Iingxaki kunye namathemba olwakhiwo lwezindlu zeMoscow. Iimeko zokuthenga kunye nenqanaba lamaxabiso amagumbi amatsha, kunye namagama ambalwa malunga nezakhiwo zokuhlala zeKurkino-ingingqi entsha yeMoscow.
IMoscow mhlawumbi inesinye sezixeko ezimbalwa zeRussia apho kukho ulwakhiwo olunzulu lwezindlu. Kunyaka ophelileyo, ngaphezulu kwe-3.5 yezigidi zezigidi zezindlu ezintsha zeZindlu eziNtsha zavela kwikomkhulu. Kwangelo xesha, ngokwahlukileyo kwiminyaka edlulileyo, i-70 yezindlu zakhiwa kwiindawo ezisele zimiselwe isixeko. Ithuba elinjalo lombulelo ekuphunyezweni kwenkqubo yokuphinda kwenziwe kwakhona kwezakhiwo ezinemigangatho emihlanu kunye nokuqukumbela kancinci kumashishini eshishini ukusuka eMoscow. Umsebenzi wokuxhaswa ngemali kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala kwizithili esele zisekwe kwaye inenkangeleko yazo ekhethekileyo (inzima kakhulu kwiZiko leSixeko) liphathiswe iSebe leMfundo le-Operbribrictary.
ISebe lezoMgaqo-nkqubo ogqithileyo wokwakha iMoscow ivele ngo-1996. Sele icacile ukuba iSixeko asiyi kuba nakho ukugcina isantya esiyimfuneko sokwakhiwa kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo lomgangatho kuphela ngeendleko zeemali zakho. Kwakuyimfuneko ukuhlengahlengisa inkqubo yenkxaso yemali yeenkqubo zokwakha. Ke ngoko, iziko labatyali-mali ezidolophini, inkxaso-mali kunye nokulungelelanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yotyalo-mali, kubandakanya neofisi yokucwangciswa kweSixeko. Ayisiyo gunya elinye lemali yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali ichithwe kuzo zonke ezi zenzo zentlangano.
Ingxowa mali yeRussia ineemitha ezi-2.76 zeebhiliyoni zendawo iyonke. Ngaphezulu kwe-290 yezigidi (11%) idinga ukulungiswa okukhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamagumbi okusebenzisa, kunye ne-250 yezigidi (9%) ekufumaneni kwakhona. Malunga ne-20% yeSiseko seZindlu zeSixeko asinamhlaba. Kwizixeko ezincinci, ikhaya lesibini alinabunjineli ngokupheleleyo. Ngokubanzi, abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-40 (ngaphezulu kwe-27% yabemi) bahlala kumagumbi okungaphuculi ngokupheleleyo. Inani lezakhiwo zokuhlala nengxamisekileyo nengxamiseko kunye nolwandiso olungaphezulu kwe-70% lukhula. Kwiminyaka eyi-8, ivolumu yeso sikolo inyuke nge-60%, kwaye inani lokuphila kuwo ngama-32%. Ngoku kwizindlu kufuneka zidilize, malunga ne-2% yabemi baseRussia.
Saxelelwa ngeengxaki kunye namathemba olwakhiwo lwezindlu zeMoscow, usekela intloko yeSebe loMgaqo-nkqubo oLuthengisiweyo we-vladimirovich u-Tharar.- I-Sergey Vladimirovich, ungayibonisa njani imeko ngolwakhiwo lwezindlu eMoscow?
-Ukungena kwizindlu ikakhulu iyunifomu, nangona ihlala ilolona xesha lokwenza kube kanye ekuhanjisweni kwezindlu ezintsha emva kweenyanga ezi-3-6. Uninzi lwazo, ukuhanjiswa kwezakhiwo ezitsha kwenziwa ekupheleni konyaka. Kukho iingxaki ngomgangatho wokwakhiwa. Amabango aphambili e-InVobov ajonge umhombiso wesakhiwo, imeko yenethiwekhi yobunjineli, ekungeneni kunye neendlela zabo.
Ngoku kwizakhiwo zokuhlala zaseMoscow, ubukhulu becala iindidi ezimbini. Ezi sele ziyiphaneli eziqhelekileyo kwaye aziziwa kakhulu, kodwa zifumana i-monolithic eyahluliweyo. Kubo, isakhelo siphoswe ekhonkrithi, kwaye iindonga zibiwe ngezitena ukuze indlu 'iphefumle ". Phakathi kwezinye izinto, isitena somhlobiso sihle kwaye asikonakali inkangeleko yesixeko. Andizukuphelisa kwiimpawu zokwakha, ndiza kuqaphela ukuba itekhnoloji yokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zeMonolithic ikuvumela ukuba udale amagumbi kunye nesakhiwo sasimahla. Kubalulekile ukuba amakhaya afudumele kwaye athobele ngokupheleleyo iimfuno ze-SCIPA "ukwakha ubunjineli obushushu". Ezi zakhiwo azibizi kakhulu kunephaneli, kodwa ziphile kakhulu kuzo. Silindele ukuba ukuphela kuka-2002, umsantsa wexabiso phakathi kwezindlu ze-monolithic kunye neepaneli ziya kuncitshiswa zibe yi-10-16%. Ukwakhiwa kwendlu ye-Monolithic linyathelo elilandelayo emva kwephaneli, ukweyala kwihlabathi jikelele.
-Yinyani kangakanani ulwazi oluqhelekileyo lwezindlu zephaneli ezingafezekisi migaqo kubushushu nakwindawo elunxwemeni?
Ewe, ingxaki ikhona. Kwaye indlela yokuthatha isigqibo, ayicacanga. Inyani yile yokuba iiphaneli eziveliswa kwezi zithathu zokudibanisa indlu zithathwa njenge "kubanda" ngokwemigangatho. Kunye nezixhobo ezihlaziyiweyo zemveliso yokuvelisa kwimveliso "yokufudumeza" kwi-DSC akukho mali. Ngenxa yoko, eli nqanaba alisebenzi ukuze kwakhiwe izindlu. Kungcono ke indawo yokuhlala kunenye. Ukususela ngo-2001, iSebe lize lithathe inxaxheba ekwakhiweni kwezindlu zephaneli. Iinkampani ezifanayo ezakha ezi zakhiwo zibuyela kwitekhnoloji entsha. Sithetha ngezakhiwo ezibizwa ngokuba yiQela-Monolithic: Isakhelo yi-monolikic, kwaye iiphaneli ezivaliweyo zifakwe ngaphezulu.
-Ziphi iingxaki isebe ngoku?
- Okokuqala, oku kukhulisa kwiindleko zokwakha. Kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka ophelileyo, inyuke nge-35-40%. Kwaye oku kubakweke ikakhulu kukunyuka kwamaxabiso okwakha izinto zokwakha, ezifikelele kwi-50%. Isamente yenyuka phantse kangangezihlandlo ezi-2, ngentsimbi - nge-20% kwaye yabiza ngakumbi kunemarike yangaphandle, amaxabiso emithi afikelele kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Kwaye isanti eyimfuneko kunye neravel kwi-moscow eMoscow kuyo yonke intsilelo. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso esixhobo sokwakha kunye nokusebenza kwayo, ngaphandle kokunyuka kwexabiso le-petroli malunga ne-20%, yayingabi kakhulu kwaye yalifumana kangako kwi-3-4%. Phantse kakhulu kuninzi ovukile abasebenzi.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngokubanzi eMoscow indleko zomsebenzi wokwakha uphezulu kakhulu. Isizathu sokhuphiswano olusezantsi phakathi kolwakhiwo kunye nemizobo yokufaka. Ukusombulula ingxaki, thina, okokuqala, siqala ukuhamba nendlela eqikelelweyo yentlawulo kwimvumelwano. Le nkqubo kunye nokuncitshiswa kweendleko zomsebenzi kuya kuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo esiluncedo kumthengi njengesakhiwo se-inshurensi yomngcipheko. Okwesibini, sitsalela abakhi kwizakhiwo zokuhlala zeYugoslavia eYugoslavia, eMacedonia, i-Bulgaria, i-iUkraine, eMoldova, ezisebenza ngokulandelelana kunye nokugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla. Kutshanje, ukwakhiwa kunye neefemu zofakelo ukusuka kwingingqi yeMoscow kukhuphiswano ngakumbi kunye nabakhi beMoscow. Umsebenzi wezindlu ezikhulu kwiziko esiceba ukutsala umdla weekhontraktha zeFinnish. Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba siyala amasuvuvu. Ezinye iikhontraktha, umzekelo, iValentina llc okanye i-Astrom-7 LLC, ayakha, ayikhe ibe mbi ngaphezu kwabasemzini. Kwaye ukhuphiswano olusempilweni lwenza ukuba iifemu zeMetropolitan zisebenza ngoxanduva olukhulu.
Ukuqala ukusukela ngo-2001, eyona nto iphambili kwisebe lethu yayilulwakhiwo lwezindlu kubantu abazizityebi. Sithetha ngezindlu ze-monolithic kunye nezitena zomgangatho ophuculweyo kwiindawo ezinobunkunkqele. Izakhiwo zeNdawo zeZakhiwo ezinjalo ziya kwenziwa kwiziko nakwiindawo ezineziseko zophuhliso zelizwe, ezantsi, kwizithili zolawulo zaseNtshona. Ukongeza, iSebe lezoMgaqo-nkqubo woKwakha oLwakhiwo lweZicwangciso zoKwakha kangangesithuba seminyaka emithathu yokuphumelela amawaka angama-900 kwi-M2 yezindlu kwindawo yaseKurkino. Inqanaba lamaxabiso amagumbi amatsha aya kuphakama. Ixabiso le-1 M2 kwiziko lemali enkulu kakhulu lingaphezulu kwe- $ 1000. kwezinye iimeko, iya kusuka kwi-700 yeedola ukuya kwi-1 000 nge-1 M2. Okwangoku, eKurkino, izindlu ziyathengiswa ngexabiso le- $ 500 nge-1 M2, kodwa kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba ngokuphuhliswa kwesithili kuyakonyuka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-600-700.
Indlu entsha inokuthengwa ngqo kurhulumente waseMoscow.
Kutshanje ukuthengisa amagumbi ezindlwini ezakhiwe nguRhulumente waseMosco yayililungelo leenkampani ezili-15 ezigunyazisiweyo zezakhiwo. Kodwa ngoDisemba ophelileyo, iZiko leNtengiso yeZindlu enye, eyenziwe liSebe leMigaqo-nkqubo yoKwakha ongezelelweyo, yaqala umsebenzi wayo. Umsebenzi weziko kukudala abemi njengemeko efanelekileyo nefanelekileyo kubemi. Umthengi ngamnye wendlu yeMetropolitan Real Estate ngoku ungathenga indlu kumakhaya amatsha, amiselwe liSebe, hayi kwiinkampani ezigunyazisiweyo zezakhiwo, kunye neZiko leeNtengiso ngqo kwi-MOSCOW, eyenza ukuba inkqubo ibe lula kakhulu kwaye ikhuseleke umthengi. Ngoku iziko lithengisa amashishini ngaphezulu kwamakhaya angamashumi amathandathu, esele idlulisiwe okanye ithunywe kulo nyaka. Indawo iyonke yendawo yezindlu ezicetywayo ingaphezulu kwe-700 lamawaka m2.Ngokutsho kukaRhulumente waseMoscow, ngonyaka ka-2000, abasebenzi bokwakha bakhiwe kwaye bagunyaziswe i-3530.9 iwaka lezakhiwo iyonke yezakhiwo, kwaye ngqo eMoscow - 3342.3 amawaka amawaka m2. Kwale, 414.6 amawaka eeM2 - izindlu zikamasipala; I-1460.8 i-M2 yazisa le nkqubo yokuphinda-phinda imimandla yezakhiwo ezintlanu, kwaye i-670.2 iwaka le-M2 leli nani lanikezelwa kwizakhiwo ezincitshisiweyo (ze-169 ezintlanu zezakhiwo zizonke ze I-492.1 iwaka m2).
Elinye i-628.3 lamawaka m2 yindawo yokuhlala yorhwebo ye-odolo yedolophu. Kumbindi we-moscow, i-336 lamawaka eeM2 yezakhiwo zokuhlala (zikamasipala - 49.8 yamawaka amawaka e-m2) ayakhiwanga kwisiphelo esivela kule ntsimi, amashishini angama-78 aqhutywa ziihektare ezi-8.4.
Igalelo elibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokwakha i-capital langeniswa liSebe leMfundo loQinisekiso lolwakhiwo lweMoscow. Utyalomali lwakhe kwiZindlu eziNtsha ngo-2000 lubelwe kwi-11.4 lamawaka ezigidi, ngaloo ndlela i-919.2 iwaka le-M2 lendawo iyonke. Kwangelo xesha, izakhiwo ezingama-21 zokuhlala kunye nendawo iyonke ye-143.7 yamawaka i-M2 eyakhiwe kwintsimi yeZiko leSixeko (ama-65% ngaphezulu konyaka ophelileyo). Bangaphezu kwe-234 yezindlu ze-M2 yezindlu yayikhululekile kwisixeko.
Amagumbi ashibhile anokuthengwa kwiindawo zophuhliso ezininzi: EMantla naseSouth Booto (IUNSUO) - 11-13 iwaka lendumiso. Kwi-1 M2, kwiPaki yaseMariya (i-Yuvao) - 12-13 amawaka e-ruble, eBratyva (yuao) - i-12-16 i-1 m2 kwi-1 M2 yamawaka ezi-1 M2 zinikezelwa "kwi-prism".Indawo yokuhlala ithengiswa ikakhulu ngaphandle kokugqiba. Kukho amagumbi anendawo yokubekwa ngokukhululekileyo, oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kwezindlu zangaphakathi, enkosi ekungeneni kwezahlulo kumagumbi anokwenziwa kwincasa yabo.
Ngokutyelela iziko elinye lokuthengisa, ungaziqhelanisa neziko kunye neefoto zazo zonke izinto. Ukuba ifunwa, abathengi bemka kwindawo ukuze babone indlu egqityiweyo okanye iwotshile yokwakha phantsi kolwakhiwo. Ngokukhetha ukhetho, umxhasi ngqo kwiZiko leNgingqi elinamancinane imiba ikhontrakthi, emva koko ahlawule intengiselwano ebhankini nakwiirejista kulwakhiwo lweSebe leMigaqo-nkqubo yoKwakha oLungilelweyo, abekwe kwi IZiko leMoscow (Vozdvizhenka, 8/1). Ukongeza kwimali ebaluleke kakhulu, umthengi ufumana ithuba lokunciphisa iindleko zalo zemali-kukho isivumelwano phakathi kwe-DVPs kunye ne-moskomore oli-obhaliso kulolo lwantlandlolo kunye nokuthengwa kwamagumbi. Khumbula ukuba uxanduva lukarhulumente ngoyilo lwe-1.5% yexabiso lentengiselwano. Nangona kunjalo, ngesicelo somthengi, uyilo lwe-ATARIALOL LEENCWADANA LENKOLO linokwenzeka. Ukuziva ukonga umthengi kwiKhomishini, awayeza kunika inkampani ye-Estate (namhlanje yi-2,5-3%).
Ingingqi ye-moscow switzerland
I-Vladimir Restin: "Ndifuna kakhulu ukutsho ngeKurkino. Esi sisithili esitsha saseMoscow, esakhiwe ngokungqinelana neyona migangatho idlulileyo yenkulungwane ye-XXI, uMmandla we-MOSCOW wangoku! Akuyi kubakho qela leqela apho. "
Enye yezona zinto zinomdla, umtyali mali jikelele oliSebe leMigaqo-nkqubo yoKwakha oLwakhiwo, yindawo yokuhlala yeKurkino. Iyakhiwa ngokungqinelana nommiselo worhulumente waseMoscow. 1063 Ded 13, 1999. Le ndawo inobuhlobo yimeko yendawo ekuhlala kuyo i-North-West. Emantla, indawo eyakhiweyo ikufuphi ne-Mashkin upoway, emazantsi - kwi-Moscow Road, empuma-ukuya kwidolophu yaseKhimki, kunye nomda wasentshona. Le ndawo yi-upring ye-humentity evela kwiziko ngemoto okanye amashumi amahlanu - zizithuthi zikawonke-wonke.
NgokweProjekthi ephucukileyo neyemiliselweyo, i-936.5 yamawaka amawaka emizi iya kwakhiwa kwintsimi yeehektare ezingama-780, eza kuba ngabantu abangama-40 ukuya kwengama-45 abantu. Inqanaba lokuqala lezindlu sele linikezelwe ekuqaleni kuka-2001. Kulo nyaka wama-400 amawaka m2 aya kwakhiwa kulo nyaka. Elinye i-300 lamawaka i-M2 iya kuvela ngo-2002. Ulwakhiwo olupheleleyo lucingelwa ngo-2003. Isakhiwo sokuhlala siya kumelwa ziziza ezenziwe nge-ibile zentuthuzelo ephezulu:
- 2-3-I-Cottires ye-2-3-igumbi lokugcina izinto zokuhlala kunye nendawo ye-4.5-5.5 iihektare (indawo yokwakha i-Cottage ye-167.6 i-M2);
- 3-4-Izindlu ezinamava amahle anezindlu zekhaya ezinendawo engaphaya kweehektare ezi-3 (indawo yophuhliso lwe-155.4 i-M2);
-Izindlu ezikuMgangatho we-7-12 (indawo yokwakha eyi-580 yamawaka m2).
Indlu yochungechunge oluqhelekileyo eKurkino aluyi kwakhiwa. Zonke izakhiwo zakhiwe kwiiprojekthi ezizodwa kwaye azifani ngokobume, kodwa kunye nombala (ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezitena ezahlukeneyo-ukusuka kwipinki eyahlukeneyo). Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba kwezi zindlu, ukongeza kwimbonakalo entle kunye nobushushu obuqinisekileyo kunye nokufakelwa kwesandi, indawo ephuculweyo ye-12-16 m2; Iiholo kunye namagumbi okuhlala ubuncinci i-20 m2; Kumagumbi amathathu anesine kunye namagumbi amabini ahlamba. Zonke ii-balconies kunye ne-loggias ziya kukhalaza, kwaye iifestile ezinamafutha zangoku ziya kufakwa kwifestile.
Izakhiwo ezisezantsi kunye ne-cottages zimele zixhotyiswe ngeendlela zokufudumeza, eziya kuvumela abahlali ukuba balibale ngeengxaki zokungabikho kwamanzi ashushu kunye nobushushu. Ukubonelelwa kobushushu kule ndawo kuyakwenziwanga kwisiseko somthombo omnye, kodwa usebenzisa izithuthi ezininzi. Isisombululo eso sixhaswe kukugqibelela kwe-moscow, kuba kuya kukugcina ubunyulu bendalo kunye nembonakalo ye-kurkino. Kwixa elizayo, kucwangcisiwe ukwandisa umlambo kwaye wakhe idama, eliya kukuvumela ukuba uvule isikhululo esibilayo kunye nedatha yemidlalo yamanzi.
Kwaye ekugqibeleni, zonke izakhiwo eziphantsi ezisezantsi ziya kufakwa kwigaraji eyakhiwe. Ngobabemi beemoto zezakhiwo eziphakamileyo, zakhiwe-okanye zakhiwe, okanye zokupakisha iigadi zokupaka kunye nokupaka iindwendwe zinikezelwe.
IKurkino yahluke ngokupheleleyo kubuhle: Intili yomoya yomjelo we-SKODNI, isuka entwasahlobo yeNtlalo, igqunywe yimithi yeenduli ... ngenxa yoko, ukuba ithathe isigqibo sokubeka kufutshane ukuya kwiindlela ezinkulu, kwaye kufutshane nomfula okanye ihlathi ukuyakha amakhosi.