Iipleyiti zegesi. Iinkalo zokusebenza, iimpawu zokuthelekisa iimodeli ezingeniswe ngaphakathi nezasekhaya.
Ngaba uyazi, uninzi lwabahlali bethu banxulumana nebinzana elithi "Ikhaya"? Kunye neengcali zentlalo ziyazi: ngesitovu sekhitshi, kwaye uninzi lwerhasi, ngokukhanya. Ewe, njengoko imbongi ithe: "Ewe, ndikhangela, kanti, ndingobuqhetseba, kodwa ndithembekile." Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, yena, ukuzalwa, kunye nokutya, kunye nee-heats, kwaye uguqula ikhitshi kwindawo enoyikekayo ukunxibelelana nosapho kunye nabahlobo abasondeleyo. Ngaba isakwazi ukuba ngummangaliso wetekhnoloji yale mihla? Makhe sixoxe.
Ngohlobo lwamandla asetyenzisiweyo, iipleyiti zasekhaya zinokwahlulwa zi-piel eqinileyo (i.e. iinkuni okanye amalahle), igesi kunye nombane. Ilungele ukusebenza kwezi zimbini zokugqibela. Ngapha koko, umzabalazo weempawu zabathengi zenziwa phakathi kwabo ngempumelelo eyahlukeneyo. Isikhundla esiphakathi sixakeke ziipleyiti ezidibeneyo apho abaxubha bathathu berhasi bekufuphi ne-electrocontunge (Rhoqo i-2 + 2) okanye endaweni ye-oveni yegesi isebenzisa umbane.
Ngoku, ukuze ndithethe, malunga nesikhundla esikwisithuba. Ngenxa yesi siseko, iipleyiti zegesi zahlulwe zaba ziiNtsapho ezimbini ezinkulu: Ibilisiwe kwaye yakhiwe. Okwangoku, ezo modeli ziqhelekileyo zale milinganiselo ilandelayo yeyona ixhaphakileyo: 5050cm (encinci) kunye ne-6060cm (enkulu). Kwiminyaka yokuqala, ubungakanani obuPhakasiweyo babonakala eRashiya - i-5353cm. Ukongeza, kukho iimodeli zeDesktop eziphathwayo.
Abavelisi abahlukeneyo babonelela ngeentlobo-ntlobo zezitovu zegesi, zihlala zilingane ngaphezu komnye nomnye. Yeyiphi oza kuyikhetha, ngumbuzo lowo. Kuya kufuneka uyiphendule ngokwakho. Ishishini lethu licacisa ukuba lo mfanekiso uwonke, uphosa i-husk yentengiso.
Uhlalutyo, sisebenzisa umxholo owamkelwe rhoqo "osemgangathweni wexabiso" lomgangatho ". Imeko apha yonke into ibonakala icacile: ukuba isezantsi njani, ilunge ngakumbi kumthengi. I-Avata yombono "womgangatho" ifuna ukucaciswa. Siyayikhangeli njengokukwazi komzimba wokwanelisa iimfuno ezingaphezulu ngaphandle kokulungiswa kwaye yonyusa ixabiso.
Ukuqala, cinga ngosapho olukhulu lweethayile zegesi nganye. Malunga nezityalo ezilishumi ezizivelisa, uninzi lweminyaka emi-40 eyadlulayo kwaye luvelisa iimodeli eziphelelwe lixesha. Esona sityalo sikhulu kwaye sisezakwa zanamhlanje, sakhe e-USSR, ngu "Brestgazapparat". Ngaye, itekhnoloji yakutshanje kunye nezixhobo zathengwa ngeSoviet-Time, zivumela ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sezigidi zeepleyiti ezikumgangatho ofanelekileyo ngonyaka.
Ukuphulukana neRussia ekuqaleni kwe-90s yomvelisi ophambili weepleyiti zerhasi (G. Brast) enyanzele umzi-mveliso wokuqala we-rao ukuya kwi-Tchaikovsky nakwindawo yokuthenga isibonda esikhulu kwi I-Bresthazoapparate ishishini. Kwangelo xesha, isityalo esitsha sokuveliswa kweepleyiti zekhaya sidalwe ngokwesiseko soMbutho weMveliso yePubza "I-Eutt". Ukulungiselela le njongo, inkampani yase-Itali delonghi ifumana ilayisensi, ithengiwe kwitekhnoloji yale mihla. ERussia, eRashiya 'umdlali ", olawula ngaphezulu kwe-50% yentengiso, ngumnini wentengiso ye-Gefvest. Emva koko, abavelisi abakhuphisanayo beepleyiti ze "Dena" (G.Chaikovsky) kwaye uDe Lue (Pyynza) uyakhuphisana, kwaye emva koko bonke abanye. Kumashishini awathi "enye", imeko, kunjalo, yahluke kakhulu. Umntu uvelisa i-theste enye okanye amawaka amathathu e-tetscha kwaye unoxanduva lwayo i-niche, kwaye umntu othile ixesha elininzi lingasebenzi.
Kwezinye iindawo zerhasi zerhasi ezifakelweyo zifakwe isixhobo esimisa ngokuzenzekelayo igesi kwi-burner ukuba idangatye liphume. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokulawula igesi. Izinto zayo eziphambili yi-Sensor yeflethi (njengommiselo, yi-thermocouple) kunye ne-elektromagnetic evaliweyo evale ityhubhu egqobhoza ityhubhu yegesi yegesi. I-thermocouple ifakiwe kufutshane ne-burner kwaye, ukulawula ukusuka kwidangatye, kuvelisa i-voltage apho ivaliwe khona ivalve evaliweyo. Xa idangatye liphuma (umzekelo, ukusuka kumngxunya womoya onamandla okanye ngenxa yokuyeka ukubonelela ngegesi), amaqondo obushushu e-thermocouple ancipha, i-voltage ivale kwaye ivalve evaliweyo ivala ityhubhu yonyuselo lwegesi. Xa ucinezela amandla kwitotshi, ivalve ivula. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokwenziwa kuphela emva kwexesha elithile (30-90 imizuzwana) emva kokuba ilangatye liphume.
UDe Lue kunye neeplate ze-dedrina zenziwa kwiisampulu zaseYurophu, imveliso yenziwa ngezixhobo zanamhlanje. Ukusilela ngenxa yeempazamo ezakhayo kwezi plates kungabikho, kuba kuthathwa njengesiseko ingesoyona modeli ibalaseleyo, kodwa kodwa ithemba. Esona siphene esiqhelekileyo sinxulunyaniswa nokuPhunyezwa okungachanekanga kokusebenza komntu ngamnye kunye nenkqubo yendibano xa iyonke. Umzekelo, kusoloko kukhokala kwi-enamel ukudibanisa okanye ucango lwehoveni.I-Plated Pete de Luxe kwaye "uDarna" phantse. Kukho iimodeli kunye ne-cromomotive crurmotive, ngaphandle kwawo. Ngapha koko, i-ruble yokuqala ixabisa kakhulu, ngoko ke ngokomgangatho "wexabiso le" phawu "liyingozi ngakumbi ukuthatha iplate ngaphandle kokuthenga i-ruble yombane kwaye ithenge ii-rubles ezingama-80. Irhasi yekhaya ilula. Ngendlela, iya kubonelela ngogutyulo oluthembekileyo ngaphandle kweengxaki ze-voltage kwigridi yamandla. Kuyimfuneko ukuba uthathele ingqalelo into yokuba "iiplate" ze-darina "zenziwa ngaphantsi kweminyaka emibini kwaye, nangona imveliso yabo iyanda ngokukhawuleza, kusekho amanani anokuthenjwa. Iipleyiti ze-Deb zikho ngaphezulu kweminyaka emihlanu, sele isungulwe itekhnoloji yendibano, umgangatho ulungile.
Abavelisi beepleyiti zerhasi yangaphandle
| Umvelisi, ilizwe | Uphawu lwentengiso | Inani leemodeli, ngaphezulu | Ixabiso *, iwaka ruble. |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Aeg, iJamani | I-aeg | Ntlanu | I-10-15 |
| I-Ardo, i-Itali | I-Ardo. | 10 | 7-11 |
| I-Bompini, i-Itali | I-Bompini. | Ntlanu | 6-10. |
| I-Bosch, iJamani | I-Bosch. | 10 | 9-13. |
| Brandt, iFrance | Brandt. | Ntlanu | I-11-15 |
| Kaiser, Germany | Kaiser. | 10 | 8-13 |
| I-Merlon, Itali | I-Ariston. | 10 | 7-12. |
| I-Indet. | 10 | 6-10. | |
| I-Simiens, iJamani | UImiens. | Ntlanu | I-10-14. |
| I-EshfarolUx, Sweden | I-electrororoux | 10 | I-10-14. |
Enye into. Umthengi kufuneka azi ukuba izixhobo zombane zasekhaya ezinomsebenzi omkhulu zifuna iimeko ezizinzileyo ngexesha lokusebenza. Ukulahleka ngabo, ngelishwa, kuya kufuneka uphuphe. Masithi, iyaziwa ukuba ekuseni kwaye ngokuhlwa ngokusebenzisa irhasi enkulu, ingcinezelo kwindawo ephezulu inokuhamba ithelekiswa namaxesha ama-2-3. Ukuncitshiswa kwe-voltage kwinethiwekhi yombane ayisiyonto ininzi, kodwa kwenzeka ngexesha elifanayo ngosuku kwaye liphethwe kwihlaso lokucinezelwa kwegesi. Oku kunokukhokelela ekusebenzeni okungazinzanga kubanzi bombane kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwerhasi.
I-Russian Gost R 50696-94, ngokuhambelana noyilo kunye nokusebenza kweepleyiti zaseRussia, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukutshintsha kwegesi. Ke ngoko, izitovu zegesi kufuneka zisebenze ngokuthe chu xa uxinzelelo lutshintsha ukusuka kwi-650 ukuya kwi-1800 pa kwingcinezelo ye-1300 pa. Ukuthelekisa: I-En-30 emiselweyo, elawula iplate zerhasi yekhaya eYurophu, ichaza uxinzelelo lokutshintsha izihlandlo ezi-1.5: ukusuka kwi-1500 ukuya kwi-1500 pa kwi-par 1800 pa. Ngokutsho kwe-En-30, uvavanyo lweenkqubo zombane kunye negesi kunye negesi yenzeka ngobuninzi kunye nobuncinci begesi. Abanye abavelisi baseYurophu (umzekelo, iKaiser kunye ne-Merlon), xa behambisa iimveliso zabo eRussia, bathathele ingqalelo ii) zengingqi. Zile fems ezikhokela abameli bamanye amazwe kwintengiso yaseRussia yetekhnoloji yegesi yerhasi.
Ezi zinto zilandelayo zokusebenza kweepleyiti ezingeniswe elizweni eRussia zinyanzela ukuba zivelise izinto esizithandayo, kodwa azikazenzi ukungalingani. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukuba iiparamitha zerhasi kunye nenethiwekhi zombane ziyazinzile, emva koko ukusebenza kwetekhnoloji kwaye imfezeko yetekhnoloji yenza iimodeli zangaphandle ezikhethiweyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuthelekisa uyilo lweepleyiti zengeniswe ngeRussit kunye neRussia, uyeza kwi-paradoxical ekuqaleni. I-Enenno- ukuba iipleyiti zegesi zaseRussia zigqibelele kwizisombululo zobunjineli. Okokuqala, ukusebenza kwabo ngempumelelo yi-10% kunezo kwiimveliso zaseYurophu, kwaye, ke, batshisa igesi engaphantsi. Okwesibini, iimveliso zethu zibonelela ngeemveliso zerhasi ekhuselekileyo. Oku kufunyanwa ngenxa yokuba i-Russian ihamba ngeemfuno zokusingqongileyo iqine kakhulu kunomgangatho waseYurophu. Umzekelo, ngokwe-gost p 50696-94 kwiimveliso zokudibana, umxholo we-carbon monoxide (i-carbon monoxide) akufuneki idlule kwi-0.01-0.03% (nge-nitrogen) Ngokutsho komgangatho waseYurophu e-En-30, uxinzelelo lwe-carbon monoxide alunakudlula kwi-0.1-0.2% (amaxesha ali-10 ngaphezulu!), Kwaye umxholo we-nitrogen oxiessis akaqhelekanga.
Iingcambu zobuxoki bethu "obunzima" bethu, ukuba uthanda, kwindlala kunye nemozulu ebandayo. Xa kwi-50s, ubunzima benkcitho yezixeko kunye needolophu, ikhitshi, ngokwemigangatho, inendawo yeemitha ezingama-4-7. m, umoya onyanzelekileyo wawungekho. Yile nto ebangele ukuba abaphuhlisi benze izixhobo zombane zegesi malunga ne-oyile evuthayo. Amazwe a-Aeropean aya kwiindlela zendalo ezizemimandla ezikwimo efudumeleyo: Basebenzisa iinkqubo zokunyanzelwa kwe-ventilations ezinotshintshiselwano olunyanzelekileyo, kwaye zinekhitshi kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ukuthetha ngokuthetha ngokungqongqo, iipleyiti zegesi zaseYurophu kufuneka zithengiswe eRussia ngokugqwetha, zibonelela ngotshintshiselwano oluncinci kwikhitshi. Kucacile ukuba ngenxa yesiphumo, iimveliso ezingeniselweyo ziya kuthi zibiza kakhulu kwi-100 yeedola (ngamanye amagama, iindleko ezizeleyo zeplate entsha yaseRussia). Abavelisi baseYurophu azixelwanga ngqo malunga nayo yonke le nto kumthengi waseRussia, kodwa akafuni ukwaphula umthetho. I-IVOTA sele ikwiivenkile ezininzi ezihlangeneyo zesitovu segesi esixhonyiweyo: Ufuna ukuthenga, kodwa uyafuna. Inyaniso yokuba iifemu zaseYurophu zikhanya ezi meko zibuthathaka ziyaqondakala. Akucaci: Kutheni le nto ifirms yaseRussia ikukhwaza ngenzuzo yabo yokhuphiswano kwikona nganye ?!
Inkokeli yentengiso yasekhaya i-Jsctgazorap ivelisa malunga ne-500 yamawaka amacwecwe phantse kuwo onke amacala okupheliswa konyaka: igesi (ngaphezulu kwe-10), kubandakanya umgubo wombane, kunye nabanye.
Okwangoku, ngokutsho kwenqanaba, amaxabiso omgangatho weplate ye-heftive ngokuzithemba akhuphisane ngemveliso ye-ARDO neBoseni. Nangona kunjalo, oku ukulingana kubonakala kungaphazanyiswa kwimeko yethu. Iqela le-mernnika leenkampani ibele izixhobo zombane zasekhaya ePoland. Ke musa ukumangaliswa ukuba udibana kwivenkile ngeedola ezingama-1995 kwi-Ardo okanye i-Indet ye-ARDO.
Izixhobo zasekhitshini ze-frijinigohlaza ii-Stargrewirs zimelwe ngokubanzi kwilizwe lethu: iSweden), i-Sweden), i-Bosch, i-SIemiens, i-Aegi Oku ngokungathandabuzekiyo okusemgangathweni, ugqirha ogqibeleleyo. Kodwa ngamaxesha ama-3-6 abiza kakhulu kune-Russian kunye ne-1.5-2, enye iYurophu. Ngokutsho kwento "yexabiso", ubuchule be-ELIIIque bungaphantsi kwe-Europe yaseYurophu (umzekelo, i-Merloni, kaIser, i-BMMPER). Oku kungenxa yokuba i-Brand yoMhlaba ihlawulwe ngaphezulu Kubiza kakhulu, nangona beqokelela iimpawu ezinjalo ngoku kungekuphela nje eJamani okanye kwiSweden, kodwa nakwimpuma yeYurophu naseMzantsi Asia.
I-Russia, usapho lwekhitshi elakhiwe ngegesi-i-sugament entsha, ephuhlisa ngokukhawuleza. Ingcali eyakhelweyo yegesi yile, enyanisweni, iplate, ihlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: ukungcwaba okuphezulu kunye ne-oveni yegesi eyenziweyo. Elo xesha elinjalo lolwakhiwo lwenza ukuba likwazi ukwanda kokufaka izixhobo zegesi ekhitshini.
Kwiimpawu ezininzi zegesi, i-thermostat yebhubhu (enye okanye ezimbini), egcina ngokuzenzekelayo amandla e-thermal, nceda ulungiso lwe-hastess kwi-REARTE.
I-burner eqingqiweyo ehlengahlengisiweyo inika idangatye elizinzileyo, ngaphandle kwe-ripples, iblowu. Ukuba amadangatye edangatye angazinzi kwaye atshintshe umbala ovela kwiblue ukuya etyheli, kuthetha ukuba i-Burner isebenza kakubi kwaye isebenza kakubi. Kodwa ukuba abathengisi abangabamelwane basebenza ngendlela efanayo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ayisositovu, kodwa igesi (ukwakhiwa okanye uxinzelelo).
Ngedangatye elityheli, akunakwenzeka ukuba usebenzise i-burner, lixesha lokunxibelelana nenkonzo yoqoqosho lwegesi. Ukumamela inkangeleko ekhitshini iphunga legesi - kwangoko, hayi ukuchukumisa izixhobo zombane, icime i-pubner, yaphula impompo yokuhambisa igesi kwiplate kwaye ingena phandle igumbi. Nxibelelana nenkonzo yerhasi engxamisekileyo. Sukukhathalela nantoni na!
I-Russia ifakwe izixhobo ezinjalo azikhutshelwanga, ke, iivenkile zibonakaliswa iimpahla ezingeniswa kakhulu kubo bonke abavelisi abangasentla. Eyona nto iphambili kwitekhnoloji eyakhiwe nge-in-in inoko, ngaphandle kokuhlala indawo eninzi kwigumbi, ihambelana ngokulula kwifenitshala yasekhitshini. Iplate eyakhelweyo, ibizwa ngokuba ngumphezulu wokufudumeza, okanye i-oveni ikuvumela ukuba wenze ubuhle kunye ne-ergonomic. Icebo elinemigangatho lahluke ikakhulu ngobukhulu, ubungakanani bezinto ezidibeneyo, ubume bayo, kunye nendlela yokulawula: ukusuka kwigumbi lokufudumeza, kusetyenziswa iyunithi yokusebenza, esebenzisa iyunithi yokusebenza. Uninzi lwee-oveni ezicetywayo ezicetyiweyo zingumbane, hayi irhasi. Oku kungenxa yokuba okwangoku ii-ovens zegesi azikwazi ukukhuphisana nomgangatho wokubhaka. Kubangela i-Banalna: I-Floous evulekileyo ye-Flamers Yenza iqondo elikhulu kakhulu lamaqondo obushushu ngaphakathi kwi-oveni. Oku kunqongophala kuyahluthwa ii-oveni zegesi nge-infrared. Ke, unokuthenga iseti equlathe umhlaba wokufudumeza kunye ne-oveni yombane, ngexabiso le-10-20 yamawaka i-ruble. Eyona nto iphambili "yexabiso le"Isikhundla esiphakathi phakathi koxinzelelo kwaye sakha izitovu zegesi. Baveliswa zizityalo eBrest ,Kazan, eKrasnodar kunye no-Omsk. Ngomyinge wexabiso lexabiso, iipleyiti ezimbini zemagazini ze-geftive brand zezona zibalaseleyo. Akukho xesha leepleyiti zentengiso ze-desktop enezinto ezinqabileyo zoqoqosho, ezikwindawo ezinobuhlobo. Benze kwisiseko seplate "Hephast", kodwa ngokungafaniyo nazo zonke ezinye izitovu ezingenalo idangatye elivulekileyo, musa ukudibanisa umoya, musa ukungcolisa izitya, iindonga kunye ne-ceisine ceiling. Ukongeza, izibane zingama-1.5-2 amazi amaxesha aphantsi kwegesi, kwaye umxholo wezinto eziyingozi kwiimveliso ze-quarbon incitshisiwe yi-carbon monoxide, i-10, nakwii-nitrogen oxiden - izihlandlo ezili-100! Iipleyiti ezinamachaphaza abangcwaba ezinxunguphalo zinokusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kungekuphela nje ekuphekeni, kodwa nakumagumbi ashushu.
Idatha kwizitovu zegesi zasekhaya
| Umvelisi | Uphawu lwentengiso | Inani leemodeli | Ixabiso *, iwaka ruble. |
|---|---|---|---|
| "IBrestgazappat", Vest | "Herest" | 7. | 3.5-6 |
| Isityalo segesi yegesi, Volgograd | "Umbane" | 3. | 2.5-3.5 |
| Batyale. I-vladimir ilylich, Moscow | I-Zwer. | Nye | (**) |
| Isityalo segesi yegesi, Kazan. | "Idel" | Ntlanu | 2-3.5 |
| Isityalo segesi yegesi, Ingingqi yeKrasnodar | "Kuban" | ezine | 2.5-3. |
| Isityalo se-metrical G. lysva | "Elga" | Nye | ezine |
| Isityalo segesi yegesi, Omsk | "Odichka" | 3. | (**) |
| Umbutho weMveliso "EvE", G. Peza | De Luvo | Ntlanu | I-3-5.5 |
| Isityalo segesi yegesi, G. tchaikovsky | "Dedarina" | Ntlanu | 3-4.5 |
* - Amaxabiso aziswa njenge-01.12.2000.
** - Ukungabikho kwentengiso.