Iingcebiso zokwakhiwa kwenkqubo yokuqhutywa kwempahla. Itekhnoloji ilele, amaxabiso, iimpawu zeemodeli ezahlukeneyo zemibhobho ye-sub.
Ezona zinto ziphambili kwinkqubo ye-sparage.
1-Umhlaba ochumileyo,
I-2-Isanti,
I-3 -bels,
4 Ilitye elityunyuziweyo,
I-5-Drain,
I-6-Ikhonkrithi yesikhumba,
Umhlaba odimayo.
Imingxunya yeplastiki yanamhlanje idityaniswe ngokulula kwaye ifakwe emhlabeni. Bamba imithwalo ebalulekileyo kwicala lezinto ezingaphezulu komhlaba.
Kwiindawo eziqhagamshela imibhobho emininzi okanye ukujika kwabo kulungelelanise amaqula.
Ukususwa kwangoko kwi-drain, umngxunya usike ukusika. Umngxunya utywinwe nge-pat kunye ne-mastic.
I-coconut fiber i-fiber ikwazi ukucoca amasuntswana amancinci odongwe.
Ungayikhusela njani indlu kunye neyelenqe kwiziphumo eziyingozi zamanzi aphezulu emhlabeni? Kutshanje, ukusombulula le ngxaki kukho isixhobo esinye-sandla. Kodwa ngokutshintsha kwezizukulwana zabakhi kunye nokuhlaselwa kwetekhnoloji entsha yokungenisa elizweni, indlela endala evavanyiweyo ngayo ngandlel 'ithile ilityalwa ngokunyaniseka. Kodwa inkqubo ye-drainage efanelekileyo inokugcina umphuhlisi kwiingxaki ezininzi zobugcisa kwaye ingenise iindlela zayo kunye neeseli zemithambo.
Sihlala siqala ukuba siyifundise indawo yakho? Khetha indawo efanelekileyo ngekamva. Kwaye ukuba sele yakhiwe, simhlaba intsimi esecaleni, yenza iimeko zokuhlala ngokukhululekileyo. Yonke le nto ichanekile. Kodwa ngaba abakhi bathathele ingqalelo ukuqina kunye nokuthembeka kwendawo yokuhlala entsha? Intlalo-ntle yangaphandle ihlala ifutshane - i-spake inokuthi ityhafe kakhulu.
Isibakala sokuba umhlaba usondele kwindlu unesifo sokufuma, uyakufunda malunga nezityalo. Ngenxa yokuseta okungaphezulu kwendawo enamanzi, amayeza amaninzi, amatyholo kunye nemithi ayinakukhathalela. I-Willow, Poplar, Cherry - imithi yokufuma. Kodwa inkqubo yabo yengcambu yeflethi ayonelanga ukuba inciphise umhlaba. Endaweni yoko, ezi zixhobo ziya kubandakanywa ukubanjwa kwendawo yendawo. I-Berry-Berry Rocks (Cherry, umthi we-Apple, iplamu) ungazithandi iindawo ezimanzi. Iimpawu zokuqala zemeko ehlelelekileyo yale mithi ziya kuba kukutyibilika kwamagxolo, amasebe ezomileyo, ukubumba kwii-trunks, njl.
Ke le ndlu, iingxaki zivela ngokuyintloko kwinxalenye yayo engaphantsi komhlaba (iSiseko, into ephantsi). Kwaye njengommiselo, ngenxa yokuqiniswa kwe-thamospic kunye namanzi aphantsi komhlaba.
Kuyaqwalaselwa ukuba imihlaba ayikho enye indawo edlulayo kunye namanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Oku kubonakaliswa ngokuziphatha komhlaba obekwe ecaleni kwesakhiwo. Umaleko ongaphezulu kwibhendi ephakathi yaseRussia inda ebusika be-1.4-1.8 m. Ukuqaqanjelwa kubandakanya i-dousistry emhlabeni, igcwaliswe ngumswakama. Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaba unyuka kwivolumu hayi kuphela ngokuthe nkqo, kodwa ngoku the tyaba. Ngenxa yoko, iindonga zeendonga, ukugqabhuka kobuso, okuphazamisa isiseko, kuzalisa igumbi elingaphantsi kunye nokubumba. Umhlaba omanzi unepropathi yokuqhuba kunye neenxalenye zendlu kwaye, ukudumba, ziphakamise. Kwaye iimeko zemozulu ezimbi zinokukhuthaza ukwanda kwinqanaba lamanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Rhoqo oku kukhokelela kumonakalo onzulu kulwakhiwo.
Kodwa ayisiyiyo yonke loo nto. Ukucingisisa emhlabeni kwaye ushukume kuyo, ukuhambisa kunye namanzi omhlaba anyibilikisile izinyibilikisi kunye neegesi, kubandakanya nengozi yokuqina kwesamente, ikhonkrithi. Inkqubo yokutsalwa kwesiseko isiseko ithe yachaphazeleka, kodwa iziphumo zayo zichaphazeleka kakhulu sisakhiwo: ukuthembeka kwezakhiwo ezixhasayo kuyaphazamiseka; Ukubumba kunye nefungus kuphoswa kwigumbi elingaphantsi ukuya kumgangatho ongaphezulu kwaye ichaphazele indlu yonke ekugqibeleni. Iibhokisi zesango kunye neefreyimu zefestile zinokuba ziqinile ngamandla ukuba ungoyena nobangela wokubonakala kwezikhewu kunye nezithuba apho indlu iza kuqala khona ukuba ilahlekile. I-Parqueet okanye nawuphi na umhlaba ophantsi kwempembelelo yokufuya ubushushu. Ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngaphakathi. Kwaye ezi ziindleko ezintsha, kwaye ngaphandle kwewaranti, ukuba inkqubo yonke yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo akufuneki iphinde kwaye iphinde iphinde.
Into yokuqala ekufuneka yenziwe ukukhusela isiseko kunye nophantsi kwesakhiwo esivela emanzini yinkqubo yokutya. Ukuba akwanelanga, ukwenziwa kwamanzi kuya kufuneka. Umlinganiso olandelayo ukugcina ezantsi kwendlu iya kuba sisixhobo kumgangatho ongaphantsi komhlaba we-hoods ye-ventilation. Baza kuba negalelo kumhlaba wendalo wokufumana umswakama.
Ngaphambi kokwakha inkqubo yokutya, kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa inqanaba lamanzi aphantsi komhlaba (AGB) kwiSiseko kunye nophantsi kwesakhiwo. I-Corv ayisoloko ityhilwa yimiqondiso yangaphandle. Ukuvuza ezindongeni, iipuddles kwigumbi elingaphantsi kunye nomhadi nje obolekayo okanye umsele awuzukunika isalathiso esichanekileyo. Ukubalwa kwayo, ukusebenza kukaGeodesists kunye neenjineli ze-hydrogeological ziya kudinga. I-Geodesists iya kwenza ukudubula kwendawo, lungiselela idatha ye-hydrogeologists kunye nokuyila i-drainage. Ukuba ngoku uza kuyonakaliswa ngokwenene, isicwangciso sentsimi siya kufunwa kwaye siyilo loMda womhlaba.
Ukudubula kuqhutywa ziingcali ezimbini ze-geodesi usebenzisa izixhobo zamehlo. Emva kweentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 uya kufumana isicwangciso esineenkcukacha (umzobo) wesiza esibonisa imigangatho yokuphakama. Lo msebenzi uza kuxabisa i- $ 12-20 ngekhulu kwikhulu (ukuba usebenzisa iinkonzo zolwakhiwo okanye iifemu zomhlaba). Iingcali ze-hydrogeogists, ukudlala amasebe amancinci (inzulu ukuya kwi-5 m, inomfanekiso oqingqiweyo weSithili seSithili, ziya kukhupha umfanekiso ochanekileyo wezithuba ze nyaka, kunye neengcebiso malunga nombutho wenkqubo yokuqhutywa kwempahla. Ukuqhuba kwenziwa yi-rig encinci ephathwayo (i-motobur). Ixesha lomsebenzi ngumhla woku-1, ukuhanjiswa kweziphumo ezigqityiweyo kuMthengi zihlala zenzeka kwiveki. Ixabiso lale nkonzo isuka kwi-300 yeedola ukuya kwi-700 yeedola. Imbonakalo ye-AFT inokufunyanwa ngexabiso eliphantsi- abamelwane ababuhlungu. Ukuba isixa se-agoty singaphantsi kwe-2,5 m, amanzi ayo ayimfuneko.
Yintoni le nkqubo yentshukumo? Ngokubanzi, le yindawo enesifo semibhobho edityanisiweyo, ibekwe ngeenxa zonke okanye ecaleni komswakama okhuselwe umswakama. Amanzi aqukuqela emhlabeni. Ngokwenyani umbhobho (iingcali ziyibiza ngokuba yi-drain) inomnatha wemingxunya enobubanzi obuyi-1.5-5 mm ezindongeni. Zikhona zonke okanye phantse kuyo yonke imibhobho yombhobho kumgama othile omnye komnye.
Kude kube yi-80s yenkulungwane yama-20, i-Asbestos-i-cepes kunye nemibhobho ye-ceramic yayisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ze-creage. Ngaphambi kokuba ulele, ukusikwa kwenziwa kubo okanye imingxunya enkcenkceshela, ethathe ixesha elininzi kunye nempilo (kwamanye amazwe ukusetyenziswa kwe-Asbestoscent akuvumelekanga ngenxa yemiphumo yayo eyingozi umntu ngamnye). Ukongeza, ukungalunganga kwemibhobho kwezi zixhobo zibandakanya ukudityaniswa kwemingxunya, imfuneko yokutyeshelwa rhoqo kunye nobomi beenkonzo ezifutshane. I-cloinage isebenza ngokubonakalayo ukuba ibonakale inkangeleko yezixhobo zePolymer ze-hydrochloride. Ngoku intengiso yaseRussia ivela ngeplastiki, iPolythylene kunye ne-Polyviny ye-pheclorinyl chloride (PVC) i-Polymer Pipes-itshekisiwe, iqulathiweyo, ixhotywe ngeembambo ezingqongqo. Olu loyilo luvumela ukuba usasaze umthwalo ukusuka kumhlaba ophakamayo kunye nobude bomthwalo, ukuze ihlale iqinile kwaye ithembekile ixesha elide. Ubunzulu bokubekwa kwemibhobho ye-polyethylene akunakuba ngaphezulu kwe-3 m, kodwa imibhobho ye-PVC inokubekwa kumgama ukuya kwi-10 m ukusuka kumphezulu. Ubomi bokuntywila ukusuka kwi-polymers ukuya kwi-50 iminyaka nangaphezulu. Imibhobho ene-diameter ye-50-200 mm iveliswa, isebenza kakhulu kwaye ithandwa kakhulu kwiindawo ezingama-100-millimitha.
Imibhobho yomgangatho ophezulu we-suinage ibonelela kwimarike yasekhaya enje nge-pronor kunye ne-mabo (i-finland), i-rishau kunye ne-frankische (i-frankische (i-rannkische), i-rustekplast (iRusmark). Ukucofa kwezi mveliso kubenza bakhululeke kwizothutho. Ubunzima bukhulu i-50 m ubude malunga ne-25 kg. Ungayisika ngesiketi esiqhelekileyo. Ukuze ukhuselwe ngokuchasene ne-cheng, ukuvalwa ngentlabathi kunye nomhlaba, ezinye iimpawu zemibhobho ye-subres zinikezelwa ngezinto zokucoca ngegobolondo. Kukho iifilitha zeentlobo ezimbini: ukusuka kwilaphu elikhethekileyo le-syntatic (i-geotextile) kunye ne-fiber yendalo yendalo. I-geotextats isetyenziswa kwiSandy, isampulu kunye ne-Peat. I-clifage nge-coconut firter ifakwe e-Loam nodongwe. Imibhobho ngaphandle kokuhluzi ifanelekile apho kungekho lula kwesanti kunye ne-sludge. Ixabiso 1 I-Polyviny ityhubhu ye-tube ye-tube ye-geotextaile-$ 1.9; Skogosov - $ 3.6. Ixabiso 1 Imibhobho yePolythylene yi- $ 1.5.
I-Drainage inokubekwa kokubini ngaphambi nasemva kokuphuma kwamanzi isiseko kunye nezantsi, kodwa ngokuqinileyo ngaphambi kokugcwaliswa kweSiseko. Ukuba i-cottage yakho ayikayiqhagamsheli imibhobho, ubugqi, umbane, njl njl., Chaza iindawo zonxibelelwano lwegalelo kwangaphambili. Olu lwazi luya kuthi emva koko lugcine ingqibelelo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokutya.
Ihlala yenzeka ukuba imfuno yokuqhutywa kwemitha iphakama emva kokugqitywa kolwakhiwo lweNdlu. Kwimeko enjalo, indawo engaphantsi komhlaba yesakhiwo kufuneka iliba ngokukhethekileyo. Inqwelo moya kuthetha ukuba indawo yakho yokuhlala iguqukela kwindawo yokwakha. Ngendlela, ungalibali ukuxoxa kwangaphambili ukuba ngubani kwaye angayibuyisela njani imbonakalo yangaphambili malunga nendawo ekufuphi nendlu.
Enye yeendlela eziqinisekisiweyo zenkqubo yokufakelwa kwenkqubo yenkqubo yokufakwa kwempahla imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Amazantsi omsele aqhubekile kwaye akhutshiwe kumxube owomileyo welitye lelitye elityunjiweyo kunye nentlabathi enkulu (ubukhulu be-50 mm). Imibhobho engaphezulu yemivuzo ithathiwe. Ubuncinci bokuqhwaba komgangatho kwimigangatho yokwakha yi-0.002 (2 mm kwi-1 m.) Kwi-Clay imihlaba kunye ne-1 m. Phantse i-bias 0.005-0.01 (5-10 mm kwi-1 p.) ithathiwe i-Drain elungileyo. Ukuze umswakama kube lula ukungena kwimibhobho, bafafazwa ngezixhobo ezinemifanekiso emanzini. Ukuchithwa kwenziwa kwimigca. Ilitye eliqhekeziweyo okanye igrabile ngobukhulu beenkozo zikufuphi ne-drain. Ukusuka ngasentla, i-geotextle inganyangwa ngaphezulu ukwahlula lo mlinganiso ukusuka kwisanti kunye nobungakanani beenkozo ze-0.5-10 mm. Ubungqingqwa bokutshiza buguquka kwi-100 ukuya kwi-300 mm (amanzi amancinci avela kumhlaba ojikelezileyo, ifriji encinci). I-TOP ye-sumpled yendalo yendalo yomhlaba.
Ukujonga umsebenzi wokuntywila kunye nokucoca umbhobho wokucoca umbhobho, ukubonwa kunye nequla le-swavel. Uninzi lwabantu, baqokelelwa kwikhonkrithi okanye baqinise amakhonkco ekhonkrithi. Olona gabalala luphumeleleyo ngama-400 ne-700 mm. Ukuphakama kwe-rings yequla kuyahluka ukusuka kwi-0.5 ukuya kwi-2 m. Ubunzima beemveliso ezinjalo ngama-230-3100 kg, ixabiso leringi yi- $ 30-150. Ukukhutshelwa kunye nokufakelwa kwenziwa yi-crane okanye i-cheader yokulayita ($ 18-30 ngeyure enye).
Kutshanje, iiqula zeplasitiki ezenziwe ngeplastiki ze-PVC ze-315 mm kunye ne-1.25-3 m nge-1.25-3 m isetyenziswa. Ixabiso eliphakathi yi-1 p. I-M-$ 20. Iimveliso ziyahlala kwaye zilula, ukufakelwa kwazo akufuni ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuphakamisa. I-platels zeplastiki zinciphisa kakhulu ivolumu yomhlaba, kwaye ke yasindisa imali yomphuhlisi. Ingasetyenziswa njengokuqhutywa kwamanzi, kodwa kuphela kwiimeko apho ivolumu yokufuma eqokeleleni incinci kwaye ingayibuyisela ngaphandle kwendawo.
Umswakama oqokelelwe yimibhobho ye-rainage ingena kuwo amanzi kakuhle. Inxitywe kwindawo esezantsi yokukhululeka, kuthathelwa ingqalelo i-topography yendawo. Amanzi aqhutywa kakuhle emanzini aqokelela kwinqanaba elithile, elixhomekeke kubunzulu bomdaniso kunye nendlela yokuqhubeka nokususwa komswakama. Ixesha elingaphezulu, amanzi avaliwe ukuze ankcenkceshele okanye asekwe kwakhona kwi-dinkt ekufutshane. Olunye ukhetho: umhlaba kunye namanzi omphezulu angabhekiswa kwindawo ekhethekileyo. Inobunzulu obuyi-3 m. Ikhonkrithi esezantsi kuyo ilahlekile, endaweni yoko yenza ukubambelela kwi-rubble kunye nesanti. Amanzi ahamba nge-backbne kwi-Lands esezantsi. Amandla amancinci ngumhlaba, ubunzulu kufanele ukuba bube sequla kunye nangaphezulu.
Imibhobho yenkqubo yokuqhutywa kwempahla iyahlanjwa ngequla leSwivel. Amanzi oku kudliwa phantsi kwengcinezelo evela kwi-hose enkcenkceshela. Njengokuziqhelanisa nemiboniso, ukucocwa kwenkqubo yokuntywila okusebenza kakhulu kwimihlaba entsonkothileyo kuyafuneka rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10. Ukuze i-hating yequla ayiphoxelwa yinkangeleko yendawo, zinokugutyungelwa izinto zokuhombisa: ii-vases zentyatyambo, i-beches, isikrini, njl njl. batyumze ngefilimu. Emva koko, le ndawo iwela kwingca yengca.
Izixhobo zeNkqubo yokuHamba
| Isixhobo | inombolokwiiyunithi. Imilinganiselo | Ixabiso, $ | Iindleko, $ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi kunye ne-hatch | Zi-4 izinto. | I-70.6 | 280. |
| Ikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi | Ii-PC ezili-12. | Amashumi amathathu | I-360. |
| Ezantsi | Zi-4 izinto. | 25. | I-100 |
| Harena | I-60 pog. M. | 3. | I-180. |
| I-pupe i-asbotting (20 mm) | I-40 pog. M. | Shumi elinanye | I-440. |
| Taypar geotextile | I-130 m2 | I-1,2 | 156. |
| Ilitye elityunjiweyo (5-20) | I-42 m3 | - | I-1136. (ngokuhambisa) |
| Isanti (0.5-1) | I-36 m3 | - | I-540. (ngokuhambisa) |
| Isamente M 400. | Iingxowa ezingama-26 ze-50 kg | I-2,3. | 65. |
| Bitumen | I-48 kg | I-0.4. | 24. |
| Iglasi yolwelo | I-8 kg | I-0.4. | I-3,2 |
| Iyonke: | 3284,2. |
Ukukhuselwa konyulo lwesakhiwo ukusuka kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunokubonelela ngokucwangciswa ngokuthe nkqo kwendawo, okanye, ngamanye amagama, ukudalwa kwesiqabu sokukhululeka. Kule nto, imingxunya ilele, kwaye icebo likhuliswa zezinye iindawo, ukudala amathambeka endlwini ukuya kwimimandla ekufuphi okanye iindlela. Ngokufanelekileyo, imeko ihlala ihleli, ikufuphi nesakhiwo. Amanzi aphuma eluphahleni, i-pict enyibilikayo ihamba phezu kwayo kwaye iphinde ithathelwe ingqalelo kwiitreyini kwi-dre-prenk crenk yasela, ijikeleze i-perimeter yecandelo.
Ukuzichaphazela oku kungasentla, cinga ngomzekelo wolwakhiwo lwenkqubo yenkqubo ye-comptage ejikeleze i-cottage. Ngokusekwe kuphando lwe-hydrogeological, iprojekthi yokususwa komhlaba kunye namanzi aphantsi komhlaba aphuhliswa. I-cloinage yasonjululwa ngoncedo lwemibhobho yosiweyo, ibeka ecaleni kwendawo yokuhlala yendawo yokuhlala kwinqanaba lesiseko.
Amaxwebhu eprojekthi kwityala eliqhelekileyo libandakanya:
1) Isicwangciso semeko,
2) Iingcebiso malunga neengcebiso malunga nefowuni kunye nokwakha amanzi,
I-3) Icandelo lokuHlabana
4) Ukubeka umkhondo wesicwangciso,
5) Imizobo yabasebenzi,
I-6) Uluhlu lwezinto ezinokutya kunye nemiqulu yomsebenzi,
7) qikelela. Kude kube sekupheleni kwedraina, ukucofa ngexesha le-oscillations yexesha elithile kwanyuka ukuya ezantsi kwesiseko. Ubunzulu bombhobho buyenzile, ngokungqinelana nokulwa koyilo, yayiyi-1.6 m.
I-drain yayikwi-0.8 m ukusuka ngaphandle kwesiseko sesiseko kwaye incinci ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lamanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Ngenxa yoku, iringi ye-crainage yaba "ngamanzi" phakathi kwenqanaba lamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye nesiseko. Inyani yile yokuba, ukhwela i-capita yomhlaba, umswakama kukwindalo egudileyo kumbhobho. Ngenxa yoko, i-funney yoxinzelelo yenziwa phantsi kwayo phantsi kwayo - indawo enemikhono emzimbeni. Cinga, kwityala ngalinye, ubunzulu kunye nobukhulu bendlela yokuqalisa kulwakhiwo lumiselwe ngokukodwa. Kwiprojekthi ekuqwalaseleni, i-quivel ezintathu ze-swivel kunye nokuqhutywa kwamanzi okwenziwe ngamakhonkco ekhonkrithi kwanikezelwa. I-Wells ixhotywe i-veils eyodwa (iitreyi) ichaza indlela yokuhamba kwamanzi. Zonke ii-Seams zi-wafix zangaphantsi ze-fastic ye-wavin. Ukusuka kumda oqhutywa kakuhle, amanzi angena nge-gitch eqhelekileyo, iqhekeza elijikelezayo elucingweni lwendawo yedolophu ye-Cottage. Ekuphumeni kwalo mbeki, umbhobho ukhuselwe yi-sand-gravels ferinkle ukuthintela ukukhululwa.
Ngoncedo lokuntywila, ungasindisa kuphela indlu, kodwa nomhlaba kwiindawo ezinengxaki yokufuma okungaphezulu. Iindlela zokwakha ziya kuhlala zinjalo. Kuphela koqwalaselo kunye neeparamitha zenkqubo zinokuhlaziywa. Indawo yokuhambisa i-1pog. Mbhothi ye-cloinage - ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-20 m2. I-Drainage inokwakhiwa nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka, kubandakanya ubusika, ebusika iindleko ziya kuba yinye nesiqingatha okanye izihlandlo ezibini ngaphezulu. Ulwakhiwo olunjalo lwenziwa ngamandla aphakathi abasebenzi abathandathu.
Phantsi kweemeko zemozulu eziqhelekileyo, i-drafage yakhiwe kwiiveki ezi-1-3. Iindleko zokuhamba ziyi-5% yexabiso eliqikelelweyo lezixhobo kunye nomsebenzi oveliswayo (kwimeko yethu - $ 337). Ukusukela oko ukwakhiwa komthamo kunxulunyaniswa nodaka lokuxotha, imibhobho enqumalayo, ukulayisha kunye nokulayisha izixhobo, iindleko zezixhobo zetekhnoloji zilingana ne-10% yexabiso elipheleleyo (kumzekelo ongentla - $ 672). Kuyimfuneko ukulala kuqikelelo kunye neendleko ezingalindelekanga. Kule meko, babalwa nge- $ 500. Ulwakhiwo lwenkqubo ye-subinage ixabisa i- $ 8226.
Ibar yamaxabiso iya kuxhomekeka ekubeni u-oda ukuba usebenze ngokwakhiwa kwenkampani ngenkampani, okanye uqesha iwizard yabucala ene-brigade. Ngokwemvelo, iindleko eziqikelelweyo zewizard yabucala engezantsi, kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu. Njengomgangatho womsebenzi, kuxhomekeke ekufundeni komsebenzi wengcali. Kucetyiswa ukuba ubonise ukuphaphazela kwengqondo apha: Kwaye kwinkampani eqinileyo ngamanye amaxesha kukho abantu abangakwazi. Khangela ii-hydrogeologists, ii-topographs-geodes, abaqulunqi, iiMasters kunye nabasebenzi azinzima ngoku. Ukongeza kwiilogo kunye namaphephandaba, kunye neengxoxo nabantu obaqhelileyo, ulwazi malunga neengcali eziyimfuneko zinokufundwa kumaphepha e-intanethi. Kunye nengcebiso yamva nje: Xa ukhetha inkosi okanye inkosi yabucala, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kubuza ngokuqinisekileyo amava adlulileyo umsebenzi wabo kule ndawo.
Ixabiso lomsebenzi kulungiselelo lwamanzi aqhutywa kakuhle
| Uhlobo lomsebenzi | Intlawulo ye-ral, $ | Iindleko, $ |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuphuhliswa komhlaba (ubume obuphantsi), 6 m3 | Shumi elinesibhozo | I-108. |
| Ukufakwa kwamakhonkco okuqondakaliswa kwekhonkrithi, iiPC ezi-4. | 56. | 224. |
| I-Coventing Covers, i-1 PC. | 28. | 28. |
| Ukuvela kwamanzi angaphandle, i-4 m2 | I-1,7 | 6.8. |
| Isixhobo segalelo kwi-Wells, ii-PC ezingama-9. | Shumi elinantlanu | 135. |
| Isixhobo sekhonkrithi seForivel Wells, iiPC ezi-3. | Amashumi amabini | 60. |
| Ingubo erhabaxa, i-1.6 m3 | Shumi elinesibhozo | 28.8. |
| Ukubuyisa i-fillet ngetywina, 2 m3 | 5.6 | I-11,2 |
| Iyonke: | 601.8. |
Ixabiso lomsebenzi kulungiselelo lwenkqubo yokuqhutywa kwempahla
| Uhlobo lomsebenzi | Intlawulo ye-ral, $ | Iindleko, $ |
|---|---|---|
| Ukumbiwa kwemithi kunye nesakhiwo, 161.6 m3 | ezine | I-646,4. |
| Hambisa umhlaba ukusuka kwindawo yomsebenzi, i-100,6 m3 | 2. | 2012. |
| Ukubeka i-drain kunye nokuntywila, iipawundi ezingama-92. M. | 2. | 184. |
| Inkunkuma edadayo, i-73.3 M3 | 10 | 733. |
| Ukuhlala uGeotexTile, i-130 m2 | Nye | I-130. |
| Isanti edadayo ngetywina, i-56 m3 | 5.6 | 313.6 |
| Ukubuyela umva komhlaba wasekhaya, i-30 m3 | 5.6 | 168. |
| Ukucwangciswa komlomo (i-windows qulls) yomthombo, ii-PC ezi-5. | 55. | 275. |
| Iyonke: | 2651,2 | |
| Ixabiso lilonke lenkqubo kuqikelelo: | I-8226. |