Ukwenza njani ukwenza amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba

Sixela imigangatho yococeko, ukufaka kufakelo lwenkqubo yokutya, inkqubo yangaphakathi nangaphandle kwamanzi amanzi angaphantsi.

Ukungaphantsi kwamanzi kwigumbi elingaphakathi kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunokwahluka kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuvela kwabo. Ukuba ingaphezulu kunophawu lwelinga elingaphantsi, umswakama ibeka uxinzelelo kwisiseko. Ukunyuswa kwezikhukula zonyukayo, ngakumbi ekuweni kwengqondo nakwintwasahlobo ngexesha lezikhukula. Ngobunzulu obunzulu, ukubonwa okungapheliyo kwenzeka ngomaleko wekhonkrithi eqinileyo, ekhokelela kwintshabalalo yayo. Ukongeza, imozulu ichithwe egumbini. Ukumba kuvela kumphezulu, kwaye umoya ufumana ivumba elingathandekiyo. Sebenzisa igumbi elinje phantsi kwe-pantry okanye iworkshop ayifuneki, kuba izinto kunye neemveliso zinokungaziphathi kakuhle. Khusela iindonga kunye nomgangatho wekhaya esele eyakhiwe ingekabikho ngaphakathi. Xa ubeka isakhiwo, kufuneka itywine ngononophelo kwinxalenye yangaphandle yayo - emva kokuphela kolwakhiwo akuyi kubakho nto inokwenzeka.

Konke malunga nokungaphantsi kwamanzi kwigumbi elingaphantsi

Imigaqo kunye nemithetho

Inkqubo yokuntywila

• Kwi-celler
• Esitratweni

Ukulungiswa kwegumbi

Umyalezo wenyathelo ngenyathelo lokuzahlula phakathi

• Ukukhuselwa kweendonga
• Iifolamers

Umsebenzi wangaphandle

IMigangatho kunye nemithetho

Ukutywina isiseko kwizakhiwo, ezizinto zokwakha izindlu (IZhs), kufuneka zihambelane neemfuno ze-Snap 2.03.11-85.

• Ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi, kufanele ukuba ibe tywina, icoceke kwaye isondele kuzo zonke iibrown, isuse irmukile, ungcoliseko, i-influx yomxube wekhonkrithi.
• Ukulungiselela kwangaphambili umhlaba, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iprimer. Kule meko, umswakama wekhonkrithi akufuneki idlule kwi-4%. Ukunciphisa inqanaba layo, i-hairdys yokwakha, abalandeli abanamandla kunye nezitshisi ziyasetyenziswa.
• Iikona zivaliwe ngumaleko owongeziweyo wokuthintela ukuvuza kumalungu eebhloko. Ezi ndawo zisemngciphekweni omkhulu kwaye zifuna ukuqhubekeka ngononophelo. I-snip icebisa ukuba isebenzisa i-Hydroibhel. Ubungqingqwa obufunekayo buyi-2 cm.

Kwiigaraji, izakhiwo zekhaya, kunye nezindlu zelizwe, ezi mfuno azisebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, la manyathelo anceda ekususeni ukuvuza kunye nokufuma okuphezulu, nokuba imeko yezindlu kunye nokuqeshwa.

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Ukufakwa kwenkqubo ye-drainage yangaphakathi nengaphakathi

Ukomisa umgangatho kwigumbi elingaphantsi kunye nomhlaba kufutshane nendlu, qalisa unxibelelwano lokuhambisa amanzi.

Ukubeka unxibelelwano kwiCellar

Yenziwe xa ugqiba umhlaba.

• Ecaleni kweendonga, umsele ubunzulu obuyi-0.5 m.
• Ibekwe kumgangatho wakhe welitye elityumkileyo ngomaleko we-0,2 cm kwaye iphazamise.
• Umbhobho weplastiki ufakwe emseleni, ukuba negalelo kuyo kwinxalenye engezantsi yomgangatho. Ilulala phezu kwenkunkuma kwaye ivale ibha. Endaweni yombhobho, ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa amatye avulekileyo, avaliwe ngaphezulu kwegridi. Inkqubo enjalo isebenza ngakumbi. Imibhobho kunye nomgangatho womgangatho kufuneka ube nethambeka eliyimfuneko.

Ukuba ukuphakama kwe-phaling kuvumela, i-screenrof yamanzi yenziwa phantsi. Umbhobho okanye i-chute yahlukaniswa kwindawo eqhelekileyo yendlela yokwenza umsebenzi. Unikwa i-chaas encinci ekufezekiseni igalelo. Tshixa i-scred kufuneka iphakathi embindini ukuze embindini ayenziwa. Imibhobho inokubekwa nje ngeenxa zonke kwimiphetho, kodwa kuyo yonke indawo, ukubeka igalelo kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo.

Kwimeko apho ukunxibelelana nogesi akunakwenzeka, isitokhwe siyasuswa sisebenzisa impompo.

Ukukhuselwa komsosi wangaphandle wesakhiwo

Ngaphambi kokwenza amanzi kwigumbi elingaphantsi, kufuneka wenze iimeko zokubeka izixhobo. Isiseko kufuneka some. Ngokuhamba rhoqo kobethe ngaphakathi, ukungqengqeleka kuya kuncipha, kwaye kuya kutyunyuzwa kumphezulu. Ukusombulula ingxaki, kufuneka uthathe amanzi ezindongeni. Oku kuya kunceda ukulahla ukuvuza kunye nemeko yomonakalo kwi-imenteetor.

• Ukujikeleza kwesakhiwo ngokujikeleza i-0.4x0.4 m kwaye udibanise nomsele oqhelekileyo wokuntywila, ubekwe kwindawo okanye ngaphezulu. Kuya kufuneka wenze ithambeka ubuncinci kangangee-10 degrees ukuze amanzi ahambe, ngaphandle kokuhlala ngaphakathi.
• Emva kweemitha ezimbini, amaqula aqwalasele amaqula. Basebenza ukucoca le nkqubo. Ukuba wonyusa umgama phakathi kwabo, kuya kufuneka umbe imingxunya. Iindonga zequla zivaliwe yi-corugation.
• Imibhobho yeplasitiki eyathunyelwa ngumaleko we-geotextlexle ifakwe kwi-pita, kwaye ilala ngenkunkuma encinci. Kumalungu adityaniswe ngeminqamlezo. I-Geotextile ifuneka kwi-slick. Ngaphandle kwawo, inkqubo iza ngokukhawuleza imbambathi. Umhlaba uxhume phezulu.

Iindlela zinokwenziwa zivulekile, zifihle phantsi kwegridi yokuhlobisa okanye igridi eqinileyo, egqunywe ngaphezulu kwenkunkuma.

Ukulungiswa kwegumbi

• I-Andling AndroofProofProofProofProofProofProofProofProofProofProofPorting yangaphakathi iya kusebenza kuphela emva kokususa umswakama, ubumdaka kunye nerm. Xa unesithuku, uyakufuna impompo okanye impompo elula yequla. Kungcono ukuba enze ehlotyeni xa izikhukula ziphelelwe, kwaye iimvula zasekwindla aziseli nexesha lokugungxula umhlaba. Nokuba ukusoma ngokucokisekileyo, ubushushu buya kungena kwimifuno, eya kukhokelela ekukhuselekeni kokukhusela. Ukuba kukho ukufudumeza kwisiseko, kunokwenzeka ukuba ichithe ebusika.
• Igumbi liyangena umoya. Iindlela zokucoca umoya zicocwe inkunkuma kunye nee-faiders zangaphakathi. I-mesh eneseli ezincinci ezingatyetyisi amasebe kunye namagqabi awomileyo abekwe kwindawo yokuvula. Oku kwenziwe kwakhona ukuze ufumane i-rodents engagutyungelwa ngaphakathi. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo yokufihlakeleyo ukuze kufuneke ngakumbi. Imisebenzi inokwenziwa ngokuzimeleyo. Kwi-cottage enenkqubo ye-tube entsonkothileyo ukubala iiparamitha ezifanelekileyo kunye noyilo lweprojekthi, umbutho onobunjineli uya kufuneka. Yenza ngezandla zakho kunokufumana kuphela ingcali kuphela.
• Umphezulu ucinyiwe, imifula iyandiswa kwaye izaliswe ngeglue egxunyelweyo okanye umxube wesanti kunye nesamente. Ukuqalisa ukuphelisa ukubumba, isiseko siphathwa ngesisombululo se-antibacterial. Isetyenziswe i-lime ye-hasing okanye i-antiseptics ekhethekileyo kunye ne-primeiker i-primers ye-Brick kwaye yaqiniswa kwikhonkrithi.

Ukungqubana kwamanzi ngaphakathi komhlaba

Zininzi iindlela zokukhusela kubunzima kunye nokwahlula. Ukukhetha kwabo kuxhomekeke kubuchule bomhlaba kunye nokufuma kwawo. Ukuba iindonga zihlala zomile kwanaxa kwezikhukula kwaye zivuthile iimvula, unokulinganiselwa kuphela kukhuseleko lomgangatho. Kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko, kuya kuvalwa iindimbane ezithe nkqo.

Kuxhomekeka ekubeni ukufuma komswakama kuchaphazela njani ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo, ifumaneka phantsi komhlaba, sebenzisa iintlobo ezimbini zemiqobo.

Iindidi zokhuseleko

• I-Anti-Pillar - ikhusela ngokuchasene nobushushu ongena kwi-pores ye-Brick okanye iKhonkco.
• Engafundanga-yenzelwe ukuxhathisa izikhukula kunye neemvula ezinkulu.

Ukugubungela iindonga

Owona msebenzi wayo kukuvala imifula, ngakumbi kwiimbombo kunye neendawo zokuhamba. Ngenxa yoku, iindlela ezininzi ziyasetyenziswa.

• Izixhobo eziqengqelekayo kwaye ezisetyenzisiweyo zihlala zisetyenziswa i-bitumen mastic kunye nerabhu.
• I-PlasterAl Plasters-Ukuqulunqwa kwabo kufuneka kubandakanya i-polymer ye-elastic, ukuvala iipores.
• I-membranes ziifilimu ze-polymeric, ezinokufumaneka ngaphandle, kodwa kudlulisela izibini ngaphakathi. Ubungqingqwa beemilondi ezininzi kukuvumela ukuba uzisebenzise ukuze uzikhusele ngokusedwa kabini.
• Ifomu yenaliti ingeniswa kwi-Eletpied nge-allpiece njengeglue okanye i-foam.
• Ukungena i-intermations-faka umphezulu kunye neqhwa, ukudala umqobo ekusasazeni ubushushu.
• Irabha ye-lile-iqulathe i-bit.
• Iimveliso zeRibbon yiteyiphu enemikhono evela kwi-bitume okanye i-butber ye-butber yethungo ethudiweyo.

Ukubeka izinto eziqengqelekayo

Bachukumisekile kwi-flassies kwi-bimous the the astic theric. Iziqhulo ziyaxakeka kusetyenziswa i-subs ezingekho mthethweni. Le yenye yezona ndlela zilula kunye nezona ndlela ziphilayo, kodwa akufuneki zisetyenziswe kuxinzelelo olomeleleyo lwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba - ukungqubana kunokutshitshiswa. Ihlala isetyenziswa njengokhuseleko olongezelelweyo kwiindonga kunye nesini.

Iimveliso eziqengqelwe zikhonze kungekuphela nje kwi-Cellar ye-celler evela ngaphakathi kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Zihlala zibandakanyeka kumsebenzi wangaphandle.

Sebenza ngokungena kwi-tractions

Babandakanya isanti, isamente kunye neekowiti zeekhemikhali eziyonyusa iplastithi. Bayakwazi ukwenza umphezulu, bengena ngaphakathi nge-5 mm. Emva kokufaka isicelo, isamente sibambekile, senza iqokobhe elingenakufikeleleka.

Umxube uyimpumlo. Ayibaluleli imichitha enetyhefu kwaye ivunyelwe ukuba isebenzise nakwindawo yokuhlala yokuhlala.

Kukho iinkqubo ezimbi. Izinto zisetyenziswa ngeendlela ezimbini. Emva koko basabela kunye, benza i-gusmetic eqinileyo.

Isisombululo sibekwe nge-roller okanye ibrashi. Ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi, susa uthuli kwi-pore ye-rag yemithi kwaye uzomile nge-hairyer yokwakha.

Izixhobo zisetyenziswa kwizinto ezingama-2-3. Nganye elandelayo emva kokomisa eyadlulayo.

Iinkqubo ze-binary zigqitywe ukungena kwiZisombululo eziSebenzayo ngokuSebenza ngamaxesha amaninzi. Benza uqhagamshelo oluqinileyo neplastiki. Iqala isetyenziswa ngeglasi yolwelo, kwaye emva kweeyure ezintlanu ze-calcium chloride. Emva koko isiseko siphinda sigutyungelwe licandelo lokuqala.

Iglasi yolwelo ihlala isetyenziswa ngaphandle kwe-calcium chloride. Ikrokrela xa iqhwa kwaye yomeleza isakhiwo sentloko, siyenza inyanzelekile ekufumeni. Iglasi ilungele ukugqiba ukugqiba. Kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwaye kuncinci okungabonakaliyo ngasemva.

Ukubeka i-membrane

Ziyifilimu yerabha kunye ne-PVC ngobukhulu bee-2 mm. Ifilimu ine-bitumen ye-bitumed emqolo. Kwi-cellars ebandayo, i-membrane epdm ifanelekile.

Irabha kunye neplastiki zisebenza irabha enkulu. Bahluke ngokupheleleyo kuso kwaye musa ukudala imithwalo kwikhonkrithi. Zinokuqhotyoshelwa nangaphezulu eludongeni olumanzi. I-membranes kule meko ziqhotyoshelwe kwi-dolisowel. Umahluko ophambili kwiimveliso ezenziweyo zemveli zisebenza kakuhle.

I-canvases ethe nkqo kwaye ethe nkqo ijoyine ngokunamathela okuncinci. Ngaphandle, bavaliwe nge-geotextantis.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-tractionrations

Iindidi ezininzi zabela.

• Isamente-Yandisa amandla omatshini wesiseko.
• I-epoxy-bavala imingxunya eyahlukileyo ngexesha lokuvuza.
• I-Polyurethane kunye ne-Methyl Acrylate banda ngaphakathi kwemingxunya, bengena ngaphakathi.

Bahlula-hlulwe ngokuqinisa i-rocks, ukwandisa ukuthembeka kwezakhiwo ezithwele. Ubunzima be-gel yeplastiki buzisiwe ngaphakathi kwesiseko kwimingxunya yenziwa kuyo. Inaliti zenziwa zisebenzisa izixhobo ezizodwa. Izixhobo zentloko azikwenzi apha.

Irabha yerabha

Ilungele nasiphi na isizathu-ethe tye kwaye nkqo. Yenza ungqimba lwe-2 mm. Ngaphambi kokuba ungene ngaphandle kwamagumbi aphantsi kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba avela ngaphakathi usebenzisa esi sixhobo, kufuneka uqhelene nemiyalelo. Itekhnoloji yesicelo evela kubavelisi abahlukeneyo banokwahluka.

Ukulungisa kwangaphambili, i-prims ekhethekileyo isetyenziswa okonyusa i-clutch kunye nezinto. Irabha yerabha icinezelwe kwi-pores kunye nee-rocks, emva koko yomile. I-stred okanye i-plaster ithukile.

Sebenza kunye nodaka lokunganyangekiyo

Ziyakukhonza kuphela ngokugqitywa okubi.

• Isamente kunye nesanti-zahlukile kuncinci. Babandakanya ukongezwa kwee-bitume, iglasi yolwelo, amanye amacandelo onyusa ukuqina kunye nokunganyani kokufuma. Ungawalungiselela wedwa kwisamente ye-M400 okanye i-M500 rand kunye nesanti ye-quartz. Kwi-1 kg yesamente, i-2 okanye i-3 kg yentlabathi iya kufuneka. Umphezulu udlula i-Steam, evumela iindonga kunye nophahla "lokuphefumla". I-traspositions ikwathengiswa kwifom egqityiweyo. Babonakaliswa ngamandla aphezulu, amanembetheko okufanelekileyo.
• I-Asphalt-kunqabile ukuba isetyenziselwe izindlu zabucala, kuba kufuneka izixhobo zobungcali kufuneka zisebenze.

Ukhuseleko lomgangatho

Njengommiselo, kusenziwa iindlela ezimbini.

• Ukomeleza i-cie ivela kumxube wesanti. Ukusebenza kwayo kunyuka phambi kolondolozo lwePolymer onyusa ama-elasestity kunye nokuvala iipores.
• I-bitumen kunye neRubberoid, kunye ne-analogi yabo yanamhlanje - iLinocur kunye nabanye.

Ukucoca amanzi ongaphantsi komhlaba ngaphandle kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba

Ukukhusela ngaphandle kwemisebenzi ngokufanelekileyo kuneyangaphakathi. Ukongeza, kuyakuvumela ukuba ukhusele ubume bendawo engaphantsi komhlaba kwingcinezelo enamanzi aphantsi komhlaba. I-COORD engaphakathi ayikwazi ukujongana nalo msebenzi.

Imisebenzi yenziwa kwinqanaba lokwakha. Xa indlu yakhiwe, kuya kuba nzima kakhulu ukufumana kwinxalenye yayo engaphandle. Ngenxa yoku, kuya kufuneka kubiwe imingxunya ejikeleze umjikelezo wesakhiwo ngaphambi kokuba usekwe.

Ngokwesiqhelo, izinto eziqengqelekayo eziqengqelekayo zisetyenziswa, umzekelo, kuphela okanye imbaleki. Ukonyusa ubumbethe, umxholo ucociwe kwaye umhlaba. I-ruberoid ibekwe kwi-bitumen ye-bitumen igcwalisa zonke ii-elpties.

Ifilimu ye-polyethylene ifanelekile. Ngaphezulu kwinqanaba eliphezulu lomhlaba ophantsi kunye noxinzelelo olomeleleyo, kungcono ukuyibeka kwimilambo emithathu. Ngozantsi, kuya kwanela ukuba baphoswe isiseko sePolymer ye-bimous posmeric.

Ukonyusa ubomi benkonzo wezakhiwo ezisisiseko kunye nezixhasayo zegumbi elingaphantsi, baqhuba i-intersulfer yangaphandle. Kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba umswakama ngaphakathi kwesitena okanye ikhonkrithi ayikhupheli ebusika kwaye akazange akhule, etshabalalisa iindonga ze-pore. Ifanele ivalwe ngezinto ezinamacala omanzi kumacala omabini - kungenjalo umswakama ungabi semthungo emhlabeni nakwicala lokudonga.

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