Phansi egumbini lokugezela kuyadingeka ukunikeza i-hydro kanye nezakhiwo zomsindo, kwesinye isikhathi ngobukhulu bedizayini kuyadingeka ukumisa amapayipi bese uhlomisa uhlelo lwayo lokushisa kagesi. Sitshela ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani le misebenzi.
Uma uma kulungiswa ungathinti i-sangedwabin ejwayelekile, khona-ke wonke umsebenzi esitezi sangasese egumbini lokugezela / endlini yangasese kuzoba ukususa i-coation yakudala (noma usebenzise ama-notches kuwo ukuze unamathisele i-glue ethayili) bese ubeka entsha. Kepha ngokwakhiwa kabusha kwendlu yangasese noma ilungiselelo lefulethi lamahhala (MAHHALA LAMAHHALA), umjikelezo wesitebhisi amaningi kuzodingeka ukuthi aqinisekise ukufakwa emanzini okuyisisekelo kanye nezindonga, ukugcwaliswa kwesisekelo kanye nokulinganisa Ama-Screeds futhi ekugcineni ukufakwa kwe-Floor Coating Floor. Ngakho-ke ake siqale ngokulandelana.
I-Poland wantproofing
Idivaysi yokugezela efulethini iyavuthwa ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwengxenye. Isigaba sokuqala somsebenzi ukufakwa emanzini okungangeni manzi.
Ungqimba olungenamanzi kufanele lube yi-hermetic ngokuphelele, luhlala isikhathi eside futhi luqinile. Kuklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukuvuthwa phansi komswakama kusuka ku-conkcrete mix lapho uthele isikrini futhi uqhubeke nokunikeza umshuwalense uma kwenzeka uPuse oqondayo noma uxhumano oluhlukanisiwe ohlelweni lwendle noma ohlelweni lwendle.
Namuhla, abakhi basetshenziswa isibonakaliso esibanzi kakhulu sezinto zokwenza okungangeni manzi, noma kunjalo, ukufakwa kwama-materproofining mncane kungalinyazwa lapho izisulu zithela, futhi izingoma ze-polymer zamandla ezandayo zibiza kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bobabili labo kanye nabanye cishe abathinti izinga lomsindo ososhayo ngaphansi kokugqagqana, futhi ngemuva kokuthi bonke omakhelwane bakho kungenzeka bajabule ukuzwa ukungqongqoza kwama-jets amanzi mayelana nokugeza. Ngakho-ke, ngokwejwayelekile, okubonakalayo, ukuklama (embuzweni wokufakelwa phansi kwekamelo lokugezela, sizobuya futhi) Kulungile ukusebenzisa izinto ezigoqiwe ngesisekelo se-bitumen, i-polyester fiber, - "I-Brepecholast" ("Hydrole-uphahla"), "Stellast" ("Orgharrow"), iThnoelast Barrier (Tehnonikol). Ungqimba walokho kungavunyelwe okuvunyelwe kuvumela ukunciphisa izinga lomsindo ososhaqekile ngaphansi kokugqamiswa kwe-20-24 dB - kuvame ngokwanele ukufeza izidingo zezokwakha (SP 51.13330.2011 "Umsindo Ukuvikelwa").
Sebenzisa ukhonkolo we-foam noma osomile, kanye ne-lags egumbini lokugezela elingathandeki. Lapho ukuvuza, amanzi angena ebunyeni balezi zinhlaka, izinto zokwakha zenqatshwa futhi zomiswe kabi - kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa ngokuphelele phansi.
Okusebenzayo kakhulu futhi okulula ekufakweni kwe-Specialied (okuhloswe ngakho umsindo kanye nokuvinjwa kwamanzi kwamanzi okudlula) nge-latch-adhesive, ngokwesibonelo, "i-masterronick) phansi" (Teknonick). Imichilo evamile yophahla ngaphandle kwesendlalelo esinamathela ezinamafutha okungenani ama-10 cm futhi ahlanganiswe noma afakwe nge-mastic. Ngokufanelekile, ukufakwa kwamanzi okunjalo kufanele kube nongqimba ezimbili. Izinto ezibonakalayo ziphakanyiswa ezindongeni ngesibalo esinjalo ukuze kuthi 40-60 mm ukukhuphuka ngezinga lesembozo esizayo esizayo.
Amashidi e-EPPS anokufakwa kwamanzi okuphansi kakhulu, athathwe ngokuthembekile endaweni ekhonkolo enokhonkolo noma enamathela futhi asiza ukudala hhayi ukushisa kuphela, kepha futhi ungqimba olubanzi lwe-vibration-patration.
Ukubeka ipayipi
Ngokuya nge-SP 30.13330.2016, izinhlelo zokukhucululwa kwendle zangaphakathi kufanele zenziwe kusuka kumapayipi kanye nokuxhuma izingxenye ngempilo yenkonzo ebaliwe okungenani iminyaka engama-25. Amapayipi wensimbi kufanele abekwe ngokuqhubekayo (kulo lonke isigaba esivundlile) esiqondisweni sokukhuphuka, esondela okungenani 1 / D, lapho ipayipi lepayipi ngamamilimitha (okungukuthi, umthambeka kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-2%).
Empeleni, womabili amapayipi e-polyethylene anamalunga we-welyethyled kanye nemikhiqizo ye-polypropylene ne-polyvinyl chloride, enokuxhumeka kwe-fuse-ukuxhumeka, okusetshenzisiwe. Njengoba ubukhulu obudingekayo bokwehla kwama-masking bukhuphuka ngokukhulisa ubude bepayipi, kungakuhle ukuthi ube nemishini esondele ngangokunokwenzeka ku-riser.
Amapayipi aphezulu okufudumale amasela avela emathafeni ama-drainage, ama-pallet okugeza namanye amapayipi avunyelwe ukube afihlekile - ngokuvalwa kwakhiwe ekwakhekeni.
Amapayipi amanzi (ngaphandle kwensimbi enezinto ezihlanganisiwe) emikhondweni yokwehlukaniswa eyenziwe ngendiza ye-elastic Foam nayo ingafakwa ku-screed, iqinisekise ukuthi okungenani u-0.3% ohlangothini lokuqiniswa kwamanzi. Kepha ngokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kulula ukwenza izigaba ezivundlile ekuhlukaniseni.
Ngokufanelekile, phansi egumbini lokugezela kufanele kube ngu-2-4 cm ephansi kunasekamelweni elihlangene, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukufeza lokhu, ngakho-ke, kuwukubusa, izinhlamvu zibufakazi bamanzi ezivela kukhonkolo we-monolithic zihlelwe ngethayili elilandelayo ukubhekana.
Floor screed
Ngemuva kokubeka amapayipi, ukuthululwa kwesisulu esimanzi. Uma ubukhulu bawo bokuqamba bungeqi okungama-40 mm, kungenzeka ukuthi wenze ngaphandle kokuqiniswa kwensimbi, kepha kuyinto efiselekayo ukwengeza kwingxube ye-fiber-sandy ye-fiber fiber, kanye ne-CEMPLATIZER (CEMMIX) noma "Superlast "(" ARMSIX ").
Ngobukhulu obukhulu be-screed njengo-filler basebenzisa amatshe obumba. Ngokukhulu okufanayo, i-ceramic ukhonkolo screed ilula izikhathi eziyi-1.5-1.6 kukhanya kunesihlabathi sikasimende futhi, njengomthetho, akwenzi ngokungadingekile (ngenhla kwephrojekthi evunyelwe) umthwalo ngokugqashuka. Futhi, ubukhulu obuncane obunamandla anele impela kuncike ekuxubeni efektri nabadlali abakhethekile (iseli le-foam, ama-polystyrene granule), kepha azobiza ama-2-2,5 izikhathi abiza kakhulu.
Namuhla, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-semi-owomileyo phansi kwathola ukusaba. Ngedivayisi yayo, isixazululo esiminyene kakhulu sisetshenziswa ngokuqukethwe kwamanzi okuncane (isilinganiso samanzi samanzi esingaphansi kuka-0.4). Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi usheshise ukuvuthwa kokhonkolo bese wehlisa impasitha yaso, kepha uhlanganisa inqubo yokubeka nokuqondanisa. Okokuqala, ukusebenzisa umbusi kanye nezinga le-laser, izinga eliphelele elisegumbini liyachaziwe.
Bese usabalalisa ingxube kasimende-sand ngeMithetho.
Bese uhlikihla ungqimba olupholile. Ngezindlela zenjini Sebenzisa ifu "anophephela emhlane".
Njengomthetho, ukukhomba kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana. Ngemuva kokubeka ungqimba oluyinhloko kanye nesethi yazo cishe ama-50% wamandla emigodini, ilungele imibundu engavikeleki ngokuphakama okungama-50 mm, okuqinisiwe yizinhlanzi eziqinisiwe noma ezikhulisa imali. Ukuqondanisa okuqediwe egumbini lokugezela akudingeki - kutholwe ithayela likakhonkolo noma ubumba-ukhonkolo ngokulinganayo kufakwa engxenyeni eyisisekelo, ukuhambisa okungahambisani nge-glue.
Kuqediwe ukusetshenziswa, i-mastic mastic isetshenziswa esisekelweni sangaphambi kwephathwe nge-primer, ngenkathi ukuhlangana kuthuthukiswa ngetheyipu ekhethekile.
Phezu kokufaka ngaphansi kwamanzi, ungabeka i-tile ku-glue elastic.
Noma uthele uthayi wokuqondanisa engxube yesihlabathi sikasimende.
Ukubeka ukuqeda ukunamathela
Igumbi lokugezela eliphansi lendabuko liyi-ceramic noma i-porcelain tile. Akuvumeli amanzi, ahlanzeke futhi agqoke futhi, njengomthetho, anomphumela we-anti-splip.
I-coating of ceramic noma ama-porcelain ngokwawo cishe icishe ingenele umswakama. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ikhwalithi ephezulu (elula ekusebenziseni futhi iqinile) ne-glue) ne-grouting ngezakhiwo eziphindayo zamanzi.
Namuhla, abakhiqizi banikela ngamanye ama-Coatings - i-laingo ekhethekile ye-laminate yama-wet, ama-vinyl kanye namathayili akhork anezinhlanganisela ze-Hermetic castle, phansi. I-Laminate ne-tile kumnandi ngobuhlakani, bamelana kahle nokushelela, ukumelana nomswakama nokungaphansi kwama-ceramics ngokuqina kuphela. Futhi ukuthandwa kwe-polymer bulk floors hhayi kuphela ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokugqoka, kepha futhi linikeze amathuba amasha ekwakheni okungaphakathi - ngokwesibonelo, kukuvumela ukuthi uhlobise umdwebo we-3D waphansi.
Isitebhisi esibekiwe sifakwe kwi-niche, kanye neshubhu yokuthuthwa kwendle okuholela kulo lidluliselwe phezulu ngaphansi phansi. Idizayini ilungele ukulungiswa nokulungiswa.
Ukufakwa phansi kwephansi endlini yokugezela
Phansi egumbini lokugezela kufanele kufakwe ezimweni ezintathu:
- Uma ifulethi litholakala esitezi sokuqala, ngaphezulu kwesisekelo esingapheli noma sobuchwepheshe ngaphansi komhlaba;
- Uma sikhuluma ngekhaya ngokushisa ngekota (izakhiwo eziguqukayo);
- Uma uhlela ukufaka uhlelo lokushisa kagesi kagesi ukubeka ikhebula elincanyana futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kancane.
Ukufakwa okuphelele kwezindawo ezimanzi kubhekwa njengamashidi e-polystyrenerenererenererenerenerenereneregene - penopelex St. Petersburg), i-XPS Carbon (i-Technonikol), AntistUK ("Ruspelyl"), njll.
Lapho ufaka indlu yangasese noma ukugeza, kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphazamisi ukufakwa kwamanzi phansi. Izimbobo ezansi ngaphambi kokushaya ama-dowel kuzo, kufanele ugcwalise nge-polymer mastic noma i-silicone sealant.
Futhi kuthiwani ngamanzi? Abanye abakhi banele ukuhlanganisa amalungelo amaSheets we-mastic ukuvikela ukuvutha phansi komswakama engxenyeni ukhonkolo, kanye nesendlalelo esikhulu sokungena kwamanzi kufakwa kuthayela omiswe ngokuphelele. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-tile ibekwa ku-glue ngokunwebeka okukhuphukayo, isibonelo Cerisit CM11 ngokufakwa kwesesiko le-ceresit CS83. Amanye ama-Masters akhetha ukuqiniswa futhi ngaphezu kwalokho anwebekile ngaphezulu kwefilimu ye-slab noma ngaphezulu kwefilimu ye-polyethylene.
Ukuze kufakwe ngaphansi kwamanzi phansi, izinto zokwakha zesimanje ezinama-adhesive zilungele kahle, lapho ungqimba oluyinhloko lwe-bitumen-polymer luvikelekile ekulimaleni kwe-polyurethane.
Lapho ufaka, umqulu unqunywa ube izingxenye ezibalwa kangaka ukuze ubukhulu bokuphela bunyathelwe okungenani bungu-150 mm.
I-Atham waterproofing idluliswa phansi phansi, ngenkathi ngasikhathi sinye isuse ifilimu evikelayo. Izindawo zentengo ziphathwa nge-primer noma i-bitumen mastic futhi zigoqele i-roller.
Ungayenza kanjani iplamu phansi?
Endlini yokugezela enendawo yokugezela, phansi kufakwe isitebhisi se-drain noma isiteshi sokudonsa (ugqoko), esenziwe ngasikhathi sinye namapayipi futhi afakwe ku-screen. Ngasikhathi sinye, phansi, kuyo yonke le ndawo noma endaweni yakini, nikeza ukukhetha okungu-2-3% ekubanjweni. Ukuphakama okuvame kakhulu kwesitebhisi sangaphansi kungu-90-96 mm, okungukuthi, indawo yaphansi kufanele iphakanyiswe ngaphezu kokugcwala okungenani kwe-100 mm. Ukuthengiswa Ungathola imikhiqizo enokuphakama okungama-70 mm, okukuvumela ukuthi unciphise ubukhulu be-screed uye kuma-80 m, kepha unciphise kakhulu ekutholeni okujwayelekile (ukuze uqinisekise ukudonsa okujwayelekile, .
Lapho ukhetha imodeli, kufanelekile ukunaka izinketho ezinjengokuvikelwa ekuqhekekeni nasekuwoyeni; Ziwusizo ikakhulukazi uma uthanda ukuhamba futhi ushiye efulethini isikhathi eside. Ayivimbi futhi i-mesh kuphela-lingcolisiwe ngaphandle komholi ongcolile. Futhi uma ufuna umgodi we-drain ube mncane ngangokunokwenzeka, unake amathreyi angenantambo abunjiwe, njenge-Uniflex (Geberit).
Amathreyimu angaphandle ama-drainage kanye nama-lads avalwa ngama-lattices angenakugqwala aqinile okufanele asuswe kalula ukuze ahlanze udaka lwama-mesh.
Ungayifaka kanjani ikhebula lokushisa?
Namuhla, izinhlelo ezifudumele kagesi ezifudumele zisathandwa. Imvamisa bafakwa egumbini lokugezela, ngoba kumnandi ukuhamba ngezinyawo zingenazi zicathulo phansi. Kodwa-ke, ukufudumala okwengeziwe efulethini kuvame ukungadingeki, ngakho-ke, uhlelo olunamanzi amancane (2-3 w / mm) wekhebula lokushisa ligcinwa - likhishwa ngendlela Izigaba ezilungiselelwe ukulungiswa (izingxenye ezinocingo lwamandla axhunyiwe) nama-mat (izingxenye ezifanayo ezibekwe ngesimo senyoka kanye ne-clamps ezirekhodiwe ezisekelweni ezenzelwe ama-mesh).
Ngaphansi kwesigaba sokushisa, kufakwa i-foil substrate, khona-ke ikhebula lihleliwe, kwenziwa uthayi olincane owesimende.
Bese uqhubekela ku-tile sebenza.
Kwesinye isikhathi isigaba (i-mat) sibekwe esiqwini, bese sihlanganiswe nongqimba oluncane (15- 20 mm) solution. Kepha kaningi uhlelo lubekwe ngqo lapho ushaya ukuqedwa kwe-coating: ku-tiler enolwazi akubalulekile ukubeka ikhebula kungqimba lwe-glue. Khumbula ukuthi izinto zokushisa azidingi ukubekwa ngaphansi kwefenisha kanye namapayipi, kanye nama-grooves ezintambo (ezondla futhi eziholela kwisilawuli sokushisa) kufanele kube kahle ekuhlukaniseni okungabonakali.
I-mat ilula kakhudlwana ekufakweni kwesigaba sekhebula, okubalwa ukuze ifinyelele esisekelweni ngamapuleti akhethekile ensimbi.
Amathiphu ama-5 phansi egumbini lokugezela
- Amapayipi ngaphambi kokuthumela kumele alungiswe ngokuphephile ngama-clamp noma amabakaki nokwenza izivivinyo ze-hydraulic zohlelo oluningi lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi.
- Isayensi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi usayizi wayo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuqinisa umgwaqo noma ama-masonry mesh (metallic noma i-polymer). Lokhu kuzonciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka. Lapho uthela i-screen phezu kwesendlalelo sokufakelwa, ukuqiniswa kuyadingeka.
- Kufanele unikeze i-screed ingabonakali kahle (cishe ngo-0,5%) enkabeni yekamelo, ukuze kube lula ukuqeda imiphumela yezikhukhula ezingavikelekile; Akunzima ukwenza ungqimba oluncane lwekhambi elinzima.
- I-Tile ingabekwa kuphela ngemuva kokuqukethwe komswakama okukhulu kwesisekelo sikakhonkolo kuncipha ku-9% (ipharamitha ilinganiswa ngemitha yomswakama). Ngaphambi kokuqala kokusebenza kwe-tile ku-screed kuyinto i-hydrophobizer.
- Ngobunzima bomphumela we-anti-splip we-coating, kungenzeka ukwahlulela ukumakwa (R9 - ukumelana okuphansi, kepha kuthembeke kakhulu ukuqhathanisa imikhiqizo, kwaphansi okukuqhathaniswa nabo.
Izinketho ze-Floor Design egumbini lokugezela: Ngaphandle kokufakelwa (ama), ngokufakwa (b)
1 - U-Polymer-Bitumen wantshonalanga wakuphimbisa; 2 - Kuqiniswe uCement-Sand Screed onobukhulu bama-40-50 mm, aphathwe nge-hydrophobizer; 3 - I-glue kasimende ye-peli; I-4 - ceramic noma i-porcelain tile.
1 - Ifilimu le-polyethylene elinamajoyinti acwebozekile; 2 - Ukufakwa (ama-EPP anobukhulu obungu-30 mm); 3 - Isikali sikasimende-isihlabathi esishubile ngokukhulu kuka-30-40 mm; I-4 - coating polymer waterproofing; I-5 - glue ethangathekile; 6 - Tile.