Ungasindisa njani umbane? Iziphakamiso zentengiso yale mihla: Izinto zokubala, izixhobo zokusebenza, izixhobo zokulawula ukukhanya.
Izixhobo ezininzi zokuKhanya zivele kwindlu yakho entsha okanye kwi-cottage. Ukuba ulandela uMthetho weGolide wabantu abanukayo, ukusetyenziswa kwabo akuyi kunciphisa kuphela iindleko zombane, kwandise ubomi benkonzo ye-elektroni kunye nezibane, kodwa zikonwabisa umniniyo.
Akunakulindeleka ukuba wonke umntu uya kuphikisana nento yokuba imali enkulu ifunyenwe ngabantu abaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba zizityebi ngokwezinto eziphathekayo akuthethi ukuba ziingqongwe ngulwandle oluninzi olungenantsingiselo. KwiNdlu ye-Wozkovskoye kude ne-Coult Count Golstoy i-Tolstoy yayingekho imibane yombane nefowuni, esele ikwinkulungwane yama-90 yokugqibela, abantu ababephila ngexesha lombhali abafumaneka ngemali.
Omnye wabona bantu batyebileyo kwihlabathi, i-Billional aul Ghetty Ghetty ifakwe endlwini yakhe iifowuni, kwafuneka basebenzise abo bafuna ukubiza iindwendwe. Umnini wekhaya onobutyebi, ukuphelisa isikhundla seJanitor, wathandabuza iingoma. Akukho mntu wakhe wachitha umbane kuye kunye namanzi ngaphandle kwezidingo ezizodwa.
Ngaba ucinga, kunye negrafu, kunye ne-billionali yayiyi-scopidomas kunye namaqhina, indlalifa yokomoya yaseGogol Plughn? Unotshe. Bamba wonke umnqweno wokukhuthaza umbono wokuncancisa.
Kuphela yindoda engenamsebenzi kunye ne-vlgar iya kubonakala kwibhiliyoni ye-Stodollar kwaye ihlambe izandla nge-brandy "hincedi". Ngeli xesha, i-suupet engavulwanga ngamanzi abalekayo ngaphandle, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukubandakanya amagumbi angenanto, amawaka amawaka akwanele ukusebenzisa i-chandelires ephantsi, zonke ezi zinto zibonisa Ukunqongophala kwemfundo kunye nokusilela kwenkcubeko kwabemi abanamakhaya anjalo.
Kwizindlu zesiNgesi esisisityebi sam, asamkelwanga mihla le ukuba ihlambe (thatha ishawa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ihamba ngexabiso eliphantsi), isebenzise impahla yombane (i-Feaper), imoto icinywe kwi-A Intlawulo yeRhafu yeTheriff ye-Oons ezimbini). Akukho namnye kubo oya kutsha umbane ngaphandle kwendlu, kubandakanya isibane sangasemva egadini nasekungenisweni kwepropathi kuphela kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo.
Intsimi yokusetyenziswa kombane kubomi bemihla ngemihla ihlala inda. Kwimeko engazinzanga, intlawulo yombane iyanda ngokuqinisiweyo. Ingxaki yokugcinwa kwamandla iba yinto ephambili kurhulumente kunye nabasebenzisi boMbane. Ngo-1996, kuye kwenziwa isigqibo sikarhulumente sokuphumeza iinkqubo zokonga kwamandla ezenzekelayo. I-Mosenergo yaphuhliswa kwaye yamkelwe imihla ngemihla yokusebenzisa umbane, abantu kunye namaziko asemthethweni acetywa ukuba aseke iimitha zombane ezinamakhaya ngamakhaya. Kuya kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isandula ukwakhiwa ekhaya ixhotywe nge-SEB-2 (isigaba esinye, umthwalo wamandla) kunye ne-4-2 (isigaba sesithathu, somthwalo) Isixhobo esifanele sidityaniswe ukutshintsha amaxabiso.. Ngelixa ingxaki iconjululwe ngamandla kwicandelo lokuxhaphaza izixhobo zokukhanyisa, nangona bengezizo bhonkokeli abaphambili.
Yintoni enokwenziwa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, iindleko zeegridi zokusebenza kunye nezixhobo zokukhanyisa?
Iinjineli zombane zinezimvo ezininzi. Isisombululo esihle siya kuba senza uhlobo lweeglasi zeglasi, ivumela ukonyusa imvakalelo yeliso.
Khawufane ucinge, mnyama, unxiba i-Futifight (ubusuku) imibono, engasithinteli imisebenzi yakho yemoto kwaye ikuvumela ukuba uqhubeke ufunda ngaphandle komthombo owongezelelweyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kude kube sekhaya, ezi zixhobo zizibambiso kwaye zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ngeenjongo zomkhosi.
Enye indlela kukusetyenziswa kwezibane ezikhulisa ukuSebenza kokukhanya okuncinci. Zikho nyani. I-Mercury Fluorescent Lamp enamandla e-10 ukuya kwi-20ws ineendlela zokukhanya ezingama-40-80 i-watts ze-incupste, ubomi babo benkonzo zide kakhulu kuneziqhelo. Phantse bonke abavelisi abakhokelayo bezixhobo zombane banikezelwa phantse bonke abavelisi abakhokelayo kwizixhobo zombane. Kukho, nangona kunjalo, inguyen, ekungafunwanga kuye i-mercury ityhefu kakhulu, kwaye ezi zibane azikhuthazwanga. Nokuba kumaziko nasesitratweni, izibane ezinezibane zeMercury zikhuselwe kwiigadi, ukulahlwa kwezibane ezinjalo kuphatheleleka kwimigaqo yethu. Ngokuphathelele izibane ze-halogn, zibiza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zifuna ufakelo lweenguqu eziphantsi, ezingahlali zilungele ukuziqhelanisa.
Okokugqibela, kukho indlela yesithathu yokusombulula ingxaki yokugcinwa kwamandla, apho ienjineli zombane ziye zahamba-ukudalwa kweenkqubo zoyiso zombane kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuphunyezwa kwezixhobo zolawulo kunye nolawulo lokukhanyisa.
Kwiminyaka emithathu eyadlulayo kwilizwe lethu, okokuqala, isixhobo sokukhupha ukukhanya kunye nokulibaziseka kwexesha eliguqukayo kwaye kwafumana ukutshintshwa kwe-AV-C-0, esele iveliswa zizityalo ezahlukeneyo kwi I-CIS, ngokukodwa yinkampani eyimfama kwiAlmaty. Ndicinezele iqhosha - ukukhanya kwavula kwaye ngexesha elichaziweyo (ngokufuthi imizuzu emibini) icinyiwe ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngokufanelekileyo kwimeko osuka egumbini uye egumbini, ukubambelela kwixesha lexesha, umzekelo, kwi-cottage, kwi-cottage, ukusuka kwiholo kwigumbi lokuhlala, kwizitepsi ukuya kwi-attic. Ukungakhululeki ukuba ngenxa yeso nasiphi na isizathu sokuba uhlale endleleni: Ukukhanya kusuka kumzuzu ongafanelekanga (umzekelo, kwizitepsi, apho ubambe umnxeba). Nangona kunjalo, kuvavanywa ngexesha, ngaphantsi kwaye kunokuthenjwa.
Ngokwaziswa kwezixhobo ze-microproces, ngendlela egqibeleleyo yokusombulula ingxaki ivele. Ukulala kuka-MicroProcesforvoces's kuvunyiwe okanye ukuthoba i-voltage (ngokufanelekileyo ukutshintsha amandla akhoyo) kwaye ke lungisa ukusetyenziswa kombane. Ezona zixhobo zilula zihlengahlengiswa ngokusisigxina ngokwaselunxwemeni okanye ngokwamase.
Isiseko sophuhliso oluninzi ngakumbi ngumgaqo weenkqubo zokhuseleko. Ukuba i-Sensor yenkqubo yokhuseleko, iphendula intshukumo yomntu egumbini, idlulisela uphawu lwe-alamu okanye liquka i-siren, emva koko ithathe isinyithi, iphendule i-shot, ijike ngokuzenzekelayo i-nqabela Ukukhanya kucinyiwe. Olu hlobo lwezixhobo zolawulo lubizwa ngokuba ziinzwa ze-infrared (ocekeceke) zokuhamba. Esi sixhobo senziwa sisinwelo esidlulayo esisabela kubushushu (i-radiation ye-infrared) yomzimba womntu kwivolumu enikezelweyo, apho into enokuhamba khona. Inzwane inza ufinyeze ukuphakama kwento. Ke ngoko, musa ukukhathazeka ukuba ukukhanya kuyajika, ukuba ikati yakho okanye inja ihamba ecaleni kwendlela.
Umzekelo, i-Busch yaseJamani ye-Busch-Jaeger ibonelela inzululwazi ye-180up eRussia kwiinguqulelo ezimbini: imigangatho, apho zonke iiparamitha ezisebenzayo zifakwe kumzi-mveliso kunye nokufakwa kwesangqa sesangqa kunye nokuphakama kwesangqa Indawo yokuhlolwa kwento ibeka umsebenzisi ngokwako. Ukongeza, unokufaka inzwa ye-infrared nge-angle egqwesileyo (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2700), eyenza ukuba "ubone" ngasemva kwenqwelomoya. Kule meko, umendo wakho uqalisa ukukhanyisa kwangaphambi kokuba uwele umbundu wegumbi - sele usavula ucango lwangaphambili.
Ukongezwa komsebenzi wokubeka iliso kubonelela abahlali ekhaya kwinqanaba elitsha lokuthuthuzela, ukungasakhankanyi ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo. Abaphuhlisi basekhaya balawula ukukhanya kwesixhobo se-Pou-1 ukusuka kwi-Orion Ngos baqhubeka ngendlela eyahlukileyo: Babesebenzisa i-microwave esebenzayo: efana nenkqubo yokhuseleko. Esi sixhobo sikuvumela ukuba ujike kwaye ukhanyisele umkhanyiso kwindawo ye-10m, umzekelo, xa usiya kwivaranda yendlu.
Utshintsho lokukhanyisa luxhotyiswe ngolawulo olufihlakeleyo, olufanayo kumabonwakude. I-AStuum inokuhlengahlengiswa kwinqanaba lokukhanyisela, jika kwaye ushiye ukukhanya ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ngaphakathi nangaphantsi kwamagumbi akufuphi nayo ngokungqinelana nemisebenzi ye-milfrocececececececes.
Izixhobo zophuhliso lwedatha yasekhaya zilungele ukufaka kwiibhokisi zeSoviet oPhakamileyo yeSoviet kwaye azifuni ukusetyenziswa komqeqeshi oqeqeshiweyo. Ifakiwe kwi-odolo yokuzilinganisa kwizakhiwo zegumbi elingasemantla i-North Boovo, zifumana kuphela ingxelo entle. Isixhobo solawulo olubekileyo nolude lokukhanya kwe-PPDO Bpkb eveliswa yi-Lyuberetsk Toural "I-Plastics" yenzelwe ukuba isuswe kwaye icime izixhobo zokukhanya kwezibane ze-incandents ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5m. Umlawuli okwi-switch ekude Izixhobo zombane ze-DVR-1buti yemveliso ye-NGO ayinayo i-analoes ye-Intanethi ayinayo i-intanethi ye-intanethi ayinawo i-onories yasentshona; Ukusikwa kwi-10 cm) kunye nokucima i Izixhobo zokukhanya kunye nolawulo olugudileyo lwee-busbscent ze-incandasescent ukusuka kumgama ukuya kwi-5m. Indlela yonxibelelwano engenayo inika ucoceko kunye nokugula kwesitshixo sokutshintsha, okuthetha kakhulu, ukuba endlwini, umzekelo, kukho umntu ogulayo.
Umdla yinkqubo ene-Busch-Fercontrol ir i-IR ekude, ebonelela ngayo i-set yezinto ezikhethiweyo. Phuma phambili, inika umsebenzisi ukuba akwazi ukukhumbula ukukhanya kwemithombo emininzi yokukhanya. Inkqubo iqulathe amamkeli ombi ophakathi kwe-radiation ye-radiation kunye nolawulo olukude. Abamkeli baxhotyisiwe nge-switches, iiplagi zevolumu ezinotshintsho, umlawuli ongumkhenkce, kunye nezibane ze-fluorescent. Ngokucacileyo, ujikile kwisibane setafile apho uyathanda khona, kwaye uyilawule ekudeni! Ungayiququzelela iindlela zokukhanya kwikhaya lakho kwaye uzihlukaniseke ngokucinezela iqhosha elinye kuphela!
Kutshanje, inani elikhulu lezixhobo zokulawula okungenisa elizweni zivele kwimarike yaseRussia. I-dimplemes elula yemveliso yaseTshayina ivunyelwe kwizinto ezintathu ezichukumisayo ukuba zitshintshe inqanaba lokukhanyisa okanye ukucima ukukhanya. Ukungafezeki koyilo lweedimmers kunciphisa ubomi bokusebenza kwabo iminyaka emibini, kwaye banokuzisa nangaliphi na ixesha. Iyantlukwano esebenzayo kunye nokuxhathisa emsebenzini zibonakaliswa ziimpawu zokulawula kwelesgran eqinileyo, kwizibane ze-halosten, i-Sfacebonce Lampscent kunye ne-25kw ukuya kwi-25kw ukuya kwi-25kw ukuya kwi-25kw. Bavumela bobabini ukulawulwa kokugqibela kumgaqo wokukhanya womyalelo olayishayo kunye nolawulo lwasekhaya besebenzisa ukutshintshela kwe-pushbutton okanye ukutshintsha kwe-elektroniki. Zombini ezi nkqubo zolawulo zibonelela ngobuchule bokugcina inkumbulo yexabiso elithile leeparamitha ezilawulwayo.
Iinkqubo ezinobunkunkqele ezingeniswe ezingeniswe ezingeniswayo zithembekile, nangona zixabisa, kodwa nazo, njenge-alogs yasekhaya, kukho isiphoso. Khawufane ucinge ukuba i-lace yayingaphesheya kwindlela yeholo kwaye kwakufuneka uyenze. Ukukhanya kuya kubuyiselwa kwangoko kuba indlela oziphethe ngayo ayibekwe kwisixhobo se-milfacedor. Ukubuyela kwakhona, kuya kufuneka sikhuphe ngesandla sakho ukuya kuphakanyiswa kokukhula kobuncinci bomntu.
Olunye uhlobo lwesixhobo solawulo luhamba ngokuzenzekelayo, olusekwe kuyilo lwefoto yefonti. Isixhobo sasekhaya senyathelo eliphantsi kunye nokuvalwa komoya ekungaphembeli komoya kwi-Betho yemveliso ye-Betho "i-orion" yenzelwe ukuba ihambe ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ivele imiqolo yezibane ngokuxhomekeke kukhanya kwendalo. Ukuguqula okufanayo nemisebenzi esebenzayo kunye noluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwehafu lubonelelwa eRussia nguSouth Korea, isiJamani, isiFrentshi, iSweden kunye nezinye iinkampani. I-Long Godrand Twibile ilawula ukhanyiso ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-25 IUICS, kwaye xa usebenzisa ifoto ngescreen sephepha elikhethekileyo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-600 Suite.
Sele yaqala kwangaphambili umbuzo: Kutheni sithetha ngokukodwa malunga nezixhobo zokukhanyisa?
Kwaye kuthekani ukuba inkosikazi elilindilayo ishiya intsimbi okanye isitovu sombane kwaye sibhabha sifudumele phantsi kwemitha ye-cyproshik surshik?
Eyona nto iphambili, ukubuya, kulindeleke ukuba kusetyenziswe isixhobo sombane esingafanelekanga kunye neakhawunti eqinileyo yombane esetyenzisiweyo, kweyona nto imbi kakhulu ... Kulungile, asiyi kuyinyanzela imeko. Ingxaki ibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye ezona ngqondo zibalaseleyo zeefemu ezikhokelayo ezivelisa iimpahla zombane zibetha ngaphezulu.
I-Nokia yenye yabo yabo basukelayo usukelo lokubeka umsebenzi wayo yonke indawo yokufakelwa kombane endlwini phantsi kolawulo lwekhompyuter. Ithuba elinjalo lavela njengesiphumo senguqu kwicandelo le-wiring yangaphakathi yezakhiwo-ukufakelwa kwe-iphinda-chaphaza iTire. Apho amandla e-wiring ye-wiring efihlakeleyo asondela kwimida, ukusetyenziswa kwetaysi yokufakelwa kwe-NEEMEC ayivumelanga kuphela ukubonelela ngolondolozo lwamandla, ukuthuthuzela okukhulu kokusetyenziswa kwezakhono zobugcisa, kodwa ikwayithatha phantsi kolawulo lwekhompyuter. Ngelixa uphuhliso lokuhlolwa kwenkqubo yekhompyuter yegridi yamandla kukwizilingo. Kodwa nkqu nokwazisa ngokukhawuleza kwenkqubo ye-Nokia ayithembisi ukuba kuya kubiza ixabiso eliphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, umntu onento yokonga, uya kuya ngokuchanekileyo ukuba amisela inkqubo. Engqongileyo, njengoko uyazi, hlawula kabini.
Ngelixa iingcali zasentshona zilingo, ii-craftsmen zasekhaya azisebenzi kakhulu, kodwa zindlela zonke zokukhusela indlu ekungakhathali kubanini abalibele. I-Iron yentsimbi, nakwisitovu sombane, kwaye kuyo nayiphi na into yokufudumeza, isixhobo sinokubekwa yiparamitha etshintsha i-voltage kunye nexesha lokufudumeza elinokuqhagamshela ngokwaneleyo (ngaxeshanye alikho Kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha i-RCD ukuba ibe yeyakhayo) ukutshintsha imeko yengozi Isixhobo esithile esikhubazekileyo. Olunye uluvo lwasekhaya kukususa izinzwa kwizixhobo zombane kwiphaneli yolawulo lwenkqubo yokhuseleko, apho umniniyo wendlu kunye namalungu osapho lwakhe ababeka khona, bevula kwaye batshixe umnyango. Inzwa esibonisa i-iron engabonakaliyo okanye i-elektrocamine ayizukuvumela ukuvala umnyango (ongeniswe kwinkqubo yenkqubo yokhuseleko yomsebenzi owongezelelweyo) kwaye iya kunyanzela umsebenzili olilindi ukuba abuye kwaye acime isixhobo sombane.
Ke, iindlela ezilula ze radical zisuka zilibale, abanini bangekho? Ukuzola, zikho iindlela: Ixesha lemveli lidluliselwa kunye namaxesha okufikeleleka. Ixesha elidlulayo, elifakwe ngqo kwisokethi, linesantya seShutter, ngesantya se-shutter, ipulse (ukwenza nokukhubaza umthwalo obekiweyo, umzekelo, uninzi. Amaxesha alula amaxesha avumela ukuba uqhagamshele umthwalo ngexesha elichaziweyo. Zifakwe zombini kwii-switch kunye nakwiziseko. Amaxesha e-legrand entsonkothileyo kukuvumela ukuba ubeke ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-58 imisebenzi yexesha ukuya kwiveki enomxholo wabo kwibhodi yamanqaku okanye kwi-crystal yekristali. Iinkqubo zexesha zinokutsalwa ukuze zikhuphe naluphi na ulwakhiwo lombane ezishiywe zingakhathalelwanga.
Nangona kunjalo, lixesha lokupholisa uthuli oluhle kwaye ubuyele emhlabeni, apho sisebenza khona rhoqo ngenkunzi yebhokhwe "yenkunzi yebhokhwe" entshukumo ye-elektroniki, apho umnini weglosy antywine ekuhlaleni izindlu ezijikelezileyo. Impendulo kule meko inomgangatho: "Mhlawumbi i-Nestgomim." Ubomi "Mhlawumbi", ukuchitha amanzi okucinga, irhasi kunye nokukhanya ngokungabikho kweekhawuntari zokubala, kusenokwenzeka, kodwa kungengenxa yokuba sibandezelekile kule nto? Ngaba yimalini esityebileyo ukuze singayithengi kwaye singabizi, kodwa siyimfuneko kakhulu kwaye silawula izixhobo zokulawula? Kubonakala ngathi impendulo iphakamisa: Ukuba igrafu i-Tolstoy, efumene ezona ntlawulo ziphezulu zehlabathi ezintlangeni zehlabathi, zigcinwe, zeza kuthetha ntoni ngathi?
Khumbula isiqendu kwincwadi engafiyo ye-I. Ilf ne-E.ctrov "12stulviv". Oko kwakufakwe kwiTeatnkin Loankin? Kusekho ke, ekuqulunqweni kwelizwe laseburhulumenteni , abantu babehamba phambili, emva koko bonakalisa itshizi yasimahla. (Funda: Amanzi, igesi, ukukhanya kwe-mouseerrap. Siza kufaka elinye inyathelo ukuya kwinkqubela phambili: Siza kufaka Ubuncinci esinye sezixhobo zolawulo ezichazwe apha ngasentla kunye nolawulo lokukhanyisa ukuya kuthi ga ngoku: "Asinguye uLolokins! I-Loarnkins ayikho!"
Abahleli bebulela i-tfselectrotecnic yokuncedisa ukulungisa ukudubula, kunye nomphathi we-C.a. Ptashkin kunye nenjineli yombane .V.Kuzilina yolwazi olunikiweyo.