Iindidi zezitepsi, ezenza izinto kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ubalo lweeparamitha. Iindawo zemveli zokufakwa kwizinyuko kwigumbi okanye kwi-cottage.
b. Izitepsi ezivela kwi-Preppe Sches kunye neziza ekuphakameni komgangatho 2.8m
ngaphakathi. I-Star Matshi ngentsimbi yentsimbi
G. Uyilo lwezinyuko ezivela kwizinto ezizodwa
Izitepsi azisincede nje ukuba siphume kumgangatho omnye. Rhoqo iba luphawu lonxibelelwano lwawo nawaphi na amanqanaba, umzekelo, "inkonzo yesitebhisi" ... Olu nxibelelwano luthe nkqo lunokusikhokelela (iHings) okanye ezantsi (ingenile (ingenile). Ezinye iimfihlo zezitepsi siza kutyhila kumaphepha ephepha lethu.
Izitepsi, iindiza ezityekileyo (i-RAMP) kunye noPhindezo lweMatshini (eziphakamileyo, ii-Opring) zisetyenziselwa unxibelelwano phakathi kwemigangatho, amaqonga kunye namagumbi abekwe kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Izitebhisi kuphela zihlala zisetyenziswa zizindlu ze-bump. Ukongeza kwimisebenzi kunye nokubaluleka kokuqulunqwa okujikelezileyo kwesakhiwo sendawo yokuhlala, izinyuko zahlulahlulwe zaya: Ukungena, ebekwe ngaphandle okanye kwishawari (Niche) yeNdlu; Eyona nto iphambili phakathi komgangatho; I-Auxiling, umzekelo, ekhokelela kwigumbi elingaphantsi, kwaye ikhusela ubude be-10m-illfinsim, ihlala ikwi-faci kwaye ikhokelela eluphahleni.
Izinyuko kufuneka zikhululekile kwaye zikhuseleke, zomelele, zine-bandwidth eyimfuneko (ububanzi) ukutshintshela ifanitshala kunye nezixhobo, ekufumaneni izinto ezifudumeleyo zomlilo.
Xa ukhetha kwaye uyila izinyuko, indima yabo ebalulekileyo ekucwangcisweni kwendlela yokucwangcisa kunye nokuqulunqwa kwendalo njengoko iyonke kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Intuthuzelo ekhaya, ingaphakathi lendawo yayo ephambili, ukwakhiwa kwebala kuya kumiselwa ngokulungele indawo, ubungakanani, ubume, ukugqiba izitepsi. Zonke ezi ngqwalaselo kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo ukusuka ekuqaleni koyilo.
Izitepsi zinezinto ezimbini eziphambili-amaqonga kunye neetekisi zendlela. Iziza zahlulahlulwe zangaphantsi, (kwinqanaba lomgangatho womgangatho ngamnye) kwaye ziphakathi (eziphakathi). I-Matshi yindawo esebenzayo neyesakhiwo edibanisa izitepsi ezimbini kwaye zixhomekeke kubo. Inothotho lwamanyathelo, luqiniswe nge-mbini, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu kwe-beam. Ukuba imiqadi enxibayo ibekwe phantsi kwamanyathelo, ibizwa ngokuba ziKosomers, kwaye ukuba phaya emacaleni (eziphela) amanyathelo. I-Starches Sports kunye neendawo zokudlala kufuneka zibe nokubiyela eziphepheni, i-railing, i-800-1000mm yokuphakama.
Kuxhomekeka kwinani lemigqaliselo edibanisa imigangatho emibini ekufuphi, izinyuko azitshatanga, zimbini okanye zimbini (ngesixhobo se-inyusi okanye ukuphakama komgangatho ukusuka kwi-4.2m). Ifom yezitepsi ixhomekeke ekubeni iphazamisi yemarike kunye namaqonga kwaye inokuthi ichanile, ngokujikeleza, i-curvilinear, ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba fan. Izithako zihlala zihlala zihlangana ngqo okanye zijijeke kwaye zijijeke kwaye zimbini iintsuku.
Izitepsi zihlala zininzi kakhulu, ke enye yemisebenzi yoyilo kukwenza ukuba icombulule ngakumbi. Ukwenza oku, kwiikotati, zihlala zenzelwe kungekuphela nje ngeplanga kwaye ngaphandle kweqonga eliPhakathi lokuzonwabisa, kodwa kunye namanyathelo aliqela abizwa ngokuba yinyawo. La makhenjiweyo ngokwenqanaba lenyathelo ngokungathi uqhutywa wedwa phantsi kwelinye. Isampulu yendawo emxinwa (isikhokelo sangaphakathi sokujikeleza) ububanzi beli nqanaba akufuneki bube ngaphantsi kwe-80mm, kodwa bhetele i-120mm.
Indiza ethe tyaba yenqanaba ibizwa iqikelelwe, kwaye umgama phakathi kweendlela ezimbini ezikufuphi-ukuphakama, okulingana kuphakama kwinqanaba. Ngokweemigangatho, inani lamanyathelo kwi-strirsed kufuneka ubuncinci ibe li-3 kwaye ingabi ngaphezu kwe-18. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni kukho i-thsches kunye neenombolo ezinkulu. Kwi-cottages, ethathela ingqalelo isidingo sokugcina indawo, esi sisicombululo esipheleleyo.
Ububanzi besitekisi sezitebhisi, simiselwe ngumgama phakathi koololiwe okanye phakathi kodonga kunye nololiwe, kufuneka ubuncinci babe ngama-900mm, kungenjalo abantu abaza kudibana nabo baya kuba nzima ukuthoba. Ukuziqhelanisa kubonakalisile ukuba kulwakhiwo lwabucala, lo mgangatho awusoloko uhlonitshwa (ngenxa yendawo encinci yendawo). Nangona kunjalo, akucetyiswa ukwenza ububanzi obungaphantsi kwe-700mm.
Ububanzi bezitepsi akufuneki bube bububanzi be-Matshi, kunye neqonga eliyintloko (i-ony), ukongeza, kufuneka libe seluhlukile ngokwaneleyo kwindawo efanelekileyo yezakhiwo ezikhoyo kunye ne-ofcalators (ukuba ikhona). Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni i-strirses iseyithambeka, oko kukuthi, ubudlelwane bokukrola kumthamo okanye umlinganiselo wobubanzi be-shieting kwi meko ithe tye. Xa ukuphakamisa, umntu kufuneka achithe ixesha elincinci amandla angaphezulu xa eqhuba ngokuthe tyaba; Inyathelo eliphakathi yi-570 ukuya kwi-640mm. Ke ngoko, ukugcina isigqi sokuhambahamba kwizitepsi, ithambeka layo kufuneka libe malunga ne-1: 2 okanye malunga ne-27. I-WOTO I-27. I-WOTO I-270mm (ubungakanani obakhayo) nge-148mm ububanzi obuyi-300mm. Ukuphakama kabini kokuphakama yi-150 2 = 300 mm kunye nobubanzi bento enamathelayo - i-300mm kwixabiso eliphakathi komntu ongumndilili we-600 mm.
Xa ukhetha kwaye uyila izinyuko, indima yabo ebalulekileyo ekucwangcisweni kwendlela yokucwangcisa kunye nokuqulunqwa kwendalo njengoko iyonke kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.
Kwinkqubo yokwakha izakhiwo zokuhlala, amaqhezu okuqhelekileyo aqinisekisiweyo kwikhonkrithi ye-Choriorte ene-bias ye-Matshi 1: 2 yayixhaphakile kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwazo, izinyuko ezingaphezulu zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwii-cottages (i-Sunlon 1: 1.75; 1: 1.5 kwaye ipholile kakhulu), nto leyo epholileyo. Ukuphakama komgangatho wezinyuko ezinjalo kunokuba yi-180-19mm kwaye ngaphezulu, kwaye ububanzi buhlala - abangama-250mm kwaye ngaphantsi. Izitepsi ezikhokelela kwigumbi elingaphantsi okanye i-attic linokuba ne-1: 1 ithambeka, oko kukuthi, 45.
Ukulungiselela ukuhambahamba ngeenyawo, indawo yokulahla akufuneki ibe ngaphantsi konyawo lomntu. Ukunyuka kobubanzi benqanaba nge-30-50mm kungenziwa ngenxa yokuthatha i-rople okanye i-roller inamathela kwi-Opponse.
Izinyuko zinamanqanaba amatye (ikakhulu kwizakhiwo zakudala, kunye nokuphuma, ukungena), ukuqiniswa kwekhonkrithi, kunye nentsimbi. Ibandakanya i-fightila-facim-facal, kunye nezitepsi ezinamagqabantshintshi obunzima okanye ubude bokuba i-Rosches ibekwe kwintsimbi (ukuhamba okanye i-tennels), i-tennets, ikhonkrithi (inomgangatho ophezulu kune-1.05 m Ikhonkrithi eqinileyo) okanye kwilitye eliqinileyo lelitye. Nokuba yeyiphi na le nto, umthwalo olawulayo kwizinyuko zezakhiwo zokuhlala kufuneka zibe ngama-300 kg / m2.
Kwisenzo solwakhiwo lwale mihla, uyilo lwezinyuko luqhutywa ikakhulu kwizinto zekhonkrithi eziqhelekileyo eziqinisekisiweyo, zibalwe ukuphakama komgangatho wesi-2, 70; 2.80; 3.00; I-3.30m kunye nangaphezulu. Eyona nto ifanelekileyo kwaye ilula kulawulo kunye nokufakelwa kwesitayile esinemidlalo emibini, equka i-therches ezimbini ezizayo kunye neendawo ezimbini zohlobo olunye. Yenziwe ngekhonkrithi ye-Brand-rabrete ngokuqinisa izakhelo zedleleni kunye necingo. I-Matshi iqulethe amachiza amabini kunye namanqanaba abebekwe kubo, ebunjiweyo kumzi-mveliso wokuqiniswa kweemveliso zekhonkrithi. Ukuze kube lula ukubeka imigqomo kunye nezixhobo, uloliwe phakathi kwabo ushiye i-100mm. Izitepsi zenziwe ngendlela yeplate eboshwe ecaleni kwendawo esezantsi kunye nemiphetho eqinileyo, esekwe kwizitepsi ezibini ngo-Matshi (ukufikelela ezantsi). UMachi kunye neqonga lukwaqhotyoshelwe kwiinxalenye ze-weld. Izitepsi ezivela kumacala ophelileyo zihlala zinemithi ye-console ekhethekileyo - "iindlebe", ezisekwe kwiiheds kwiindonga zezitena zesitena. Kwimeko yetyala lemiphetho yendawo yendawo ilele kwitafile "yentsimbi ebekelwe ezindongeni.
I-Stairser Schesches kunye neziza zivela kwizityalo zendawo yokwakha kunye namanyathelo awoneleleyo. Ukuze ube nobubanzi obuluncedo kwizitepsi eziza kuncitshiswa, iipleyiti zentsimbi zokubiyela i-welding zibeka ecaleni. Ngobubanzi be-steirses carches (i-1200mm okanye ngaphezulu), iiracks zensimbi zinokuqiniswa kwiziseko nakwiisayithi. Ke izidleke zitywinwe ngodaka lwesime. Kukho ukwakhiwa kwezitepsi ezinamacala amangaphezulu, umzekelo, mosaic okanye iithayile ze-ceramic, eza. Ezi zinto zibekwe kwisisombululo emva kokufaka amanyathelo.
Imilinganiselo yangaphambili ihanjiswe indawo yokwakha ngamanyathelo ahlukeneyo kunye namaqonga kwaye ibekwe ngexesha lolwakhiwo lweendonga, ngexesha lomsebenzi wokwakha kufuneka lugcinwe kwiPhepha okanye kwikhava yeeBhodi. Ukukhutshwa kuhlala kubonelelwa nge-Matshi. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi eqinileyo kwizinyuko ezinkulu zekhonkrithi ngamanqanaba olwahlulo oluvumelekileyo kwi-15% ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwekhonkrithi xa kuthelekiswa necandelo eliqhubekayo.
Kwizindlu zohlobo lwe-cottage, ileli ayisoloko ifanele ukungena kwizitepsi. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, onke amagumbi ahlala kufutshane nendawo yokuhlala, ke, abantu beNdlu incinci, ke, ukuba basebenzise izitebhisi ezivela kwizinto eziqingqiweyo zezinto eziqinileyo ezifuna ukusetyenziswa kweekhreyithi ezinokuphakamisa ngaphezulu kwe-1.5t , ayihlali ilungile.
Ingqondo engakumbi kunye nobuhle, izinyuko ezivulekileyo zezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye neefom zinokuba sengqiqweni ngakumbi kwaye zinobuhle. Amatyala amanzi, anokuba neendlela ezahlukeneyo, kwezinye iimeko, abanzi, kunye namanyathelo, imiqadi kunye nezitovu zezitepsi. Uyilo lwekhonkrithi lwekhonkrithi kunye neendlela ezincinci zokhuni zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi ukwakhiwa okuphakathi komhlaba, ngelixa iimpompo ngomthamo we-500kg ziyasetyenziswa. Kuyinyani, ukwakhiwa kwezi zitepsi kufuna iindleko ezibalulekileyo zomsebenzi kwaye zibiza kakhulu kune-40%.
Kwindawo encinci eqiniswayo eqiniswe kwikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi, amanyathelo ebekwe nge-rosters ezimbini, okanye enye nganye, ibekwe kwi-axicudinal axis ye-Matshi. Ngaphakathi kuMatshi, u-Matshi ubekwe kwindawo yenqanaba, ebizwa ngokuba yi-AFS. Ngobunjani bokugqiba, ubude kunye nokuphakama, abafani namanyathelo aphambili. Ububanzi bamanyathelo ashiyekileyo bungaphantsi kwesona sisiseko, njengoko zisekwe kwi-boosters, ngokwenxalenye yeqonga leqonga. Ukomeleza i-Boostete yekhonkrithi kunye ne-beams zinecandelo le-chacander. Ukuze inkxaso ye-cosomes kwi-beamm yendawo yanelisekile zizidleke.
Kwisitena kunye nebali elinamaplanga amabini (ngamanye amaxesha amabali amalunga amathathu) ahlala esebenzisa izinyuko ezivulekileyo zokhuni, ezilungele indawo engaphakathi yeNdlu, ezenza indima yokunxibelelana kuphela, kodwa nezinto zobugcisa kunye nenqanaba lobugcisa kunye nentsingiselo. Ukudalwa kunye nobuhle bezinyuko kunokunika inqanaba eliphantsi lokuqala, ukuntywila kancinane ku-Matshi opheleleyo woMatshi (umzekelo, i-oval ngokwemigaqo). Ihlala iseka i-rack ejijekileyo i-rack i-rack i-rack, inomtsalane ngakumbi kunezo zifakwe kwamanye amanyathelo.
Izinyuko zomthi zikhethwa ukuba zenze ukusuka kwi-oki, iarch okanye i-pine. Iinkuni zitya ezithambileyo kwaye zilula kakhulu, ke zinokusetyenziselwa kuphela iKosomrov. Izitepsi zeplanga zihlala zingafuni isiseko esikhulu. Ezantsi, zonke izitepsi zisekwe ngokuqinileyo kwi-beams eqinisayo okanye ii-slabs zokugqobhoza kwaye zilungiselele imizobo ye-phailing. Kwiibhodi eziphantsi, izinyuko azinakuqhotyoshelwa. I-kosomers kunye ne-teets zenza i-50-70mm ubukhulu beebhodi, hayi ngaphantsi kobubanzi be-200mmm. Izitebhisi zeKosooge zilula kwisixhobo kwaye, mhlawumbi, zintle ngakumbi. Ukulala kwipleyiti eqinileyo okanye ezimbini ezinqabileyo ezinobunzima be-30-50mm, zibekwe kwindawo yonxantathu (i-Wootn, intsimbi), iqhotyoshelwe kwiiKosomers, okanye ifakwe kwi-Kosomes eqhotyoshelweyo kwiziko. Iziphelo zamanqanaba zihlala zivulekile kwaye zifuna ukugqiba kakhulu. Umngcipheko unokuba yi-18-25mm. Iibhodi zingcono ukudibanisa isikrini kunye neglue, kuba uqhagamshelo lwezipile ibuthathaka kunye nexesha.
Kwizixhobo, ngaphakathi, kukho i-rooves ye-rooves yobunzulu be-20-25mm ngohlobo lwamanyathelo apho kufakwe khona kwaye ifakiwe khona umngcipheko. Ukulungiselela ukuvelisa kunye neNdibano, ii-grooves kufuneka zinqunywe ngendlela ekhethekileyo ukuya ezantsi okanye ngaphezulu kobuso be-tes. Ungakrola amanyathelo okukhula kunye noncedo lwee-slats, kwiikona.
Amandla amakhulu, i-TAPER ngamanye amaxesha inyibilikisiwe ngentambo okanye i-rod ene-neameter ye-12mm. Ucingo lwezitepsi (iindlela zololiwe) zenziwa kwizinto zeplanga, zisetiwe kwinqanaba ngalinye ukusuka kumacala amabini (ukuba akukho dongayo) i-Bieds: Eyee-Wish, ehambelana ne-slots okanye enye yezandla. Kuxhomekeka kuYilo lwangaphakathi, ucingo lweSitayile lusenokuba lubala, umzekelo, kwi-Plexiglass, okanye kwi-vexiglass, okanye i-teace-facted okanye i-thales. Ngamanye amaxesha yenziwa kumakhonkco e-lattle yensimbi okanye i-lappen lattle, ilungiselelwe zii-racks ezantsi nangaphezulu.
I-Machi kunye neqonga elivela ngezantsi linokuvulwa, linxulunyaniswe ziibhodi okanye eziphantsi.
Ingaba kungcono phi ukubeka isitebhisi sangaphakathi se-cottage?
Kulula ukubeka izitepsi eziphambili embindini weNdlu. Kule meko, igumbi lijikeleze umda weendonga ezingaphandle, kwaye izibane ezaneleyo zemvelo ziyafumaneka, kwaye i-offices kunye nokuphakamisa kwizitepsi kunye noncamathisele. Ihlala ngokutsho kwendawo yoyilo kunye nokuziqwalasela, izitepsi zibekwe eludongeni lwangaphandle, isiphelo sayo, okanye kwi-Erker eyahlukileyo, kodwa kule meko ilahlekile: Izitepsi ziya kuthatha indawo enokuthi isetyenziselwe igumbi ngefestile.
Izitebhisi ezivulekileyo zijongeka ngokukuko kwigumbi lokuhlala okanye kwigumbi eliqhelekileyo, igumbi lokuhlala, indawo ehlala kuyo, ngakumbi ukuba igumbi libanzi lubonelelwe kwisilingi, elinobulumko. Izitebhisi ezinjalo kunye ne-overs zinokuba zendlela yeleta ebanzi "p" okanye "g". Izitebhisi ezikwanti, oko kukuthi, zibekwe kwizitepsi ezingezona ze-gocaliard, zenze lula izisombululo zoyilo lwezinto ezigqithileyo.
Ukubeka izinyuko kwi-veranda kunokucetyiswa ukuba amagumbi abandayo ayasebenza ikakhulu phezulu.
Kwizindlu zohlobo lwe-attic odidi lokungaphezulu kwezitepsi, unokudibanisa uphahla lweNdlu. Isinyithi okanye isitepsi sekhekhe, esikhokelela kumgangatho wesibini kwisithathu okanye i-attic, idla ngokuba yeyokhethekileyo ukusuka ephambili, kodwa kungakude nayo kwaye ixhomekeke kwimiqadi yokugquma.
I-Cottages ihlala isetyenziswa ngendlela eqhelekileyo kumazwe aseYurophu kwaye icetyiswa yi-firms ezininzi, kunye nezitepsi ze-fan. Bakwigumbi elincinci lendawo, banokubekwa eludongeni okanye embindini wegumbi, abangabizi kwaye bahle, kodwa xa kufakwa ufaka i-masters. Umdibanisi wenkxaso ephakathi ye-screw staircase isebenza kumbhobho wesinyithi, apho ujikeleze amathuba e-Welging ye-Welged okanye eqinile kunye nobude obunama-700mm nangaphezulu. Kukho intsimbi engenanto eneflethi ephezulu ye-rating, iplanga okanye iplastiki. Umngcipheko usenokungabikho, kwaye inyathelo lenyathelo linamathele kwirakhi yoololiwe okanye udonga olufana.
Amanyathelo e-staircase (ikhonkrithi okanye ikhonkrithi) abekhona ngeenxa zonke intsika ye-Brick, ixhonywe kuyo ngesiphelo esincinci, kunye nodonga olubanzi lwe-Fighter-of-endaweni ye-Fighter. Amatyala amahle okuhla kwigumbi elingaphantsi okanye ukuphakamisa kwindawo encinci ye-attick, kunokwenzeka ukuba asebenzise iplagi ye-plug-in plug-in, i-scaplon 60 okanye ngaphezulu) izinyuko zohlobo okanye zinqunyanyisiwe. Uhlobo oluphuculweyo lwezitepsi ezifanayo luhlobo "lohlobo lwe-dada (i-goaose) uhlobo, inamathelayo apho angenakwenziwa) angena kwelinye icala kwinqanaba ngalinye. Ubume obuncitshisiweyo, kuluhlu olubanzi lwe-300 mm ububanzi, eyunivesithi-i-120-150mm, yenzelwe ukuxhasa imilenze kuphela kwisiqingatha senqanaba. Amanyathelo, endaweni yoko, kuphela anamathelayo, aphumle kwi-testers okanye i-booster yentsimbi okanye yentsimbi.
Ngoluhlu lwamanqaku "indlu kunye neyelenqe", waziqhelanisa neziseko zokucwangciswa kunye nezisombululo ezibalulekileyo zendlu, ifumene ingcebiso yengcali ekhethiweyo kunye nezinto zayo. Ukuba kukho nantoni na engacacanga, inzima, zama kwakhona ukujonga amanqaku okuqala okupasa. Mhlawumbi kuya kukubonelela ngoncedo olusebenzayo, luya kwandisa ukuthembeka kunye nomgangatho wekhaya lakho.