Ukuhlelwa kweChernobol: Ukubuyekezwa kwezinhlobo nezindlela zokubeka

Sikhuluma ngezici zokuklama zaphansi phansi phansi: Izici zokugcwala ngokweqile, ubuchwepheshe obubeka phansi, izinto ezibonakalayo zokuzwakalayo.

Iphansi kufanele libe lihle, ligqoke - lingavinjelwa, lifudumele, lihlala isikhathi eside, alibizi kakhulu. Ungakufeza kanjani lokhu lapho uhlela kabusha amafulethi? Ngezindleko ezigcwele zomsebenzi wokuvuselela kabusha, ingxenye yedivaysi ye-screen emnyama yesitezi ingu-8-17%. Ngakho-ke, imvamisa ikhasi leli lingakunaki. Futhi ngeze: I-squeaky parquet, izindawo ezihlikihla ku-linoleum - konke lokhu kuvame ukuba yimiphumela yalokho okwenziwa yidivayisi yaphansi emnyama.

Kuyini okusalungiswa nokuthi ungakwenza kanjani

Kusuka phansi

Ukwethembeka kwezisekeli ezahlukahlukene

Izitezi ezimnyama nezimile

Ukuzwakalayo komsindo ohlukile

Izici zezitezi ezahlukene

Kusuka phansi

Uhlu lwezidingo Umnikazi wefulethi ulula: hhayi ukushelela, okulula ukuhlanza, eco-friendly. Yenza konke lokhu akulula. Izizathu eziphambili zalokhu:

1. Idizayini yezakhiwo. Okuhlotshaniswa nomqondo we- "Floor" empeleni yi-coatite ephelele. Kungagculisa kuphela izingxenye zezidingo ezijwayelekile. Kepha iningi lazo liqinisekiswa yizakhiwo zalokho okungaphansi kwenhlanganisela.
2. Izidingo eziqinisa ukushisa nokwakha kabusha izinhlaka zokuthuthuka, ubuningi bokusha, obungafakwanga imikhuba yesikhathi eside, izinto zokwakha.
3. Ukudideka kumagama. Kukhona phansi ezakhiweni futhi kukhona izitezi. Phakathi kwezitezi, zikhona ndawonye. Inkinga ukuhlukanisa izakhi ukuthi yini okufanele zithi.

I-SNIP 2.03.13.138 ayixazululi inkinga, akukho ncazelo yegama elithi "Phansi", kepha imiqondo emihlanu yokugcina yezakhiwo ezikhona azichazwa ngokuphelele. Emvelweni womakhi, eminye imiqondo iyasetshenziswa: Isisekelo, "Black" phansi, isisekelo, i-cauldron, ukulungiselela kokhonkolo, ukugoqa, ukushisa kanye nezingqimba zokunciphisa umzimba.

Ngakho-ke, udinga ukucacisa ubukhulu bomsebenzi e-Rood Brigade. Ukuthi bazoncishiswa kuphela ngesendlalelo esimsulwa noma babeke zonke izingqimba bese bebeka izinto ezithwala.

Ama-Mayports ekwakheni okusalungiswa phansi e-Home Range kusuka ku-50 kuye kwangama-95% wokuqina kwabasebenzi. Isibonelo, kulula ukwenza isisekelo sikakhonkolo se-ceramic clodding, kepha kube nzima kakhulu - phansi - imishayo yensimbi kanye nama-lags.

Ukwenza lula ukuqonda komsuka, khumbula ukuthi phansi kungukuklama okubandakanya amazinga "ahlanzekile" nelithi "abamnyama". Ilele esisekelweni esivuthayo esithatha umthwalo. Phakathi phansi, izisekelo ezinjalo zinezinto.

Ukwakheka kwezinga le- "Black" kuncike kwizidingo ezijwayelekile, uhlobo lwe- "Pure" Coating, isisekelo Design.

Ngaphambi kokuvuma abakhi, banqume:

• Yini izidingo zezindawo ezisebenzayo zefulethi;
• Kuze kufike lapho igumbi lisuswa emgodini weziphakamiso;
• Ingabe unabomakhelwane abanomsindo;
• Yizinto ezisindayo: ama-aquarium amakhulu, ishubhu elishisayo, upiyano, indawo yomlilo.

Ngemuva kwalokho yenza iphrojekthi ukuhlela kabusha ifulethi. Lapho kunzima kakhulu amacebo akho, kufanele asebenze ngokucophelela.

Ukwethembeka kwezisekeli ezahlukahlukene

Ukugqama kuhlukaniswe ngogongolo, i-slab ne-monolithic. Idizayini incike ezakhiweni zazo.

Usebe lokukhanya

E-Beam Snderlaps, ukuthwala izinto kuyizinsimbi eziqinile: ngokhuni, insimbi, ukhonkolo oqinisiwe.

Imishayo yokhuni

Imishayo yokhuni itholakala ezakhiweni zakudala eziphansi. Izikhala phakathi kwemizila zivaliwe ngokhuni olugoqiwe. Isendlalelo "esimnyama" senziwa emasimini, afakwe ngaphesheya kwemishayo. Kusuka ezansi emizini, uphahla ngaphansi kwefulethi lukhona. Ngeshwa, ukulungiswa kwemishayo yokhuni ngaphandle kokuphazamisa uphahla komakhelwane abangaphansi akunakwenzeka.

Insimbi nokuqiniswa kokhonkolo

Izinsimbi zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe neziqinisiwe zokhonkolo zomkhiqizo noma zesigaba sakwamanye amazwe zazisetshenziswa emizini yezakhiwo zaseSoviet ziye kumashumi ayisikhombisa ekhulu lamashumi amabili. Amashalofu aphansi ogongolo angenziwa ngendlela yodaka oluqinile noma amapuleti akhonkolo kakhonkolo, noma amapuleti ukhonkolo. "Mnyama" uPawulu kuleli cala kungenziwa kwi-Shape noma ku-Screed. Futhi kusukela lapho kulungiswa, akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthenga amapuleti abukeziwe, athathelwa indawo yi-monolithic eqinisiwe slab eliqinisiwe kulo lonke igumbi, laxosha endaweni phezu kwemishayo. Njengokusebenza kwamafomu kanye nokuqiniswa, kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa ishidi lensimbi elinamafayinti afakiwe.

Ezindlini zokwakhiwa kwamashumi ayisikhombisa - amashumi ayisishiyagalombili, aziwa kahle uchungechunge II - 29, P-3, P-44, P-46, P-55 izitezi zokhonkolo eziqinisiwe zisetshenziswa. Bangaba nobubanzi be-1,2 kuye ku-3.6 m, ubude bokuphakama kusuka ku-2.4 kuye ku-6.6 mm. Bangakwazi ukudala phansi "abamnyama" phansi emasimini noma ku-screed. Ngaphansi kuvame ukuhlangana namapuleti e-multi-console ngokukhulu kuka-220 mm. Basekuchungechunge oludala, ngokwesibonelo, ii-68, naku-New: no-155. Nikeza ukufakwa okuhle okuzwakalayo kunamapuleti aqinile.

Ukugcwala ngemishayo yokhuni: 1 - "Hlanza" phansi; 2 - I-Lag; 3 - ukwehluleka; 4 - Ukuvimbela amanzi; 5 - Ugongolo; 6 - Umbambisi we-Clay; 7 - Duncar; 8 - Udaka; 9 - Izihlahla ze-cranial; Iphaneli engu-10 - Isihlangu

Ukuqothula imishayo yensimbi enamapuleti wesitimela ahlanganisiwe ezansi kwemishayo: 1 - "Hlanza" phansi; 2 - I-Boardwalk; 3 - Ugongolo; 4 - Ipuleti lesitimela leqembu; 5 - Ukuvimbela amanzi; I-6 - igridi yokusongela; 7 - Udaka

Ukugqashuka emishameni yensimbi enamapuleti wesitimela ahlanganisiwe emishameni:  1 - "Hlanza" phansi; 2 - I-Boardwalk; I-3 - Ipuleti lesitimela leqembu; 4 - Ugongolo; 5 - Ukuvimbela amanzi; 6 - Izitini; 7 - Igridi yocingo; 8 - Udaka

Ukugqagqana kusuka kumapuleti esitimela ane-voids eyindilinga: 1 - amathayili phansi; 2 - Glue; 3 - Ukuthulula ngesisombululo; 4 - Isisulu; 5 - R / B Plate Plate

Izitezi ezimnyama nezimile

Izendlalelo "ezimnyama" ngokuya ngobungqabavu bokukhiqiza bahlukaniswe ngamanzi futhi womile. Lapho ubeka okokuqala, izinto zokwakha zisetshenziselwa ukukhokhwa yingxenye ye-liquid: Amanzi noma ukumiswa kwe-polymer. Badinga isikhathi sokumisa, silukhuni.

Ukuya phansi okumanzi kufaka phakathi:

• echithwe ngamanzi, njengekhonkolo, usimende-sandy, slag- kanye nokhonkolo we-gypsum, ukhonkolo wegwebu;
• Inqwaba, usebenzisa ama-polymer resins njengengxenye ye-binder (polyurethane, epoxy, i-polyester).

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wezinsimbi ukulungiswa kwezici: Ukwehluleka, izinyathelo, ukuhlanekezela, amaconsi amaconsi. Usebenzisa i-screed, ungakha ukuthambeka okuthile kobuso noma isinyathelo emngceleni wezingxenye ezinama-coating ahlukile. Ivaliwe ngamapayipi nezintambo ezidlula ngaphansi kwenhlanganisela.

Ukuxoxa okuqinile, okungamelana nomlilo, kepha ungawabeka kuphela esisekelweni se-slab. I-Main Plus - Kuzo Ungakhipha zonke izinhlobo zezingubo.

Phansi okomile kufaka:

• ukunamathela endaweni yokukhosela;
• iqembu elinothayela owomile;
• Kuguqulwe.

Ukuzwakalayo komsindo ohlukile

Umsindo awudlulisi omakhelwane kuphela abavela ngezansi, kodwa futhi kuwo wonke amakamelo efulethini. Futhi uma umsindo osefulethini ongezansi uzovunyelwa kakhudlwana, umakhelwane angakudala ukuba uphinde uphinde uphinde ulungise bonke enkantolo.

Umsindo uhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: umoya (inkulumo, umculo, ububula bamanzi) nezigubhu (izinyathelo, ukunyakaza kwefenisha, amaqhubu, angqongqoze imishini yasendlini). Yilwa nabo ngezindlela eziningi.

Umsindo womoya

Izici zomsindo we-Air Noire. Isisindo kubalulekile lapha. Amagagasi omsindo awakwazi ukumba izinto ezinkulu. Uma isisindo esingaphezu kwama-350 kg / m2 (inkomba yama-slabs aqinile anobukhulu obungenani okungenani i-160 mm), umsindo womoya unwetshwa ngempumelelo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ekwakhiweni kweleveli "emnyama", kuyadingeka ukufaka ungqimba we-soundproferer kusuka ezintweni eziningi ze-porous.

Umsindo oshaqisayo

Ngomsindo wethonya, kunzima ukubhekana nakho. Isisindo esikhulu semiklamo lapha futhi silusizo, kepha abahlaseli abasebenza ngokuhlukanisayo abavela ezintweni zokwakheka ezinemibala eneziteshi zomoya ezincanyana kanye ne-modulus encane yokuqina. Lapha, amandla wegagasi lomsindo lisetshenziselwa ukuguquguquka komoya kanye nezindonga zezigidi zama-microchannels.

Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswa ezindlini zokwakhiwa kwama-Emies, amazinga amasha okufakwa okunengqondo awanikezi. Ngakho-ke, ngezimali ezisetshenzisiwe, izinhlelo ezindala aziphindi, kepha dala ezintsha. Izinto zokwakha zibalulekile, indawo yazo, imiklamo emisha yokuhlanganisa. Isibonelo, kusizakala kakhulu ukubeka umllayidi wokuvimbela umsindo, kepha ngaphansi kwawo.

Ngosizo lwama-Stud Stud, ama-lags angaphakanyiswa ngaphezulu kwesisekelo se-150-200 mm, ukubeka i-oda lokuhlola uma kunesidingo

Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukudala isikhala esingenalutho sokubeka noma yikuphi ukuxhumana - kusuka kuma-elekthrocabels kuya kumapayipi kanye nemikhakha yomoya yohlelo lokungena komoya

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umklamo usiza ukuthuthukisa izici zokufakwa kwe-thermal zokugcwala, futhi unikeze ukwengeza umoya komoya kanye (ngezinga elincane) lokushaqeka ngomsindo oshaqisayo - ngale njongo, uboya obunamamineli bubekwe phakathi kwama-lags

Ama-infators amasha omsindo:

• "Ukuntanta";
• Uphahla olumisiwe nge-insulator yomsindo;
• Kwamapuleti amabili ahlukene ahlukene.

"Izinga elintantayo" liyindlela ejwayelekile yokulwa nomsindo oshubile. Umqondo wokwakheka ukuthi i-Shell eqinile ibekwa embhedeni obanzi futhi ayikhathaleli ukuthi isisekelo noma izindonga. Umsindo ubuthakathaka kakhulu.

Ungakukhetha kanjani okuqukethwe kwe-insulator:

• Ngaphansi kwama-lags, ama-mat omgembuli wengilazi aqamba amanga emishameni esebenza kahle, futhi izindonga zikhula ziye ezingeni le-plinth. Kumashidi ama-chipboard noma amabhodi okulimi ayagxuma, acindezela kakhulu onkulunkulu bengilazi odongeni;
• Ngaphansi kokhonkolo okhonkolo, ama-mats anobukhulu asuka e-basalt vool noma ama-polyethylene slabs, futhi ezindongeni - imichilo ingamageyimu engilazi anobukhulu obungu-20 - 30 mm. Ngaphezulu kwama-mat ambozwe ifilimu le-polyethylene, alisonge ezindongeni phezulu, bese ethela isixazululo se-screed;
• Endabeni yama-ceramics, i-basalt tampifle canvas ungqimba 20 - 30 mm kanye nothayi lwesimende-isihlabathi esinobukhulu obungu-50 mm.

Izinkomba zokufakwa komsindo ezizwakalayo ku-Quigned ConstFred Constlap eqinisiwe ngobukhulu obungu-140 mm:

Izakhi (kusuka phezulu kuya phansi)	Idizayini yenketho
okukodwa	2.	3.	okune	isihlanu	6.
I-Parquet Board (18mm) ku-HM *			+.	+.
I-Parquet Board (28mm) ku-HM.					+.
I-Parquet Piece (17mm) ku-HM.	+.	+.
I-Linoleum PVC ngendwangu yendwangu (3mm) ku-HM.						+.
I-fiberboard Plate Solid (4mm) ku-HM	+.	+.				+.
Iplate fiberboard solid (4mm) ku-g. **		+.
Iplate fiberboard Soft M1 (212mm) ku-HM	+.	+.	+.	+.
IBHODI LOKUGCINA (25mm)						+.
Laga Wooden 8040mm, Isinyathelo 400mm					+.	+.
Gasket kusuka ku-DVP-M1 (12mm)					+.	+.
Ruberoid, 1 ungqimba on g.m. (3mm)		+.		+.
Ubukhulu obuphelele kuya kusisekelo, mm	49.	52.	42.	45.	77.	70.
Ingaphezulu le-Design, kg / m2	39.	47.	amashumi amathathu	38.	34.	32.
Ikholomu ye-Air Noise Inxent Colounts RW, DB	52.	52.	53.	53.	53.	51.
Inkomba yenkomo esekwethukile ngaphansi kwesisekelo se-LNW, DB	65.	65.	65.	65.	65.	66.
Amanothi: * H.M. - Ama-Mastic abandayo; ** g.m.--hot mastic

Izici zezitezi ezahlukene

Ku-Lags

Okuhle:

• Idivaysi yesiteji esinguhlaka ema-lags iyasetshenziswa uma udinga ukugcina i-parquet noma ibhodi yamakamelo. Isisekelo esivela kumabha kanye ne-plywood ephendula ushintsho lokushisa kanye nomswakama ngendlela efanayo nenhlanganisela yokhuni, inciphisa izingcindezi ekwakhiweni, ukuhlukaniswa kwamapulangwe namapulangwe;
• Idizayini ivumela, ngaphandle kokwanda okukhulu komthwalo ngesisekelo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuncane kwezinto zokwakha, izinga amanani afinyelela ku-10 cm;
• Isisekelo esinjalo singahlelwa ngokushesha kune-screen emanzi, futhi kuvunyelwe ukubeka ngokushesha ukunamathela.

Amaminithi:

• Ubukhulu obuncane basemuva bungu-50 mm, futhi efulethini ngophahla angama-250-65 mm, ukulahleka kokuphakama kwale ndawo ngeke kuzithethelele;
• Umklamo wesaba amanzi, futhi esimweni sesikhukhula, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ahlakazeke, aguqulwe futhi aguqulwe ingxenye yemininingwane;
• Isizinda se-lag sithathwa njengethembekile kunokwethenjwa, ngokwesibonelo, ukhonkolo, yize kulula ukulungisa.

Khetha ama-lugs wokumisa amagumbi: ngqo ngqo, ngaphandle kokulandela umkhondo nokuphambuka okubucayi. Ukuphikisana nemigoqo enjalo kuvame kancane, kanti nokho amafindo nemifantu kwesinye isikhathi kuhlangana. Uma abafaki bengeke banake futhi benqabe eminye imikhiqizo, amathuba aphezulu kangangokuba phansi phansi aqala ukwehla. Kwesinye isikhathi izinto ezibonakalayo ziphenduka zingezelele futhi ziqale zivinjelwe kancane ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungafaki amathuba okukhishwa bese kamuva - ngokwesibonelo, ngemuva kokushintsha ekushiseni.

Ukuthembela nakho kuya ngobuchwepheshe bokufaka. Ngokuqondanisa kanye nokunamathiselwe kwesilango kumapuleti kusetshenziswa izindawo zezinhlobo ezahlukene.

I-lining nama-dowel kufanelekile uma ama-lags adinga ukuphakanyiswa ngaphezulu kwepuleti elingama-40 mm. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-lining engokoqobo kunazo zonke amapuleti e-textegite wobukhulu obuhlukile noma ama-wedges aphindwe kabili epulasitiki: ahlala isikhathi eside futhi anosizo lwawo kalula futhi ngokushesha abeke ama-lags ezingeni elifanayo. Ukuncishiswa kwe-plywoof engangeni manzi kufanelekile, kepha akusho lutho ngokusebenza nabo.

Kepha ama-chips wokhuni, ukusika kwe-fiberboard noma i-drywall ye-lining ngeke kulunge - angaqhekeka futhi ahambe, anciphe umthwalo.

Imithetho ye-coating device ema-lags:

1. Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, izikhala phakathi kwamapuleti zidinga ukuvala ngokucophelela i-FIBRO-Cement Putty. Lapho iyoma, ingaphezulu lesisekelo lifiseleka kakhulu ukuthi liphangelwe nge-penetrating primer primer ukunciphisa amathuba wokungena komoya ovela egumbini elingaphansi.
2. Ama-lags kanye nezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuzivumelanisa kumele zilungiswe ngokuphephile. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu nenombolo yezimbobo ezikhuphukayo kuyathandeka ukunciphisa.
3. I-Deflection yeLagging ngaphansi komthwalo we-150 kgf esizeni phakathi kwexhaso akufanele idlule ku-2 mm. Lokho wukuthi, ngokwanda kwesinyathelo sezisekeli (ekusebenzeni kuvame ukusuka ku-80 kuye ku-120 cm), kuyadingeka ukwanda kanye nengxenye ye-lag.
4. Izindawo zokugibela nokuqondanisa akumele zibe zihlala isikhathi eside ukwedlula izihlakala zona uqobo.
5. Ngobusuku emalondweni ama-Plywood amashidi kufanele ahambisane nama-grinders.

Ama-cork ribbons anamathiselwe eLagas

Yenza umsebenzi wokuhlasela okunwebekile kanye nokudluliswa kokudlidliza kusuka ku-Plywood Base ukugqagqana

Impahla efanelekile yesisekelo esiqinile se-lags - amanzi angenamanzi

Iningi lezomnotho - i-OSP

Ama-lags kumele ayomile futhi axwayiwe. Umswakama awukho ngaphezu kwe-12%, ngaphandle kwalokho basonteka. Azilethwanga ezindongeni ngo-20-30 mm, imvume igcwele ngoboya bezimbiwa. Ku-slab impande kufanele isuselwe kuyo yonke indawo ephansi. Ngakho-ke, zifakwa yimichilo ethambile ye-chipboard, esebenza futhi njenge-soundprofer.

Konke ukushisa kanye nomsindo okufakwayo okufaka i-backlects eyomile kumele kubalwe ukushisa inclusions ye-organic. Phakathi kokugcwaliswa kanye nokhuni okhuni, kufanele kube khona isikhala samahhala esinokuphakama okungenani okungama-20 mm ukuthola umoya. Lesi sikhala akufanele sixhunywe kwimithambo yomoya ezindongeni. Emakhoneni amakamelo kuyasiza ekwenzeni ama-avestres, awavale ngegridi.

Paul ngama-lags on the screed:  1 - "Hlanza" i-Sex Fest Board; 2 - I-Vaporizolation; 3 - I-Lag; I-4 - ukushisa nokufakwa okuzwakalayo; 5 - Ukuvimbela amanzi; 6 - Isikali sikakhonkolo

Phansi ku-scheefs

Akwamukeleki ukuvumelanisa isizinda sikakhonkolo noma isisulu esidala, esithululwa usimende. Izinto ezimbili zine-shrinkage ehlukile, ngakho-ke i-gravy icubungule futhi iqhekeke. URovic ulandela ngodaka kasimende we-polymer. Kepha ama-screen amasha aqondaniswe nosimende kasimende, kepha kuyadingeka ukukwenza kungakapheli amahora ayi-6 ngemuva kokudala i-screed. Uma kuhlelwe ukuthola indawo ecishe ibe lula ngokhonkolo we-polymer, isetshenziswe phezulu kwesisulu, ngoba kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ukhonkolo oqinile weklasi 15 neyesilinganiso, noma usimende-sandy solution m 250.

Phansi ngokushisa nokuvimbela amanzi

Ngokufakelwa okushisayo, ngokuvamile akwenzeki ezinkingeni, ngoba ekushiseni kwamakamelo acwebezelayo okumnandi, futhi izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenzisiwe zigcinwa kahle izinga lokushisa eligcinwe kahle. Ukuvimbela amanzi kuyadingeka kuphela ezindaweni ezimanzi kuphela: ekhishini, ezindlini zokugeza, egumbini lokuhlanza izingubo. Ngakho-ke, ukunwebisa igumbi lokugezela noma ekhishini, ungakhohlwa ukuhlela ukuqinisa amanzi okuqinisiwe. Amaphutha ajwayelekile lapho usebenzisa izinto zokubopha. Zishibhile, kepha i-bitumen ithambekele ekubhujisweni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu, i-Inlet Bluemen Ukuhlukaniswa kufanele kusetshenziswe ezingxenyeni ezimbili. Ungqimba olungenamanzi kufanele lube ezindongeni kuya ekuphakameni okungama-300 mm. Ngaphambi kokubeka e-canvas yekhonkrithi ekhonkolo noma yesimende-sand, udinga ukuphuthelwa isihlabathi sabo esishisayo bese ucindezela isihlabathi esinokwethenjelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthintana okuthembekile kokungenisa futhi kungangeni manzi noma usebenzise izinto ezivulekile kwi-latex mase.

Ukwakha izindonga ezintsha kanye phansi esikhundleni sokubhujiswa ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa noma emakhaya, kunikelwe ngaphandle kokuqeda, ungakhohlwa ngokufakwa okuzwakalayo kanye nezifo. Ukuhlanganiswa kumele kwenziwe "ukuntanta". Ukuhlukaniswa okusha kufanele kususelwe kuphela ekuqedeni, eduze kwabo, kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezivalekile ezivalekile nophahla, ngokusebenzisa ama-gaskets anwestic.

Ukuhlelwa kwama-acleative of the Foundation kungenxa yesimo samakhulu amapharamitha kanye nobuchwepheshe be-nuances. Konke okucatshangwe kusengaphambili futhi kuqoshwe ephepheni kuzokusindisa imali, isikhathi namandla okuqina.