Izixhobo zengcango yengaphakathi. I-Courses, iilogo, iivacks, iziqholo. Izixhobo kunye neengubo. Iimodeli. Amaxabiso.
Umxholo wezinto ezifanelekileyo zokulungisa iingcango zangaphakathi zibuyele eRussia kwiminyaka elishumi kuphela eyadlulayo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kutheni imbonakalo ye-lops, iipensile, i-latches kunye nezinye "izinto ezincinci" zaba zezona zinto ziphambili kuthi ukuba zivavanye. Kodwa malunga neempawu zokusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kwamalungelo amanqamli simlibale. Uninzi lwabantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba kunzima ukulindela ukumangaliswa kwezixhobo ezilula. Kodwa zonke izinto ezifanelekileyo, zombini zixabiso eliphantsi kwaye zibiza kakhulu, zinezichazi zakhe - zombini kufakwe, kwaye zisetyenziswe. Kwaye ayisiyiyo yonke loo nto. Ngokukhetha okungachanekanga kokungakhubeki, iinkcukacha ziyakwazi ukonakalisa umnyango othi uqhelekileyo.
Kancinci malunga nezixhobo kunye neengubo
Esona sixhobo siphambili sokwenza izinto ezifanelekileyo, kunjalo, ubhedu. Ukuthandwa kwayo phakathi kwabavelisi kusekwe ikakhulu kwiindawo ezilungileyo zokuzonwabisa. Yongeza kokusebenza okuhle kunye nomgangatho obalulekileyo wabathengi-emva kokuthoba i-Pholiling ukusuka ku-brass glitter, ngokuchanekileyo. Kwaye iingubo zanamhlanje zezahlulo zikuvumela ukuba ugcine olu gama lininzi. Ngaphandle kokukhusela ukhuselo, ngenxa ye-oxidation ye-oxidation yomaleko, i-brass imnyama ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ilahlekelwe sisibheno sangaphambili.Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izinto zisetyenziswa ekuvelisweni kwemveliso ye-fireys: intsimbi engenasibala, iplasitiki, izabelo ezahlukeneyo ze-zinc kunye ne-aluminium.
Unyango lomphezulu kukufaka kwimveliso (ikakhulu yindlela ye-elektroly) yentsimbi yentsimbi (i-chrome, i-nickelium okanye i-rickelium okanye i-gincodium okanye i-gincodium okanye i-oxiting, oxingetion). Kuzo zombini iimeko, iimpawu zokusebenza kwezixhobo ziphuculwe (umzekelo, i-frassio efihlakeleyo yase-Italiya inika iwaranti yobomi bonke kwiimveliso zayo ngokusebenzisa i-Inoxbour Series). Iimveliso zinokugutyungelwa yipeyinti yepollster power, elungiselelwe kubushushu be-200 ° C kwaye idala ifilimu eqinileyo nethembekileyo.
Iphatha i-noby
Namhlanje, umnqweno welinye lamalungu osapho wabelwa kwindawo yonke yobuqu, efihliweyo kwikona yonke ithathwa njengendalo ngokupheleleyo. Yenza ivumele iikrikhi ezikhoyo kwiingcango zangaphakathi. Kuyinyani, iipropathi zabo zokutshixa zinemiqathango. Ezo zixhobo zenzelwe ukuba zichonge inyani ayifikeleleki kumanye amagumbi, kunokuba kuthintele ukubhukuqa.
I-Choboard yeKhibhodi idityanisiweyo ihlala ifakwe kwiingcango ze-intra. Ngomnqweno, babizwa ngokuba zii-knobs (ukusuka kwisiNgesi. I-Knob-Knob). Kungekho mntu uxhasa ama-50-60% yentengiso yazo zonke iinqaba kunye nee-latches. Izibonelelo zabo zibandakanya ukulula kunye nokuthembeka koomatshini, ukukhululwa kokufakwa kwaye, kunjalo, ixabiso elifikelelweyo. Ubume obungangxwabayo besiphatho (indawo, isilinda okanye i-cylinder okanye i-cone) idityaniswa nezitayile ezininzi ngaphakathi-ukusuka kwi-Appira ukuya kwigadi. abanikezela of iinqaba ezinjalo emarikeni Russian - TESA (Spain), Guli (saseTshayina), Nora-M (Russia) kunye KWICK-SET (USA; imveliso ngokuqhelekileyo mvume ye Taiwan, Korea okanye China).
I-nobies iveliswa kwiinguqulelo ezintathu eziphambili: I-latch eqhelekileyo, i-latch enetshiphu, i-latch ene-retiiner kunye nesitshixo esilula. Itshixa, kunye ne-cylindrical lokutshixa, ibekwe kwizindlu ezibanjwe, eyenza icocwe kakhulu. Elinye inkalo eyakhayo kukuba xa ucinezela iqhosha (okanye ujikeleze i-lever), kuphela isiphatho esivaliweyo, kodwa hayi indlela ye-latch. Ngamanye amagama, unokufumana ucango kunye neziphatho ezivaliweyo. Ukuvulwa komnyango ohlebileyo ukusuka kwelinye icala, umngxunya omncinci unikezelwa kwisiphatho. Ngayo, i-latch inokususwa i-screwdriver eqhotyoshelweyo okanye inaliti.
Sele sithethe ngesidima esingathandabuzekiyo se-Nobov sibamba njengento elula. Inqaba iya kufuna kuphela imingxunya emibini kuphela emnyango kunye nokufunyanwa komtya wobuso benkqubo ye-latch. Kuyinyani, enye yemingxunya kufuneka ibe nobubanzi obuyi-50 mm. Ngenxa yoko, emnyango exhotyiswe ngesibambo esinjalo, kuya kuba nzima ke ukufaka isitshixo solunye uhlobo.
Imakethi yaseRussia ivelisa iimodeli ezidibanisa i-latch yesixhobo kunye nobume beklasikhi yesiphatho. Kuyinyani, ulwimi lokutshixa lususiwe ngokupheleleyo ngaphakathi kwikona enkulu efanelekileyo yokufumana isiphatho-malunga ne-70-80. Oku kungenxa yento yoyilo: Ekuqaleni, indlela yenzelwe intloko yebhola, apho ithuba le-80 800 lingafuneki ngokupheleleyo. Xa ufudukela kwifom yeklasi, intshukumo eyenziweyo ngesandla ayifanelekanga.
Iklasikhi
Xa ukhetha iiSantya zeFole, umthengi usoloko esikelwe umda ekuhlolweni kobuso babo. Kwaye amanqaku ukuba iimpahla, zahlukile kakhulu kwixabiso, zahluke kancinci kancinci. Ukufumana umbhalo kwibhokisi (umzekelo, uyilo lwe-Itali), umthengi ukhetha imveliso etyhefu. Ngaphandle kokunikela ingqalelo kwinto ebaluleke kakhulu, njengokungabikho kokupakisha umbhalo, ebonisa imveliso yempahla. Sicebisa ukuba singakhawulezi kwaye ujonge kwicala elingasemva lesiphatho. Apho, ngamanye amaxesha unokufumana izinto ezimangalisayo. Masithi, Ukuthanda i-Arabic kwimveliso, ekhutshwe i-Italian ... kwiindlela zemveli ezilungele iminyango yengaphakathi, zinokuchazwa kwi-fales zisebenzisa i-fales. Kwimarike yethu, olu hlobo lweemveliso lubonelelwa ngu-Alig, i-llames, uMandelli, iFrastio, m.v., Grey, njl njl., Ukwahlula iindidi ezimbini. Kwaye ezo kunye nabanye zifakwe emnyango okanye ngoncedo lwezikrelemnqa, okanye kwi-screw screeds. Izikrelem zesithambisi kwiplate zihlala zimiselwa apha ngasentla nangaphantsi kwendlela yokutshixa, kunye naphantsi kwendlela yokutshixa, kunye nabemi bezixhobo zesokhethi zihambelana nendawo yokufakelwa kwayo. Ngenxa yoko:-Ukuba i-screw ye-screw scaw ibonelelwe ngokufaka izithambiso, xa ithenga imveliso, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho imingxunya ehambelana nemingxunya yokutshixwa okanye iplastiki kwi-hotch yokutshixa okanye i-latch.
- Xa usebenzisa i-screws, kwanele ukufumana ukuba ubukhulu be-canvas yocango luza kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwento ebonakalayo.
Kwiingcango ezisemgangathweni ezinobunzima obuyi-40 mm kwaye zixhotywe ngenkqubo yokutshixa (i-10-16 mm), iisiphatho zilungele ngokupheleleyo ukunyusa kunye nezikrelemnqa. Ngamanye amaxesha (umzekelo, ngobungqingqwa be-canvas malunga ne-30 mm), kungcono ukusebenzisa i-screw ties.
Umngxunya ophakathi ophezulu wentonga yentonga ye-rod kwindiza yenqwelomoya okanye isokisi. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba ubukho betyholo leplastiki. Kule meko kuphela, indlela eya kusebenza ngobunono, ngaphandle kokugqwetha.
Iindlela
Kwilizwe lethu, i-latches kunye neendlela zeenqaba ezisetyenzisiweyo: I-Finnish Agloy, i-Ucem, i-Italian Agb, i-turkey kale kunye nezinye. Ixabiso eliphakathi lemveliso enjalo lihlala i-8-10, nangona kunokwenzeka ukufumana iimveliso kuzo zombini ii-1-2 zemali ($ 20).
Rhoqo, izibambo zeefemu ezithile zixhotyiswe ngeendlela zabanye. Akukho nto iphosakeleyo kuloo nto ukuba iimveliso zihambelana nenjongo yayo. Ngelishwa, nakwiivenkile ezinkulu zeengcango eziqhelekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha zinika iitshiphu ezenzelwe iingcango zekota (kunye nomthendeleko), kunye ne-vice. Okanye uyilo lwesiphatho aluboneleli jika lwayo ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30, kwaye indlela ibandakanya i-latch ukuya kwi-latch kwi-latch isuswe ngokupheleleyo xa uqala emva kwendlela kwaye useta izibambo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba kuvulwe ucango, kuyimfuneko ukwandisa umsantsa phakathi komnyango kunye nebhokisi okanye inzulu yenxalenye yokuphendula. Mininzi imizekelo enjalo, ke ngoko, yokwenza ukuthenga, inike ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
Nye. Ulwimi lwenqaba kufuneka lube nekhosi ethambileyo, engahambelaniyo.
2. Intwasahlobo yesitshixo kufuneka yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukubuyela kwisikhundla sayo sokuqala kungekuphela ulwimi nje, kodwa kwanoluhlu oluyileyo lwentwasahlobo.
3. Ulwimi kufuneka lususwe ngokupheleleyo ngaphakathi kwesitshixo xa uguqula isiphatho ayingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30.
Ukongeza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlole ibha yokutshixa yenqaba ngokweenkcukacha. Kwiminyango eqhelekileyo enecandelo elithe tyaba, ubume obunxaxhile, ufuna intambo evaliweyo ngeprotrusion. Iya kukhusela isakhelo sesakhelo esivela komonakalo kulwimi lwenqaba. Iprotriculion inokufikelela kuphela kumda webhokisi (ukuba ulwimi aluchaphazeli iplanethi) okanye igqume kwaye ikhusele iplatband. Kwimeko yokugqibela, kungcono ukuba i-protriusion igobe elincinci (zonke iibhobhu zixhotyisiwe ngemitya evaliweyo). Kunqweneleka ukuba iingcango zineplanga. Iya kukuphepha i-rateling yomnyango, ivaliwe ngenxa ye-latch efakwe ngqo.
Loop
Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili ze-LOOUPS kwiingcango ze-quaden eziqhelekileyo: indalo iphela kunye ne-classic. Elokugqibela i-halves ezimbini ezinokuhamba-ezisele kwaye zilungile. Abathengi bahlala benza ukhetho kwi-Universal Loops ngenxa yesizathu sokuba boyika ukudideka, bemisela indlela yokuvula umnyango.I-Loops Universal ($ 2-4) ineenqwelomoya ezininzi (ngokungafaniyo neklasikhi, apho zimbini kuphela). Ke ngoko, bafuna ukuthambisa rhoqo. Ngamanye amaxesha, oku kubuyisela umva yi-parings. Kodwa ke kukho ukuphambuka kwe-5 ukuya kwezi-5 ukuya kwezi-5 ukuya kwezi-5 ukuya kwezi-5 ukuya kweli-the nkqo, ukuze umnyango uqale ukusondela okanye uvule. Ke ngoko, lops ngeebheringi zicetyiswa ukuba zisetyenziswe kuphela ngeengcango ezinzima kakhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-50 kg). Ixabiso eliphantsi le-Universal leops linenye into engathandekiyo-ngokuthe ngcembe bengachazwanga, kwaye emva koko umzobo ongezantsi uliwa ngokupheleleyo. Rhoqo, ukulungiswa akukagqitywa, kwaye isiqingatha sezinto ezinqabileyo sele silahlekile.
Xa uthenga iilogo, funda ukuba kukho umsantsa phakathi kwamakhadi awo kwimo esongelweyo. Kungcono ukuba ayikho kwaphela okanye akazange adlule kwi-1-1.5 mm. Okungakumbi kwale meko, umgama olandelayo omnye komnye uya kuba ngumnyango kunye nebhokisi.
I-Brass I-Loops engcolisekileyo ikhethiwe kwilogo edityanisiweyo, engaphili kumongatho yoomatshini kwaye isenokutshintsha umbala phantsi kwesenzo sekhemikhali. Ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu, oku kubhekisa kwi-cuichromated i-bibromated, ukuya kumncinci - ukuya eChromium kunye ne-nickel.
Ubuncinci sisiqingatha se-lops ethengiswayo kwimarike yethu ukuba ifikelele kwimveliso yabavelisi baseSpain Alig, Mha, iPalladium kunye ne-Russia-M (kwi-45 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 1.5 ukuya kwi- $ 4). Isizathu sokuthandwa kweemveliso ngoyilo lwabo oluphumeleleyo. Ezi zenziwe kwaye zine-leops ezihle zobhedu ngamakhadi aphezulu (3 mm). Kodwa eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ekupheleni komnwe wensimbi yelogo kukho ibhola ecekeceke. Ngenxa yoko, ukuxabana phakathi kweenqwelomoya kuncitshisiwe kakhulu, oomatshini abakhonkxiweyo kunqabile.
Iikhabhathi kunye neengcambu zomnyango ngekota (kunye noMthendeleko)
Kumnyango ophambili kunye nomnyango, amashumi amahlanu kunye nabafundisi bavelisa, kodwa kukho iimodeli ezifanayo kunye nabavelisi baseRussia. Kodwa ukuba iifemu ezingeniswayo zidla ngokubonelela ngeemveliso zabo ngazo zonke izinto eziyimfuneko, emva koko umthengi wakhethe iimveliso zasekhaya, ngale nto, yenzeka, iingxaki ezithile zinokwenzeka. Iingcango zolu hlobo zifuna izitshixo ezizodwa kunye ne-latches.
Iingcango nekota yahlukile kwi-tickor ye-tictual eqhelekileyo kunye nefom yomtya wokuvala. Le yokugqibela kule meko ayifanelanga ukuba ngaphezulu komphetho webhokisi kwaye yenziwa njengekona.
Ithuba lokuvula ucango lonyango kufuneka linikezwe nakweziphi iintlobo kunye neemodeli zeepeni kunye nezitshixo ezinendawo yokuhlala. Le yimfuneko ivela ngokungaqhelekanga. Ivenkile kwaye ingamelana neqhosha "iqhosha" linokuba ngumntwana omncinci, kwaye indoda esele ikhulile. Sukutshata kwaye uqhelekileyo osasazeke, ekufuneka ungaguquki kwigumbi elitshixekileyo ligumbi elivaliweyo. Ngomnyango nekota, ii-loops ezikhethekileyo zeentlobo ezintathu zinikezelwa. Iimodeli zohlobo lokuqala ($ 0.5-1) zisetyenziselwa iingcango ezilula. Inyani yile yokuba inxenye ye-lorch inokuvavanywa ekupheleni kwewebhu kunye nebhokisi ebangelwa ngumthwalo obalulekileyo okanye isitayile esingachanekanga, kungenxa yezinto ezimbini. Ngeengcango ezinzima, i-Loops eguqukayo yohlobo lwesibini kunye ne-cap cap ($ 5-7) okanye ebizwa ngokuba yi-Lops ephukileyo (uhlobo lwesithathu) ngamakhadi aphindayo kwiprofayili yocango ($ 0.5-3).
I-Spivenets (i-rigel) yeengcango eziphindwe kabini
Kwiingcango ezimbalwa, ziyafuneka izifundo ezizodwa. Banqumle esiphelweni segqabi lamagqabi asemantla nangaphantsi kwaye benzelwe ukulungisa enye yeeflethi. Ekuqaleni kokulungiswa kwe-boom ngo-1993-1994, yasetyenziswa ikakhulu yi-Indiya ixabisa i-0.5-1. Kwezi meko, umatshini wawungekho kwisakhiwo ngokubanzi, kodwa wagqunywe kuphela ngomboniso wobuso owenziwe ngobhedu oluhlebileyo. Xa uthatha i-spinlet enjalo, kuyimfuneko ukwenza isampulu yobunzulu be-20-25 mm ekupheleni kwe-cavase yocango. Kodwa eyona nxalenye iphambili yeminyango enikelwa kwintengiso yethu yenza iifreyimu, ukuba nokutshixiza ngobungqingqwa obungabi ngaphezu kwe-20-25 mm. Ngenxa yoko, ukufaka ezi ntsiba, ngokuyintloko ukusika i-bar ecekeceke, ngokwemvelo kukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwendlu yoyilo. Ke ngoko, kwiingcango zefreyimu, kungcono ukusebenzisa iimodeli zecompact, ezinjenge-Italian Agb, i-Alig, Mha ($ 1.5-3), apho ubunzulu bokusikwa kungadluli kwi-10-16 mm. Le mveliso, ngendlela, abathengi bethu namhlanje bethandwa kakhulu.Amaxabiso
Umgangatho, okuthetha iindleko zexabiso leminyango luxhomekeke kwiseti yezinto: Kwizinto ezenziweyo, ukusuka kwinto eyenziwe kuyo, itekhnoloji yemveliso, uhlobo lokudibana. Eyona milo iphambili yekhredithi - i-roming ye-Matte kunye ne-Matte chromium, ipeyinti yexabiso eliphantsi (kubandakanya inkcitho) kunye ne-vardishing varnish. Kwimeko zethu, indawo apho kuthengwa khona izinto eziphilayo kubalulekile. Ngendlela, ngokuchasene nembono eqhelekileyo, kwiimarike zokwakha amaxabiso ezi mveliso zikude kakhulu. Kuyinzuzo ngakumbi ukuya ngqo kwi-Fill ekhethekileyo kwintengiso yezixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Amaxabiso aphezulu alindeleyo kwiivenkile zokuthengisa. Apha uyakuhlawula ukukhetha izinto ezinokuzisebenzisa kwiminyango yakho, kwaye iqondwe ukuba ufumana iziqinisekiso ezithile ukuba ukhetho alufanelekisi. Ixabiso lezinto kule meko linokonyuka kakhulu - nge-50-70%.
Ngokuphathelele iindleko zezibambo zezibambo zangaphakathi, eklasini eklasini, ubunkokheli obungenakuphiko, kunjalo, nombam. Ixabiso eliphantsi lazo ($ 4-10) yinkampani yaseTshayina iGuli kunye neRussia nora-M (ngelixa ikwiimveliso zasekhaya, iNdibano evela kumacandelo aseSpanish idityaniswa namaxabiso asondeleyo kwi-Chinese). Ngandlel 'ithile ixabisa kakhulu ($ 5-15) ziimveliso zenkampani yaseSpain i-tessa, phantse abo bavela kwimarike yasekhaya, iimveliso ezibizayo ze-kwick-iseti (kodwa, kwazo indlela yakho, ngemveliso yaseTshayina.
Kukho ulawulo olulula lwenkcazo yenkxaso ye-hinge: Yintoni ovula umnyango ngokwakho, enjalo loops kunye nemfuno. Ezonamodeli zibiza kakhulu, njengommiselo, iifemu, ezinjenge-colombo kunye ne-mandelli. Amaxabiso ezinye zeemveliso zabo kuphela ngokuhlobisa ngembeko evela kwiinkuni, iglasi okanye i-aquamarine - inokufikelela kwi- $ 130-10. Ewe, uyilo lombhali luhlala lubiza kakhulu. Kodwa le yeyona nto iphambili. Uluhlu lwamaxabiso aphambili eemveliso zase-Italiyane yi- $ 30-60. Ukongeza kwabavelisi abasesele bebonisiwe, kusekho i-MVS neFrastio.
Uluhlu lwexabiso eliphakathi ($ 15-30) lungachazwa kwiimveliso zeSpain Iinkampani ze-Alig, i-llames, i-urfic, i-irfic, i-rirnish abupash fiore. Le mveliso ngamanye amaxesha ayinakwenzeka ukwahlula kwiimodeli ze-Italiyane ezixabisa kakhulu.
Ukuqukumbela, ndingathanda ukuthi, iindidi zeendidi kunye neentlobo zezixhobo zangaphakathi, eziboniswe kwimarike yethu, kunye noluhlu lwamaxabiso aphezulu, ukusuka kwi- $ 50), ngokuqinisekileyo iyavuya kwaye Ithemba liyavuya.
Abahleli bebulela i-LLC ", inkampani" Nora-M "kunye nommeli weNkampani yaseFinland enoncedo ngolungiselelo lwezinto.