluthile lweflethi zibonelela nge-siplast, isalathiso, i-Tegola, i-Icoutal, Schomb. Kuba umphuhlisi wabucala usondele kwimbono ye-cottage, sinika njengomzekelo ukhetho lwenkqubo yohlobo lophahla olusebenzayo "uphahla oluhlaza" kwisiseko sekhonkrithi.
Isiseko sinokuba bobabini bengama-hoft-inshurensi (i-Perlite okanye i-polystrene foam plethi, i-polystthane foam) kwaye engafakwanga. Kwimeko elandelayo, izinto ezinyanzelekileyo ze "phayipha yophahla" ziba ziingqengqelo ze-vapor ukuthambisa, ukutshisa amanzi, izixhobo zokwenza amanzi, izixhobo zokwenza amanzi kunye nemihlaba yangaphandle yomhlaba. Ubuninzi kunye nokuqulunqwa kwelokugqibela kungenxa yohlobo olukhethiweyo lwezityalo eziluhlaza. I-Ombolis yezixhobo zeNkampani zinegalelo ezongeziweyo zazo.
Ewe kunjalo, inkampani yokwakha inokuqulunqwa kobume bayo bezinto ezivela kubavelisi abahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, i-vaporizolytor ye-paroc, i-imenteover ye-imente, hydroelector "hydrotect-y". Kodwa iziphumo zendibaniselwano enjalo ayikholwanga.
Inkampani yaseFransi inikezela ngoncedo lwengubo yophahla oluhlaza. I-Gragajardin Inkqubo yokuKhuselwa kwamanzi kabini. Le yindibaniselwano yezixhobo ze-gravieplex ezinongeziweyo ezizodwa ezinezongezo ezikhethekileyo ezikhokela iingcambu zezityalo ngokuhambelana nomphezulu wokungqinga amanzi (efihla intshabalalo ye-preflex. Ezona zibonelelo ziphambili zesisombululo esicetywayo zezi:
- Ukwenza lula inkqubo. Amandla ezinto aphepha ukuthintela indlela yesiqhelo yokukhusela amanzi ngekhonkrithi i-Consed kwaye inqabile i-gravel clovel cheminage (ngamanye amaxesha ifikelela kwi-100mm i-100mm).
- Ukuxhathisa kakhulu kumonakalo woomatshini, imithwalo kunye nokwaluphala.
Le ndlela yokuthintela ishishini isebenza kwisalathiso. Kodwa inika ukuyifaka kwi-SURURY DEATION CLEATION ngefilimu ye-polymer esele ifakwe kuyo. I-tumola kwi "Pie" ibala le-difond drain prain kunye nezinto ezenziwa ngumsebenzi wokwenza amanzi kunye nokuntywila. Ngumphamzana wePVD nge-pick ephithizelayo ephindwe kabini, iSeam yeSeam kunye neGeotextlene (Polypropylene).
Inxalenye eqhubekayo yophahla lwe-polymer ye-polymer ye-polymer. Ibunjiwe kwilaphu elinamachaphaza ee-spikes ezijikelezileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8mm kunye ne-hill galls. Izibalo zithintela inkqubo ngamasuntswana oMhlaba, kwaye ii-spikes ezijikelezileyo ze-spinages zenza amajelo athunyelwa kuwo amanzi aqholiweyo. Into ephambili, eso sisombululo sikuvumela ukuba ulayishe ikhaphethi yokufaka amanzi kwimpembelelo yomhlaba kunye ne-ballast (enokukhokelela kwi-Ruptus, ukukrala kunye ne-PCTUM). I-membrane enjalo isetyenziselwa ukukhulisa amanzi kunye nokuthambisa izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zokwakha.
Ixabiso le-1 m2 le-polymer membrane ene-geotex nganye evela kubavelisi abahlukeneyo basuka kwi-4 yeedola ukuya kwi-8 yeedola. Ixabiso elipheleleyo lokulala kwayo lixhomekeke kumsebenzi othile.
Enye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo yinkqubo esebenzayo ye-terric kwisiseko sekhonkrithi. Ewe kunjalo, i-membrary ye-anti-coronary apha ayinto. I-heathers izikhangeli azifane zisetyenziswe. Umzekelo, i-siphost, umzekelo, ibonelela ngokwamanqanaba omgangatho we-terrace we-vapor yokufakelwa, ukwahlula kunye nokomeleza ie-gazi, amanzi okwenza amanzi.
Ekwakhiweni komgangatho we-terace kwikhonkrithi, iindlela zokutywina kwe-adjoins (kstenam, imibhobho) kunye nokwenziwa kwamanzi, kunye nokwenziwa kwamathumba okungendawo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Le nkqubo isebenzisa impahla ebiyelwe ngokukhululekileyo ngokudibeneyo kwe-heranheds kunye ne-tende ye-tender (ibhendi yebhendi ye-Welding). Njengommiselo, umgangatho uye wancitshiswa ngokujongana neethayile kwiinkxaso ezihlengahlengisiweyo okanye ezigutyungelwe kumgangatho wamaplanga. Inkxaso yenza ukuba ikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenkqubo ye-Winder ezimbini ngexabiso lecala elinye. Kukwenza kube lula uyilo lwezinyeliso kunye nemilinganiselo.
Inkampani yaseJamani inika itekhnoloji yayo esekwe ekusetyenzisweni njengesisombululo samanzi (ukubopha okuthile) isisombululo sesamente. I-Universal Izinto ezingenamanzi ze-AquaFin-2K zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela ngokuchasene ne-terraces yokufuma kunye neebhaldies ngethambeka elincinci neli-zero. Inzuzo yesisombululo sezobugcisa sikaSchomburg ngokuncitshiswa kokufakwa kwengqokelela yamanzi (ukwakhiwa kwayo kufakwe kwi-roller, ibrashi okanye i-sping kwi-2-3 ye-2-3). Izinto ezivelayo ze-Aquadin-2K zinesifo se-elastic, inesifo sokubiyela izinto ezininzi, umphunga ngokusisigxina, ukuxhathisa imitha ye-UV, ibanda, ifumane ukumelana nokunganyangeki kwe-themospic supciatity. Ngqo kwi-thenter yokufaka amanzi ngoncedo lweglue ye-elastic kunye neprinter ephezulu ye-UNIX-2K, enokwazi ukubonelela ngentlawulo yexesha elide yexinzelelo lokukhathazeka, kumgangatho wethayile.
Okokugqibela, inguqulelo yesithathu yesakhiwo sokwakha esivulekileyo se-bias encinci kwi-Bhaas encinci kwikhonkrithi okanye isiseko somthi kunye nokubekwa kwenkungu kunye nokuhonjiswa kweethayile ze-ceramic. Ukupheliswa kwamanzi kwebhalconies yenziwa ngamaleko amabini ezixhobo ezinqabileyo zokuzincama (i-polymer-bit-bit okanye esekwe kwifayili yesamente). Bangena kwiNtlalontle kunye ne-STAMS ENTO YOKUGQIBELA Ukugqitywa kwenziwa ngokujongana neethayile ze-ceramic kumanqanaba kwiitekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo.
I-splast kwiimeko ezinjalo isebenza ngeparadiene35sRR yezinto ezingenamanzi, ezibekwa kwimigca emibini. I-Schombsurg ibonelela ngesisombululo sezobuchwephesha efanayo nakwiindlela.
Izinto ezizezixhobo zanamhlanje kunye neetekhnoloji zisinika namhlanje, apho ootata bezinto ezizakhiweyo nabakhi bexesha elidlulileyo abanakuphupha. I-teraund evulekileyo ebezingasemva kwemimangaliso esixhenxe yehlabathi iba yinyaniso yonke imihla eRussia namhlanje. Isibhedlele, sisombulula iingxaki ezinzima kunye neengxaki zeTechnology kwaye iingxaki zokwakha zihlala zizama abantu abaneleyo. Nokuba ngubani oza kukwakha isakhiwo nophahla olusebenzayo olusesihlahlayo, indawo engaphandle kunye ne-balcony, kufuneka ilungiselelwe kuyilo, kufuneka ilungiselelwe uyilo, ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kwento. Kodwa izibonelelo ziyabonakala: igadi yophahla kunye ne-ternscourt, imbono emangalisayo malunga nonyaka, ukwahluka koyilo lwekhaya lakho ... akoyiki kumphezulu othe tyaba, manene! Ukuba wenze yonke into elungileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo baya kuba bahle, banokuthenjwa, baqine kwaye banike ulonwabo kuwe kunye namalungu osapho lwakho.
Imizekelo yeJomemmbran
| Igama | Umvelisi |
|---|---|
| "Drenz" | Rhashiya |
| "Sndelin" | "I-Onulin", iFrance |
| Delta. | I-Doorken, iJamani |
| Iproteok Protefon. | Isalathiso, i-Itali |
| I-TeFOnd Drain. | I-Tegola CandomeEse, Itali |
| Umnyama | Mnarflex, Denmark |
Abahleli bebulela inkampani "zamazama" ukuba zincedise ekulungiseleleni izinto.