Izitepsi zangaphakathi: imigaqo yoYilo, izinto zesakhiwo kunye nokuba ixabisa kangakanani umthengi.
Ukubonisa umsebenzi wobugcisa, izitepsi zebhedi zabuyela kwidolophu yedolophu kunye nendlu yelizwe labucala. Yeyiphi imigaqo yoyilo, unokumangaliswa njani kwaye kuya kubiza malini umthengi?
IMarches, izangqa kunye nezikrelem
Kule mihla, ifowuni yezitebhisi zangaphakathi inomdla kubaninzi: umbhekisi phambili ofuna "umgwebo wakhe une" kwincoko yabakhi kunye nabakhi; Umthengi wamagumbi amahlanu anenqabileyo "ukuthuthuzela okuphezulu"; umnini wendlu endala kumgangatho wokugqibela, wasombulula ukwakhiwa kwe-attic; Umnini wamagumbi amabini akwindawo enye ngaphezulu kwenye, iphupha lokudibanisa ukuba libe yindawo yokuhlala eqhelekileyo; Nangendlela, nabanye abanomdla.Ukusuka kwinani elikhulu leentlobo kunye neentlobo, okokuqala, cinga ngezinyuko zangaphakathi kunye nezincedisayo kunye ne-tixiers enesizathu sokuba zezona "zibalekayo" kwaye zihlala zithathwa njengamakhadi ezindwendwela ekhaya okanye amagumbi.
Izitepsi eziphakathi kwendlu ziyahamba, isangqa kunye nesikali. Uyilo lweemilo zoxande zenziwe angenayo, zimbini, ngaphantsi zihlala-ezintathu. I-Matshi ingathi right, yaphukile, i-curvililinear. Ekuqaleni, isiphelo, kunye neendawo zokujikeleza, izitepsi zilungiselelwe ukuze zinezinto zokuzonwabisa kunye nentando-zihlala zisikwere, ubume be-semicior okanye ubume be-semiciory okanye ubume be-semicior okanye ubume be-semicior okanye ubume be-semicior okanye ubume be-semicior okanye ubume be-semicior okanye ubume be-semicior okanye ubume be-semicior okanye ubume be-semicior okanye ubume be-semicior okanye ubume be-semicior okanye ubume be-semicior okanye ubume be-semicior okanye ubume be-semicior okanye ubume be-semicior okanye ubume be-semicior okanye ubume be-semicior okanye ubume be-semicirula okanye ubume be-semicior. Ukuba izitepsi ezivela kwisiza zahlulwe zaba babini ngoMatshi, bathi inamasebe amabini. Ibizelwe, ukuba ukukhanya kudlula ixesha eliphakathi kwe-sheds yonke ngaphezulu kobude, kwaye ivulekile, ukuba icala langaphandle (i-tyhente) alivumi udonga.
ISetyhula kunye neziKhangeli seSetyhula zenza imisebenzi encedisayo endlwini ihlala ikwimisebenzi efanayo yobugcisa njengeyona nto iphambili (ngaphambili). Ukubethwa kwabo kungaphelanga i-30-75. Iqonga lokuzihlaziya alibonelelwa apha. Ukuhamba kwamanyathelo, uncamatileyo kabani onamanzi obahlukeneyo, kunokuba yingxaki kubantu abadala, abantwana abancinci, bakhubazekile.
Isetyhula yahlukile kwiscrew: Esokuqala inomgodi ojikelezileyo embindini, osondezekwe kwikholamu yenkxaso (inkxaso ephakathi).
Kwizitepsi zenjongo ekhethekileyo-abacimi-mlilo, i-caller, i-attic-asiyi kuma namhlanje. Izitepsi ezisemgangathweni aziyisebenzi kuphela kwaye zenziwa zii-odolo zomntu ngamnye, kodwa zithengiwe kwiivenkile ezikhethekileyo (ukuba ubukhulu becala kunye nobungakanani bokuvulwa kwi-Overlap).
Ukusuka e-Balyasina ukuya e-kourow
Ubugcisa bomyili-we-Arkitct kukwe kwaye buquka ukuba kweyona ndlela inkulu kwaye inzima kakhulu nguye edaliwe nguye ubonakala ngathi unomdla, ukukhanya nomoya. Intshukumo kuyo kufuneka ithandeke kwaye ingabonakali ingozi. Inkangeleko yobuhle kunye namandla okuma komhlaba kufezekiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Ngokwendlela yokukhawulezisa amanyathelo, izitepsi zahlukile kubachiza kunye nokukhula, kwii-bolters (ezingathandekiyo, kwikholamu yenkxaso, eMonolikic.
Zombini izithuba kunye nezinyuko ezijikelezayo zinokuhlanganiswa kwintsimbi esembindini okanye kwikhonkrithi, kunye nakwintsimbi yentsimbi hinge. Elokugqibela yenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuba kuthunyelwe ukuhamba phantsi kwekona enqwenelekayo. Uyilo nendlela yokufaka ekhawulezileyo ichazwe kwisiseko sesicwangciso soYilo, injongo ngokubanzi kunye nemeko yokwakha. Ukuba igumbi libanzi kwaye akukho zithintelo kwisakhiwo sayo, ezona zilungele izitepsi ezihamba ngeenyawo okanye iintambo zentsimbi. I-Matshi kwi-Koone Central Oroker okanye uhlobo lwe-hinge luyooo ilungile apho iingxaki zivele zivuke i-oxguaps kunye neendonga (okanye ngokungqinelana neemfuno zoyilo). Kuyenzeka ukuba senze lula uyilo, isuse izikhokelo ezinkulu ngokupheleleyo. Kule meko, ngokukhethekileyo i-Matshi okanye i-screen scrirses kwi-parodes. Kwizakhiwo ezikhulu, uyilo lwe-monoliki lolunye uhlobo olunokuphoswa kwiimeko zemveliso ukusuka kwikhonkrithi yangaphambi kwekhonkrithi kwaye idityaniswe ngenkuni okanye ilitye lokuhombisa kwindawo yokufaka.
Amanyathelo - eyona nqanaba liphambili kwizitepsi. Kuxhomekeka kubume, bathe ngqo, bathe ngqo, baqhuba, bayabaleka kwaye barukerele. Inani labo kwi-Matshi kufuneka libe lithathu kwaye kungabi ngaphezu kwe-18. La manani ziziphumo zophando olude lwe-biomechanics lokuhamba kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabantu kuxhomekeke kwithambeka kunye nenani elipheleleyo lamanyathelo.
Ngeyona nto ilungileyo kuyo yonke i-Caas - 30 - ubukhulu obufanelekileyo bokukhubaza kunye nokunamathela - 17 ne-29 cm, ngokwahlukeneyo. Ukunyuka kobude benqanaba nge-1 mm kufuna ukuncipha kububanzi bayo yi-2 mm. Ububanzi bomtya ohlala buhlala busebenza kwi-3-5 cm ngaphezulu kobubanzi beli nqanaba ngenxa yesibheno ngaphezulu kwetyala lelinye icala.
Ukuphakama kwezitepsi ezijikelezayo nezikamva, njengommiselo, ukusuka kwi-18 ukuya kwi-20 cm, ububanzi bazo, ukusuka kwi-3 cm. Ubunzulu bamanqanaba e-CM Ukusuka kwikholamu yenkxaso kufuneka ubuncinci ibe yi-10 cm. Umphetho womda wamanyathelo antsonkothileyo unyusa ububanzi bawo.
AMAZIKOLO, UKUQHUTYELWA KWEXESHA LOKUXELWA, Bakhokelwa emsebenzini wabo ngemilinganiselo nemigaqo engalingani eRussia naseYurophu. Ngokutsho kwe-European Din 4674, kukho oku kuxhomekeka kokugqibela kobude bemigangatho kunye nobungakanani bamanyathelo (okwangoku, amaRussia amkelwa njengonovakalelo).
Ukuphakama okuqinisekileyo kwezitepsi ekukhanyiseni kufanele kube yi-2 m. Ubuncinci boMatshi wentshukumo kuyo ngumntu - 60 cm, i-110 cm iminyaka emithathu neye-190 cm kwabathathu ne-190 cm kwabathathu ukuya kweye-190 cm kwabathathu. Xa ifowuni yezitepsi zeyure enye, umgama phakathi kweendonga ezichaseneyo ubuncinci ubuncinci i-110 cm.
Ukuphakama kwesandla (kulinganiswa ngokuthe nkqo ukusuka ekuthandeni ukuya phezulu) ubuncinci ngama-90 cm. Iphangi yabantwana yenziwa kwindawo engaphezulu kwe-60 cm.
I-spirsest spirses spirser kunye nobubanzi be-MA-Matshi bekwakhethwa bubukhulu bendawo yokuhlala ene-140 cm. Isetyenziswa kuphela njengomncedisi kuphela. I-Screw Scarses esiyintloko, ububanzi buka-Matshi buyi-80 cm, kwaye ububanzi bexesha ukusuka kwi-200 cm. Kukho uluvo lokuba izitepsi zeSperal zigcina indawo. Oku kuyinyani kuphela ekuphakameni komgangatho we-3 m okanye ngaphezulu, ukusukela kule meko, iqonga eliPhakathi liyafuneka kuloyilo luka-Matshi kunye nokujika kwayo.
| Ukuphakama komgangatho, m | Izitepsi zemihla ngemihla | Iyure enye, iiyure ezimbini kunye ne-curvilinear ngokwezitepsi | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ithambeka eliqhelekileyo | Thamba ithambeka | Ithambeka eliqhelekileyo | Thamba ithambeka | |||||
| Inani lamanyathelo, iiPC. | Amanyathelo okuphakama, yabona | Inani lamanyathelo, iiPC. | Amanyathelo okuphakama, yabona | Inani lamanyathelo, iiPC. | Amanyathelo okuphakama, yabona | Inani lamanyathelo, iiPC. | Amanyathelo okuphakama, yabona | |
| 2.25. | - | - | 12 | 18.75 | 13 | 17.30 | - | - |
| 2.50 | Shumi elinane | I-17,85. | - | - | Shumi elinantlanu | I-16,66. | 13 | I-19,23 |
| I-2,625. | - | - | Shumi elinane | 18,72. | Shumi elinantlanu | 17,47. | - | - |
| 2.75 | Shumi elinesthandathu | 17,2 | Shumi elinane | I-19,64. | - | - | Shumi elinantlanu | 18.33 |
| 3.00. | Shumi elinesibhozo | I-16,66. | Shumi elinesthandathu | 18.75 | 17. | 17.64 | - | - |
Umthi, intsimbi okanye ikhonkrithi?
Akunakulindeleka ukuba wonke umntu uya kuphikisana nento yokuba izitepsi zendlu yindlela yokwakha indalo kunye nenqaku lobugcisa. Rhoqo yi-stylist inamandla kunye nomxholo ophambili wengaphakathi. Ukuba umyinge kunye nabayili batyhila ingqalelo yakhe, umphoselo weNdlu awujongi ngokupheleleyo kwaye ugqityiwe. Ngoncedo lwezinyuko, unokulungiselela ukucandwa kwezakhiwo enye okanye ezingaphezulu kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo esakhiwo. Ikuvumela ukuba uhlole indlu kunye nabangeneli balo kwisithuba esivela kumanqaku ahlukeneyo. Ukuba izitepsi ngumsebenzi wobugcisa obungaphakathi, izinto zemeko kunye nezinto zobugcisa zesidima esifanayo seziqulatho zihlelwe zisebenza khona.Kwingaphakathi ehonjiswe kakuhle, akufuneki ujonge isitayile esitshatileyo. Ukuba uyilo lukhulelwe kumoya weklasikhi, izinto zeklasikhi kufuneka zibhlukile. Kunye ne-cice versing. Uninzi lweenkcazo ezinkulu zivumela namhlanje ukuba namhlanje, kodwa kule meko izinto zangaphandle kunye nezinto ezigqityiweyo zinokubakho kufutshane nezitepsi, umzekelo, isitayile esiphezulu seTekhnoloji. Kwelinye icala, isitayile sabantu abalingene kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo eNdlu bangohlukile. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, izitepsi zibonelela ngotshintsho olugudileyo ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye. Le ngxaki iconjululwe ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya, imibala, ukwenziwa komqolo wesifundo sezitepsi, njl.
Iqala ntoni i-DeCOR ye-Woodle Strirses? Okokuqala, ukusuka ekukhetheni iinkuni zendlela enqwenelekayo kunye nokutsala kwezinto ezixhasayo izakhiwo nokugqitywa. Ukuya zombini iintlobo ezithambileyo (pine, nespruce, larch), kunye eziqinileyo (oki, beech, maple, uthuthu, nemisedare). Elokugqibela kukhethwa, kodwa nangokubiza ngaphezulu. Ukugqitywa kunokwenziwa ukusuka kwiinkuni zokutya okuxhaphakileyo - i-tick, i-chertor, i-Iroquo, i-Mogano, i-Araucaria, njl. Njl. KuMthetho wamaSebe beyithwele akunakwenzeka ukudibanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iinkuni, nokuba olungalinganiyo ifayibha ukwanda lomlingani xa utshintsho ukunyakama, izinto zemihla ngemihla ingaphakathi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo neenkuni kakhulu kunokwenzeka.
Kuxhomekeka kwisitayile, uyilo olufanelekileyo lukhethiwe. Umzekelo, ukuba ezakudala kufutshane ngezinyuko kwi Amahlathi zemveli kunye cosos, ukuba mihla - inexourous, izakhiwo self-axhasayo. Kufuneka kusoloko kukhunjulwe ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba zincede zikhethe isisombululo zokuhombisa ke enganobungozi imisebenzi eyimfuneko. Kuyingozi ukuthobela iimfuno zobunjineli zendlela yokukhawulezisa: Umzekelo, ukubeka inxaxheba kwinxalenye yangaphakathi engaphandle yohlobo lwefreyimu.
Iimpawu ze-Decor ziyahluka kakhulu. Kunye emthini ukwenziwa Ukubiya kunye ekugqibeleni, kwaphunyezwa, uphose, izakhiwo welding evela zesinyithi ahle and non-ayoni neentlobo ezahlukeneyo Ipeyinti galvanic ingasetyenziswa (ukuya gilding), ntathu, acrylic kunye negilasi polycarbonate, ngumkhenkce kunye ukubumba, namatye axabisekileyo, ikhonkrithi zokuhombisa. Ngokufutshane, ngezinyuko yinto efunekayo eyodwa eyakhayo bezobugcisa ngaphakathi, nto leyo ethintela ngcamango engakholelekiyo kunye nezisombululo womzobi.
Kunye nendlu yakhe kukho umxholo othile umqolo. Ngokwesiko, ukupeyinta okanye imizobo ixhonywe eludongeni kwiiterirses ze-Matshi: Imifanekiso yentsapho okanye imiboniso yosapho okanye imihlaba, kunye nezixhobo zakudala. Ngamazantsi amazantsi kunye namaqonga aphezulu, iingoma zokuhombisa zinokwenziwa ezindongeni ezindongeni. Uyilo yemiba ephambili kuthetha ubukho ekungeneni eqingqiweyo isibini okanye izibane; Ngaphezulu, kwiindawo,---izibuko. I-lumen ebanzi phakathi kukahambo okanye ishafti yeZinyuko ezijikelezayo kufuneka inyibilike i-chandelier. Kwi-balcole kunye ne-atlesole ibandakanyiwe kwi-Cascade ye-Cascade, ifanitshala yokuzihlaziya kunye namancedo (itafile, itafile) ngamanye amaxesha ifakwe ngamanye amaxesha. Iziqulatho zezakhiwo zesikhafu zihlala zihonjiswe kuphela ngokugqiba iindonga: Intshukumo kuzo ifuna ingqalelo efanele iphazanyiswe ngezinto zobugcisa.
Yiyile kwaye yakhiwe ngokwemigaqo yoyilo oluPhezulu noYilo, izitepsi zisebenza iminyaka. Sebenzisa kwaye uvume ubuhle bakhe buya kuba zizizukulwana ezininzi kubemi bendlu, usapho lwakho.
Iingcali zoNxibelelwano
Le izipho market Russian abenzi leri yaseYurophu ezinkulu yiklasi ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka elite kwimveliso mass series. Kwiimeko ezininzi, uyilo ekhutshwe abavela kwamanye amazwe ngamaplanga, ukuba isiXhosa - metal safana okanye ilitye, ngokunjalo ukususela ezinokwakheka uhombiso kunye lenyengane, nezemarmore, iiseramikhi, iglasi, metal.
Uluhlu lweefemu zamanye amazwe lubonelela ngeemveliso zabo eRussia zikhulu kakhulu. Zonke zimelwe kubathengisi baseRussia abathi, kunye nentengiso yamanqatha angeniselo oluzweni lwe-Mass, ababandakanyeka kuyilo kunye nomsebenzi wofakelo: "I-ACKINE YENKQUBO", "PODTIETA", "CM-Square", "Hobbit", AS-Art, Klafs, Union Group, njalo bazama ukukhuphisana kubavelisi Russian - LLC Klen Hleze, Leskostroy-M Cjsc, Roshk + JSC, TPK Ruthen, LLC "Studiorum" , "Ch.p.S." (EMoscow), ogama iimveliso zitshiphu. Imveliso Domestic Ukubiya ngezinyuko metal (EKHO ndimangaliswe LLP, OOO "Kristall SK", Russian elibenze LLC, njalo njalo).
Iifemu ezikhethekileyo ezingakhange zenze iiprojekthi zombhali nje, isitayile kunye noyilo lwayo lomntu kwaye ohlukileyo, kodwa usebenza neemveliso zemveliso esemgangathweni. Ezinye izinyuko ezinikezelwa kwiikhathalogu zabavelisi bezinye ezidumileyo bezingabi mhle kwaye zityhafile kuneMercedes okanye iimoto zePorsche, ezikwaziwa ngokuba ngamandla. Kwanele ukuba kuziswe nobhazabhaza umzekelo eNtofontofo iqhosha lemenyu imifanekiso UVania kunye Delta 2 / AF eveliswe yi-Alfa Isikali, izakhiwo ezintle kunye nomoya kwi Bolshams we-Design kunye Harmony uphawu ukusuka KE.
Lixesha lokucacisa ukuba ingakanani ukuba umthengi uya kugutyungelwa yi-stair diva. Qaphela ngokukhawuleza: Olu vuyo alubizi. Ukuba iminqweno yomthengi inqunyelwe kumnqweno olula wokuhamba ukusuka kwelinye inqanaba ukuya kwelinye, izitepsi ezibonisiweyo zemveliso engeniswayo evela kwi-3 m kunye nobubanzi be-1 m "amawaka amathathu eedola. Ukuba wenza okufanayo kwi-oak kunye nebango lomsebenzi wobugcisa-ixabiso liya kunyuka kube ngamawaka asixhenxe. Iidayimitha ze-scred ezingeniswayo ze-140 cm kunye nee-3 m eziphakamileyo zimabini kunye nesiqingatha (isinyithi) ezinemine. Izitepsi zamanqanaba ezimgangatho we-Russia zendlela, kunye nokungeniswa kokungeniswa, kodwa kushiywe kabini. Njengommiselo, kwindawo eqinileyo yezitepsi, kukho izinyuko ezininzi, ngenxa yoko indleko zabo, kuxhomekeke kumatshini onokubakho womnini khaya, zinokuba liqela elinamawaka aliqela - amakhulu amawaka eedola.
| Ukuqina kwemveliso | Imuvi | Isikere | Moya | Intsimbi | Abanye |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Alfa Sikali (Italy) | +. | +. | +. | - | - |
| I-alpini fontat (italy) | - | +. | +. | - | - |
| Isikali seFantozzli (i-Itali) | +. | +. | +. | - | - |
| I-Scala (i-Itali) | +. | +. | +. | - | - |
| T.a.i.l. Di dasi. G.AMP; C.S.NC.C.C.C.C. (ElamaTaliyane) | +. | +. | +. | - | - |
| I-Nilur (i-Itali) | +. | +. | +. | - | - |
| Frewa (iJamani) | +. | - | +. | +. | - |
| I-HENTS ERPPPN (iJamani) | +. | +. | +. | +. | - |
| I-Kengottt (iJamani) | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. |
| I-Columbus ye-Columbus (Switzerland) | +. | +. | +. | - | - |
| I-Loper (iFrance) | +. | +. | +. | - | - |
| Swn (Austria) | +. | +. | +. | +. | - |
| ICoffman (i-USA) | +. | - | +. | - | - |
| Umthi wokudala (Canada) | +. | - | +. | - | - |
Abahleli bebulela "i-strodstaitsa" yokucela uncedo kumalungiselelo enqaku.