Amanqaku esixhobo, afaka isicelo kunye nokusebenza kweefestile kwi-witpet.
I-Decor ye-Atcor ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo yokukhanyisela igumbi, ubungakanani kunye noqwalaselo lwefestile ye-attic.
Iifestile zeMannard zinokufumaneka ngokwahlukileyo: amabini, amaqela, ngaphezulu kwenye.
Iifestile ngamehlo eNdlu, ngoncedo lwabantu abahlala kuwo ilanga bafumana unxibelelwano nelanga, inyanga, iinkwenkwezi, zibuze isibhakabhaka ngqo, kwaye hayi ngendlela yokomfuziselo. Inqaku lethu malunga nenqaku lesixhobo, ukusetyenziswa nokusebenza kweefestile.
Ngaba ubomi bukhululekile kwi-Atpanic?
Uninzi lwethu luye lwakwazi ukuthandeka i-Attic Attic, ukuba ingenguye i-Russian, iParis, iBerlin, eLondon, kwisiphelo esibi kakhulu - Warsaw. Abantu abanenhlanhla abanethamsanqa abacwangcisa eyabo, ngokuqinisekileyo bavela ingxaki: Iifestile zenkonzo kwaye luhlobo luni lolwakhiwo? Ngaphambi kokuba uphendule lo mbuzo, kuyavakala ukuba uyayiqonda le nto kwaye luhlobo luni lweewindows zaseMannard.Kumsebenzi we-ATTALCECO FILCIFT okanye i-Inch App etyekelo lwezinto zophahla olugcweleyo. Ngokwesiqhelo bacwangciswa kumagumbi okulalaphaphara- ii-Dormuriritiriuritiriums kunye nesiNgesi zisabizwa ngokuba nguDormer. I-uperstset yophahla, ukukhusela kunye nokuyila ngokwesitshixo esithe nkqo, kubizwa ngokuba yi-lug-ngaphakathi. Eli gama lihlala lisetyenziswa njenge-synonym yeefestile ezincinci ezithe nkqo. Umhle unokuba ngoonxantathu, uxande, ovunyiweyo, ngohlobo lwe-hemisphere; Iifreyimu zabo zinefomu efanelekileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-lug-haiding icwangciswe eluphahleni lwegnethi.
Ingxaki yokhetho
Iifestile zeMannard zicacile njengembonakalo nakwimisebenzi yazo. Omnye wemisebenzi ephambili yoyilo ngumbutho oqiqayo wokwakha, oko kukuthi, indawo echanekileyo yokuvula iwindows kunye nezinye izinto zothutho ukuze zifumane idosi ye-iltraviolet rays. Iimfuneko zokutyunjwa kunye nokukhanyisela kwegumbi le-Attic zichazwe kwiSahluko "Iinguqu kwi-N 2 kwinxalenye yemigangatho ye-attic" inyoka "2.08.01-89. Kuyaziwa ukuba imitha yentsalela yentsalela kunye ne-Ultraviolet ivuselela ukwanda kwamathumba, kwaye ukusilela kwayo kukhokelela kuphuhliso lwe-anemia, isifo sephepha lesifo kunye nezinye izifo ezosulelayo. Kwimeko enye, kwi-ETTEC, iMezzenines nakwi-verandas - ngelanga elisebenzayo kakhulu, kuya kufuneka ulwe, unciphise indawo ye-Windows kwaye usebenzise indawo ye-windows kwaye usebenzise indawo esemgangathweni we-World - ukuthathela ingqalelo Amanyathelo okukhulisa imipu yelanga kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kuzo zombini iimeko, iifestile zoyilo olukhethekileyo ziyafuneka. Indawo yabo kufuneka ilingane nomgangatho womgangatho. Kwi-Attic, umzekelo, lo ngumyinge we-1: 10.
Kwindawo yanamhlanje yasekhaya, kukho eya kwayo ukukhetha iWindows kumgangatho we-ATTACIC. Ngokutsho kukaSovitemidia woYilo lwe-LV Gighlukhi, iWindows ifakwe kwi-Luquarns isetyenzisiwe "ukuze igcinwe kwaye igcine isitayile sefestile, ngelixa iyonke i-verical huty, akufuneki hlukanisa ubude bayo. " Ngokuhambelana, iingcebiso zayo "ukubalwa kobukhulu kunye nokubekwa kwefestile ye-Attic yalo naluphi na uyilo kufuneka lube lubonakalayo kunye neempawu ze-anthropometric, ngokuthintela iimitha zefestile ekufuneka zingaphantsi kwe-1.9-2 iimitha ukusuka kumgangatho, kunye ne I-ray ebonakalayo yomntu ohleli umntu kufuneka abe necandelo le-ferris ubuncinci i-15% ngefestile evulekileyo. "
Omnye umsebenzi ophambili ojamelene nowokwakha unxulumene nomoya oqingqiweyo wendawo. Ukuhla kwe-moya ogqithileyo kukhokelela ekuqulunqweni, ukulahleka kobushushu kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukubanda, kwaye ubuthathaka kakhulu- kudala ukungabikho kweoksijini, ukuphazamiseka kwe-tetabolic emzimbeni. Kuzo zonke iimeko, iwindow yinto ebalulekileyo yendalo kunye ne-ventila yokwehla, exhomekeke ngqo kwimpilo yabahlali beNdlu.
Kwiipesenti ezingama-50 zamatyala eziphanzini, abaphuli mthetho bawele endlwini ngefestile. Umsebenzi obalulekileyo kukwenza ukuba ibe ngumqobo onamandla kuhlaselo. Ukuzithemba kwakhe kukhuseleko kubaluleke kakhulu kwintuthuzelo yengqondo. Qhekeza okanye uvule ngaphandle kwefestile yokuqala kwisidluko kulula kakhulu, ongayi kuthini ngeefestile zanamhlanje ezikhazimelayo, ezoyikisayo zokutshixa ezikhazimelayo, ezomeleleyo.
Okokugqibela, iwindow kufuneka idibane neemfuno zobunjineli zangoku kunye nokusebenza: yiba nokuchasa ubushushu obuthile, i-air kunye nezandi zokungenisana.
Iifestile ezininzi namhlanje zenziwa kwi-polyvinyl hloride kunye ne-aluminium. Ewe kunjalo, ziyasebenza kwaye zihlala ziqine. Umntu, nangona kunjalo, uziva ngathi "iplastiki-yentsimbi yentsimbi" ayisoloko ikhululekile. Njengokuziqhelanisa nemidlalo, iifestile ezenziwe ngenkuni zinobuhlobo obunobuhlobo kwaye zininzi kakhulu kuneplastiki kunye nentsimbi.
Yintoni ekhethekileyo malunga nabo?
Kule mihla, iifestile ze-Mannard zeMannard zihlala zibeka ukuhambisa i-faci okanye ngesakhiwo esiphindaphindiweyo sezakhiwo zembali. Imigaqo ekhethekileyo kunye nemithetho yoyilo kuYilo nolwakhiwo alukho. Uyilo loyilo lwe-IT lukhokelwe yimithetho ngokubanzi yokuqulunqwa, iimfuno ze-ot yeWindows ngokubanzi. Kufanele ukuba ukhunjulwe ukuba iiwindows ngokuthe nkqo, nangona zinika isakhiwo imbonakalo ebonakalayo, nangona kunjalo, ngokootatali yecandelo lobufazi, musa ukusoloko ubonelela ngenqanaba elifanelekileyo lokukhanyisela kunye necandelo elifanelekileyo lokujonga, lenze iingxaki kubaqululi.Kwimbono yekhaya lanamhlanje, okhethiweyo kunikwa kwifestile ye-Manard ye-Manard, ephuhliswe kuqala kwimveliso yobuninzi kwaye iphunyezwe kwiCandelo loKwakha ngo-1941 yi-Danish Velux. Iifestile ze-Manard eziPhambili ziqhele ukufakwa ngokuhambelana nethambeka eluphahleni, kwaye ngokubanzi zinokubekwa phantsi kwe-angle ye-Indistrate (ukusuka kwi-15 ukuya kwi-15 ukuya kwi-87) kwindiza ethe tyaba kwaye, ngaphandle kwe-fag-engenasimahla. Bafumana imithwalo ephakanyisiweyo yemozulu kunye noomatshini, kunye nokuququzelelwa kukufikelela kwabantu ephahleni, ke, amandla kunye nokuqina kwale festile kufanele kube kuphinda kabini.
Ekusebenzeni kweefestile zeManard
-Ukuthintela ukwakhiwa kwe-condersate kwiglasi, ngakumbi ngaphakathi ngaphakathi komswakama ophezulu, kubalulekile ukubeka umthombo wobushushu phantsi kwefestile, umoya ohamba rhoqo igumbi kwaye uqiniseke ukuba uvele umoya.-Iindawo ezidolophini, izinto ezenziwe ngomthi zefestile kufuneka zihlawule umaleko omtsha we-varnish qho kwiminyaka emi-2, kwindawo enexabiso elincinci lovavanyo-kanye emva kweminyaka eli-10.
I-Tegola Candomese iphakamise ukuba kube kanye kwiminyaka emithathu inyibilikisile iifestile zefestile eziqhotyoshelweyo. Ngeefestile ze-velux, ioyile ayimfuneko kulo lonke ixesha lokusebenza kwabo.
Iipesenti zokufakwa kwe-shirmal yesakhiwo zinjalo ukuba ebusika kuyinto efanelekileyo ngokuchasene nomgangatho wokugqibela ukuya kumgangatho wokugqibela, ubushushu obukhulu bunomdla wokuhambahamba komoya. Esona sehlo sishushu, nkqu nezona zifakelo lufanelekileyo, lokufana nophahla aluyi kukhusela igumbi le-attic lingaphezulu kokufudumeza ngamalanga. Ngokwengcinga yezinto, iifestile zeMannard kufuneka zibe ngabalawuli bendalo bobushushu kunye neenkqubo zotshintshiselwano lomoya. Ukwenza lo msebenzi njengoko kufanele kwenziwe, iintsha ezintsha zaziswa kwilori yazo (xa kuthelekiswa nohlobo lweWindows)
-Isakhiwo sokumiswa kwibhokisi yewindows senziwe kwilog, sivumela isakhelo ukuba sijike isakhelo ukuya kwi-180 (kuya kuba lula ukuhlamba iglasi engaphandle) kwaye ilungiselele ivalve eyahlukeneyo. Kwaye i-axis yokujikeleza ibekwe phakathi kwesakhelo nakwinxalenye yayo ephezulu;
-Ukubamba iwindow enezikhundla ezintathu ezisisigxina kukuvumela ukuba uhlengahlengise inkqubo yomoya;
-Ukusebenzisa i-ventilation ifakiwe kwibhokisi yewindows ngegridi yokukhusela inokuba yinkcitho kwaye xa iwindow ivaliwe.
Uyilo lwefestile ye-Attic Window ikhuselekile ukusebenza. Kunye neeglasi ezinzima ezinobunzima be-4 mm kunye neglasi ebonisa ubushushu obushushu obuphantsi bokukhupha iiphakheji zebhedi ezimbini, iiglasi ze-Winder ezimbini zisetyenziswa. Iifestile ezinamafutha kabini zizaliswe yirhasi ye-InErt (Argon okanye i-crypton) eyandisa izakhiwo zokugcina ubushushu.
Iinkcukacha ze-Windows zenziwe ngee-pine ze-pine i-pine, ifakwe i-antiseptic kwigumbi lokuphumla kwaye igutyungelwe ibe nye okanye ezimbini ze-varnish. Kwizikhusela ze-Aluminium ye-Aluminium yeWindows Ukuqina kwale festile ikwiminyaka engama-40 kamva, ngokuxhomekeke kwimigaqo yokusebenza.
Ukuthintela iifestile zamanzi ezihamba eluphahleni, zijolise kumjikelezo wemilo ebizwa ngokuba yimiqolo yemivuzo. Ziveliswe iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezihambelana nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zophahla (iflethi, iprofayile ephantsi okanye iprofayile ephezulu). Imivuzo yenziwa nge-aluminium okanye ngobhedu (yophahla lophambukeli kuphela).
Ilula kwiYilo kwaye uyiyile ufiphelele kwiifestile zeMannard, ibekwe rhoqo kwimiqolo eliqela kwi-stiep yophahla, luhlobo loyilo lukaJamani oluseJamani. Kwixesha le-latemtom kwaye ngexesha lokuzalwa ngokutsha kumazwe ahlukeneyo aseYurophu, i-Atpecate yeWindows ivele eLugarny, ukusuka kwicala langaphambili leendonga elithunyelwe kwizitena. Babehlala behonjiswe nge-stucco - pukko. Ngexesha lolawulo lwe-tudor ye-tudsy (i-XV-XICHE) eNgilane naseScotland, ezo festile zasasazwa kwiBhodi yeLouis Xiv, iiwindows ezifanayo zakhiwe eluphahleni Iinqaba zaseFrench. Iifestile zeMannard ezithe nkqo zihlala zikwi-Xvisi i-Xvii kunye ne-XVII yeenkulungwane, kodwa incopho yokuthandwa kwazo ezibangelwa kukuhlisela i-gothic kunye ne-Renaissance Afriks kwi-Xix nakwi-XX inkulungwane ye-XX.
Iifestile zedolophu zihambelana ngokulula kwiinkqubo zeRaf ekhoyo. Zikhweliswe kwenye kwaye zikwindawo ethe tyaba, ethe nkqo, ezihlanganisiweyo. Kwimeko yokugqibela, umgama osemgangathweni phakathi kweewindows nangokuthe nkqo, kwaye ngokuthe nkqo yi-10 cm. Kwangelo xesha, ngokokujonga ubuhle, kunye nokwenza lula ukuyilwa kwewotshi yefestile, kufakwe ngaphakathi Ububanzi obufana, kwaye bungaphezulu - ubude obufanayo.
Ifestile nganye inokuxhotyiswa ngezitshixo, uhlaziyo olukhanyisiweyo, ukukhanya nobushushu-ubushushu, amakhethini acenga, amashishini angaphandle, amashishini angaphandle ahlukeneyo, kunye neenkqubo zokuvula kunye nokuvula.
Iiparamitha zejometri ze-Manard yeWindows
| Imodeli | Ubukhulu | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ububanzi befestile, cm | I-Window Box, cm | Ububanzi beglasi, mm | Ukuphakama kweglasi, mm | Indawo ebilayo, m2 | |
| I-Velux (Vula) | |||||
| 304. | 78. | 98. | 602. | 730. | I-0.44. |
| 306. | 78. | I-118. | 602. | I-930. | I-0.56 |
| 308. | 78. | I-140. | 602. | I-1150. | 0.69 |
| I-310. | 78. | I-160. | 602. | 1352. | I-0.81. |
| 606. | 114. | I-118. | I-962. | I-930. | I-0.89 |
| 608. | 114. | I-140. | I-962. | I-1150. | I-1,11 |
| Zenith (ukuvula kunye nesithulu) | |||||
| Nye | 55. | 78. | I-368. | I-590. | I-0.21 |
| 2. | 55. | 98. | I-368. | 780. | I-0.29. |
| 3. | 78. | 98. | I-598. | 780. | 0.47 |
| ezine | 78. | I-118. | I-598. | I-990. | I-0.59. |
| Ntlanu | I-94. | 98. | 758. | 780. | I-0.60 |
| 6. | 78. | I-140. | I-598. | I-1210. | 0.72 |
| 7. | 114. | I-118. | I-958. | I-990. | I-0.94 |
| Sibhozo | 134. | 98. | I-1158. | 780. | 0.91 |
| Thoba | 66. | 98. | I-478. | 780. | I-0.38. |
| 10 | 66. | I-118. | I-478. | I-990. | 0.47 |
'' Phini? ''
Ukufakwa kweefestile ezityebileyo ze-Attic Chin zinokuveliswa ziingcali ezinelayisensi kunye "neqela" elisimahla "(kule meko, uya kuthi ungenazo iiwaranti zomsebenzi owenziweyo). Eyokuqala iyakhankanya, kuba iwindow "yindlela" yokuyila "yokuchaneka" efuna ukujikeleza okukreyitha.'' Zicinge, qikeze, sizenzele, '' '
Ngaba ekugqibeleni Uwuphendula umbuzo "Windows yeyiphi le nkampani?". Kwimarike yaseRussia, kukho okwangoku iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo zeefemu ezimbini kuphela - i-tego ye-tegolade, egxininisile i-PHU kwi-PHU kwi-punch ye-zenith. Ngenxa yokuba kumazwe afudumeleyo kwezentlalo, iindleko zomsebenzi akefikayo kwinqanaba laseNtshona Europe laseNtshona, i-Tegola Camedese iphantse ibe ngama-30% exabiso eliphantsi kunemveliso efanayo. Ke ukukhetha komthengi kuyathobekile kakhulu.
Kutshanje, iifestile zenkampani yaseJamani roto zisandula ukuvavanywa kwexesha kwiimeko zemozulu ezinzima zaseRussia. Amanani kunye nezibakala zamagama anobuchule, kwaye ke sicebisa ukuthelekisa iiparameter zobugcisa kunye neempawu zeWindows ezifanayo kunye nokuqeshwa, kodwa kwimveliso eyahlukeneyo.
Iifestile ze-zenith zihluka kwi-velux ye-velux ngento yokuba ngokulinganayo kwesakhelo, badlula nge-6% yokukhanya ngakumbi. Oku kufezekiswa ngokubeka isixhobo esingena moya kwibhokisi yewindows (ngelixa kwi-windows ye-velux ifakwe kwisakhelo) kunye nendawo enkulu yephakheji yeglasi.
Zombini iifemu zinika iifestile zazo isiqinisekiso seminyaka emi-5, kwizixhobo zonyaka omnye. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, abameli befemu baya kuthatha indawo yewindows esele ifakiwe, kubandakanya ukugcwala kabini.
Iimpawu ezihlanganisiweyo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zefestile ye-Mannard
| Uhlobo | Iimpawu | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xhathisa Ukunganyangekala kobushushu Hlela iiwindows, m2c / w. | Herme- tich Not, m3 / (h * m) | I-Rama kunye nebhokisi | Ukulungiswa kweRAMA | V- isiLatice isixhobo | Iglasi- iphakheji | Umvuzo | |
| I-Velux GZL. | I-0.57. | Ngaphantsi kwe-0.3. | Pine | Isikhundla esinye-kwiLizwe eliLondolozwe, into enye-nge-180 | Akukho ikhona | Iglasi evuthayo (i-4 mm) ekhutshelo, i-Argon Provesting (i-9 mm), iglasi evuthayo (i-3 mm) | Edh, eds, cogni |
| I-Velux GGL | I-0.59. | Ngaphantsi kwe-0.2. | Pine | Isikhundla esinye-kwiLizwe eliLondolozwe, into enye-nge-180 | Ngecebo lokucoca | Iglasi evuthayo (i-4 mm) ekhutshiwe, ukukhuthaza iArgon (i-16 mm), iglasi evuthayo (i-4 mm) | Edh, eds, cogni |
| I-Velux GHL. | I-0.59. | Ngaphantsi kwe-0.2. | Pine | Isikhundla esinye-kwiLizwe lokujikeleza, into enye-nge-180, enye-kwifestile evulekileyo evulekileyo (esetyenzisiweyo njengemveliso yexesha likaxakeka) | Ngecebo lokucoca | Iglasi evuthayo (i-4 mm) ekhutshiwe, ukukhuthaza iArgon (i-16 mm), ukuhamba okuqhelekileyo (4 mm) | Edh, eds, cogni |
| Zenith lxs. | 0.62. | Ngaphantsi kwe-0.25-0.55 | I-pine ngaphandle kwelov | Izikhundla ezintathu ezikwimeko yovula, into enye-yona nge-180 | Ngomnatha we-mosquito. | Iglasi yeglasi evuthiweyo (2 x 3 mm) i-spraing, umaleko we-crypton (14 mm), iglasi evuthayo (4 mm) | H, s, j, coma |
| Zenith lx. | 0.71 | Ngaphantsi kwe-0.25-0.55 | I-pine ngaphandle kwelov | Izikhundla ezintathu ezikwimeko yovula, into enye-yona nge-180 | Ngomnatha we-mosquito. | Iglasi evuthayo (i-4 mm) ekhutshiwe, ukukhuthaza iArgon (i-16 mm), iglasi evuthayo (i-4 mm) | H, s, j, coma |
