Sindixelela ukuba uqwalasele xa ukhetha uhlobo lweSiseko kunye nezoyilo zilungile.
Uyilo luxhomekeke kubunzima besakhiwo, ekufuneka naye ekwazi ukumelana, kwiimpawu zomhlaba kunye nokwenziwa kwazo. Zichaphazela impembelelo yemozulu, ubunzulu bobunzulu, inqanaba lokuthantamisa kwindawo yokwakha. Kwindawo enye, inokwahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeka apho indawo yokwakha ifumaneka khona - kwindawo esezantsi okanye kwindawo ephakamileyo, kufutshane nendawo ephezulu ukusuka kuyo. Icandelo lezoqoqosho, lula, ukubakho kokuhlala izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kwicebo. Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba bangaphi abantu abaya kusebenza kwiziko. Kuya kufuneka babe nexesha lokugalela ikhonkrithi de balibambe, ungayifaka ngokulula ibhloko enzima, cwangcisa inkqubo ukuze ingaphazamisi nabani na. Ukwenza isiseko phantsi kwegaraji ngaphandle kwamava, ngaphandle kwamava omsebenzi, ufuna umyalelo wenyathelo ngenyathelo.
Isiseko segaraji ngezandla zakho
Iipropathi zomhlaba- Ukwakhiwa kwezimlo
- Umswakama kunye namanzi onyaka
Isiseko seplate
Ulwakhiwo lweRibbon
Izibonda kunye neepiles
Ukhetho oluhlanganisiweyo
Uhlalutyo lomhlaba xa ukhetha uhlobo lwesiseko
Ngaphambi kokwenza igaraji yegaraji, kufuneka uqwalasele iimpawu zomhlaba - le yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo xa ukhetha uyilo. Ukuba ithambile kakhulu kwaye ihamba ngefowuni, kuya kufuneka ubeke isiseko esinzulu ngoqikelelo olomeleleyo olunika ukuguquguquka. Kwindawo enamatye amileyo onokukwenza ngaphandle kolu lukhulu. Iimpawu zomhlaba zichaphazela ukwakhiwa kwezimbiwa zayo kunye nokufuma.
Ukwahluka kweeminerali
Kwiqela elahlukileyo, unokukhetha i-stony kunye nesanti. Baphethe ukuhamba okuphantsi kwaye bagcina ubunzima kakuhle. Xa bezisebenzisa, akukho sidingo sokumba imigibe enkulu okanye inqaku elikhulu. Ubunzulu bokungeniswa kule meko ngumndilili we-0.8 m. I-chip ye-chip kunye nelitye eliqhekezayo lihlulahlula umthambo ophezulu ophetheyo. Isanti ikwanobunzima obufunekayo kunye nozinzo. Kumgaqo ophakathi, isetyenziswa kunye nenkunkuma ukwenza umqamelo ukhusela ngokuchasene neziphumo zamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye nokucima ishedform, elenzekayo xa kufakwa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Kule mimandla, udongwe, imihlaba ye-peat, iinkampu zilawulwa. Ukuba wakhe ngqo kubo, ulwakhiwo aluyi kuba nexesha elide.
Kule ntlobo ingentla, ukuhamba okuphezulu kubonakaliswa. Babambelela kakuhle amanzi, ethi, ukwanda xa kuqalisa, kucinezelwa kolwakhiwo lwasezantsi. Entwasahlobo, xa umkhenkce wekhephu, inkqubo yenzeka. Olu xinzelelo aluyi kuwunyamezela isiseko nokuba kukho ukuqiniswa komelezwe. Ngaphantsi kwale meko, kuyafuneka ukuhlawula ingqalelo efanelekileyo kwinqanaba lokuzonwabisa. Kufanele ukuba ngaphantsi kwenqanaba lokukhulula.
Ukufuma ngokusisigxina kunye namanzi okwethutyana
Le nto ayidlali indima ebalulekileyo ukuba ulwakhiwo luqhutywa ematyeni okanye isanti. Kumtya ophakathi, apho kulawulwa khona, yenye yezona zibalulekileyo ekubaleni. I-Clay ivala ubushushu obutshabalalisa isiseko ngexesha lokukhululwa kwexesha elithile. Ukongeza, iyablimela, ibangela ukuvela kwezinto. Le meko iyanda kwintwasahlobo nasekwindla xa inyibilika, kwaye ngakumbi ukuwa kwamaxesha amaninzi. Eyona nto inzima kukuba kweyelenqe eliphantsi elingaphantsi, ngakumbi kufutshane nomfula okanye ichibi, okanye kwindawo yes swampy. Ukusombulula ingxaki, kufuneka usele itshaneli ye-crainage.Ukufumanisa ukuba kufutshane kangakanani umphezulu ngamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, kuhlala kuyi-fururta - umngxunya omxinwa. Kule, i-auger isetyenziswa okanye isixhobo se-Inurgy okanye ifosholo. Ubunzulu besiseko esiphantsi kwegaraji kufuneka ibe ngaphezulu kwenqanaba labo ubuncinci i-0.5 m.
Isiseko seplate
Isiseko esihlawulelwayo sinokusetyenziswa kuyo nayiphi na imeko kwaye sinokumelana neendonga ezinzima kakhulu. Yinto ethe tyaba eyomeleleyo yokuqiniswa kwekhonkrithi esekwe kumphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwenqanaba lokukhulula. Ukungancedisi kwisigqibo esinjalo kukuntsonkotha-ubunzima bezinto zokubala kunye nomsebenzi. Konke oku kuhlawula ukuqina kunye nokuthembeka. Le projekthi ibhekisa kudidi lwentsokothileyo kwaye lixabiso elibi. Kuyadingeka kuphela xa ezinye iindlela zingafanelekanga. Isiseko sinokusetyenziswa njengomgangatho, esenza ukuba sikwazi ukugcina ixesha kunye nezinto zokwakha. Indalo yayo yenzeka ngamanqanaba aliqela.
Umyalelo wenyathelo ngenyathelo
Okokuqala, le ndawo ibekwe ngentambo eboshwe kwizigcawu. Emva koko benza umqamelo ukusuka kwisanti yokuphakama kwe-10 cm. Ukusuka ngasentla, ilitye elityumkileyo linobungakanani be-3-5 cm kwi-rouder ye-3-5 kumhlaba, kunqweneleka ukwandisa izihlandlo ezibini . Ukuze umqamelo akazange anikezwe, inkcenkceshelwa kwi-hose kunye netywina elinesitamu. Kuyenzeka ukuba uzakhile ngokwayo kwi-hassist egcwele, ithengise isibambiso kuyo.
I-perimeter yakhiwa ngumsebenzi ovela kwiiplanga ngobukhulu bee-3 cm. Ukuze isisombululo asisiki, yomelezwa yimivalo ye-perperm kunye ne-backups. Kwimiphetho, umhlaba uyangenelwa. Ukusuka ngaphakathi, i-forwork ifakwe kwi-polyethylene. Emva koko kwazenziwa iliso. Ezantsi igutyungelwe nge-geotextats, emva koko ithulula isisombululo sekhonkrithi se-M100 Brand. Umaleko akufuneki ngaphezulu kwe-2 cm. Emva kokubekwa, ukungqengqeleka kuphathwa ngokuqulunqwa kwamanzi. Ihlala isebenzisa i-bitumen kule nto.
Emva komile, ukungcungcutheka kwamanzi kuqalisa ekudalweni kwesakhelo se-winreciment. Zimbini iigridi ezibekwe ngaphezulu nangaphantsi, zibotshwe ngeentonga zentsimbi. Icandelo labo elineplate ubude be-20 cm kufuneka ubuncinci ibe yi-1 cm, ngobungqingqwa be-30 cm-1.6 cm. Iintonga zilungiswe kusetyenziswa inyathelo le-20-25 cm. Isakhelo kufuneka singene kumxube ubunzulu obuyi-5 cm. Kule ndawo kwiziko elikhethekileyo leplastiki.
Ukuzaliswa kwenziwe ngexesha - kungenjalo iqhekeza lepleyiti yesiseko linokwenzeka. Ukutywina umbandela, i-vibrator enzulu isetyenziswa okanye i-rieding rod.
Ulwakhiwo lweRibbon
Lulwandlalo lwenziwe ngookwenzayo, okanye uqokelelwe kwiibhloko. Ibekwe kufutshane nomjikelezo wegaraji kwaye isebenza njengenkxaso kudonga lwayo. Ilungele kakuhle zonke iintlobo zemihlaba, ngokuxhomekeke kwi-odolo engaphantsi.
Ukutshixwa okuncinci kusetyenziswa kuphela kwizakhiwo ezinamacala amancinci ngaphandle kwegumbi elingaphantsi. Umhlaba kufuneka ube nodongwe oluncinci kwaye ube nompu ophantsi okanye ophakathi ophakathi. Olu khetho lucetyiswa kuyo nayiphi na imimandla, kubandakanya emantla, apho ubunzulu bobungakanani bugqithile kwimitha enye. Oku kuchazwa yinto yokuba ayicetyiswa ukumba umhadi omkhulu wesakhiwo esingahlali. Esi sigqibo sidibana rhoqo. Inenzuzo enkulu kwaye ihlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno ze-And kunye nentembeko.
Ukuba ifowuni yomgodi wokujonga icwangcisiwe, ukuphakama kweendonga zayo kufanele kube kweyemitha.
Ukukhetha izinto
- I-Slagoblocks-Faka isicelo Gqibezela. Ababizi kwaye banamandla aphezulu ecinezelayo. Izinto ezingalunganga ziquka ukuxhathisa okuphantsi kwimithwalo enqamlezayo kunye nokunganyangeki komswakama okrwada, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ingafanelekanga kumhlaba onamanzi odongwe.
- Iibhlokhi ze-foam - zinezinto ezinokungalunganga. Banengxaki encinci kwaye balungele ukuqhubela phambili. Inqaku labo elahlukileyo ziimpawu ezilungileyo ze-insulting. Ilungele izakhiwo ezilula.
- Iibhloko ze-ceramnzite zikhuselwe kakuhle kubanda, kodwa zithwala kakubi imithwalo. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu le-pores evulekileyo, ukunyanzelwa kwamanzi kuyafuneka. I-Ceramnzi inzima ukuyiqhubela phambili. Xa usika, uyakhala, esenza umda ongalinganiyo.
- Ukuqiniswa kwikhonkrithi yinguqulelo yendalo iphela, ekuvumela ukuba usete inkcazo ngokubanzi. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, ukongeza, ukudala i-pores, ukucotha okanye ukukhawulezisa uburhasi obunokwaziswa kumxube. Inkonzo yayo yenkonzo yiminyaka eli-150, enamaxesha amabini ngaphezulu kokhetho oludlulileyo kunye nezihlandlo ezithathu ngaphezulu kwesitena.
Ungayigalela njani isiseko segaraji
Ukuqonda ukuba loluphi uphawu olufunekayo kwisiseko segaraji, kufuneka ubone ukuba yeyiphi imilinganiselo eyimfuneko. Kwisanti kunye nelitye, i-M200 kunye ne-M250 Iimpawu ze-M250 zisetyenziswa, kudongwe - M250 kunye ne-M300. Ukuphakama kophawu, ukuphakama kwamanzi, ke, i-M300 isetyenziswa ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwezingaphantsi. Ngobunzima beendonga ezincinci kunye nobunzulu beendonga zokuxhonywa ukuya kwi-0.3 m, m150 ifanelekile. Kwimimandla esemantla, kungcono ukusebenzisa umxube kunye noongezelelo olonyusa iplastiki. Inqanaba eliphezulu lamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, ukwenziwa kwamanzi kufuneka kwenziwe. Kumxube onokuthi ufake i-hydrophobic onsonmes.
Okokuqala kufuneka uchonge ubungakanani, ubunzima besakhiwo, iipropathi zomhlaba. Emva koko kufuneka ubale zonke iiparamitha zesiseko kunye nenani lezinto zokwakha eziyimfuneko ukuze uyila. Xa kugqityiwe ukubalwa, kuya kufuneka kulungiselelwe icebo, ukuba kunokwenzeka, likhulule kuyo yonke into eliya kuphazamisa umsebenzi. Kucetyiswa ukuba ucinge kwangaphambili indawo yezixhobo ezizodwa kwaye icace indawo ye-whohoung.
Indawo iphawulwe ngezibonda kunye nentambo, yolule phakathi kwazo. Zifakwe kumacala omabini omjelo olandelayo ohambelana naye. Ububanzi bayo buyi-40 cm, ubunzulu buyi-50 cm.
Ezantsi igutyungelwe ngumqamelo wesanti ngobukhulu obuyi-20 cm. Ukuze inganiki fuzini ngexesha lolwakhiwo, itywina ijezi yamanzi kwi-jese. Ukusuka phezulu, igravel okanye ityunyuzwe ngumaleko we-10 cm. Emva koko, umsebenzi wenziwe ngeeplanga nge-3 cm. Kufuneka inyuke ngaphezulu kwe-25 cm. Yomeleza umhlaba kwimivalo. I-jumpers ingenziwa phakathi kweendonga, zinezipikili. Ukuze iiplanga azinanzakala, kufuneka zikhokelwe yimivalo ethe nkqo.
Xa i-forkork ilungisiwe, ezantsi kunye nodonga olungaphantsi lweendonga zenziwe nge-polyethylene okanye irabhasi. Isakhelo sokuqiniswa siqokelelwa kwintonga enecandelo le-0.8 ukuya kwi-1.5 cm. Baxhunyiwe kunye nocingo oluzinzileyo. I-LongItudinal ivunyelwe ukusuka ezantsi ejikeleze imiphetho, ukuguqulwa okugqithileyo kubo ngenyathelo le-20 cm. Kumhlaba oshukumayo, isakhelo esikhulu se-rods esine-deridedinal siyadingeka. Endaweni yokutshintsha, amabikethi wentsimbi enecandelo lomnqamlezo ojikelezayo asetyenziswa rhoqo. Ukuze inyibiliki ingaqhagamshelana nendalo, isakhelo senziwa kwiiraphu zeplastiki. Kufuneka iphinde ithathelwe ingqalelo kwisisombululo kubunzulu obuyi-3 ukuya kwi-5 cm.
Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izixhobo ziyafumaneka, kwaye akukho nto iphazamisayo ekuhanjisweni kwesisombululo kumhadi. Ukuba ilori izisa, kufuneka unakekele ukuba angangena kwicebo. Ilula ngakumbi ukusebenzisa umxube wekhonkrithi. Isisombululo kufuneka sibekwe kwangoko - kungenjalo kuya kuvela i-crocks.
Emva kokugcwaliswa kwemozulu eshushu, iinxalenye ezivela kwi-protiding zingcono ukuvala ngefilimu okanye ezinye izinto, kuba ukubonakala kunokubonakala njengesiphumo se-speinkige engeyiyo iyunifomu. Isisombululo sifumana amandla angacacanga kangangeeveki ezine. Uya kuba nakho ukumelana nobunzima bomntu ngeentsuku ezilishumi, kodwa ukwakha kwakho kuya kufuneka kuhlehliswe kude kube set.
I-Pile Fund
Isiseko se-pile siyayimfuneko ukuba ulwakhiwo luqhutywa kwimihlaba eshukumayo, kwaye ulwakhiwo lunobunzima obukhulu. Ukuqhuba iipile kuyakufuna ubuchule obukhethekileyo. Kukho esinye isisombululo. Izibonda zingenziwa ngezandla zakho kwicebo.
Kumjikelezo wamaziko azayo, kuyimfuneko ukumba imingxunya i-50x50 cm ngobunzulu be-75 cm. Ifanele ilungiswe kumgama omnye omnye komnye. Ezantsi, isanti igutyungelwe ngomaleko we-20 cm kunye nejethi yamanzi iqhubile. Kwimiphetho kukho umsebenzi ophuma kwi-sperits ze-plywood okanye iibhodi. Kufanele ukuba yenziwe ngaphezulu komhlaba kangangesiqingatha semitha. Kuyomelezwa kuwo onke amacala, malunga nemiphetho echaseneyo iqiniswe ngama jumpers. Ngaphakathi kubekwe ngekhefu lentsimbi ehlanganisiweyo kwaye likhukuliswe ngesisombululo.
Idityanisiwe
Yindibaniselwano yeteyiphu kunye nekholamu. Umsele obenzi nge-40 cm ububanzi bamba ujikeleze i-perimeter. Kuyo, imitha enye yenziwa kuyo ngenqanaba lemitha enye ukuya kwiimitha ezimbini. Banokujikeleza okanye bakwere kwaye babe nobubanzi ngaphezu komsele. I-phuls emxinwa ezinqabileyo zenziwa kusetyenziswa i-bora yencwadi.
Ezantsi yanelisekile ngumqamelo wentlabathi. Umsebenzi unokusebenza njengempahla eqinileyo yokuqalisa amanzi, uqengqeleka kwi-roll, okanye ityhubhu yedayitha efanelekileyo. Kwikholamu yokujikeleza, isakhelo sentsimbi eyenziwe ngeentonga ezithe nkqo kunye nobubanzi be-0.8-1.5 cm. Ibonelelwa ngeentonga kunye ne-wire ngekhonkrithi ephambili kunye nekhonkrithi ephambili.