Izahlulelo zahlukile: iguqukile kwaye ime; Ukusuka enkuni, isitena, iglasi, eyomileyo okanye ezinye izinto, kodwa zonke ziyinto yokuqala kwaye kulula ukusebenza.
Iindidi zezahlulo eziguquliweyo:
I-o-ithambile (uhlobo lwekhethini),
B - otyhutywe rigid engatshatanga,
B - i-rigid ephindwe kabini,
G - iyonke iyonke,
D - Inxalenye yokubuyisa
Iimfuneko zendawo yokuhlala ziyatshintsha kunye notshintsho olwenzekayo kusapho, ke xa iphinde yakha igumbi, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukhetho lwe-cottage, kuyafuneka ukubuyisela kwangaphambili ukhetho lwe-cottage, kuyafuneka ukubona ukhetho ngeendlela ngeendlela zokufunda kwindawo yonke yendlu, ephambili uyilo oluyingqonkaso kunye nembonakalo. Igumbi lokuhlambela kunye nezitepsi zinokuba nendawo esiqingqiweyo, kwaye inguqu yendawo yonke yesakhiwo inokwenzeka ngenxa yokudluliselwa kwesitali esiyimiliselo okanye ukusebenzisa iziqwenga zokuhamba ngeentlobo, eziza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.
Ngokungafaniyo nabathwali beendonga, izihlulelo zingashukumi, okanye zizinto ozixhasayo. Zifakiwe kwipleyiti zekhonkrithi eziqinisekisiweyo, ibe yimingxunya naphi na indlela kwaye nakuphi na ukubalula, ke ngoko, kufuneka kube lula, hlangabezane neempembelelo zamandla kunye nokugxeka kwi-Perming yefanitshala), ihambelana nolawulo lokusebenza kwendawo. Ke ngoko, ngokwemigangatho yococeko kunye necocekileyo, eyona nto iphambili kwigumbi lokuhlambela, igumbi lokuhlambela, ikhitshi - ukwanda komswakama, ukungabikho kweengcango zegalelo kwinambuzane nakwiintonga.
Ukwahlulwa kwii-cottages kunye namagumbi ahlala enziwa kwizinto ezingathintelwanga umlilo (ixesha ubuncinci 0.25h). Indawo ye-Acerisor yezakhiwo ezinomahluko wobushushu ngaphezulu kwe-10c (umzekelo, xa isahlula i-tambura evela ngaphambili) kufuneka ikhuphe i-incylid.
Iindidi zezihluzo
Ngokuqeshwa-iSitimelo kunye nokuguqula.Ngokutsho koyilo, umaleko omnye kunye ne-mulayer.
Ngokwendlela yokwakhiwa, iphaneli enkulu (iphaneli, ubungakanani kwigumbi, enqabile kwii-cottages), iziqhamo ezilungileyo zinemigca, i-monolijic.
Ngokwezixhobo - isitena, ukusuka kwi-ceramic kunye namatye endalo, i-Slab (Ikhonkrithi ye-Emince-Triserte, i-Gypsim (Shield), kwiibhloko zeglasi.
Ngezahlulelo zangaphakathi, umthamo wokukroba ngamandla angama-45-50 db. Inezakhiwo zesikhululo sodwa, ubude be-150-250 kg / m2. I-FinAight Andraining Suremigings (iskyrpich, ifakwe "kumda", iibhodi, ikhonkrithi ye-60-10 kg / m2 incinci (kodwa eyaneleyo (30-40 I-DB) kwaye ufaka kuphela iindonga zangaphakathi kwindlu.
Ngamanye amaxesha, umzekelo, umahluko phakathi kwegumbi lokuhlala, ikhitshi kunye negumbi lokutyela liqhutywa ngempumelelo ngokuvula okanye inyibiba yentsimbi ebonakalayo okanye engaphandle kwentsimbi, ayilulo lonke udonga olukhawulezileyo.
Izifundo zibonakalisile ukuba isandi sinxibe ngokuqatha ngokungafaniyo, kodwa kwizakhiwo ze-Multilayer: Iingqimba zezinto ezinobunzima zihlukaniswe ziirhasi ezivela kwi-40-60mm, elingana nolwando lwe Ubunzima besahlulelo secala elinye nge-100 kg / m2. Nangona kunjalo, ezo zinto zifuna iindleko zabasebenzi kwaye ke kwii-cottages zisetyenziswa rhoqo.
I-Confete eqinisekisiweyo yekhonkrithi esetyenzisiweyo kwizakhiwo zokuhlala zihlala zenzelwe umthwalo wama-300 ukuya kwi-kg / m2, evumela ukuba babeke izahlulo ze-120mm. Ukuphucula umgangatho wabo, inani leemeko ezakhayo ziyafuneka: Izizwe (zonke kodwa ukuguqula) kufuneka zixhomekeke ngqo kuYilo loThengilikeli, akukho mfuneko yokuqina kwi-Finess Faming isiseko, kungenjalo kuya kuvela ii-rocks kuzo. Ukujonga nge-overlaps kwi-Woodden Beams Isixhobo sokwahlula-hlula kufuneka sicinge ngononophelo.
Ukwahlulwa ngokweendleko, ukuntywila kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto kwezikwindawo yesithathu emva kweendonga, imigangatho, imigangatho. Indawo yabo igqitha kwindawo ephithizelwe kabini, iindleko zezinto ezifikelela kwi-8-10% yeendleko zizonke ze-cottage, nasekwakhiweni kwe-15%. Ngenxa yoko, ukwehla kobunzima kunye nobunzima besakhiwo (ngelixa kulungiswa i-incumation eyimfuneko), ukulula kunye nokuncipha kwesandi esifanelekileyo, indleko eziphantsi kunye nokugqitywa kwengqwalaselo kuyo xa ukhetha uhlobo lwezihluzo.
Izitena. Izahlulo zeSikhululo sezeNkolo zininzi, ngokuchaseneyo nokusetyenziswa ngokungalingani, kwiimeko ezininzi zenziwe ngezitena (kunye neendonga ezingaphandle) okanye ezinye izinto ezincinci. Ezo zinto zilula kwimveliso, zinomlilo ovuthayo, i-surities elungileyo, ukunyangwa okuphezulu, ngexesha lokufakelwa komswakalo, xa kufakelwa umswakalo, ungafuni ukuba ube nomtsalane wendlela yokuphakamisa kwaye unokubaluleka kwi-Intertior ye-cottage yanamhlanje. Ukwahlula-hlula kudla ngokuqhutywa ngamacala omabini, ukurabha ngononophelo, ukulungiselela phantsi kokupeyinta okanye ukudlula kwiphepha lodonga. Ukusuka kwicala lendawo enomswakama okuphezulu, kunqweneleka ukubanika ukuphakama konke (okanye kungaphantsi kwe-180 cm) ngeethayile ze-ceramic, ezinye izinto zeoyile ezinganyangekiyo okanye i-eulsion yeoyile engasentla.
Ukunciphisa ubunzima bodonga olungasebenziyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise i-hick esebenzayo okanye isitena esine-pous, nangona kunjalo, igumbi lokuhlambela, igumbi lokuhlambela, ikhitshi elibomvu lingafanelekanga).
Kwizakhiwo zobukhulu obutsha, ukwahlula izitena zingama-65mm. Ukonyusa uzinzo, kuya kufuneka komelezwe ngokuthe nkqo kwaye ngokuthe tye, ukwenza iseli ye-525525mm. Izinto ezikumgangatho ojikelezayo kweeseli ezinjalo zifakwe ngokuqiniswa: Nokuba yintsimbi yentsimbi enecandelo lama-225mm, okanye iintonga ezimbini ezinemifanekiso ye-4-6 mm. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,5m kunye nobungqingqwa bokuqiniswa kwe-65mm yenziwa kuphela kwimigca ethe tyaba kwimigca emibini okanye emithathu yezitena.
I-Enterpores ye-In0mm inobude obungaphezulu kwe-5m kuyacetyiswa ukuba iphinde iphinde ibethe i-bandet yentsimbi nganye nganye yemigca emithandathu. Iziphelo zoqeqesho zinxulunyaniswa neyona ndlela iphambili yesakhiwo, ukulila ezindongeni, okanye i-clog kwaye unamathisele kwiindonga, iiracks.
I-jumpers ngaphezulu kweminyango yokwahlula-hlula inokuqhakaza kuchwetheza oqinileyo kwimiba yekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi okanye yomeleza iintonga zentsimbi. Xa isixhobo sokwahlula izakhiwo, kusetyenziswa izinto ezinkulu, umzekelo, ikhonkrithi ye-gypsum, ikhonkrithi ye-gypsum, ikhonkrithi ye-FAMG, i-Slag Serion, i-slamer kunye nezinye izitovu ezivela ku-2500 ukuya kwi-1200mm ngokuphakama Ukusuka kwi-400mm ukuya kwi-2,5-3.11m kunye nobunzima obuvela kwi -45 ukuya kwi-80- 100mm. Ubunzima buguquka ukusuka kwi-40 ukuya kwi-80-120 kg. Iipleyiti zihlala zifakwe kungqimba olunye kwaye zihlanganiswene nenye into egqityiweyo, umzekelo, iipeyinti. Kwiloop esecaleni idlula i-Groove, ethi, xa ifakwe, ububele buzaliswe ngudaka lweplani.
Ukuma kwefreyimu zocango kwiCandelo ukusuka kwizixhobo zeplate kufuneka kugqitywe, i-mosper emgangathweni ukuya kwisilingi. Ngaphakathi kwisilingi esidibeneyo, ungacebisa ukuba ubeka i-slaten slads apho kupeyinta, izibuko, iihirsen, njl njl. Zinqunyanyisiwe kwiintambo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amashishini amaninzi okwakha kunye neefemu ezininzi zibonelela ngesahlulo segumbi eliphezulu kwi-Searintrete yeSelfowuni, i-fiber eyomileyo, njl. Iipaneli eziphakamileyo ukusuka phantsi (2.5-3..0 m), ububanzi be-200mm kwaye ngaphezulu, 80-100 mm ubukhulu. Izinto ezingekhoyo (ngobubanzi begumbi, hayi ububanzi obuninzi bephaneli) zinqunyulwe ukusuka kweyona nto iphambili, kunye ne-plints, iindlela zokuhamba, iikopi, iikona zibandakanyiwe. Ezi phaneli, zihlanganiswe ngokulula kwi-GARTE, yiba ne-GARTAL SORT, yiya kwintengiso esenziwe nge-fit-fit-bit ebekelwe i-proble ebilise imabula, iinkuni zeemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izinto. Iifemu ziqinisekisa ukuqina kwazo kunye nokukhululeka. Ihamba ngoluhlu oluncinci kunye nezakhiwo ze-SLAB ziphantse ziyafana, kwaye amaxabiso exabiso lokwakha ngokulandelelana kwezoqoqosho ngakumbi.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba emaphandleni izindlu Inani lezinto zihlala zenzeka kanye kwisiqingatha esingaphezulu kwamagumbi ezidolophini. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kwefanitshala ye-Septum-icandelo lisebenza kakhulu.
Onke amajoyina kunye nemingxunya yendawo yokugcina izinto, izixhobo zombane kufuneka zitywinwe ngokuqinileyo, kwaye ukushiya izithuba (i-15 ukuya kwi-15 ukuya kwi-15 mm) ubude okanye zinemizila yesisombululo seGypsim okanye isisombululo ubugweqwala. I-jade icala langaphambili ledonga elimiselweyo likhupha ngaphandle ngesisombululo ukuya kubunzulu obungama-20 ukuya kwele-30 mm.
Imiphetho yesahlulelo kufuneka ilungiswe ezindongeni kunye nophahla ngoncedo lweebakaki zensimbi ekhethekileyo, ezibekwe emingxunyeni phakathi kwee-squels ze-oglaps kunye neendonga. Isisombululo sokuhlangana esiphumeleleyo sisiko lezahlulelo kubunzima beendonga, apho imisele ye-furrows (iziqendu) zobunzulu be-60 mm zishiywe okanye zahlukile iziseko emva kwemini emihlanu ukuya kwemithandathu. I-SEAMS phakathi kwesakhelo sesakhelo kwaye isahlulelo sigutyungelwe ngeplanethi yeplanethi. Nika ingqalelo kwinto yokuba i-plinths iqhotyoshelwe kuphela kwisahlulelo okanye kumgangatho kuphela.
Izahlulo zomthi Kulwakhiwo lwale mihla, basetyenziswa ikakhulu kwilogo, eziqhutywa, izindlu zekhaka kunye nezindlu zegadi. Ngokwesiqhelo, izakhiwo ezikhoyo zenziwa ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yokwakha evela kwizihlangu ezinamagumbi amabini (ngamanye amaxesha okanye ezintathu ezinobunzima, kwikhadibhodi enobunzima, i-vergamine akufuneki isetyenziswe kuphela okanye imbaleki i-bitumen equlethwe kuzo inika ivumba elinamandla, ngakumbi ehlotyeni). Ukwenzela ukwandisa ukuqina kwesahlulelo, umaleko omnye weeplanga ezinobude obuyi-900-1200 mm kwaye ubukhulu be-40-50 mm bufakwe ngokuthe nkqo, kwaye enye kwi-Angle ye-45-0. Ububanzi bezihlangu ezinjalo zii-500-1000 mm, ukuphakama kulingana nomgama phakathi komgangatho kunye nophahla, kuthathelwa ingqalelo i-gesiment yendawo yeNdlu kunye nokungavumi kwabemi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezoqoqosho ngakumbi kwezakhelo zeplanga esatyiweyo, ezibandakanya ukuqhekeza, iiracks kunye netrim. I-rack yeplanga enecandelo lama-50 (60) 80 (100) mm lisetwe kumgama omalunga ne-500-1200 mm enye (kuxhomekeke kwi-check) kwaye iqhagamshelwe ezantsi kwaye Ukuqhekeka okungaphezulu kwecandelo elinye lomnqamlezo kunye ne-spikes okanye izikhonkwane. Isakhelo esivela kumacala omabini siphilisiwe ngobungqingqwa be-25mm (iClapboard) okanye ezinye izinto: iPlywood, i-Orgam, i-Pltyboard, yomile), njl. Ukubuk 'iindwendwe, amaphepha e-Plasterboard (ukuba akaqhagamshelwa kwisiseko esincinci) esityumkile ngokulula kwaye angagcina izipikili kakubi. Izahlulo zenkuni zigutyungelwe iphepha lodonga okanye ezikhutshiweyo kumacala omabini.
Izinto ezenziwe ngesakhelo Ungasinika ukwanda kwesandi (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50 db) kunye nekhaka lobushushu, ukuzalisa izithuba eziphakathi kwe-tracks, uboya bezimbiwa okanye iiplate zokukhanya komzi-mveliso. Ukuthintela ukutshitshiswa kwe-speciations emva kwe-400-600 mm, iifonti ezithe tyaba zezinto ezincinci (i-aperture) zilungiselelwe ukuphakama kweeracks (Aperture), umzekelo, ukusuka kwisisombululo kwigridi yokuqina. Izahlulo zingcono okanye zisiya kwimiqadi. Kwimeko yokuqala, imivalo emincinci (i-riggers) ibekwe phakathi kwemiqadi, enqunyanyisiwe kwi-ACMP yensimbi.
Kukho ezinye iintlobo "zokwahlukana", ezinje nge-carpentry, ngaphandle kokukhanya okuqinileyo okanye ezikhanyayo zamaplanga ezinobundlobongela, ii-veneer veneer, iigridi ze-veneer, ibhloko ye-venier, ibhloko ye-vene. Zisebenza kumagumbi apho i-inzukini efanelekileyo ayifuneki, kodwa ingumbutho wendawo obalulekileyo wendawo.
Izahlulelo njengefanitshala. Uhlobo olukhethekileyo kukutshintsha kwentersom ngokuguqula ulwahlulo neekhabhathi, izahlulo zedonga. Banokufakwa naphi na eflethini bobabini ngexesha lokwakha kunye nemeko yotshintsho okanye ukulungisa i-cottage. Eyona ntlobo zobuxoki ineewadi zokugcina izinto kunye nefenitshala. Indawo esemgangathweni kwi-phaling ngaphakathi kuyilo luphawu oluluncedo, ukuze igumbi likhululwe kwifanitshala eqhelekileyo: isifuba esahlukeneyo sereyithi, isifuba, izifuba. Ukusetyenziswa kwamacandelo kunye namaSebe ezikhabhathi kwahlukile: kuba iimpahla, ilineni, ilineni, izitya, iincwadi; Iitafile zeFelik, oonobhala, iiBhaqongo zeChervanca, iibhedi, iibhedi, ezilungele okukhethekileyo kumagumbi abantwana zingena ngaphakathi kubo. Ixabiso lokwahlula-hlula izihlandlo ezithathu elingaphantsi kwexabiso lesiqhelo, kodwa ngakumbi ngakumbi.
Ubungqingqwa bolo lwahlu-iikhabhathi lungayinto, kodwa ihlala impahla yokunxiba, i-Linen-60cm, kwiishelfu ezixineneyo phantsi kweencwadi, izitya, ii-Insungs-iqhotyoshelwe kwi-celish kwaye i-Semi ngoncedo lokubetheka Izikati kunye nokutywina kweepads.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-goardrobes yegumbi elihle kakhulu yegumbi eliphezulu, ukuphakama ukusuka kumgangatho wokuhamba, endaweni yokuba kuvulwe i-flaps, phambi kwabo kuyimfuneko ukuba nendawo eninzi yasimahla yegumbi. I-Deeting ehamba (i-skiding) iminyango engafuneki isikwere esiphezulu. Banokulungela zombini iindonga ezingenamntu.
Ukwahlulwa kunye neekhabhathi kunye neewadi ezilungileyo zilungile kwinto yokuba banokufakwa naphi na kwigumbi, ehamba, ukunika ubume obutsha bendlu ngokungqinelana neentsapho zosapho. Izahlulo ezinokwahluka kwimilinganiselo, njengoko idla ngokuqokelelwa kwizinto zemodyuli kwaye ikwiphondo liphela. Oku kukufumana okuhle kohlaziyo lwangaphakathi.
Ukuthembisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezahlulo zokuguqula: Ukutyibilika, ukubuyisa, ukusongelwa uthambile, ukusongelwa. Zisetyenziselwa ukwahlukana okwethutyana (okanye ukukhwela) amagumbi, anjengegumbi lokuhlala, ukutya okanye kwiholo ye-intelet; Ngenye imini kude, ngokuhlwa kwaye ebusuku banokohlulahlulwa babe ngamagumbi okulala.
Olona hlobo lulula kwaye lulula- oluthambileyo okanye i-rigid irejista: Idrafri itshintshelwe kwelinye okanye kumacala omabini kuwo wonke ububanzi okanye inxenye yegumbi. Ngokwesiqhelo zenziwe ngesikhumba esenziwe ngesikhumba, ifilimu yeplastiki kunye nezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo, ezizomelezwa zii-racks ezinqabileyo zomthi othi nkqo (icandelo elivela kwi-2040mm). Banqunyanyisiwe kwimiphetho ephezulu kwi-rollers ehamba ngaphakathi kwifestile yentsimbi yentsimbi okanye iprofayile yomthi. Ukonyusa i-rigidity, iqinisekisa iyunifomu yokusonga ukwahlulahlulo kwiziphelo ezisezantsi ze-racks, isinyithi "sentsimbi" sifakwe kwi-Slot yesikhokelo phantsi ngamanye amaxesha ifakwe. Kufuneka ibhalwe ngemigca yentsimbi okanye iikona kwaye zenze imxinwa (i-3.5 mm). Ukuphakama koluyilo kuxhomekeke kwi-3m, kwaye ubude buyi-1.5-3 m. Ifomu ethathiweyo ayithathi ngaphezulu kwe-600 mm ubude kunye ne-200mm ububanzi.
Izahlulo ezinogoso ezinzima azitshatanga (iyonke i-to2.5m) kwaye iphindwe kabini (i-OT8M nangaphezulu), iplastikhi ye-2,5-3 m, i-250-600 i-Piano Piano I-LOOPS okanye i-strip strips, i-braid. Baneeroller eziphezulu okanye ezisezantsi eziphakathi kwikhaka ngalinye eliphambili, ezivumela ukuba bajikeleze xa uqhuba. Phezu kwemiphetho, imifanekiso emibini yezithulu ifakiwe, eziqhotyoshelwe kwizibambo, kwaye ukuba kukho imfuneko, itshixa.
Kusisiseko kakhulu ukusebenzisa izahlulelo eziguqulweyo zokuguqula kwale mihla (ezinjengeSash kwiWardrobe). Bahlala babulawa ngokwahlukeneyo, kubude bonke besahlulelo, iipaneli ezingama-800mm ezingama-800mm kwaye ngaphezulu kwendiza yayo, oko kukuthi, kumgca othe ngqo. Kuxhomekeka kwindawo ye-rollers, isahlulelo sahluleke ngokunqunyanyiswa (phezulu) kunye nokuThengisa (ezantsi). Ekugqibeleni, izikhokelo zenziwa phantsi (malunga nobunzulu bama-50mm). Emva kokuvula, i-blooge-roove ilunge ngakumbi ekubekeni okwethutyana i-gush kaloliwe ngomgangatho womgangatho. Ngoyilo encinci (emfutshane), iigrows zinokuvalwa ngumtya werabha enkulu efudumeza phantsi kwenkunkuma esezantsi.
Iipaneli ezihlanganisiweyo zihamba ngokuhambelana nomnye kwizikhokelo nakwilizwe elisongelweyo zigcinwa kwiikhasethi ezikhethekileyo ze-pheen.