Injani kwaye ivela kweliphi ixesha: konke malunga nenkqubo yemveliso

Ulwakhiwo ngaphandle kwesamente alunakwenzeka. Siza kuxela, ukuba zeziphi izinto eziluhlaza kunye nokuba zibaluleke kangakanani kwaye zinezinto eziyimfuneko.

Yonke into malunga nezinto kunye neendlela zokuvelisa isamente

Icandelo leZakhiwo kunye neempawu

Iintlobo ze-binder

Iindlela ezintathu zokwenza

• Yomile
• Emanzi
• Zidityanisiwe

Yintoni isamente

Isixhobo sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Isetyenziswa njengemveliso ezimeleyo kwaye ilawulwa kwizisombululo. Konke oku kungenxa yepropathi yomxube owomileyo - kunokuba yiplastiki xa amanzi kongezwa, kwaye emva kwethuba, siya kuqinisa ukuba sibe lityeni lelitye. Iimpawu zayo zenziwa ngokuxhomekeke kubume, ke kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba kwenziwe isondo.

Ihlala inezithako ezintlanu eziphambili. Siya kubahlalukela kumzekelo we-cemence ye-portland, enye yezona zinto zifunwayo:

• I-calcium oxide - akukho ngaphantsi kwe-61%;
• I-Silicon diokside-ubuncinci i-20%;
• uyaphila malunga ne-4%;
• I-oxide yentsimbi - akukho ngaphantsi kwe-2%;
• I-Magnesium Oxide-Ubuncinci i-1%.

Izongezo eziphucula iimpawu ezithile zezinto ezinikezelweyo zingeniswe kumxube. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zohlobo zinokusetyenziswa njengezixhobo eziluhlaza. Imveliso ihlala ibekwe kwindawo ekuvanga kuzo.

Iiminerali eziyimfuneko zikhutshwe ngendlela evulekileyo, yile:

• I-carbonate rocks: UDolomite, uMergel, uReelline, Chalk kunye nenye intombi.
• Udongwe: Ngaphantsi, i-Sublinka, shale.

Njengoko iizongezo zisetyenziselwa iapatte, i-spat ye-china yesikhukula, i-silica, ialumina, njl.

• 

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto

Iindidi ezininzi zesamente ziyathengiswa. Bahluke omnye komnye ngamanani eempawu:

• Amandla. Esona sikhombisi sibalulekileyo esibonisiweyo kwilebheli. Yenziwe ngendlela yeleta m kunye neenombolo. Okokugqibela kwaye ibonisa amandla. Kumiselwe ngenxa yovavanyo lobuchwephesha.
• Iqhezu. Igqitywe ngumxube ngesitampu. Into ayithambile, iimveliso ezisemgangathweni ziqwalaselwa. Eyona nto ifanelekileyo kukwenziwa kwamasuntswana amakhulu kunye namancinci, kuba nje ukugaya okuncinci kufuna amanzi amaninzi ngexesha lokuxoxwa.
• Isantya sendlela ephezulu. Iyahluka ngokuzisa i-gypsum ibe ngumxube. Kuxhomekeka kwinjongo yemveliso, ingahluka kakhulu.
• Ukunganyangeki kweqanda. Igqitywe yindlela yokuphendula kumjikelo wokukhwaza kunye nokuphezulu. Izinto ezibonakalayo zibonakaliswa linani lemijikelezo enjalo enokuthi ikwazi ukuyenza ngaphandle kokutshintsha iipropathi zayo.

Isidingo samanzi xa isisombululo sixhomekeke kubuninzi besixhobo, ke isixa samanzi sokugcoba kwezitampu ezahlukeneyo ziyahluka. Ukunciphisa ukunciphisa amandla e-cume.

Kuxhomekeka kumda wesicelo, iintlobo ezininzi zesamente ziyahlulwa.

Isamente yasePortland

Bamba emoyeni nasemanzini. I-Mineral Sciments ayikho. Isetyenziselwa ngokubanzi ukwakha izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ze-monolithic ezahlukeneyo.

I-Sulfate enganyangeki

Inqaku layo liyandisa ukumelana neekhemidi zemichiza. Iphawulwa nge-ofisi ephantsi yokugcwala. Oku kuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwesamente exhaphaza i-sulphate ukwakha i-hydrotechnical, ephantsi komhlaba, njl.

I-Pozzolan

Ingathathwa njengeziintlobo ngeentlobo ze-sullete-enganyangekiyo, kodwa ngokongezwa ii-munsts ezisebenzayo. Kahla kancinci, unesichasi samanzi aphezulu. Isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwe-hydraulic.

Aluna

Ukwanda kwe-calcium kunye ne-alumina. Oku kuvumela umxube ukuze kufike ngokukhawuleza. Isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kokwenza lukhuni izisombululo zokunganyangeki ngokukhawuleza nobushushu obusetyenziselwa ukulungisa umsebenzi, ukwakhiwa ngesantya esiphezulu, ngokuhambelana nobusika, njl.

I-Acid-ukunganyangeki

Ukuqulunqwa kubandakanya isanti ye-quartz kunye nesodium silicluoride. Ayidityaniswanga namanzi, kodwa ngeglasi yolwelo. Isetyenziselwe ukufumana i-acid-catings. Ayikwazi ukumelana namanzi rhoqo.

Iplastiki

Inziwe ngeesayindi ezizodwa ezinika ukumelana neqanda kunye nokunyuka kokuhamba okulungiselelwe kule thumba ngezisombululo. Bafumana amandla amakhulu, ukuxhathisa ngcono iziphumo ezinobungozi kwaye zahlukile ekuxhathisweni kwamanzi.

Shagocotzer

I-Slag ijika kwiresiphi yakhe, ipesenti yomxholo onokwahluka ukusuka kwi-20% ukuya kwi-80% yobunzima bemveliso. Inciphisa umxube, icothe isantya sokunyangwa kwayo kwaye inyuse ukumelana nobushushu. Isetyenziselwa ukwakha umhlaba, ngaphantsi kwamanzi kunye nezinto eziphantsi komhlaba.

Njengokuziqhelanisa nemidlalo, isamente yasePortland yeyona ndlela ifunwayo. Nguye othetha ukuba kufike khona isamente.

Ungayenza njani isamente

Itekhnoloji yezeMveliso kukufumana kunye neCheli yokuGcina esisiGati. Ibizwa ngokuba yiGranules, eyimveliso ephakathi yemveliso. Ukwakhiwa kwabo kuhlala kungaguqukanga. Eli lityesi kunye nodongwe, ixutywe kwi-3: 1. Kwindalo, kukho i-minerali, eyahlukileyo kwi-Wedge. Ubizwa ngokuba yi-Argel. Nangona kunjalo, oovimba bayo banqongophele kwaye abanakubonelela ngemfuno yemveliso.

Ke ngoko, iifektri zisebenzisa i-analogue ye-menege ye-megel. Ukuze uyifumane, izithako eziyimfuneko zidityaniswa ngononophelo kwizikhongozeli ezinkulu ezinemigqomo ekhethekileyo. Ubunzima obulungiselelwe ngale ndlela butshwe kwiziko, apho lukhwela khona ngeeyure ezine. Iqondo lobushushu lenkqubo limalunga ne-1500 ° C. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, umgubo uqalisa ukungxama kwiigranti ezincinci. Emva kokuba ipholile, ingqolowa yeklinikhi ithunyelwe ukuba igale. Batyumza imigqomo emikhulu ngeebhola ngeebhola. Kweli nqanaba kubalulekile ukugaya iigranule kwaye ufumane imveliso yomgubo yobukhulu obuthile. Ukugaya kugqitywa yi-SEEve yeSeli. Umgubo ongceliweyo uxutywe nezongezo eziyimfuneko ezichonga iipropathi zemveliso kunye nemveliso.

Izinto ezigqityiweyo zesamente zigcinwa okanye zikwicandelo lokupakisha, apho zisasazwa kwisitya sabantu okanye ezilayishwe kwiimoto zesamente ezikhethekileyo.

Ngaphandle kwetekhnoloji yethu ngokubanzi, iindlela ezintathu zinokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ubume ngokuxhomekeka kubume bezinto eziluhlaza.

Ifashoni eyomileyo

Le ndlela inokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha kunye neendleko zokwenza umxube wesamente. Ucebisa amanqanaba aliqela:

1. Izinto ezingafunekiyo zityunyuzwa ukuze zifumane iingqolowa kwigumbi elincinci.
2. I-Granules elungiselelwe i-granules yomisiwe yokufezekisa umswakama onqwenelekayo. Oku kwenziwa ukuqhuba imisebenzi elandelayo.
3. Izithako zixutywe ngokobuninzi. Emva koko, watyunyuzwa, ufumana umgubo.
4. I-poder inikezelwa kwiziko elijikelezayo, apho litshiswayo, kodwa lingonakalo egameni legram.

Emva kokupholisa, imveliso egqityiweyo ithunyelwa kwindawo yokugcina izinto okanye kwindawo yokupakisha.

Indlela eyomileyo ithathwa njengeyona nto incinci incinci, kwaye ke iyingenelo kakhulu kubavelisi. Ngelishwa, ayisebenzi kuwo onke amacandelo ezinto ezingafunekiyo.

• 

Indlela emanzi

Ngamanye amaxesha, kuyimfuneko ukulungisa izinto ezilungiselelwe imveliso. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kusetyenziswa indlela emanzi. Ukulungiselela iClkti, enamatye elityelweyo kunye nodongwe, umxube wezinto eziphambili ngokudibanisa amanzi ixutywe. Ngenxa yoko, kufunyenwe isisindo se-viscous, esibizwa ngokuba yi-Sludge.

Ibekwe kwi-oven apho ukudubula kwenzeka. Kule nkqubo, iigram zenziwa kwi-Sludge, ezithunyelwe ukuba zigale emva kokupholisa.

Umgubo owenziwe kwiClick uxutywe neewonge ezongezelayo. Kuphela kusemva kokuba imveliso ilungele ukupakisha kunye nokugcinwa. Ukuqulunqwa okuveliswe ngetekhnoloji enjalo kuneyona ndleko iphakamileyo.

• 

Indlela edibeneyo

Isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iindleko zeemveliso ezigqityiweyo. Luhlobo lwe-symiosis yomatshini owomileyo kunye nobugcisa obumanzi. Kuqala kuxutywe yi-Sludge, ethi yona ikhutshiwe. Ngaloo ndlela wenze icweker. Ingena kwi-oveni esebenza kwiteknoloji "eyomileyo". Okulandelayo, ukuba kukho imfuneko, ukuxuba kunye neefilitha, kwaye imveliso ilungile. Inkqubo iboniswe ngakumbi kwividiyo.

Umgangatho wesamente ikakhulu ixhomekeke kwizinto eziluhlaza ezifakwe kuyo, kwaye ukuchaneka kokuthotyelwa kwazo zonke izigaba zetekhnoloji. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zezixhobo zokwakha ezenziwe ngazo zimiselwa ngumgangatho womxube, kufanelekile ukunikela ingqalelo kuyo.