Sahlalutya iikhathalogu zeenkampani ezinkulu ezikhulisa iiprojekthi zezindlu, zaza zabelela izinto eziphambili zexesha lethu.
Kule minyaka i-5-7 idlulileyo, inani leeprojekthi zeprojekthi ezigqityiweyo zezindlu zabucala ziye zanda kakhulu. Inyani yile yokuba abahlali abangakumbi be-tegackity bagqiba kwelokuba bahambele umzi. Nangona kunjalo, nkqu nakumbandela wokukhetha ekhaya, sibona imeko enomdla: i-project itsalelekile ngabaqeshi, kunye nemfuno yelungelo lokushicilela elidibanisa isitayile, ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kukhula kakhulu unyaka nonyaka. Yeyiphi imeko elawula isakhiwo sendlu namhlanje?
I-1 encinci njengendlela
Olona hlobo lusebenzayo lwemitha nganye yezindlu zaseYurophu nase-Asia kubonakala ngathi ifakwa ngokwemvelo. Umzekelo, eJapan, usapho lungadlula kwiimitha ezingama-20 kwiflethi. m. Kwintengiso yezindlu zaseRussia, ii-gcands zehlabathi zifumana impendulo xa uyila ikhaya kwaye ngoku sijonga ukuba kwiiprojekthi zanamhlanje kukho igumbi lokunqweneleka kakhulu. Bathathe indawo yezakhiwo ezimalunga neefom ezingqongqo, ngelixa zingaphelelwa zizigqibo ezinomdla. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ngenkcitho yokucwangciswa kwesizathu (iingcali, ngokuqinisekileyo, esebenzayo) nakwindawo encinci, kunokwenzeka ukuba ubeke zonke izinto zefanitshala kunye nezibonelelo. Abaqulunqi bazama ukuthintela imigca eyaphukileyo, ukunika izinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka kunye nokusebenza.
2 uyilo lophahla lwentlankulelo
Isisombululo esithandwayo njenge-tile yentsimbi sele ekwazile ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Akukho ndawo yokungafiki naphi na: Kwiikona ezininzi zaseJamani kunye neNetherlands, umxholo kunye nombala wophahla lubalela abasemagunyeni okanye abanini bebala. Sinemithetho enzima enzima, ngethamsanqa, hayi, ke iiprojekthi zangoku zezindlu zahlulahlulwe eluphahleni. Inomdla wokwazi ukuba kumaza okukhangela izisombululo zoqobo, abaqululi bayanda ukubuyela kwi-Coning Count Coning Count. Kwiminyaka ye-Xix, uphahla lwentsimbi olunesinyithi lwalungumnini womnini wale ndlu. Kodwa kunye nexesha lezinto ezintsha zaqala ukuvela: Igqabi le-Slate, i-Galvancise Wave, izixhobo ezithambileyo ...
Namhlanje, uphahla olusongamileyo lukhathazekile malunga nokuzalwa kwesibini. Le yenye yezoyilo zibalwa ngokuziphatha kunye neenjineli, kunye nabaqulunqi. I-teastinari iyazi ukuba i-falsa njengoqhagamshelo yenye yeendlela ezinokuthenjwa ukuqinisekisa uphahla lwezinto zokuqina iminyaka emininzi. Ngamanye amagama, igama lokusebenza ngokungacwangciswanga logoba ngokwalo lilingana nentsimbi enziwayo kumaphepha. Abaqulunqi bafana nemigca ecocekileyo yolu hlobo lophahla- bangenayo naliphi na iprojekthi yeNdlu. Ukongeza, abavelisi abakhulu abafumani siqinisekiso esikhulu sezisombululo, kodwa nangokuhambelana nowahlukileyo. Umzekelo, kuluhlu lwe-severtal, kukho uthotho oluthile lwezixhobo zophahla ezigodukayo: zidityanisiwe. Ngendlela, lo ngomnye wabavelisi abambalwa abavelisa uphahla ngokwe-Gost kwaye banika isiqinisekiso esivela kwisiphelo sokuphela ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-50.
Ulwakhiwo lwezinto zaqala ukusebenzisa zombini ezi tudels: Zijonge ngokugqibeleleyo i-Stylistry I-Indornhouse (ekhaya yeendlela ezilula ezazibonakaliswa ngaphambili zezakhiwo zoqoqosho).
I-Anatoly Poken, ingcali eluphahleni eneminyaka engama-25 yamava:
Xa ukhetha umxholo wophahla olusongelayo lubaluleke kakhulu ukuba lunikele ingqalelo kwiimpawu zalo. Ubungqingqwa besiseko sentsimbi, isixa se-zinc kunye nohlobo lwePolymer Coating choiling yophahla olusongelayo, ukuchasana nokuvezwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nobomi benkonzo. Akubalulekile kangako ukuba isinyithi sabavelisi abakhokelayo abakhokezekileyo, njengendawo yokuhlala, ihambelana neempawu ezibhengeziweyo kwaye zize. Umzekelo, isiqinisekiso ngokuchasene nokuchithwa kwesiphelo se-Sheltk "I-Sheel yeSteel Sheet - i-0.5 mm, i-bincras-thster ye-rolyerters) kunye ne-velves egudileyo Ii-microns ezingama-30) ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-25. Kabini iwaranti yeRenter "I-Steel Cashmere" ngesininzi se-zinc - 275 g / m², kunye ne-polylidthane elula okanye yePolyturethane.
I-3 imigangatho emincinci
Elinye ilifa lexesha leSoviet, enee-enchees ezinemilinganiselo emide kwisakhiwo sendlu, ngumnqweno wokulingana kwindawo enokwenzeka kwindawo esemgangathweni. Kungenxa yoko le nto imigangatho yezindlu zelizwe yayiqinile (edityanisiwe kuphela ngamanqanaba), kwaye iziseko kwinqanaba le-2,5-2.7 le-M alibanga nazintloni.
Kuba ubomi belizwe bunxulunyaniswa nentuthuzelo, kuninzi okutshintshileyo. Ngoku kwiikhathalogu ze-Bureaude ezinkulu Oreayi uya kufumana iiprojekthi ezininzi zezindlu eziphakamileyo zentsebenzo yomntu ngamnye. Akukho zithintelo ezithe tyaba-nkqu nophahla lugutyungelwe ziilegs. Ke ufumana indawo eyongeziweyo, enobuncinci begumbi, yenza ukuba ibenzi, yongeza umoya ".
Inketho yokulalanisa ligumbi lokuhlala elinesilingi esiphezulu kunye nomgangatho wesibini, ohlala kuphela kwinxalenye yendawo yokuqala.
I-4 yepaneramic
Eminye iminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo, iiprojekthi ezinepeloramic zinokuphinda ziphinde zenzeke kwiminwe. Kukho izizathu ezibini zoku. Okokuqala, nkqu nakwizizukulwana ezitsha zaseRussia ngenyameko ezikhutshiwe: akukho migqwithi enkulu, kuphela iminyango, iingcingo ezingevayo, njl. Okwesibini, kwakungekho nzima ukuvelisa ifestile yepeyinti. Ke ngoko, ezo zisombululo zazibiza kakhulu kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zorhwebo.
Namhlanje, kwiiprojekthi zezindlu ongadibana nazo iiglasi ezinkulu, kodwa neyoyini kunye ne-arebacks okanye ii-angles zeglasi! Akukho mfuneko yokuba nexhala lokuba nexhala: Uninzi lweelali lukhuselekile kakuhle, ngaphandle koko, i-inshurensi yezindlu zelizwe kunye nepropathi ikhokelela kumkhwa.
I-5 yeendawo ezinkulu ezikhanyisiweyo
Ubomi belizwe bahlukile kwidolophu, ukuba ungavalwanga "ibhokisi" .. Ukuba akude kangangezihlandlo ezithandwayo zabahlali zelizwe abazithandayo, namhlanje kukho iindawo ezinkulu eziphezulu kwiiprojekthi zeZindlu. Banokufakelwa isitulo esinyibilikayo okanye i-barbecue- esi sisisombululo esisebenzayo nesomhlaba esinokuphakamisa inqanaba lakho lokuthuthuzela kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ngendlela, kusoloko kungekho manyathelo kunye netrekhi kwi-terrace onokuthi uhlale uphume kwi-slipper yasekhaya. Abahlali bomtya ophakathi waseRussia bathanda ukuqhubeka bencedisa i-terrace ngokutsala nzima ukuyisebenzisa ngokulula kwanaxesha lokuphumla. Kwangelo xesha, ukuba uhlalutyile iiprojekthi zangoku, i-glazing zihlala zenziwa ngendlela yokutsala iifreyimu zokutyibilika kuzo zonke ubude beendonga. Ezo zinto zinokuvulwa kwimozulu elungileyo kwaye zinandipha umoya omtsha kunye nezimvo ezimangalisayo.
