Izindonga zozimele zivikelwe ngokuphelele kumakhaza nangesikhathi esifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhasimende aheha amaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene aqediwe, intengo eyamukelekayo nejubane lokwakha eliphakeme. Yilokho nje ubuchwepheshe okufanele banikeze ukukhetha?
Indlu yozimele ingakhiwa ngezindlela ezihlukile. ubuchwepheshe Classical (kuyisiko ukuyibiza Finnish) iwukuba ahlanganise amathambo endoda isakhiwo emabhodini (ugodo), ngombala kanye ukwahlukanisa of izindonga ngqo esakhiweni. Enye inketho kubandakanya ukuthengwa kwesethi yemininingwane yokulungela efekthri - amaphaneli wohlaka ovulekile noma amaphaneli afudumele. Ekugcineni, ungathenga indlu kusuka kumamojula wevolumu.
Uhlela iBlothaus
Asikhulume mayelana izici, izinzuzo nezingozi lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu Sander (kokushiya izakhiwo letihlungiwe ngemuva Uhlaka okuzokwenziwa anikezelwe isihloko ehlukile), kodwa ngaphambi siletha ndawonye kafushane lokuthi bahlanganiswa - izakhiwo zodonga.
Ukuthinta ibhodi le-facade
Okushibhile futhi ngasikhathi sinye i-Universal (kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi) Isisekelo sendlu yeSkeleton - isikulufa se-pile. Ezindaweni ezomile, ungathela itheyiphu entantayo. Okwesitofu esifudumele esiphansi esifanele "IsiSwedish" Stove
Ukwakhiwa kwezindonga zozimele
Ngo isakhiwo luhlaka, main amandla imithwalo azibonayo ngokuqinile exhunywe nomunye nomngane we yokubeka kanye riglels asendabeni eliqinile le - avame isihlahla. Njengomthetho, kusiza isembozo sangaphandle esiqinile (esivela ku-cent-chip-chip, cement-chipboard, i-plywood, njll.), Okukhulisa ubulukhuni bendawo ebhokisini lendlu kanye nekhono lokuthwala izindonga. Futhi ukuthathwa kwe-thermal kuhambelana nomoya noma izinto ezigcwaliswe igesi, ezibekwe ofrayizi zohlaka - izikhawu phakathi kwama-racks kanye namaRegiels.
I esehlanganise of egumbini block noma ibhodi olungaphambili lwesonto alinikezi kahle Ukuvikelwa windscreen, Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi impahla aliqede, a ekhethekile iphuma impahla noma ipuleti / lwamapulangwe puzzle ukuxhumana kufanele ibekwe
Uma zisetshenziswa namaminerali lunemicu kanye ukhuni ukwahlukanisa ke ivikela yokulwa umswakama akukho ishidi ngokwanele sheathing - kubalulekile ukuba ngaphezu kwalokho vimbela ukuhlangana impahla ekamelweni emoyeni futhi kwezulu asemkhathini nge amafilimu ekhethekile nemisipha.
Ukusuka ngaphakathi kwezindonga zozimele kuvame ukunqunywa ngamashidi e-drywall, bese upenda, umboza ngodaka lokuhlobisa noma ambozwe ngephepha lodonga. Ngaphandle, ngaphezulu kweshidi lokufafaza, zingahlukaniswa ngamaphaneli okhuni, epulasitiki noma ama-composite, alungiswe ngegridi, i-sand the sawdow noma i-sandstone enama-sawdow noma ama-sewdow afinyelela ku-25 mm ).
Izindlu ezivela kumaphaneli e-SIP zivame ukuhambisa ikhasimende ngaphandle komhlobiso. Ngasikhathi sinye, sekuyisikhathi eside ukuhlela umsebenzi we-facade umsebenzi, ngoba ngisho ne-OPS esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu ayenzelwe ukumelana isikhathi eside namathonya asemkhathini
Izindonga zozimele ezakhiwe kahle azinikezi ukushwabana futhi azivinjelwe. Indlu isheshe ilele futhi igcina ukushisa kahle (ikakhulukazi uma ufaka amafasitela nge-Windows Gcina-Saving). Kulokhu, udonga lwezinhlaka ezenziwayo luhlushwa kancane kusuka kuguquko ngokusebenzisa ama-zero kunelitshe noma ilogi.
Manje - mayelana nobunzima. Izindonga ezinjalo zicishe zingenalo i-inertia ye-thermal: amakamelo aphuma ngokushesha ngamawindi noma iminyango yemlilo evulekile, futhi indawo yomlilo eguqukayo iyakwazi ukuguqula igumbi lokuphumula lingene egumbini likaSteam. Kepha ama-minus aphawuleka kakhulu ukuthi udonga lwamathambo alukwazi ukuthatha umswakama owengeziwe ovela egumbini lekamelo. Ngakho-ke, kule ndlu enjalo kunzima ukukwenza ngaphandle kohlelo lwanamuhla lokungena komoya, intengo yazo kuzoba okungenani ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-350. (Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka indawo yokubekwa kwe-ventkanalov).
Kwesinye isikhathi kufakwe okuqinile (ukuphakama ezitezi ezimbili) ama-racks ama-angular akhulisa amandla wohlaka
I-Breade Beam Overlaps kuma-boar distroip ayivunyelwe - udinga ukusebenzisa amabakaki
Emakhoneni, uhlaka luqiniswa yimizimba
Yakha ngokuya ngemithetho
Isakhiwo sendlu eRussia silawulwa yi-venture ehlanganyelwe (ikhodi yemithetho) 31-105-2002. Leli yindawo enemininingwane futhi efanelekile equkethe incazelo yezingxenye nezingxenye zesakhiwo, izinhlelo zobunjiniyela kanye nenqubo echazayo yokukhiqizwa komsebenzi kusuka kusisekelo ngaphambi kokuqeda. Izinto eziningi eziphelelwe yisikhathi kuphela eziphathelene nokukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha: Imikhiqizo eminingana eminingi yavela emakethe. Le dokhumenti isuselwe ekusebenzeni kweYurophu futhi ayithinti umkhawulo wokwakha wamaphaneli we-SIP namamojula.
Uhlaka lwefreyimu luqoqiwe njengoba amaphaneli e-SIP afakwe endaweni ebheke phezulu, ebopha uphawu lokuhlangana kwe-polyurethane Foam
Kwesinye isikhathi indawo yokwakha imbozwe nge-awn yefilimu
Izinketho zokwakhiwa kwezindonga zozimele: ngesikhumba samapuleti athambile wezinkuni, ukugcwaliswa nge-vermiculite ne-composite siding isiphetho
Ngesembozo se-OSP, ukugcwaliswa ngoboya bezimbiwabane kanye nokuqhakaza. Kunoma iyiphi isamentshisi efanayo, kuyadingeka ejele phakathi kwe-Windband kanye nalokhu okulandelayo (okutholakala eduze komgwaqo) ungqimba)
Izindonga ezinomfaki ongezansi ezimbili zezakhiwo ezisebenza kahle: uboya bezimbiwabane kanye nokotini welineni
Kanye ne-fiberboard ethambile enoPrimathi we-hydrophobic
Imiklamo Wall: Ngaphandle kwesembozo seshidi elingaphandle, ngeshidi sheel (b)
1 - I-Pinterned Facade Board enobukhulu okungenani be-25 mm; 2 - Ulwelwelwesi lwe-Windrowproof oluvumelekile; 3 - DOM; 4 - Uboya obunamaminerali noma okunye ukufakwa; Ifilimu elingu-5 - Ifilimu yeVapor Barrier; 6 - Ama-Plasterboard amashidi 12.5 mm (izingqimba ezimbili); 7 - I-Vinyl siding noma okunye ukuqedwa kwesendlalelo omncane; 8 - Amapuleti we-OSP-3 anobukhulu obungu-12 mm; I-9 - Plate of OSP CLACS EMISSIONS E 0.5 noma i-Plywood enobukhulu be-10 mm; I-10 - GKL noma i-GBL Ubukhulu be-12,5 mm (ungqimba owodwa)
Ubuchwepheshe bokwakha: Ama-Skewers aseFinnish kanye nezindlu ze-SIP-panel
Ukushisa okufaka izakhiwo zezindonga kanye nezici ze-microclimate e-skewer cishe akunciki kubuchwepheshe bokwakha. Kuthinta ini? Okokuqala, ijubane lenqubo kanye nezindleko ze-1 m2 yendawo yendlu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidingo zemishini yezobuchwepheshe yosonkontileka. Ekugcineni, okhethileyo ngeke athinte ukuhlela nokubukeka kwezakhiwo.I-Finnish Classic
Le ndlela ivumela ukukwenza ngaphandle kokuphakamisa ubuchwepheshe kanye nenani elikhulu labasebenzi. Futhi akudingekile ukuxhumana nenkampani yokwakha - Ungathenga noma u-oda iphrojekthi futhi uqashe ama-brigade amakhosi avela kubantu ababili noma abathathu. Ngenhlangano efanele yenqubo, ibhokisi lendlu elinendawo engama-120-150 m2 ngeWindows kanye nomhlobiso wangaphandle lizoqedwa ezinyangeni ezi-3.
Ukulula kohlobo lwezakhiwo zama-modular kunxeshezelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo zemibala ethambile, izinto zesimanje zokuqeda kanye nokukhanyisa okukhulu
Sizochaza kafushane ukwakhiwa kwesidumbu sakudala. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kweSisekelo kanye neLiner of Communications, ukugqagqana kwesitezi sokuqala okubhalwe phansi okusalungiswa. Ngaphezu kwaleli sayithi, endaweni evundlile, uhlaka lwezindonga nokuhlukaniswa kwezitebhisi zokuqala zivunwa, zibe seziphakanyiswa, ziboshwe futhi ziboshwe ngaphezulu kwezingodo. Lapho-ke i-Overlap exhumeke (ngokusekelwa kwe-Upper Strip) kanye nohlaka lwezindonga zesitezi sesibili noma ukwakheka okusheshayo kophahla.
Isigaba sesiphambano sezakhi zohlaka sikhethwe ukuze siqinisekise amandla esakhiwo kanye nokufakwa okusebenzayo (ubukhulu obudingekayo be-win vool ungqimba ngu-150-400 mm, kuya ngezimo zezulu elimelana nezidingo).
Amathambo abuthene wesakhiwo ahlanganiswe ngephepha lephepha (imvamisa amapuleti anobukhulu obungu-12-15 mm), amboze uphahla, ngemuva kwalokho amaseli ezinhlamvu agcwele ukufakwa. Namuhla, ngaphandle komncintiswano, ama-mineral wool mat, kepha akukho lutho oluvimbela ezinye izinto zokwakha ukotini noma i-polyurethane Foam. Enqubweni yokufakelwa, kufakwe amanethiwekhi wobunjiniyela. Lapho-ke izindonga ziqiniswa ngaphandle kwesaphulelo somoya (ngaphandle kokuthi kusetshenziswe amaphaneli akhethekile e-polymer nge-plating), futhi kusuka ngaphakathi - ukufakwa kwe-vapor, okucindezelwa ngendoda emnene. Yenza umsebenzi wokuqeda.
Lapho uklama i-sander classic, ungakhetha noma iyiphi isitayela sokwakha, uhlele ama-erkers kanye nama-arches, ama-balconies kanye nama-loggias (yize, lezi zinto zizokwandisa izindleko zokwakha). Kepha ukuphakama kwesakhiwo kufanele kukhawulelwe ezitezi ezimbili, futhi inketho enomnotho kakhulu futhi ethembekile ingenye ngenhla komhlaba ne-attic yokuhlala.
Ukushisa okubangela amandla kanye nempilo yenkonzo yezindonga zendlu enjalo incike kakhulu kwikhwalithi yokusebenza komsebenzi, okuzodingeka ukuthi ibhekwe ngokucophelela - ngokuzimela kungaba ngosizo lochwepheshe abaqashiwe. Kepha futhi, kucatshangelwa izinsizakalo zazo, izindleko ze-1 m2 yendawo ephelele yendlu ngaphandle kokunaka imishini yobunjiniyela kanye nomhlobiso ngeke zibe ngama-ruble angaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-16.
Umthetho wephaneli
Ama-kits wezindlu ezincane zesihlangu angathengwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo lezwe lama-90s. ngekhulu leminyaka. Izindonga zaqoqwa kusukela kumaphaneli avulekile - Uhlaka lwezinhlaka ezicishe zibe ngu-1.2 × 2,5 m nge-lining yangaphandle kusuka kunhlanganisela yodonga, plywood, CSP, njll. Lokhu kuvunyelwe ukuletha ngokushesha ukwakhiwa ngaphansi kophahla, bese kuba nokho ukufaka izindonga bese uya emhlobisweni wangaphakathi. Namuhla, amanye amafemu asebenzisa nesimiso sesivikelo sezinhlaka usebenzisa amaphaneli avulekile obukhulu obukhulu (2,5 × 2.7 m noma ngaphezulu) ngezinketho ezahlukene zomhlobiso wangaphandle.
Izinkampani ezihlukile zinikeza izindlu kusuka kuHlelo Olufakwe Olufakwe odongeni lwezentuthuko, njengokugcwele ngoboya bezimbiwa phansi kanye ne-fiberboard ethambile ("uMartin House"). Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe bokwakha baseCanada kusuka kuma-sip-panels bazuze ukuthandwa okukhulu.
Iphaneli ye-SIP yendabuko yendabuko inamapuleti amabili ama-OSP-3, phakathi kweshidi le-polystyrene elitholakala kulo. Hhayi kudala kangako, uhlobo olusha lomkhiqizo wemiphetho yengilazi engavutha kanye nohlobo oluphakeme lwamaminerali oboya emakethe. Kuzona zozimbili lezi zingxenye, izingxenye zephaneli zigcwala omunye komunye ngaphansi komshini we-polyurethane glue. Amaphaneli we-SIP akhiqiza ubukhulu obuhlukile; Ngokugqwayiza nophahla ngaphansi kwemibandela yomugqa ophakathi waseRussia, okuqukethwe kusebenza kahle ngobukhulu bama-224 mm, odongeni lwangaphandle - 174 mm, ukuze kuhlukaniswe ngaphakathi - 124 mm.
Ubuchwepheshe bokwakha buhlinzeka ngokufakwa kohlaka olufihliwe kusuka emabhodini, ama-racks kanye nama-rilger afakwe emaphethelweni amaphaneli. Ukunyakazisa ngezingxenye zozimele kuvalwe uphawu nge-polyurethane foam.
Efektri, amamojula ahlukaniswa kusuka ngaphakathi nangaphandle
Ukuqoqa umklamo ugongolo kanye sembubhiso, kodwa ukwahlukanisa uphahla nokubeka ka ukufulela abazenzi emva inhlangano yabantwana bakwa-Domakarkas endlini Modular wenziwa ngemajini enkulu amandla ukuze umklamo zingamelana ukulayisha, ezokuthutha kanye athula
Zivame ukusebenzisa imishayo ephindwe kabili nokuxhunyaniswa okuqinisiwe
Lapho lapha ekhaya, tape ukubekwa uphawu kusukela impahla nokunwebeka is ziboshelwe tape ukubekwa uphawu kusukela impahla nokunwebeka, ezifana Polynestenylene. Lapho-ke amamojula aqinile futhi aqine ngezikulufo.
zidayiswa ukuphuza-panel of standard (2.8 / 2.5 × 1.25 m) nosayizi angajwayelekile yizimboni, kodwa ukwakhiwa ezimele Kuthi nzima, kusukela inqubo emhlanganweni kudinga isipiliyoni ethize. Kaningi ekhaya kubuchwepheshe baseCanada, bayalwa ngamafemu anikeza amaphrojekthi amaningana ajwayelekile ongakhetha kuwo.
Le ndlela yokwakha inokwethenjwa ngandlela thile kune-classic, njengoba i-firm inika isiqinisekiso seminyaka engafika kwa-5 kwezinto zokwakha nomsebenzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuphoqelekile ukuqeda izinkinga ezitholakele mahhala, ngokwesibonelo, izindonga ezihlanzayo noma ezimanzi. Kodwa-ke, izindleko ze- "Canadian" izindlu zivame kakhulu kune- "Finnish" - kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-19. Ngo-1 m2 ngaphandle kokuqeda nezinhlelo zobunjiniyela.
Uhlaka lodonga luvunyelwe ukuqoqa kuphela kusuka egumbini eliphakeme lokumisa amagumbi. Kuyinto efanelekile ukusebenzisa amabhodi alinganisiwe nemigoqo, imikhiqizo evela kwi-massif glue noma ehlanganisiwe ngezindlela ezi-2 (izinkuni + i-ORP)
Idizayini yodonga ngomhlobiso weplankin wokhuni
Uhlaka lwensimbi
Uhlaka isakhiwo ongaphakeme liphumele kungaba uhlanganiswe hhayi kuphela emthini, kodwa futhi kusukela steel mncane-ngodonga amaphrofayli (ngokuvamile p- futhi s-okwenyanga izigaba). Imikhiqizo enjalo inikezwa ngu-AteKhum, ama-Salves, e-KingsSpan, njll. Izinzuzo eziphambili ze-LSTK (I-Light Steel Thin-Umbango Odondekile) yizinga eliphakeme lomhlangano kanye nokunemba kwejometri. Njengomthetho, uzimele silethwa into uzilungiselele ngokugcwele for ukufakwa: amaphrofayli bafa ngobukhulu futhi kumakwe ngokuvumelana imibhalo design, izimbobo iziqobosho kuthiwa yamba. Imikhiqizo yensimbi ivikelwe ngokuthembekile ekugcekeni ngokushisa okushisayo. Ngokungafani nemigoqo namabhodi, awaqhekeki futhi awavimbi.
Kodwa-ke, uhlaka lwensimbi, luyasebenza umsebenzi womhlangano, luzobiza okungenani ama-70% abiza kakhulu kunokhuni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphrofayli ensimbi, noma anesigqila sodonga oluvunyelwa kancane (0.7 mm) kanye ne-gentolotion, yehlisa ukudluliselwa kokushisa, amabhuloho abandayo. Ukugwema ukwakheka kwe-condensate ebunzimeni besakhiwo, izindonga kufanele zengeze ukufaka ama-thermopanels asuselwe ku-Extrusion Polystyrene Foam, efakwe kufreyimu.
Izici ze-oda lendlu evamile
Ngobuchwepheshe bevolumu yevolumu, imisebenzi enkulu yokwakha, kufaka phakathi ukuqeda nokufakwa kwamanethiwekhi wobunjiniyela, kwenziwa esitolo esimboziwe. Amamojula aqediwe (imvamisa amabili, akuvamile ukuba amathathu noma amane) alethwe kumapulatifomu ezithwala izimpahla futhi anciphise ngesikulufu esiyisisekelo esilungisiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho bahlukana, ukubopha uphawu, bese bexhuma indlu kwezokuxhumana okuyinhloko.
Emakethe yethu, izindlu ezishukumisayo zimele inkampani "indlu-umkhumbi", "Dubld", isitshalo sokwakheka kokuhlolwa kwamamojula wevolumu Cha. 1, uWoodlel, njll. Isikhathi sokukhiqiza sivame ukuba ngenyanga.
Ngoku-oda isakhiwo se-modular, ugcina isikhathi esiningi futhi ususe zonke izinkathazo zokuthenga izinto, funa abasebenzi bese ulawula ikhwalithi yokwakha. Kodwa-ke, kuzofanela bamukele ukukhetha okuthobekile kwezixazululo zokuklama, usayizi omncane wezakhiwo kanye nama-modulist athile wezakhiwo. Iningi lezindlu linxande ngokwemibandela, imvamisa ngophahla oluhlangene, ama-eveves amancane noma ngaphandle kwawo ngaphandle kwawo. Njengomthetho, endlini yesitezi esisodwa (kodwa imvamisa kukhona indawo yokuhlala ye-mezzanine), nendawo yaso ephelele cishe ayikaze idlule ku-100 m2. Izindleko ziqediwe ngokuphelele ukuze kuhlaliswe chalet modular - 31-38 ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane. Ngo-1 m2.
Ukunciphisa ingozi yokwakha amabhuloho amakhaza, ungenza uhlaka olunemigqa emibili yama-racks kanye nama-rigger, okuhlobene nokufakwa okukodwa, futhi lokhu kuzokhulisa izindleko zokwakha indlu cishe ngama-20%
Ukunciphisa ukuphakama kwamamojula (ngaphandle kwalokho akuhanjiswa ngaphansi kwamabhuloho nemigqa yamandla) ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuphakama kwamakamelo, uphahla olusendlini luthambekele kahle, njengasendaweni ethathiwe, ngenkathi uphahla luhlaselwa kahle
