I-hoses esivela kwisizukulwana: Ukwahlulahlula, amathuba, iifemu zomenzi, amaxabiso.
Eminye iminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, i-hose kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ukwakhiwa kunye neshishini kwakuhlala kuthathwa njenge-therrogate yombhobho wesinyithi oqinileyo kwaye yayiluhlobo "olubi lwe-dudlon". Amaxesha atshintshiwe. Kunzima ukufumana indawo yobomi, naphi na apho zisebenza khona izizukulwana ezintsha.
I-Hosses ifunyenwe kuyo yonke indawo: kwi-hairdyer ye-haird ye-hairds ye-hairting yeenwele, umatshini wokuhlamba, impompo yasekhaya okanye icompressor yemoto. Ii-hoses ezilumkileyo zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokucoca amanzi, iJacuzuki kunye nokuhambisa amanzi echibini, kwiinkqubo zokuntywila kwendawo yokuqhutywa kwenkunkuma eqokelelekileyo kunye negaraji yendawo yokuhlala. Iihosethi ezizodwa ezibekwe kwikhonkrithi zenza indima ye-tennels apho iintambo ze-fiber optic, imibhobho yombane, irediyo kunye neefowuni zoluliwe. Ii-hoses ezizukisiweyo zihamba phantsi kwekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi yombhobho wokupheliswa komgangatho. I-hoses efanayo iqinisa amaqumrhu emibhobho yeepayipi zeplastiki kunye nee-cranes kunye nabaxube, amacandelo emibhobho zikhuselwe phantsi komonakalo onobungozi. Izakhiwo ze-hose azisebenzi kungekuphela nje kwi-oyile yemveli yamatyala, kodwa ikwatyiwa kwendawo yeManori, ukulala amanzi, izixhobo zokufudumeza, izixhobo zokufudumeza ezivela kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zempompo. Isisombululo sokuphakama komgangatho oliqela sinikezelwa ekuphakameni kwemigangatho eliqela, amanzi avela emngxunyeni ephethwe kwii-hoses. I-hoses yomlilo yanamhlanje ikwangenziwa zizicubu zePolyester ezinamatyala ePolyurethane. Ii-ducts zomoya kwiinkqubo zokuphumelela kwe-test-tential
Ithini imihlaba yokusetyenziswa kwe-hoses? Nazi ezinye zazo:
sebenzisa kwi-plots zasekhaya (ukunkcenkceshela);
ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi (ukutya kwamanzi okanye i-reservoir);
ukufudumeza kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi okushushu (i-liner eguquguqukayo kwi-radiators kunye nabaxube);
ukuntywila, isaqhwithi kunye neenkqubo zokuntywila;
ukunikezwa amandla;
Ukungqubana nomoya;
Ukuhamba kwezinto ezininzi kunye neegesi.
Kuyenzeka ukwahlula ii-hoses zenkcazo yobugcisa: engaphelelanga (i-T3ATM) kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-135thm); Ngokwezinto ezizenziwe kuzo (ii-elastovers, i-thermoplastics, amalaphu akhethekileyo); ngobomi benkonzo (ukusuka kwiminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwele minyaka ili-15); Ngokutsho kobukhulu (12,5 ukuya kwi-600 mm).
Zeziphi izibonelelo zezinto ezihamba phambi kwemibhobho yeplastiki? Okokuqala, kubuchwephesha xa kufakwa. I-Hosses kwaneedayamitha ezinkulu zinokutshintsha okukhethekileyo kunye nobunzima. Kuyalula ukuyihambisa kwii-computers bay kwaye inyuse ngqo kwiziko. Okwesibini, iimpuku zinendla eziphezulu ezithelekiswa nemibhobho yeplastiki. Baye banento ebonakalayo kumgangatho wemibhobho kwizinto zePolymer-nxiba ukunganyangeki kunye nokuxhathisa kakhulu kumongameli woomatshini. Uyilo lwe-hoses luqinisekisa ukuba, ukongeza, ukugcinwa komphezulu wangaphakathi ogudileyo, ububanzi kunye nokusebenza ngemitya entsonkothileyo. Okwesithathu, iimpuphu ziphoswa ngokulula kwaye zinokusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nee-nozzles zenza ukuba zikwazi ukuyenza ngaphandle komzamo wokutshintsha ubumbeko lwenkqubo. Imidibaniso enokuphinda ifikelele kwi-hoses enokuthenjwa kwee-hoses zokuhambisa ulwelo kunye nezinto zobushushu ezivela ku-25 ukuya kwi-65c kunye noxinzelelo olusebenzayo ukusuka kwi-16 ukuya kwi-15thm.
Kodwa -Kwinkqubo yokufudumeza;
B. -Inkqubo zomoya kunye neegesi, igesi, umsi, amafutha;
Ngaphakathi -Uhlala kakhulu kwaye udinwa-ungaphili, ilungele ukususwa kwamasuntswana amancinci nezilwanyana ezinkulu nezingacocekanga;
G. - Liqine, kodwa iphosakele nge-spiral yensimbi yentsimbi.
Inkonzo yeWaranti yobomi be-hose esemgangathweni esemgangathweni yeplastiki ejolise ekuzongeni unxila xa kusebenza iminyaka emi-7 kuye kweli-15. Umphezulu wangaphakathi we-hose onjalo ugudile ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yokuba i-bandwidth iphakame kakhulu kunelo yerabha. Iimeko ezinqamlezileyo (kwindawo yokwakha, kwishishini), xa umphezulu wangaphakathi nowangaphandle kwe-hose uphoswe imithwalo ephuculweyo, inkonzo yaso, i-10. Uninzi lwee-hoses zeplastiki zenziwe kwi-Polyviny ye-phecvinyl chloride (PVC), ii-hoses zenziwa kwi-polyurethane. Kule meko, ukuqina komphezulu wangaphakathi ukuya e-I-Abrasion phantsi kwempembelelo yamasuntswana ngoomatshini kwii-hoses zeplastiki kunye nemibhobho iyafana. Uyilo lwezinto ezininzi zeplastiki zithetha ukuba kungenzeka ukuba ukungcungcutheka kwabo, kwaye abaphumi phantsi kwamavili emoto. I-hose yaqiniswa yisakhelo okanye eyenziwe ngezinto ze-polymeric ngememori yemolekyuli ibuyisela ifom kwaye ibuyele kwimo yokusebenza. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezakhelo ezinjalo. Uninzi lwazo, zivela kwi-PVC okanye intsimbi. Olunye uyilo oluqhelekileyo lwe-hose luqulunqwa-manani, ukunyanzeliswa kokunyanzeliswa kwecandelo lenziwe ngendlela yegridi yegridi ye-polyestera. Olu luyilo lwenza ukuba i-hose inganyangeki ngakumbi kwingcinezelo kunye neziphumo zoomatshini bangaphandle. Okokugqibela, kukho i-tepe-tepe-tepe -l yohlobo lwe-tepenel ye-teepes, amanzi apho ihamba ngaphezulu kweendlela ezintathu zeCylindlel Synels, i-monolimilthely yoqiniswa kwisiseko seplastiki. Ezi hoses zenzelwe ukutshiza kwamanzi okuhamba kwamanzi ngenqwelomoya ngexesha lokunkcenkceshela. Umphezulu wangaphakathi we-hoses yokuthuthwa kwamanzi okusela yenziwa malunga neeplasitiki zokutya ezithintela ukuphuculwa kwe-algae. Umgangatho ophezulu (ubungcali) iihosi eziza kusetyenziswa ngaphandle zikhuselwe kwimitha ye-ultraviolet ye-Ultraviolet.
Zonke iintlobo ze-hoses zeplastiki zilula ngokwaneleyo ukuba ziyokuchitha okanye inxeba kwimigqomo ekhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamnye umlimi ngamnye uyazi ukuba zeziphi iindawo ezinokupheliswa emva kokusebenza nge-hose ende kwicebo. Kuyavela, iconjululwe kwaye le ngxaki. Eyona nto ibizwa ngokuba yiyo yabachasi ikuvumela ukuba uphephe izinto ezininzi eziphazamisayo. Intambo ekhethekileyo ye-rigidinal eqinileyo ebandakanyiwe kuyilo lwe-hose eqinileyo ayivumeli ukuba ibandakanyeke, ijijeke kwaye ithintela ukwenzeka kweendawo. Ukulungisa i-hose enjalo, kuyashukumisa ngokufanelekileyo.
Abalimi baseRussia benza impazamo eqhelekileyo, bathenga okanye i-polyathylene injongo ekhethekileyo kwaye bayisebenzisa ngenxa yokusebenzisa izixhobo zokunkcenkceshela. Zihlala zenzelwe ukubeka iingcingo kunye neentambo kwikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi kwaye ukhuselo kumonakalo kwimibhobho kwizinto zePolymeric. Xa umphezulu wangaphakathi udinwe, ukuchasana kwamanzi kuwo kungaphezulu komda ovumelekileyo, ngenxa yezulu elivunyiweyo ligqitha kakhulu kwimingxunya yezinto eziphilayo kwaye ibonakale imingxunya ye-microscopic apho kuye kwenzeka khona imingxunya yamanzi.
Umbuzo wokuba kukho umgca ocacileyo phakathi kwe-hose kunye nombhobho wezinto ze-polymer akasonjululwa nakwelizingcali eziqwalasele ubuchule bokuguquguquka ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Inkcubeko ephezulu yomsebenzi wobume bomhlaba kunye ne-phytodizain, kunye netekhnoloji entsha yeziseko zokusekwa kwamanzi zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yeplasitiki eguqukayo. Ziindawo ezinamachaphaza anomgangatho ongaphakathi ogudileyo kunye nenkqubo ye-slots ye-slots, ekufuneka ivulwe xa ibeka i-hoses emhlabeni. Kumhlaba wesanti, baveliswa kwi-filter ye-geotextile, ngodongwe-ngohlobo lwefiltha engaphezulu kwi-coconut fiber, ejikeleza i-booty ephakathi kodongwe kunye netyhubhu.
Ngokwe-Logic yezinto, ii-hoses kufuneka zidlale imibhobho kwizixhobo ze-polymeric ngendlela ezinxulumene nayo. Ewe kunjalo, i-clasmp yeklasiki apho i-hose ilungisiwe kwindawo yokutshintsha, unxibelelwano alunakuthembeka kune-slold okanye ifunyenwe ngokutyisa. Nangona kunjalo, i-clomp efakelweyo ifake i-Clomp i-substral yoxinzelelo oluthile lwe-8-10 kwi-ATM. Ukongeza, kukho ii-adaptha ezikhethekileyo, iiadaptha, ii-tees, izixhobo ezivumela ukudibanisa ii-hoses kunye kwaye zidibanise nezixhobo, kunye nezixhobo ezininzi eziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqinisekileyo kweenkqubo ezinokuthenjwa kweenkqubo ezinokuthenjwa. Ezona zinto zinomdla-ziphuma njani kwiZiko le-MOSCOW "iZiko le-Ard-Plus". Ezi zizinto zobhedu ezivumela ukudibanisa ii-hoses ngenqanaba elifanayo lokunyaniseka apho i-thelymer kunye ne-polymer yentsimbi ixhunyiwe.
Zonke ii-hoses zokundwendwela ...
Ngelishwa, abavelisi basekhaya basaqhubeka nokunyanga ii-hoses njengemveliso yentsingiselo yesibini. Ke, nkqu nangokuvelisa iimveliso ezilungileyo ze-moscow "iplastiki" kwimiboniso imiboniso, i-Polythylene ehleliweyo iboniswa ngombala wothuli kunye neempawu zobugcisa ze-hose yeshawari kwaye imixube ayiboniswanga.
Ngaphakathi -Ikhomplate ezahlukeneyo zokungaphandle kwe-hoses zangaphandle neyasekhaya. Oku kungafakwanga nisezweni lokungenisa elizweni kubo bonke ubuqaqawuli bayo. Iliso lodidi lwemibala ye-hoses yesiNgesi, isiTaliyane, isiGrike, isiGrike, isiJamani, nesiJamani kunye ne-Turkish kunye ne-Turkish kunye ne-purkish kunye ne-fursing ye-bulshop ngale ntshukumo. Ngaphezulu kwe-400 ye-PVC hoses kunye nezinye izinto ze-polymeric eziveliswa yi-British Plesteble Dect Limited, inkampani yamaGrike i-Europe. Uvavanyo oluphezulu lwabathengi lufunyenwe zii-hoses ezinkcenkceshelayo ze-fitt ye-Itali. Hayi kunyaka wokuqala, umthengi Russian uye wanikela ukhetho olubanzi kakhulu yemibhobho zeplastiki kwakunye namathumbu ezisetyenziswa kuzo zonke iinkalo zokwakha kunye noshishino, inkampani waseJamani Unicor RochSystemEgmbh. Ukulawula imakethi kunye nenye i-frientec eqinileyo, ukuvelisa imibhobho kunye ne-hoses kwizixhobo ze-polymeric, kunye nezixhobo ze-welding kunye nokufakwa kwabo. I-Hoses yeenjongo zombane zinikezelwa kwiRussia nakwi-Itali yase-Itali ye-Itali.p.a. Inkxalabo yeDanish Vavin ithengisa imibhobho ye-rainage kunye nee-hors ezihlawulelwayo zokubeka i-carderks eRussia kunye ne-cis ukubeka inethiwekhi ye-cable ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Abavelisi baseTurkey nabathengisi bayasebenza, unobangela wokhuphiswano lwento ekungekho mveliso yabo kumgangatho weYurophu, kwaye ngamaxabiso asezantsi. Kwiklasi yayo, iimveliso zaseTurkey azikho bubi, ngakumbi ngokubhekisele kwixabiso. Nangona kunjalo, kufanele ukuba yaziwe ukuba zibalwe uxinzelelo lwe-3TM, umthwalo wobushushu obuphezulu yi-65c kwaye ungathathi ubushushu obungalunganga. Imveliso inikezelwa ziimveliso ze-therkish firmsplastic, firat kunye nezinye iinkampani. Kumboniso weempahla zaseSuth Korea eMoscow, uSejinco wacebisa imililo eyahlukeneyo ePooltera kunye nePolyserhane ngamaxabiso afanelekileyo. Ezi mveliso ziya kuthatha indawo yabo ye-tarp ye-tearp, ijikeleze rhoqo kunomnye umlilo.
Ayizizo kuphela iimveliso ezigqityiweyo eziza eRussia. Enye ye-gorden yokuqala ye-bavarbach yaqalisa ukubonelela ngentengiso kunye nokuqeshisa izixhobo zokuvelisa imibhobho eguquguqukayo kunye nee-hoses, ezibangela umdla omkhulu kumasolula waseRussia. Ngokucacileyo, ilizwe lethu liya kuvelisa uvelwano lwayo lweentlobo eziphambili ze-hoses kunye nemibhobho eguquguqukayo, esebenzisa ubuchwephesha bamanye amazwe neyasekhaya sele kwinkulungwane entsha. Le yindlela izinto ezikwindawo yasekhaya nelizwe "kunye nokusetyenziswa kweempuku.
Zingakanani ii-hoses?
Masithethe Ngokungqalileyo: Kabini-ezintathu ngaphezulu kwemibhobho yePolymer yedayitha efanayo. Isibonelelo sokusetyenziswa kwee-hoses sizimisele, nangona kunjalo, hayi ngendleko, kodwa amandla abo. Ixabiso le-1P / M le-hose enkcenkceshela, kuxhomekeka kubungakanani bobukhulu, ukusuka kwi-0.5 ukuya kwi-3 ukuya kwi-3, i-hose yokubonelela ngamanzi isuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-22, ye-22, isaqhwithi Iinkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi-ukusuka kwi-3.5 yeedola ukuya kwi-45, ngenxa yoncedo lwamandla - ukusuka kwi-0.5 ukuya kwi-3,5, ukusukela kwi-1 ye-ventilation-ukusuka kwi- $ 1 ukuya kwe-45, ukuya kwi-3.5 yeedola ukuya kwi-3.5.