I-Inshol yokufundela: Izibonelelo kunye nokungalunganga kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, intsimi yesicelo, inqanaba lokuphumelela kwi-thermac.
Kutshanje, amaxwebhu amatsha emigaqo ekulondolozelweni kobushushu kwaye ngexesha lokutshintsha kwezindlu kunye neenkonzo zoluntu zandiswa ngumgaqo wentlawulo engenasiphelo yamandla enzonzobila. Kungenxa yoko le nto kufunyenwe i-interfay yezakhiwo zokuhlala iba yinye yeengxaki zokwakha.
Izinto zokuthambisa i-irmal zahlulahlulwe zaba ngamaqela amakhulu:
Iglasi kunye ne-fiberglass;
Uboya bezimbiwa;
I-polymers egcwele igesi
Ukufuduswa kwe-irmal kwizixhobo zendalo kunye neemveliso zendlela yokusebenza yazo (i-jam yendlela, iibhloko zeperithi, iphepha, njl.njl.);
Iiphaneli zokuthantamisa kunye nezakhiwo;
Ikhonkrithi eguqulweyo: Ikhonkrithi yeSelulari (ikhonkrithi), iPolystyrene Bautson;
Ukususwa kobushushu ngokusekwe kwirabha yentshukumo;
Ukufakelwa kobushushu kwi-Silicon ivele inkunkuma.
Malunga ne-240mln ichithwa kwi-sheat kwilizwe lethu. Itoni yepetroli enemiqathango. Le yi-20% yendlela epheleleyo yelizwe
Okokuqala, inani lezinto ezifanelekileyo Izixhobo zeglasi kunye nezimbiwa zoboya Isabelo sayo kwimveliso yokufakelwa kobushushu kule minyaka ingama-40-60%. Izibonelelo zabo ziyinto yokuphiliswa kwenyama, ukuxhathisa imichiza, ubukhulu bokuzinza, ukufunxa komswakama okuphezulu kunye neepropathi ezifanelekileyo zesandi. Kudala yaziwa iglasi yeglasi yemveliso yasekhaya, ethi, yona, ngaphandle kwayo yonke intsilelo yayo, iyayibamba, isetyenziswa kwinxalenye yomsebenzi wangaphandle okanye ukufunyanwa kwendawo yokuhlala engahlali. Cebisa amanzi eglasi ukuba i-dissal yendawo yokuhlala ayinakwenzeka, kodwa ukuba sele yenziwe, kufanele ukuba ibe yinxalenye kakhulu kwigumbi uqobo.
Ubungakanani beempahla eziphambili ze-inshorm
| Uhlobo lwezinto ezifakelweyo | Iindonga | Uphahla | Umgangatho | Phaphariling | Isiseko, i-Cocoln. umgangatho | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-quiades | Ngaphandle | Ngaphakathi | I-Masonry (i-Medium Studer) | Iipaneli ze-Winder ezintathu | |||||
| I-fiberglass kunye ne-fiberglass irssa, ispoover | +. | +. | +. | +. | - | +. | +. | +. | - |
| I-Myralovate | +. | +. | +. | +. | - | +. | +. | +. | - |
| I-Prestimal yandise i-Polystrene psb | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | - | |
| Ukuphuma kwePolystyrene | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. |
| I-Fiil Polythylene Fom | +. | +. | +. | - | - | +. | +. | +. | +. |
| I-corkboard corkboard | +. | +. | +. | - | - | - | +. | - | - |
| IPhepha le-Eyouth Makron. | +. | +. | +. | - | +. | +. | +. | - | |
| Iibhloko ze-Peat-free "geocar" | +. | +. | +. | +. | - | - | +. | +. | - |
| Ikhonkrithi ye-cheat foam | +. | +. | +. | - | - | - | +. | +. | - |
| I-Polystrevbbeton Niizb | +. | +. | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Ngokusekwe kwirabha ye-synthetic (*) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ukusuka kwinkunkuma ye-silicon kwinkunkuma | +. | +. | +. | - | - | +. | +. | +. | +. |
* - I-Syntictuction ye-Syrber isulungekile (ArmasLexth and AC) isebenza kuphela kwimibhobho
Ngoku i-insulting ephezulu kakhulu imelwe ngokubanzi kwimarike yaseRussia. Izixhobo ezivela kwi-fiberglass Abavelisi abaliqela nabasekhaya. Ezi zixhobo zibiza kakhulu, kodwa zilula kakhulu kwaye zilungele ngakumbi, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kukhuselekile ukusebenza. Phambili kumgca ofuna ukukhankanya abavelisi ababini abakhulu kwezixhobo zokufaka i-irmal. I-I-Isostroy (iFinland) yinkxaso yesona sikhulu kwaye sindala seglasi esehlabathini kwihlabathi lixabisa i-Saintoin (iFrance). Isoveroy uvelisa iglasi gembula C1941g. kwaye ngowona mvelisi mkhulu wokwakha ubushushu-eFinland (urhwebo ngoMatshi Idlule ) kunye ne-acoustic ( I-Akasto. ) Izixhobo. Imveliso yonyaka yeengcambu zeglasi idlula iitoni ezingama-40000. Le nkampani yenye yezona ndawo zikhulu zezinto ezinokufudukela eRussia.
Ukwenza i-fiberglass kwenzeka phantse i-1500s. Iglasi ye-molten icinezelwe kwiipleyiti ezinemingxunya enemicrometer yee-microns ezi-4-5. Iglasi yeglasi ebangela ukuba ibe nobungqingqwa ka-6micron, ethi i-B20 ingaphantsi kobunzima beenwele zomntu. Emva koko, ukubacoca phakathi kwabo, iibhasikisi ezizodwa zitshizwa kwi-aerosol. Kwiglasi yeGlasi yeGlasi, iimveliso zobungqingqwa obufunayo kunye noxinano oluza kuphatha lobushushu lubunjiwe. Kumaqondo obushushu e-250 ° C, i-polymerization ye-binders yenzeka, kwaye izinto ezibonakalayo zifumana ubungqola obufanelekileyo. Kwangelo xesha, izinto ezahlukeneyo ezijongene nazo zinokusetyenziswa kumphezulu wezinto ezibonakalayo: Iphepha leKraft, i-Aluminium Foil, i-fillass, izixhobo ze-nonboves, njl.
Izinto ze-fiberglas ze-fiberglas ze-fiberglas ze-firberg eziveliswayo ziveliswa ngohlobo lweeroli (i-101.6 m kunye ne-50mm) phantsi kwegama lophawu "I-termavoyozol" (Chant. = 0.036 w / (mk).
Kutshanje, olona khuphiswano lukhulu ngulo "litye", kwaye ngokuthe ngqo njengezixhobo zeglasi. Baslit, Wats Rotwools. (I-Denmark) kunye ne-paroc ye-Taroc (Finland). Esi sisixhobo esingesosimo esibuhlungu esisingqongileyo esineendawo esinobuhlobo esinemigangatho yokuguqulela amanzi, kodwa kwangaxeshanye vapor-imfezeko. Kwipropathi yayo yobushushu, izixhobo ze-basitt ziphezulu kwiinkampu zeglasi, zibiza kakhulu. Ezi zixhobo zibhekisa kwiqela labantu abangalinganiyo. Imveliso yokufakelwa kwe-irmal eyenziwe ngee-polymers okanye iphepha emlilweni litshisiwe imizuzu emi-5. Izitshisi ezenziwe ngeglasi yeglasi kwiqondo lobushushu le-650c, elifezekiswa malunga nemizuzu engama-7 ngomlilo ongaphakathi oqhelekileyo, onyibilikisiwe kwaye onziwe kwibhola yeglasi. Ngoku, uboya bezimbiwa esisisiseko asinyibiliki kwaye asiphulukani nemo yeqondo le-1000c.
Izinto zeglasi kunye nezixhobo ze-busalt zikhuselekile kwimveliso kwaye zisebenzise phantsi kwetekhnoloji yomsebenzi
Inkxalabo ye-Rocwool yinkokeli yehlabathi kwimveliso yokwakha kunye nezodwa ngokusekwe kwi "Litye".
Enye yezona ntlobo zisebenzayo zokufakelwa kobushushu- polymers egcwele igesi. Ezona ziqhelekileyo kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuzo I-Polyfoam (i-polystrene foam) . Ukuncitshiswa kobushushu obuncitshisiweyo kunye nokuvutha kwe-foams ayisosithintelo xa uzisebenzisa kwikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi kunye nekhonkrithi okanye isitena.
I-polystyrene foam yenziwa ngendlela ephambi kwexesha (ngokwesiko eRussia), okanye indlela yokuphuma ekhule ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo (iJamani).
Ukusebenza kwengqondo ye-thermal, olona phawu luphambili lwezinto zokufakelwa kwe-intermal yezixhobo, kakhulu kuxhomekeka kumxholo wokufuma kuyo, ipesenti nganye enciphisa i-4%. Ukongeza, ebusika, ekhoyo kwi-molystyrene yeepleyiti, ukukhululeka kwaye uguqukele emkhenkceni, ngokuthe ngcembe wahlula umbandela kwi-rubystrene engaqhelekanga.
Iiparamitha zobugcisa zezixhobo ezinobushushu
| Uhlobo lokufakelwa | I-Coandes yokuqhutywa kweMpumelelo, W / (MK) |
|---|---|
| I-Probae Panel Polyalpan. | 0.02. |
| Umoya | 0,022 |
| Polyreurene Foolder | 0,025 |
| I-STyrindol (yandise i-polystyrene) | 0,027 |
| I-SEAR-E (Henofolgic) | 0,027 |
| I-Raroc (i-Basikalt Wool) | I-0.035 |
| I-Rocwool (i-Basalt Wool) | I-0.035 |
| I-Polyenenenenene Ppe-R 3010 | I-0.035 |
| Ukuthambisa i-rolls i-linoterm | I-0.036 |
| Ispoover (iflegi) | 0.038. |
| UNobasil (Wool Wool) | 0.039 |
| "I-Penosole" (i-foam) | I-0.04. |
| I-corkboard corkboard | 0.042. |
| I-Irssa (umkhukula) | I-0.044. |
| I-Endata (iphepha) Makron | 0,046. |
| I-Dekwall (i-Cork ikhuphe) | 0.047. |
| I-ceramics | I-0.07 |
| Iibhloko ze-Peat-free "geocar" | I-0.07 |
| I-bimouminous asphalt | I-0.1. |
| Ukufudumeza ukuthambisa ikhonkrithi yeselula | I-0.12. |
| Iinkuni eziqinileyo | I-0.25 ..55. |
| Isanti eyomileyo | 0,3. |
| I-Neasavouclave Foum ikhonkrithi | I-0.45 |
| I-fibrocement | 0.55 |
| Isitena esihlekisayo | 0,7 |
Ezi ntsika ziqikelelwa Ukuphuma kwePolystyrene . Ukuba ne-arting yamanzi ephantsi kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-0.3%) ngenxa yesakhiwo esivaliweyo seeseli kunye namandla aphezulu, iiphaneli zePolystyreo I-Polystyrene isetyenziselwa ukufuduswa kobushushu, iziseko, Iindonga ezingaqhelekanga, apho ukusetyenziswa kolunye udumo oluninzi akunakwenzeka ukuba i-capillary iphakamise amanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Kwimarike yaseRussia, i-pullystrene yayimelwe yinkxalabo ye-Basf (iJamani) phantsi kwe-stirodur ye-brand (i-komlp. = 0.023 w / (mk).
Kodwa i-polymer ye-polymer ye-thermal ilinganiselwe kwi-fiber ye-polystyrene. Kudala saziwa ngokweempawu, ezikuvumela ukuba kwangaxeshanye usombulule iingxaki ze-thermo-, isandi kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi. yona I-Polythylene ekhutshwe i-Polythylene Foum (PPE) . Iveliswa eRussia iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 (tu 6-55 )-89E) kunye nenkqubo-sikhokelo yabakhi phantsi kweempawu ze-PPE-P kunye ne-PPT-RL kunye "ne-ropt-rl kunye" ne-ppy kunye " Uluhlu olubanzi lukuvumela ukuba ukhethe ngqo into efunekayo. I-PPE ivelisa ubungqindi beempawu ezahlukeneyo: ukusuka kwi-Trieds emgangathweni (ukusuka kwi-15 ukuya kwi-15 mm) kwaye ibonelelwe kwi-Rolls ngobubanzi obususela kwi-9,5 m ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200m. Esi sixhobo sikhuselekile ngokupheleleyo kwaye, kubaluleke kakhulu, iiracks zebhayiloji. Kuba i-PPE inesakhiwo esivaliweyo, ayikho i-arsure yokufuma kwaye uyisebenzisa, i-viar eyongezelelweyo ye-Vapor ayimfuneko. Kwimarike yaseRussia ngoku kukho iimveliso ezifanayo zefemu zangaphandle, nangona kunjalo, kuyabiza kakhulu.
Isidima esibalulekileyo kukulula kokufakwa kwezinto ezinjalo ze-thermal: Inamathele ezindongeni usebenzisa i-stopler yokwakha. Njengempazamo, kufanelekile ukufumanisa ukuba le mvalonqa ingumphunga ngokupheleleyo kunye nokufunda ngegesi, i.e. Igumbi liyayeka "ukuphefumla" kwaye, ukuba ayikokungaveli, unokudibana nefuthe le-thermos okanye eluhlaza.
Izinto zokuthambisa ubushushu kunye nokusebenza kwe-thermal ukusebenza kwe-0.06 W / (MK) ihlawule kwiminyaka emi-5-7 yokusebenza ngenxa yokonga amandla.
Elinye iqela elinomdla kakhulu I-insazali ye-thermal eyenziwe ngezinto zendalo kunye neemveliso zokulungisa kwabo . Ukonyusa kwezinto zokufakwa okwenziwe kwinxalenye yendawo ene-sawdust, i-Peerite kunye nezinye iifilimu. Ifakwe izinto ezifakwe izinto ukunciphisa ukufunyanwa komswakama, i-antipirens ukunika umxholo wezinto ezingenakutsha kunye ne-antipeiptics, ezo zixhobo zinobushushu obufudumeleyo (ezinjalo. Izixhobo zikhutshwa njengamanzi e-eco okanye ngohlobo lweephaneli.
Izinto zokuqala zokuthantamisa zenziwe kwiSixeko saseKhezhetsky Tree. Iibhloko ze-Peat-free "geocar" . Ibekwe kudonga lwangaphandle, iibhloko (0.510,250,88m) ziyakwazi ukuvumela umthwalo weetoni ezingama-8 ukuya kwe-12, kunye nepropathi ye-irmal ye-US .5m ihambelana nesitephu Ngobukhulu be-2.2 m (Graft. = 0.078 w / (mk). Kwaye isidima esingenamiqathango sale nto kukucoceka kwendalo.
Ubushushu obutsha obutsha bunayo Iipleyiti kunye neepleyiti zivela kwi-cork ecinezelweyo . Umxholo wenziwe kwi-corten ye-cortex ye-mediteranean cork oak. Iimveliso ezenziwe ngetyhubhu ekhutshiweyo zinembonakalo yomtsalane, zinobuhlobo kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukufunyanwa kwendawo yokuhlala, ikakhulu iindonga zendawo yokuhlala, ngelixa besenza umsebenzi wokuhombisa. I-cork ihlala isetyenziselwa ukufunyanwa kwamanqanaba. I-Corkboard I-Shortmer Subles Subles inokusetyenziselwa ukufunyanwa kwamacandelo kunye neendonga ezingaphandle.
Kufuneka ikhankanya u-O. Iinkqubo zokwakha ezikhethekileyo zokwakha , njenge "Indlu efudumeleyo", "iFassite", i-Pissitel Wall, malunga nobushushu be-farwich panes (i-polyalpan, i-isfolm, i-IODE 2,000 "kunye" ne "thermomour" ).
Ke, ukuba uqalise ukufudumala kwekhaya lakho, unethuba elihle lokukhetha kwaye usebenzise izixhobo zokufakwa kobushushu ezilungele iindlela zokusombulula iingxaki.
Iiparamitha zobugcisa zeglasi ethile kunye nokufakwa kwezimbiwa
| Umvelisi oqinileyo | Isixhobo | Uphawu / ukujonga | I-Coandes yokuqhutywa kweMpumelelo, W / (MK) | Ixabiso, $ / m2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Ismover (Finland) | Amanzi eglasi | Kt-11 / roll | I-0.041-0.036 | Ukusuka kwi-2. |
| Ct / roll | I-0.041-0.036 | |||
| Kl / isitovu | I-0.041-0.033 | |||
| Kl-a / ipleyiti | I-0.041-0.033 | |||
| I-Irssa (iRussia-Germany) | Amanzi eglasi | M-11; M-15; | Ukusuka kwi-3. | |
| M-17 / roll | I-0.046-0.044 | |||
| P-15; P-17 / iplate | I-0.046-0.044 | |||
| I-Paroc (iFinland) | Isiseko sab. | Il / isitovu | 0,0365 | Ukusuka kwi-6. |
| I-a-il / iplate | 0,0335 | |||
| Im / roll | 0,0365 | |||
| I-Rocwool (iDenmark) | Isiseko sab. | I-Blexix Buttle / iplate | I-0.035 | Ukusuka kwi-5. |
| Iibatts-42, 40, -48 / iplate | I-0.035-0.033 | |||
| -80; -100; -160 / Stove | I-0.035-0.033 | |||
| I-RollBits / Roll | I-0.036 |