Sichaza ukuba zeziphi izinto zoqikelelo ezifanele zichithwe, kwaye xa ukuncitshiswa kweendleko kuyingozi. Kwaye ukhawuleze kwaye ube neentsomi ezi-4 ezidumileyo malunga nezindlu zeplani.
Ixabiso le-1 M2 yefom, eyakhiwe kwiTekhnoloji yaseKhanada (kunye ne-Danada ye-Cam kunye nokufakwa kweendonga kwinkqubo yokwakha), namhlanje iyahluka kwi-rubles ye-1500-4500 ye-ruble. I-1 m2. Umahluko mkhulu kuba iinkampani ezininzi ezinkulu zinika izindlu kumabakala amabini-3. Babizwa ngokwahlukileyo: "Uqoqosho" kunye "nentuthuzelo", okanye "ilizwe" kunye "ebusika", okanye "umgangatho" kunye "nesidima". Iifemu zokwakha zinokubuya kwiimfuno ze-SP 31-105552 kunye neminye imigangatho, kuba ubumbeko lwahlukahlukana ngokugqibeleleyo okanye uphawu lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Emva kokuwa kwi-rod yokuloba kwintengiso, unokwakha indlu ephantsi yokuphila nangehlobo.
Isakhelo sihlala siqokelelwa kwiibhodi ezingama-500 mm.
Ukufuma kwabo kuya kukhangelwa itsheki ngemitha yombane.
Ngelixa isakhelo asibotshwanga, asiqine ngokwaneleyo, kwaye somelezwe okwethutyana
Yintoni enokugcina xa wakha indlu ye-skeleton
1. Kwizinto ezizezolimo
Ukuncitshiswa kweendleko, ngaphandle kokuncama ukuthuthuzelwa kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo, okokuqala, ukwaliwa kwe "indawo yokwakha i-Arcenies, i-Lug-free. Khetha indlu yoxande ngophahla olulula olulula. Kuya kunceda ukuyihlola ngaphandle kweendleko ezingeyomfuneko, ukudityaniswa ngokufanelekileyo kweentyatyambo kwindawo esecaleni, kunye nezinto ezisebenzayo - ii-porch, ii-porch, eziphezulu (eziphezulu eziphezulu iindlela zamanzi.2. Kwiprojekthi nganye
Ukuthenga iprojekthi eqhelekileyo kuya kunika imali enkulu, kuba indleko yeloyilo nganye imalunga ne-ruble i-ruble. I-1 m2.
3. Ukugqitywa kwexabiso
Kufanelekile ukushiya ukugqiba kwexabiso eliphezulu, njengokuvalelwa kunye neCenoker okanye ilitye. I-PVC ibeka (kubandakanya ilitye) okanye iBhodi yeForfead iya kuxabisa amaxesha ama-3-5 i-Fieper.4. Kwiinkonzo zabaThelili
Okokugqibela, unganika isixa esikhulu ngokwala iinkonzo zabalimi. Kodwa le ndlela ifuna ukulungiselela okunzulu, ixesha kunye nomzamo: kuya kufuneka ufumane izinto ngokuzimela kubavelisi, ukufuna abasebenzi, ukulawula onke amabakala okwakha.
Isakhelo somgangatho wokuqala kufuneka siyilwe ukuze ukuphakama kokuhlala kwespings ubuncinci buyi-2,7 m (kule meko, kuyimfuneko ukuthathela ingqalelo ubukhulu bezakhiwo kunye ne-Plated Premitlap).
Imilibe yodonga lomgangatho wesibini (semantic) inokuba nobude obuyi-1.5-2 m
Yintoni engenakuyigcina
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezondolozo azizithethi ngokwabo, njengoko iimpazamo zesakhiwo esinamagqabi zibandakanya. Ke, akukho nto ilungileyo ayiyi kuphuma kumnqweno wokukhulisa isiseko (siza kubuyela kulo mbuzo kwinqaku) okanye isiseko sodonga.1. Izixhobo ze-carcass
Kwiimarike zokwakha zithengiswa ikakhulu yi-sumpty yendalo, rhoqo malunga ne-100% (ukulinganisa le parameter iya kunceda i-compaction meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter meter mid). Ebusika, iibhodi ze-ice cream, kwaye aziyi kuba nakho ukomisa ngaphandle. I-AM, yinto enjalo ehlala iye kwisakhelo seendonga, imiqadi yokugqobhoza kunye neerall. Yintoni esongela ntoni? Okokuqala, into yokuba ngaphakathi koyilo olubi olunamandla, iibhodi ezikrwelayo ziya kujikeleza, kwaye umnxibelelanisi onxibelelana naye unxibelelana kakhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ukhuphele ukuvimba iinxalenye ezinokukhokelela kwimbonakalo yezithuba ze-G-kunye ne-T-mids, oko kukuthi, i-slots, apho kuvuthuza khona.
Ngokwe-Geenting Gentity 31-10502002, izinto zesakhelo sodonga kufuneka zenziwe kwiplanga eyomileyo. Umgaqo awufanele ukubuyela kule nto, ngakumbi kuba akunakulindeleka ukuba igcine ibalulekileyo (kwisikali soqikelelo) isixa. Ukusetyenziswa kweenkuni kwisakhelo seNdlu ye-120 m2 (kubandakanya iBeams kunye neeRafters) ayidluli kwi-6 m3, kunye nomehluko kwixabiso le-ruble i-ruble.
Isakhelo sisiseko sesakhiwo, kwaye, ukuba iguqukele singathembeki, singapheli kulungiso olunzulu lwabasebenzi, kodwa kunokuba njalo, kuya kufuneka uyikhele ngokupheleleyo indlu.
Isiseko sendonga kufuneka sincitshiswe ngokukhawuleza malunga nophahla, emva koko liya kuthi liqale ukufudumeza, i-facade kunye nomsebenzi wangaphakathi.
Inyathelo le-racks zesakhelo ikhethiwe ngendlela yokuqinisekisa amandla, ukongeza, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufakelwa, kwenziwe inkunkuma encinci
2. Ukufakelwa
Isiphoso esibanzi sabakhi sizalisa iindonga ze-interfation, zenzelwanga ezi njongo. Namhlanje, akunakuphikiswa ukuphakanyiswa kobushushu obuphakathi. Iimveliso ezizodwa zimelwe ikakhulu-ukuba i-suble yokufakelwa, ngaphezulu, ubungakanani kunye nophahla olucekeceke, izahlulo zangaphakathi.
Iindonga zeZimbiwa zeendonga zezakhelo zihluleke ngoxinano olubalulekileyo (ngaphezulu kwe-50 kg / m3), kukho ukongezwa okuthile okunyusa ubuchule. Enkosi kule, ngexesha lobomi benkonzo oqikelelweyo (ubuncinci iminyaka engama-30), abayinikeli i-fund. Ukuba ugcwalisa iindonga, umzekelo, ukuntywila okuqhutywa kwi-overlaps (kuyinto ethe tyaba kuneipleyiti ze-elastic), emva koko ukubonakala kuya kuvela kungekudala ngaphakathi koyilo-iibhulorho ezibandayo ziya kuvela. Ngokuphathelele ubungqingqwa bokufakelwa, kufuneka bumiselwe kummandla othile ngokweendawo ezidibeneyo ze-50.13330.20.20.2. Kumgaqo ophakathi, iimfuno zalo mgangatho zihambelana neendonga, i-insulari yoboya obunobunzima obuyi-150-200 mm, isiseko se-overlap kunye nophahla (i-atlap ye-Atlap) ingama-200 ukuya kwi-Otlap (i-Atlap ye-Atlap) yi-200--300 mm.
Ukugqitywa kokuxelisa umtyibiliko, iplanti yeplani ephantsi kwesamente, iiphaneli, i-winsings yefestile-Enkosi kwizinto ezizezolimo, indlu yesakhelo, indlu yesakhelo ingathathi ntweni
3. Ukuphambuka
Kwangaphandle kwaye iphakathi idlulisela kwizakhelo, ii-chips ezijolise kuzo (i-OSP) zihlala zisetyenziswa; Kuninzi okuninzi - ezinye izinto ezizezinye zephepha, ezinje nge-faneru, i-chip-chip okanye iipleyiti zomthi.
Iipleyiti ze-OSP kufuneka zithintele i-moistant-ukunyangwa (uhlobo lwe-OSS-3), iFomaldehyde yokukhuphela-e1 okanye e-0.5. Ubuncinci bobukhulu bokwenza izinto yi-9 mm, nangona kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukusebenzisa ii-slabs kunye nobunzima ngaphandle
I-12 mm. Akukho tyala alinakufumana iiplate zemvelaphi engaziwayo, engenaso isatifikethi sokuthobela i-R 56309-2014.
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuze kugcinwe izinto, ikhava yephepha langaphandle liyaliwe, ukufaka kufakelo lwezinto zomoya kunye nelitye lomthi. Ngokomgaqo, ivumelekile, ngakumbi ukuba sithetha ngendlu encinci. Kodwa isakhelo kule meko kufuneka somelezwe ziinqanawa ezingapheliyo.
I-OSP engaphandle ye-OSP ngamanye amaxesha ithathelwe indawo yi-WoodProf ye-DVP ubuncinci ukusuka kwi-25 mm (i-isoplaat kunye ne-alogs). Oku kunika ukonyuka okungenani i-20 dB ye-insung yengxolo yokufakelwa kwaye iphucule kancinci i-inshonter, kodwa yonyusa iindleko ze-1 M2 zeendonga ze-10-250.
Isilumkiso kwiinkcukacha xa ugqiba iindonga kunye noyilo lwe-Outlook uya kubonelela ngokhuseleko oluhle kumswakama, kwaye ke ukugcinwa kweepropathi ze-insulties kunye nobomi benkonzo ende yesakhelo
4. Ukhuseleko lwe-vaporization kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-hydraulic
Ukufakelwa ngaphakathi kudonga lwesakhelo kunye nomsebenzi wayo, kuphela ngelixa lomile. Ukwenzela ukukhusela uboya lweminerali ukusuka ekrwada, kuqhutywa ngokufakelwa kwamanzi amdaka, kwaye ngaphakathi - ivaratizo. Abakhi abanganyanisekanga bahlala kuzo zombini iimeko zixabisa ifilimu ye-Polythylene okanye i-Pergamine ephumeleleyo. Ukwala ukusebenzisa i-mempmer-membrane ye-membrane kunciphisa iindleko zeendonga ze-1 M2 zii-rubs ezingama-20-3 kuphela, ngelixa ilahleko yobomi bokwakha kunye nonyuso lweendleko zokufudumeza.
Iziphumo ezifanayo zikhokelela "ufakelo" lwe-vaporizoration, apho amajoyina anophawu lwefilimu angabanjiswa ngeScotch.
I-carnice ebanzi ye-carnice kwaye ikhutshelwe ngokuchanekileyo i-Drains iyakuthintela amanzi asemanzini ngexesha lemvula kunye nokunyibilika kwekhephu. Izithuba phakathi kweebhodi zeBhodi ye-Binder ziyafuneka ukufikelela kwi-moya kwinkqubo ye-ventilation yophahla olushushu
5. Ukucoca kunye nophahla
Apha, ukongeza kubungqingqwa bokufakelwa kobushushu, ihlala inciphisa icandelo lomnqamlezo lemiqadi (okanye yonyusa inyathelo labo). Ngenxa yoko, umgangatho uyatyhafisa ngokungathandekiyo xa wayehamba, kwaye oomatshini baceba ubukhali bekhephu.
Izakhelo ezingaphezulu kunye nophahla kufuneka zenziwe ngokungqinelana ne-SP 31-10502. Uphahla olunyulu kufuneka lube neendawo ezifanayo zomsebenzi njengodonga (ukusuka egumbini ukuya esitratweni: i-vaporization-i-varicing-i-vantage-i-vantage-valing-Izixhobo ziyafuneka: Nikeza iSofa, Intambo yokuphelisa, ngamanye amaxesha ii-aerators. Le yindleko enkulu yeendleko, kodwa ukuba uyikhupha kuqikelelo, i-microclive iya kubandezeleka kwaye ivuza inokuvela.
Ukukhanyisa i-attic, iwindows engaphambili, njengommiselo, akwanele- kuyimfuneko ukwakha i-Lug-free okanye iseti iWindows edutyumbe. Namhlanje, njengommiselo, iguquguquko lesibini lijika libe li-20-30% lixabiso eliphantsi.
Ukudibana kwamanzi-kutsho kwi-Woodroof fiberboard. Kwaye okwangoku, ngesamo esibuhlungu, iipleyiti ziya kudumba kwaye zicinyiwe. Kufuneka inyangwe engqondweni
Iimbono ezi-4 eziqhelekileyo malunga nezindlu zeplanti
1. Iindonga zefreyimu zinobunzima, phantse nasiphi na isiseko esiya kulityela indlu
Kodwa isiseko sekholamu (okanye inkxaso-i-Colmomuar, njengoko ibizwa ngokuba yinkampani yokwakha)) ziibhloko zekhonkrithi ezininzi kwi-Suban Submet yesanti. Ngenxa yeziqhamo ezingalinganiyo zomhlaba kwaye ngenxa yoko lenza ukuba i-aach, iibhloko zihamba ngokungathandabuzekiyo kwaye zihle, okukhokelela kwi-doss yebhokisi ekhaya. Iteyiphu etyhutywe kakuhle ngaphandle kwendawo ye-insurrid kwimihlaba etyheliweyo ihlala inika i-sediment engalinganiyo, kwaye ukuba iqiniswe kakubi- rocks. Ngeepilisi ze-screw, nayo, ayisiyiyo yonke into eyiyo, i-piles esezantsi ye-Welbon (ukusuka kwi-Stbon ye-Carbon St3) ayinakulala, kwaye iibhulukhwe ziya kuphanga ukuya kwi umhlaba.
Umaleko we-vaporizoration kufuneka ube yi-hermetic eqinisekileyo, kungenjalo ukuba i-insubse ayizikhupheli. Ke ngoko, ifilimu yefilimu iglungqene kwaye icinezelwe kwisakhelo seshaphu.
Kwixa elizayo, xa ulele unxibelelwano, konke ukuhlangana kwefilimu kwimibhobho, iziseko, njl.
Ngokwenyani
Uyilo lwesiseko kufuneka lukhethwe ukuba lithathele ingqalelo idatha yejografi, ngaphandle kokuxhuzula kwaye ityalwe kwaye isebenze kwizixhobo kunye nezinto ezinokusebenza ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50. Ukuba uthenga iipiles zescwing, emva koko nge-fetrosion ye-anti-combossion yokucoca kunye neengcebiso, kwaye iyimfuneko kwiziqu zekhonkrithi. Kwindlu apho i-slab ye-insurid okanye iRibbon Foundation iyonke.
Ezinye izinto ezinokusetyenziselwa ukufunyanwa kodonga lwesakhelo, njengokuhamba kwamanzi e-eco-amanzi.
Oku kunyuke kancinci indleko zeNdlu, kodwa ngokungazinzisiyo akuchaphazeli ubomi bayo be-microclive kunye nenkonzo
2. "Ukusika" kubuncinci boqwalaselo, nangona ayihambelani nendawo yokuhlala ebusika, kodwa iya kuba yindlu ebalaseleyo yelizwe
Nangona kunjalo, kwiklasi "yeklasi", ubukhulu bokugcwaliswa kwimigangatho kwaye iindonga zihlala zingama-50-70 mm. Ukufakelwa kophahla kunye nokufakwa kwesandi kwezihluzo zangaphakathi kuhlala kungabonelelwa konke konke. Umgangatho kwindlu enjalo uya kuhlala ubanda ngaphambi kokufika kwehlobo langoku, kwaye nomhla wokugqibela uyakukhubaza, ngaphandle kwezitoti ezithambileyo. Kwangelo xesha, kwakamsinya nje emva kokuba imozulu eshushu isekwe, iqondo lobushushu kumagumbi, ngakumbi kumgangatho wama-Atic, luya kunyuka ngaphezulu kwe-30 ° C - kwanokungagcinwanga windows.Ngokwenyani
Kumgangatho ophakathi kwi-cottage yehlobo, kuya kufuneka ukhethe i-Home yeSakhelo ngobukhulu obuncinci bokufakwa kwe-100 mm (iindonga) kunye ne-150 mm (phantsi, uphahla, eluphahleni, eluphahleni.
Imontrage yefreyimu yesakhelo, imizila egqithileyo kunye nezakhiwo zokulinganisa ziququzelela ukonakala zangoku. Gcina kweli nqaku ihamba. Ubungakanani obukhawulezileyo (kubandakanya ubukhulu bentsimbi) bumiselwa yiprojekthi; Iibhakethi, iipleyiti, iibakaki kunye neekona kufuneka zikhuselwe kwi-corrosion nge-tervaning eshushu
3. Ngobukhulu obaneleyo bokufakelwa, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kufumana amandla ngokufanelekileyo
Eneneni, iindonga Isakhelo nigqibelele igcinwe ubushushu, kodwa babe bengenazo inertia thermal, ngaphandle, okanye umoya okanye umphunga zamanzi zilahlekile. Ukuba akukho nkqubo yokuphumelela komoya, kuyimfuneko ukuze uqhubeke ukuqhubeka, kwaye oku kunyusa iindleko zokufudumeza nokunciphisa intuthuzelo yokuhlala endlwini.Ngokwenyani
Xa uyila, inkqubo yokufudumeza (umoya wejelo, umgangatho ofudumeleyo) kunye nezixhobo zokungena moya kunye nokubuyiswa kobushushu kufuneka kubonelelwe.
Ixabiso eliphantsi liya kubiza indleko kwizitepsi kwiziko, eyakhiwe yindlela yokwakha. Nangona kunjalo, emva koko kuya kufuna ukubangisa, ekunzima ukuyisebenzisa "endaweni". Kulula kwaye kuyanceda kakhulu ukulinda ukuqala komsebenzi wokugqiba kwaye ukuqokelele i-shists kwiinkcukacha ezenziwa kwiworkshop
4. I-gasket yonxibelelwano kwiNdlu yeQela ayibangeli bunzima, njengoko imibhobho kunye neentambo kulula ukubekwa ngaphakathi kweendonga ezizaliswe kukufakelwa
Ngapha koko, iintambo kunye nemibhobho kufuneka idluliselwe kwi-sub ye-vapor orriers. I-Toleng Holes kwifilimu ayikho lula, ukuchaneka nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa kunye nezinto ziyafuneka. Akuyi kuba lula ukuba uqhawulele yonke imingxunya yeziseko zeShatchs ezitshintshileyo kunokuba, umzekelo, ukucwangcisa amanqanaba kudonga lwebhlokhi. Ukuba ushiya i-slobs engaziwa, i-vala yokufakelwa iya kuthatha umswakama ngaphandle kwegumbi ngokuhamba kwexesha, amabala kunye nokubumba kuya kubonakala eludongeni.Ngokwenyani
Yalela ukufakelwa kweenkqubo ze-wiring wiring, iinkqubo zokufudumeza, imibhobho yamanzi kunye neengcali zobubanzi, ezaziyo iinjongo zendlu yesakhelo. Lawula eli nqanaba kunye nomphathi. Fumana isiqinisekiso somsebenzi ofihliweyo.
