Ukunikezelwa kwamanzi kwesakhiwo sendawo yokuhlala. Izixhobo zokumpompa eziboniswe kwimarike yaseRussia. Abavelisi, ukwahlula-hlulwa, i-odolo yexabiso. Ukhuselo lombane kunye nokufakwa kobushushu beenkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi.
Iinkcukacha zoko kubomi bendalo yayiyinto entle kwaye i-spartan "ye-Amertan" yeyadi. Umbhobho wamanzi okanye ukulula kwakungekho, okanye usebenze kwisitshizi sokugqibela. Ngoku, bonke abami bephondo banamandla okuzixhasa ngenani eliyimfuneko lokufuma.
Imithombo yamanzi
Luphi "ubugwenxa obungenabomi" bathathwa phi ababemi bezindlu zelizwe? Ewe kunjalo, kuyo yonke indawo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa uninzi lwelizwe lethu yeyona mithombo iphambili ngamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye nokubizwa ngokuba ziintsana zamanzi ezivulekileyo, imilambo, amachibi, njl. Umthombo wesithathu unokuqwalaselwa njengokunikezelwa kwamanzi okhoyo, uninzi lusebenza ezintolongweni. Ke ukuba uza kufumana iyelenqe lokwakhiwa kweNdlu, qiniseka ukuba ucinga ngale ngxaki. I-KSChastina, eRussia kukho imimandla embalwa, apho kungayi kubakho konke konke ekusebenziseni amanzi (njengoko, yitsho, kwi-crinta). I-IWs kungcono ukuba nexhala malunga noku.
Eyona mithombo iphantsi "yokufumanisa uqoqosho lwabucala-ivule amanzi avulekileyo (indleko kulo lonke umsebenzi wokwakha, njengommiselo, alugqithi kwi- $ 200-300). Kule meko, i-Pumps ye-Prim-Pumps isetyenziswa (ngakumbi malunga nokukhetha uhlobo lwesixhobo emva kwexesha elincinci). Isibhedlele, kuwo wonke imithombo yamanzi yolu hlobo inomvango obalulekileyo wokunikezelwa kwamanzi. Kufanelekile ukunkcenkceshela igadi kunye neemfuno zobugcisa, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba uyisebenzise ukusela kunye nokuhlamba ngaphandle kokuqhubekeka (kuyabiza kakhulu).Uninzi lwazo, amaqula asetyenziswa njengomthombo wamanzi onobunzulu obuyi-20-100m. Amanzi aphakanyiswe kule nzulu ahlala amkelekile kwimpilo kwaye anencasa entle. Kuyinyani, ulonwabo lokuba nequla lakhe lokuhambisa amanzi liyafuneka ukuba lingabizi-$ 30-100 kwi-1 p. m Wells (enzulu, ebiza kakhulu), kwaye iimpuphu ezihambelanayo zinokuguqulela ngokulula ngexabiso le- $ 1000. Kodwa iindleko zinesizathu ngokupheleleyo. Nalu uluhlu lweenkonzo oya kuba nazo kule mali. Iingcali zembaleki ezifanelekileyo kufuneka ziqokelele uphondo lwe-geological kunye ne-hydrological (ukufumana ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba yome iqula kule ndawo konke konke); Yenza uhlalutyo olucacileyo lwamanzi ukusuka kumanzi avela kwindawo yakho; Yenza ipasipoti yequla apho kucacisa zonke iimpawu zayo zobuchwephesha (ziya kufuna xa uthenga kwaye ufake impompo); Kunye nokuqinisekisa ngakumbi inkonzo yewarafti yomngxunya, umzekelo, iifilitha zokucheba kwimeko yokuvala kwangaphambi kwexesha.
Ngokuphathelelene nabanini abanethamsanqa lokufumana amanzi asemaphandleni, emva koko kungcono ukunxibelelana nengcali. Fumanisa ukuba ukubonelelwa kwamanzi okukhoyo kuyakwazi ukwanelisa iimfuno zakho. Ukuba ayilunganga ngokupheleleyo, ngokuchanekileyo ukufakwa ngokuchanekileyo kwempompo ngokuzenzekelayo kunye ne-hydroaccumilator iya kukwazi ukukunika usapho lwakho losapho.
Izixhobo zempompo
Ngokutsho kokuqeshwa okwamkelekileyo ngokubanzi, iimpompo zahlulahlulwe zangamandla kunye ne-volustric. I-fluid fluid ifumana amandla angaphakathi ngenxa yempembelelo kumzimba osebenzayo kwigumbi lokunxibelelana rhoqo ukunxibelelana negalelo kunye nejelo ezikhutshiweyo. Iqela le-Cata liquka i-blade pumps (i-Centrifugal, i-diagonal, i-axial), kunye ne-vortex, i-inkit kunye ne-airway (erlifded). Ukuginya i-pumps icinezela phantsi kwefuthe lamandla labantu abajikelezayo; Kwi-vortex- ngoncedo lwamagama aqulwe ngumthengisi; Kwijetty, ngenxa yejethi yangaphandle yolwelo olunamandla e-kinetic ephezulu.
Kwi uqoqosho, iimpompo zeCentrifugal zihlala zisetyenziswa (ezi ncwadi zingaba phantse zonke izixhobo zokungena kunye nobuninzi). Bakwazi ukubonelela ngempumelelo komthengi ochazwe ngumthengi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi amancinci (1-3 m3 / h) kunye ne-avareji (40-60 m) uxinzelelo (40-60 m) uxinzelelo (40-60 m) uxinzelelo (40-60 m) uxinzelelo (40-60 m) uxinzelelo (40-60 m) uxinzelelo (40-60 m) uxinzelelo. I-Inkjet Pumps isetyenziswa apho kunyanzelekile ukuba ingenise inani elincinci lamanzi (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 m3 / h) ukuphakama okukhulu. I-Pomps Pumps kwiimpawu zazo aziphantsi kweyona nkulungwane, kodwa xa isebenza ingungqungquthela kakhulu.
Kwiipumps zevolumu, i-ulwelo ifumana amandla phantsi kwempembelelo yomzimba osebenzayo wamandla, okutshintsha ivolumu yegumbi lokusebenza, elalinxibelelana ngokuthe ngcembe kunye nemveliso. Iqela le-CATA libandakanya iPiston kunye nePUMPS PUMPS, ii-hydds kunye nokuzoba imigca yamanzi (i-Weods eyaziwayo). Iipumps ze-vomstory zale zanamhlanje zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukutyibilika ulwelo olungcolisekileyo, ngakumbi eziqukethe amasuntswana.
Ke, kufuneka ukhethe ipompo "elungileyo". Kwimigaqo, lo ngumsebenzi othile, usombulule ngempumelelo ingcali kuphela. Ingakumbi ukusukela kuluhlu lwezixhobo zolu hlobo lubanzi kakhulu. Akukho xesha emarikeni izixhobo zokumpompa of iintlobo ngeentlobo abenzi: Wilo, Grundfos, KSB, umsinga (Germany); Ebara (iJapan-i-Itali); I-Astra, Colpedi, Nocchi, i-SAER, yoLwandle, iSimaco, i-Speanion (i-Itali (i-Itali (i-Itali); IWebtTrol (i-USA); I-TCL, Western, (United Kingdom). Cebisa imodeli efanelekileyo kuwo onke amaxesha akunakwenzeka - ukhetho kufuneka lwenziwe ngokukodwa, kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezithile. Ke ngoko, kweli nqaku siza kuthi sizinqumle izindululo jikelele nakwiimpawu.Okokuqala, kufuneka ucinge ngokucacileyo, kuba zeziphi iinjongo eziya kusetyenziswa yimpompo, ukubonelela ngeendawo zokugcina amanzi okusela okanye ukunkcenkceshela igadi. Kukwabalulekile ukuba ungazixhaphaza isixhobo esijikeleze-ngonyaka okanye ngexesha lehlobo lehlobo.
Kuya kufuneka ucinge ngoncedo olufanelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo lwamanzi kwaye uthathe isigqibo malunga nohlobo lolwazi (Vula okanye Well, sikhankanywe apha ngasentla).
Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kuxhomekeka kwelona nani liphezulu labathengi abaxhunyiweyo ngaxeshanye (iingcali ziyibiza ngokuba yintshukumo) kwaye, kunjalo, izinto ezingabanini bamakhaya (ubukho be-Greenhouse). Ukusukela ngokomndilili, iqondo lokuhamba kwe-crane ye-plubing ye-Plubing yi-500-600 l / h, i-H, i-pump yayo yaneleyo, ihlala ingumthamo we-1.5-3 m3 / h.
Uxinzelelo olufunekayo lixabiso ngokuxhomekeke kwezi zintathu "njenge": Kukwanjalo nakwenani kwaye kuyimfuneko ngokukhawuleza ukusebenzela amanzi. Ipharamitha yokugqibela, ichaphazele ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, izinto ezibonakalayo kunye nobubanzi bemibhobho, inani leendawo zabo kunye nezinye izinto.
Zeziphi iintlobo zempompo zihlala zihlala zisetyenziswa kumanzi? Umzekelo, ukuba kukho umthombo ovulekileyo wamanzi kwaye uxinzelelo oluncinci luyafuneka (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40-50 m), uya kuba ne-Astring Hices kunye ne-Astra, i-ASC-75 ukusuka kwi-Spetroni, Jexm / Jekm / Jekm / Jekm I-EBARA, i-TG 80 ukusuka kwi-TCL nabanye). Ngenxa yokuthengiswa kwexabiso eliphantsi kunye nokuxhomekeka ekusebenzeni, bafumana ngokubanzi. Ngenxa yokufumana amanzi kubunzulu ukuya kwi-8-9m, bahlala befakwe ngqo endlwini (ukuba iqula lingaphantsi kwaye libekwe kwi-30-40m ukusuka kwi-60-70 m). Ezo zixhobo azifuni, ngokwahlukileyo, yithi, ukusuka kwi-Borehole Pumpops, amanzi axhotyiswe ngokukhethekileyo. Indawo "yamanzi angaphandle" inika ubunzima kunye nezinye izibonelelo: Impompo ayichaphazeli kwifuthe lokufuma, lifikeleleka ngokulula ukuze lihlolwe, (ukuba liyimfuneko). Iindleko zeyona ndlela ilula imalunga ne-100 yeedola, kunye nobomi benkonzo buyiminyaka emi-5.
Iimpompo zomphezulu zisetyenziswa phantse xa kunokwenzeka, kodwa, ngelishwa, ukusetyenziswa kwabo kunqongophele kubunzulu bamandla amancinci (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-9 m). Ukuba amanzi alele apha ngezantsi, kufuneka usebenzise izixhobo ezingena ncam.
Ngenxa yeemfuno eziphezulu zobugcisa ezinxulunyaniswa nemfuno yokukhusela kwindawo enolo hlobo njengamanzi, kwaye iphantse yagqitha ukusebenza komsebenzi kwezi zixhobo ziluhlobo olukhoyo phakathi kwabo. Ngokuhambelana, kuyabonakala kubiza kakhulu kunokuphumla. I-SQ / sqe (i-grundfos), twi (i-SCM / i-SCM / SA (Nocki) kunye neemodeli zabanye abavelisi zixhotyisiwe ngokukhuselwa emsebenzini, kunye neefilti ezithintela amasuntswana omhlaba angena kwi umatshini. Yonke le nto ivumela izixhobo zolu hlobo ukuze zisebenze kwimicimbi emininzi.
Mhlawumbi, ngenxa yengcali, ezona ndlela ziphambili kumgangatho wempompo-moya ukuqiniseka kunye nokuthembeka. Iimpompo zanamhlanje zenziwa ikakhulu zentsimbi kunye nentsimbi engenasitali (ngamanye amaxesha zeplastiki). Ngokwenyani, kufanelekile ukuba yenziwe ngokupheleleyo ngentsimbi engenasimo. Ewe kunjalo, zibiza kakhulu kunazo zonke. Kwindawo yesibini, iimpompo ezinendawo yokusebenza yentsimbi engenasitayile. Kwisithathu sokwabelana. Kwiindawo ezinzima kunye ne-hard-fikelela, kunye namanzi anomxholo ophakamileyo wemixholo engafunekiyo, kungcono ukusebenzisa izixhobo zentsimbi ezingenasiseko.
I-pumpleged ye-borehole, ububanzi bubaluleke kakhulu. Uninzi lwabavelisi bavelisa izixhobo zokubonelela ngamanzi ngamanye amaxesha nge-4 "(malunga ne-10 cm). I-GM ye-GARDS i-SQ / i-SQe Deameter Deos. Indleko zomsebenzi wokwakha incitshisiwe Ngokomndilili nge-15- 20%. Kodwa cinga ukuba uyafuna ukutshintsha uphawu lwempompo yakho ngenxa yesizathu, kuya kufuneka iphinde ikhuphe kakuhle iqula lelukhulu.Impompo ezingenamgangatho oqingqiweyo- umzekelo, iimodeli ze-PD ezingama-501 (i-SAER), iKika (eBara) kwaye ezinye zilula kwaye zenzelwe ukuphikisana namacandelo, abaqokeleli kunye nolwakhiwo. Eyona nto iphambili kwezi zixhobo kukufakwa kokufakwa. Ngaphezulu, kwanele ukubeka ipump emanzini (kunjalo, xa umgangatho wamanzi awunamsebenzi). Ukuba uza kutshisa amanzi okusela ukusuka equleni, impompo kufuneka ifakwe ukuze ingawi ubungozi ezantsi kunye nenkunkuma edadayo. Isixhobo sevidiyo kufuneka sinikezwe igumbi eliqhutywa ngamanzi eliqhutywa line-lattle ukukhusela kwinkunkuma enkulu kunye nomkhenkce. Kucelwa ukuba uyile ukuze i-velocity yamanzi kwindlela eya kwimpompo yayingaphantsi kwesantya sokukhula (apho i-blubleds ye-sediments iqala). Kwimeko yangoku, ukungabikho kwekhamera eqhutywa ngamanzi, impompo efihlakeleyo yokutsala amanzi okusela kufuneka ibekwe kumgama okungenani i-1m ukusuka ezantsi equleni. Ezo zixhobo zokubonelela ngamanzi amanqanaba amanebugcisa-ukunkcenkceshela, kwimithombo yegadi, ukuzalisa kunye neplamu encinci, njl. Zilungele kakhulu. Unokuzisebenzisa ngokuntywila indawo kunye nokususa amanzi angcolisekileyo. Kucace gca ukuba ixesha lokuphumla le nto uqhubekiso lenza ukuba ezi mpompo zibukeka kakhulu kubanini begadi kunye nokuxhonywa kwegadi encinci.
Ukusuka kwiPumps "iprofayile emxinwa" ifanele ukukhankanya ukufakwa komthombo we-SP 400 / spf 1000 ukusuka kwi-Spente kunye nenani leemodeli zenkampani yaseJamani. Ezi zixhobo zingentweni kakhulu kuyilo (nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwabo akunzima ukubonelela ngamanzi kumthombo). Ngokuhambelana, okunjalo kufakelwa okubi kakhulu ($ 15-70).
Iimpompo zokuziqhelanisa
| Umvelisi | Uphawu. | I-rayp qued, m3 / h * | Ubuninzi boxinzelelo, m * | Ixabiso, $ | Phawula |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Astra (i-Itali) | Budu.I-X-100 | 3. | 45. | I-130. | Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo |
| I-TCL (United Kingdom) | Lq 100a. | 2.5 | 36. | 40. | I-vortex |
| Ebara (iJapan-Italy) | Jexm / I-100. | 4.5 | 45. | I-150. | I-centrifugal |
| I-grindfos (iJamani) | Jp 5. | I-3,4. | 43. | 225. | Jet |
| I-Nocchi Pompe (i-Itali) | I-2m. | 2.5 | Ukuya kwi-7. | 60. | I-vortex |
| I-WILO (iJamani) | WJ 201 IM. | 2.7 | 42. | I-170. | Ephathwayo |
* -Uxinzelelo oluphezulu oluphambili kunye neenqobo zokuhamba-quka azinakufezekiswa ngaxeshanye. Olona xinzelelo luphezulu lufezekiswa ngokuphelisa ukuya kwi-zero, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo.
I-sumplegales kunye ne-Borehole Pumps
| Umvelisi | Uphawu. | I-rayp qued, m3 / h * | Ubuninzi boxinzelelo, m * | Ixabiso, $ | Phawula |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Ebara. (Japan-Itali) | Idrogo m40 / 08a | 4.8. | 48. | I-300. | Intsimbi ephantsi, engenasimo |
| I-TCL (United Kingdom) | I-SGP 550. | 10 | 10 | I-80. | Intsimbi ephantsi, engenasimo |
| I-grindfos (iJamani) | Sq 2-70 | 3.5 | 87. | I-575. | I-bore icocekile, intsimbi engenasitayile, i-Diameter 3 " |
| I-Nocchi Pompe (i-Itali) | I-SCM 4-kunye ne-75 / 40m | ukuya kwi-3.5 | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-36. | I-390. | Borehole vortex, ububanzi 4 " |
| I-webttrol (i-USA) | I-10s25blm. | I-3,4. | 152. | I-470. | I-Borehole icocekile, intsimbi engenasitali, idayimitha 4 " |
* -Uxinzelelo oluphezulu oluphambili kunye neenqobo zokuhamba-quka azinakufezekiswa ngaxeshanye. Olona xinzelelo luphezulu lufezekiswa ngokuphelisa ukuya kwi-zero, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo.
Izitishi zokumpompa
Akunakwenzeka ukuba ungasakhankanya isikhululo se-mini-puming yemveliso yangaphakathi yeJETA 5/6. Iveliswe eRussia evela kwi-GARDFOS, olu fakelo oluphakathi komgangatho ophezulu waseJamani ngama-30 ukuya kwi-30% ityhefu kuneemodeli ezifanayo zokungenisa (iindleko zayo zimalunga ne-8 lamawaka e-rubles).
Omnye ummeli wezikhululo zempompo zempompo-Imodeli ye-MQ ukusuka kwi-grindfos iyingenelo kwi-computer yayo (57 x 22 x 32 cm) kwaye iya kuba yimpumelelo kakhulu kubanini beendawo ezincinci. I-Aqua JET 125A Imodeli evela kwi-TCL ene-hydroaccucugract yentsimbi engenasitayile inomtsalane kwixabiso layo eliphantsi ($ 65).
Izikhululo zokuziphatha ezizenzekelayo zempompo
| Umvelisi | Uphawu. | UbuninziUkuselwa, m3 / h * | Ubuninzi uxinzelelo, m * | Ixabiso, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Astra (i-Itali) | Hydrojet buu x-100 | 3. | 45. | 200. |
| I-grindfos (iJamani) | Hydrojet jp-6 | 4.5 | 53. | I-440. |
| I-MQ 3-35 | ezine | 38. | I-380. | |
| Hydron (iRussia) | I-GETA 5. | 3.5 | 40. | 260. |
| I-Nocchi Pompe (i-Itali) | Qhoboshela i-120 / 60C | kude kube se-6 | ukuya kwi-10 | I-310. |
| I-WILO (iJamani) | HWJ 301 em. | 3.6 | 45. | I-300. |
| I-TCL (United Kingdom) | I-TJ 80l Auto. | 3. | 40. | I-120. |
* -Uxinzelelo oluphezulu oluphambili kunye neenqobo zokuhamba-quka azinakufezekiswa ngaxeshanye. Olona xinzelelo luphezulu lufezekiswa ngokuphelisa ukuya kwi-zero, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo.
Ngokufutshane malunga nokubaluleka
Eyona ndawo imxinwa kwinkani lunxibelelwano lwentambo. Iphantse inyanzelekile ukuba yandise-kuphela iqhekeza elincinci lidla ngokubandakanywa nempompo. Ke, intambo idluliselwe emhlabeni okanye ngaphandle ayivumelekanga ukuba iqhagamshele indlela yokujija i-pists okanye umoya! Ukudibanisa amaqhekeza, ungasebenzisa i-shrink eyodwa okanye ukugcwalisa ukugcwalisa! Ngendlela, intambo yempompo ikwangcono ukuba ithathe ngqo le nto, kunye neengqengqelo ezimbini zokufakelwa kunye neqokobhe, ezingachaphazeli iipropathi ze-organoleptic.
Ngokukhuselekileyo kwiqabaka, ihlala impompo, yenzelwe ukusebenza ngokusisigxina, ifumaneka ngaphandle kwendawo yomhlaba. Eyona ngonyaniso inkulu yamaqondo obushushu asezantsi yeyokufuna kunye nemibhobho yenaliti. Amanyathelo okhuseleko apha afana nakweli meko yokubonelela ngamanzi eqhelekileyo: Vada imibhobho engezantsi kwenqanaba lomhlaba ukhulula okanye ubangenise. Kule, kukho izinto ezininzi ezahlukileyo zokuchitheka. Inqanaba elongezelelekileyo lokukhuselwa kwimeko yokuqalisa kwexesha elifutshane kwaye iqabaka elinamandla linokuqhubeka nokusebenza kwempompo, njengoko ubunjineli be-hydraulic busithi, "Amanzi aphilayo akakukhululi."
IBhodi yokuHlela ibulela inkampani yenkampani, i-nocchi pompe, "iZiko leeNjineli", iZiko leeNjineli ", i-CJSC" yexesha "loncedo lokulungiselela izinto.