I-Icandesice kunye ne-Halogn Lamp: Iintlobo, abavelisi, iingcebiso eziluncedo kumthengi.
Ngokwawo onke amanani olwazi egunyazisiweyo, i-14% yawo onke amandla ombane achithwe kwi-Russia. Enoba sihlala sibaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle kokwenzakaliswa ngokwabo kwaye abanye basebenzisa olu lwalamano lwamandla ongezelelweyo, ngaphandle kokwaneliswa yinyaniso yokuba ixabisa izulu. Eli nqaku liqala ibali malunga nendlela yokuphepha iimpazamo xa kukhanyiswe indlu.
Siphila kwihlabathi lokukhanya, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba sikwazi ukwenza ngokucacileyo imiqathango yokukhanya okuhle. Mhlawumbi, ke, ukususela kwiminyaka yesikolo, siqala ukunxiba iiglasi kwiminyaka yesikolo, ukukhalaza iintloko-ntloko kwaye sikhathalele, ngaphandle kokutsala iingxaki, kwanele ukukhetha ibhalbhu yendlela yombane. Ukwenza ukukhanya okuhle, kufuneka kancinane: isixa esaneleyo sokukhanya, singagqwetha ipeyinti kwihlabathi liphela. Kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba kufezekiswe oku ngendleko ezincinci.
Ukuvavanya umgangatho wemithombo yokukhanya, iingcali zisebenzisa iimpawu ezifana ne-flux yokukhanya, ukukhanya, ukukhanya, ukuqaqamba, iziphumo ezininzi. Igumbi lingabonakala likhululekile okanye alixhomekeki kwinqanaba lokukhanyisela kunye nombala wemitha yemithombo yokukhanya. Umzekelo, kunye nenqanaba elincinci lokukhanyisa, umntu uziva emhle ukuba amaWavelengt averations ojikelezayo, ehambelana ne-orenji ebomvu-i-orenji-eluhlaza-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ebomvu egumbini . Izizathu zobuxoki kwi-psycho-ye-psycho-yembonakalo yengqondo yokukhanya kunye nombala womntu, kodwa awunakuxela ngobu bulumko ngamazwi amabini.
Ibali ngemithombo yokukhanya iqala ngebhalbhu ye-incandase.
Izibane ze-incondentcent
Isibane se-incandesent ngumthombo wokukhanya apho utshintsho lwamandla ombane luye lwenzeka ngenxa yombane othusi wombane (intambo ye-tungsten). Ezi zixhobo zenzelwe ukukhanya kwekhaya, ekuhlaleni kunye nokhethekileyo. Le yokugqibela, njengommiselo, wahluke ngenkangeleko - umbala kunye nobume befleks. Ukusebenza kakuhle (ukusebenza kakuhle) kwezibane ze-incandasescent zimalunga ne-5-10%, isabelo sombane esidlwengulweyo siguqulwe ukuba sibonakale ukukhanya, kwaye inxenye yayo iguqukayo ibubushushu.Isibane sesixhobo. Nasiphi na i-bulbs ye-incadesicent yezinto ezifanayo. Kodwa ubungakanani babo, ubume kunye nendawo yokuhlala bahluke kakhulu, oko kuyilo ololulekileyo alufani kwaye kunempawu ezahlukeneyo.
Kukho izibane, iiflethi zayo zizaliswe yi-crypton okanye i-argon. I-Crypton ihlala inohlobo lwe "fungus". Zincinci ngokobukhulu, kodwa zinika inkulu (malunga ne-10%) yokuhamba kokukhanya xa kuthelekiswa ne-ARGON. Izibane zeFlask zenzelwe iZibane ezisebenza izinto zokuhlola, kunye ne-tube emile flask-ukukhanyisela izibuko kwiikhabhathi zekhabhathi, igumbi lokuhlambela, njl.
Isiseko se-screw se-bulbs se-incandese sacetyiswa ngu-Edison (e-Edison), kwaye ke ngoko ileta yesiLatin "e" ifumaneka kwileta enjalo, kwaye amanani abonisa ububanzi bomsonto kwiimilimitha. I-oins ye-E27 (isibane mahala 25-200w), i-E14w), phantsi kwe-mignon cartridge, i-25-100w), i-25 (2000W izibane ezisetyenziswayo.
Izibane ze-incandescent zinokubuya okukhanyayo ukusuka kwi-7 ukuya kwi-17 lm / w kunye nenkonzo yenkonzo malunga neeyure ezili-1000. Banxibelelana nemithombo yokukhanya ene-tonic efudumeleyo, ngenxa yoko benza iimpazamo xa bedlulisela iithoni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezityheli kunye nebomvu. Kwingaphakathi, apho ucalucalulo lombala uphakame ngokwaneleyo, kungcono ukusebenzisa ezinye iintlobo zeZibane. Ayicetyiswa ukuba isebenzise izibane ze-incandescent ukukhanyisela iindawo ezinkulu kwaye zenze ukhanyiso ngaphezulu kwenqanaba le-3000lk, kuba libalaselisa ubushushu obuninzi kunye negumbi ".
Ngaphandle kwezi kuthintelwe ngaphandle kwezithintelo, ezo zixhobo zisahlala zingumthombo weklasi kwaye owuthandayo.
Sebenzisa i-Harks Lamps, kuluncedo ukwazi ukuba:
-Izibane ze-tubular (ikakhulu inamandla) kungcono ukuba uthethe ngokuthe tyaba ngokuphambuka kwi-degrees engaphezulu kwe-10 degrees.
-Iqondo lobushushu leflask linokufikelela kwi-500c, ngenxa yoko imigangatho yokhuseleko lomlilo kufuneka iqwalaselwe xa kufakwa izibane (umzekelo, zinika umgama owoneleyo phakathi komphezulu we-overlap).
- Kumphezulu weglasi yesibane, kungcono ungachukumisi izandla zakho ezinquliweyo, njengoko amabala atyebileyo ahlala kuwo, onokukhokelela kwiglasi yeeflethi kule ndawo. Isibane kufuneka sithathwe sisebenzisa isiqwenga sendwangu esimsulwa. Ukuba iflesk iqinile, kuya kufuneka uyisuse ngotywala kwezonyango.
-Izibane ze-halogn zinovelwano kakhulu ekuqeshweni, ke kufuneka zibandakanywe kwisitayile sevolthi, kunye neentlobo ezithile ngomdlalo ophantsi.
I-Halogn I-Lampscent Lamp
I-incandescent bubs ilahlekile ukukhanya ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye yenzeka ngesizathu esilula: Ukuphuma kwesomngxunya we-tungsten ye-incandasescent ifakwe kwi-fly down ye-flask yeglasi. Izibane ze-halogn zanamhlanje azinayo le ndlela ngenxa yokongezwa kwezinto ze-halogn (iodine okanye iBromine) kwi-filler yegesi). Elokugqibela iyakwazi "ukuqokelela" amasuntswana athambileyo athambileyo kwaye "ubuye" kwakhona kumngxunya we-tungsten kwakhona. Ukongeza, ifleshi yesibane esinjalo senziwe kwiglasi ye-quartz, exhaphake kakhulu kwiqondo lobushushu kunye neziphumo zekhemikhali, kwaye inokugcwaliswa yirhasi phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, ivumela ukonyusa ubushushu be-HEKITEX, okukhokelela kumaxesha ayi-1-2 ukukhanya kwe-halon set, kwaye imilinganiselo yayo ithe xa ithelekiswa nezibane ezifanayo.Izibane ziifom ezimbini: i-tubular-enendawo ende enemigca emide ecaleni kwe-axis ye-cube, kunye ne-capsule-ngequmrhu lequmpact.
Izizathu zezibane zekhaya elincinci le-halogn zinokuntywila (uhlobo e), ezilungele iikhaphethi eziqhelekileyo, kunye nezikhonkwane (zohlobo g), ezifuna iikhatriji zolunye uhlobo.
Ukukhanya kokubuya kwezibane ze-halogn yi-14-30lm / iitts. Banxibelelana nemithombo yohlobo olufudumeleyo, kodwa uluhlu lwemitha yabo ikufuphi kwi-shocctum emhlophe kunaleyo yezibane ze-incandescent. Enkosi kule, imibala yefanitshala kwaye iphakathi kwindawo efudumeleyo nengathathi hlangothi, kunye nokuntyisela komntu "udluliselwe".
Izibane ze-halogn zisetyenziswa kuyo yonke indawo. I-Lamps ene-flask ye-cylindrical okanye i-flask yekhandlela kwaye yenzelwe i-voltage yenethiwekhi 220v inokusetyenziswa endaweni yesiqhelo (ngakumbi apho kukho isibane esincinci). Izibane zezipili ezenzelwe i-voltage ephantsi zibaluleke kakhulu ngokufihlakeleyo kwifanitshala, iipeyinti, kunye nendawo yokuhlala.
Uphi umgodi wokukhanya?
Uluhlu lweemveliso zokukhanyisa luthando luvelisa abavelisi abalandelayo: Abathengisi abaziintloko beemveliso ezingeniswayo kwimarike yaseRussia bavelisile abavelisi bemikhanyithi (i-USA), iOsram noPaulmann (iJamani). Kuba kunye nonxibelelaniso lweemveliso zasekhaya, umfundi uyayazi, kuyavakala ukuba uhlale kwinkcazo yeemodeli ezintsha zeZibane ezingeniswayo.
Ungawahlula njani izibane ezikumgangatho ophezulu ukusuka kumgangatho ophantsi
Intengiso yeemveliso zokukhanyisa ngoku izaliswe ziimpawu ezisemgangathweni ezimbi. Ihlala ingekho lula ukwahlula iimveliso zemveliso ezithengiswayo kwigunya. Indlela elula yokufumana umgangatho "obonakalayo": ekumakisweni kwephakethe kunye nefleki ngokwayo, apho uMvelisi weNkampani abonisiweyo (umzekelo, hayi eJamani). NgokweMithetho yeRhwebo, idilesi yomvelisi inikezelwa kwiphakheji. Umthengisi kufuneka abe nesatifikethi sempahla nganye. Umthengi unokufuna isatifikethi esinjalo kwaye uqiniseke ukuba iimpahla zihanjiswa ngokusemthethweni kwaye ayisiyonyani.
Isibane esifutshane Izibonelelo ezikwizibane ze-incandents kunye nenjongo ekhethekileyo, kunye nokuhombisa. Iiflethi zinokwenziwa ngeglasi engabonakaliyo nenokuba yematte, ezuzisa ukuqaqamba komthombo wokukhanya. Imibala emibala yeapricot, ipinki, i-azure, iluhlaza, i-lemon kunye nezinye izithunzi, kunye nokuhlanganiswa, zixelisa iipateni ezahlukeneyo, zimelwe ngokubanzi. Kukho izipilini izibane ezineflethi zinesilivere okanye igolide. Banokusetyenziselwa ukwenza isiphumo sokuboniswa kokukhanya, okwaziwayo, kuthathwa njengento entle kakhulu. Isibane se-38 isipili silungele ukudala ukuhamba kwesithuthi. Inkampani ivelisa i-crypton Lampton Lamps ngeFlesks kwifom "fungus", iindawo ezijijekileyo nezityhafileyo neziqhelekileyo.
Izibane ezikhethekileyo Khonza ukudala iimeko ezikhethekileyo zokukhanya. I-NEEDMYMIUM SHBS yenzelwe ukukhumbula izityalo. I-Striplight I-Icandesce Izibane ezisetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa xa ukukhanya okuthambileyo kuyafuneka. Isinambuzane se-Lampcamp Parinsect siya kukunika ithuba lokuphumla ngokuhlwa ngehlobo kwi-Terrace, ngaphandle kokugona i-mosquities ecaphukisayo kunye ne-midges. Ungcelele lo ench yenye yeempawu ezintsha zenkampani - inegalelo kugqithiso lwezityebi kakhulu kunye nezithunzi zabo.
Ukukhutshwa kweshumi elinesibindi kukhupha uthotho ezintathu ze-halon zezibane. Uchungechunge lwemibala echanekileyo yenzelwe ukuba usebenzise ubungcali kwimisebenzi yendawo efuna ukuveliswa kwemibala ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye ke iyabiza kakhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 yeedola). Izibane zolu ngcelele zisebenza- zinobomi beerekhodi-ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-6000, enye i-sketch - iqaqambile - iQHELEKILE-I-3000-3500 iiyure. Qala ungcelele udibanisa izibane ezingabizi kunye nezibane eziqinileyo. Ndingathanda ukukhankanya iimodeli ze-halo btt, ikhandlela halo kunye ne-globes, ukuba nesiseko esinentambo, esivumela ukuba bazisebenzise endaweni yezibane ze-incandest.
Inkampani ye-Osram. Iimveliso zayo ziveliswa eJamani, eFrance, e-Itali, eSlovakia. Inqaku lezibane ze-incandesescent zenkampani ye-OSRAM ngumsebenzi we-Gaw sisixhobo se-Gaw kwifom ye-bispiral, ngaloo ndlela yandisa umjelo wokukhanya. Ukuphuculwa kwezibane zeklasikhi kwahluka kubume befleks (eqhelekileyo, ikhandlela elifana ne-Drop). I-BellialUx Tomp ye-LEAP TANIT RIAY ukuqaqamba okuthambileyo. Uguquko lwendawo yoGuqulelo sisipili sezibuko ezinemifanekiso engama-39, engama-50, 63, 80 kunye ne-95mm. Isipili esikhutshelwe kwi-Dome ye-Decor Selbs / iibhulethi zegolide ezikhanyayo zithintela isikhanyiso esikhanyayo ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Deme, ngaloo ndlela sibonelela ngokukhusela imati. I-Decoor Viglor Global Globane kwiFlask yebhola inika ukukhanya okuthambileyo. I-Decor Umbala wezibane zepeyinti zipeyintiwe ebomvu, orenji, tyheli, luhlaza kwaye luhlaza. Zilungele uyilo lokuhombisa kunye nokukhanyisa.
Ukudityaniswa kwe-halolux 220V izibane zibonelela ngamathuba okufaka kwizibane ezincinci ezixineneyo. Ukuba indlu yakho inengqokelela yemifanekiso eqingqiweyo, i-ceramics okanye naziphi na ezinye izinto zobugcisa kwaye ungathanda ukubabonisa i-acten ye-halost ye-halostar (nge-aluminium, i-titanium kunye nabacikisi abaqhelekileyo). Intengiso entsha yeNtengiso entsha - isibane seHalopn. I-Compact (ubude be-50mm, i-Deameter 14mm), inesiseko se-PIN, yenzelwe i-220 v kwaye isetyenziswe kwizibane ezincinci.
UPaulmann. "I-kyonk yakhe" luluhlu olubanzi lwezibane zokuhombisa ezineflethi zeemilo ezahlukeneyo, imibala kunye ne-shades (igolide, i-goby), efihliweyo, itshizile i-flask yakho ngaphakathi kweflask. I-Bulble enomdla ye-bulb ye-flame ye-Flame KerzengelamPe, ixelisa ikhandlela. Ine-cartridge e14, kwaye amandla ayo ngu-3w (oko kukuthi, njengekhandlela eliqhelekileyo). Ibhalbhu yokukhanya ifakwe kwisiphatho sezibane, kwaye ityhubhu yesiseko inqunyulwe kude kube lixesha elifunayo. Isixhobo esikhethekileyo sithetha isiphumo sedangatye lekhandlela. yale igqengezelayo Tubular wezibane LinienLampe Disco, ukongeza yokusebenza yemveli, yavelisa imibala etyheli, obomvu, oluhlaza noluhlaza. Izibane zokuhombisa zohlobo lwe-Kreuzkerze, Globe Fentasia ngomfanekiso, njengentyatyambo, isilwanyana, okanye umbhalo ngaphakathi kwiflask. Ngokusisiseko, zisetyenziswa njengezibane zobusuku, amandla abo ngu-3w.
I-pecality yezibane ze-halogn zale nkampani kukuba zonke iiflogi eziphantsi kwaye zenzelwe i-voltage 12v. I-Anknzi Ement Lams yomjelo wokukhanya wesikhokelo zilungele ngokugqibeleleyo ukutya, njengoko zingafuneki-fihla (i-80% yefilimu yefilimu ayikhutshelwanga). Iglasi ye-cologn ye-cologn ye-quark-i-halogn stureockel-inokuba nombala. Iimodeli zinikezelwa ngobomi benkonzo ezingama-1500-2000 okanye iiyure ezingama-4000.