Uphahla luyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokwakha yendlu, ngezindlela eziningi ezichaza ukubukeka kwayo. Eminyakeni eminingi yeminyaka udlulise indlela ende yentuthuko futhi uyaqhubeka nokushintsha, kulandela ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nezitayela zemfashini. Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izindlela ezingabiwa namuhla ukuklama ophahleni nokukhetha izinto zophahla?
1. Uphahla lwangempela, olungelona olujwayelekile ophahleni
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, abathuthukisi abazimele bengxenye enkulu baphoqeleka ukuba bazikhawulele ophahleni olulula kakhulu. Namuhla konke kungenzeka. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe nezinto zokwakha zenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukudala izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezingamangaza ngisho nomthengi ofunwa kakhulu.
Izinketho - isethi enhle. Isibonelo, uphahla olusezingeni eliphakeme, elingenazikebhe esikebheni, kepha dala isakhiwo esaphukile. Uma indlu inesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ingahlotshiswa ngohlelo lwe-multi-line solry, okuyinhlanganisela yezakhi eziningana ze-bounce (ama-nims). Uphahla olusezingeni eliphakeme lusebenzisa kabi ophahleni lwe-multilevel ezindlini.
Kepha, ukuthanda umklami ucwaningo, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uphahla lukhuni lubiza kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubalwa kwama-bizarre "caps" wendlu kudinga iziqu zezakhiwo eziphezulu. Uma wenza amaphutha, ngokwesibonelo, ekunqumeni kwama-engeli omthambeka, amanzi eqhwa kanye namanzi emvula azobambezeleka ophahleni, olugcwele ukuvuza.
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
2. Uphahla lwemoto eyodwa
Odongeni lwezindlu zezwe ezincane, zesabelomali, ophahleni oluseceleni olulodwa ziya ngokuya ziphakama - izindiza zilele ezindongeni zokuphakama okuhlukile. Inzuzo eyinhloko yophahla olunjalo yintengo ephezulu. Ukuyiqamba kalula, izinto zokwakha zizoshiya kancane, futhi isisindo sokwakhiwa kuzoba mancane, okuzokonga naso esisekelweni. Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi indawo ye-attic ngaphansi kophahla olunjalo izoncika ngqo ekuphakameni kophahla, okusho ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuthi kusondele kusakhiwo sayo ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile.
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
3. Uphahla lwe-dux olungamambala wokhuni
Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi abaklami namuhla banganikeza ophahleni lwefomu elimangalisa kakhulu, izinhlaka ze-bantal aziyeki izikhundla zazo ngenxa yokulula, ukusebenziseka kanye nokuba lula ukwenziwa kalula. Lokhu kufakazelwa emakhulwini eminyaka, ukucushwa okungokoqobo kwakukhona futhi kuhlala kuthandwa kakhulu emkhakheni webhilidi lendlu njalo ngaphakathi.
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
4. Uphahla lwe-Asymmetric
Ngisho nophahla olulula kunazo zonke lunikeza ubukhulu be-fantasy. Isibonelo, ungenza izinduku ze-asymmetric ngokungeza indlu yangempela. Isixazululo esinjalo ngaphansi kwegama elihlekisayo elithi "Solonka" laqhamuka e-United States. Abahlali bokuqala badala izindlu zesikhashana, base bemqeda, "kukhula" indlu lapho yayidingeka khona. Ngakho-ke imfashini yavela ezibhakabhakeni zobude obuhlukile, obuzithola ngathi.
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
5. Uphahla oluhlaza
Kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukwakhiwa kwe-eco, kugxile ekubeni nobungane obukhulu bemvelo bezinto zokwakha, "ophahleni oluhlaza" luyatholakala ngokwengeziwe. Ingaphezulu lemithambeka lilala ngesendlalelo senhlabathi futhi sitshalwe kulo utshani, isihlahla esiphansi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izihlahla. Lesi siko livela eNorway. Ukuphahla okubukhoma akugcini ngokuhlobisa indlu, kepha futhi kusebenza njenge-insulator enhle kakhulu yokushisa, okuyinto, empeleni, ekwenza ithathwe emazweni anesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
6. Uphahla olunhlobonhlobo
Uhla olubanzi kakhulu lwezinto zophahla olukuvumela ukuthi "udwebe" amaphethini aqine kakhulu ophahleni. Ukuhlanganisa i-tile yemibala ehlukene kanye nezithunzi ezihlukene, ungakha amaphaneli aqhakazile ezinduku. I-tile eguquguqukayo ikhombisa kahle lapha. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukunambitheka okuhle nomqondo wokulinganisa. I-Pialque Roofing akufanele idonsele ukunakwa kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa ngokuvumelanayo nge-facades yendlu kanye ne-landscape ezungezile.
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
7. Uphahla njengombukiso wamasiko wezakhiwo zikazwelonke
Emazweni ahlukene, izindlela zobuhle zihluke kakhulu, futhi okubhekwa njengokukhangayo nathi akwamukeleki, kusho, emazweni aseMpumalanga Asia. Ngomculi ophakathi waseRussia, uphahla oluphakeme olumisiwe lubonakala. Imiklamo enjalo ayibukeki kahle kuphela, kepha futhi ivikela kahle indlu. Ngeziphepho ezithukile, iqhwa lehla kalula, futhi ngezindawo zokuphumula lapho ubusika bungaqhubeka khona izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
8. Ukwakhiwa kabusha nokwakhiwa kwamathempeli ngophahla oluguquguqukayo
Njengokuhlanganiswa kophahla kwamasonto aseRussia, tile, hhayi amaqabunga noma ama-roll words, kuvame ukukhethwa. Phambilini, sasisebenzisa ikakhulukazi ama-shingling sokhuni kanye nama-gilding, manje i-tile ye-bitumen eguquguqukayo iya ngokuya itholakala emiselweni yamasonto.
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
9. Ukuqhathanisa ukuhlanganiswa kophahla ne-facade
Lapho ukhetha isixazululo esinemibala ye-facades nophahla kunezindlela ezimbili eziphambili - inhlanganisela yemibala emibili enobuhle futhi uqhathanise abaphikisi. Inketho yesibili namuhla isemfashini. Ukukhetha izindonga ezikhanyayo ophahleni olumnyama nokuphikisana nalokho, ungakugcizelela ngokuphelele izici ngazinye zendlu.
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
10. Uphahla omnyama
Ukusuka endaweni yokubuka ukwakheka, uphahla omnyama yisixazululo se-win-win. Kuhlanganiswe kangcono ne-facade yanoma iyiphi imibala nemithunzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zophahla ezimnyama zigcizelela ukwakhiwa kophahla, "ukudweba" ukumelana nesibhakabhaka silhouette esicacile, ngakho-ke zivame ukusetshenziswa lapho ukwakhiwa kunefomu eliyinkimbinkimbi.
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
11. Uphahla oluyindilinga
Ukuvela kwama-tile aguqukayo, ukuthatha kalula ifomu elidingekayo, kuthathwe uphahla lwentuthuko yophahla lwe-spherical, hemispherical and ¼ spherical, ebukeka ungajwayelekile futhi njalo rush. Kepha kukhona ekwakhiweni kwalolu hlobo futhi inzuzo enkulu - akudingekile kuye umoya onamandla kunawo wonke. Indlu engaphansi kwe-dome eyindilinga ingahle isinde esiphephelweni.
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
12. Indlela ephelele ekwakheni ukwakhiwa
Kwabasunguli abangochwepheshe namuhla, indlela ebanzi yephrojekthi ibaluleke kakhulu. Nendlu, nophahla kufanele luvumelane komunye nomunye, ngokuba izingxenye ezigcwele zalonke. Futhi-ke, ukwakhiwa kwajabulisa iso, kudingeka ulifake endaweni ezungezile, ugcizelele ubuhle bakhe.
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
Photo: Tehtonol
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amaphahla axhashazwa aya ngokuya ethandwa kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwabo kwanamuhla kanye nezidingo zabaninikhaya ezifuna ukusebenzisa ngokuhlale zisebenzisa "i-facade yesihlanu". Ingxenye yobuhle yephrojekthi kuleli cala iya ngemuva, ithela indawo yokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, lolu phahla lungahlotshiswa ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokuqedela ezivikelayo: ukhaphethi oluhlaza otshani, iziphephe, ukuhlanganisa amatshe namathayili we-clinker.
Inzuzo yophahla olusebenzayo olungasebenzi lungenawo kuphela ngokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwendawo ewusizo. Uhlelo lwamanzi kuleli cala luzodlula ngaphakathi kwendlu, ngakho-ke akudingekile ukonakalisa ukubukeka kwama-facade ngamapayipi okuphuma.
Njengokuhlanganiswa kophahla kwezindlu zezwe langasese, iBhodi elijwayelekile livame ukusetshenziswa, eza ukuzongena esikhundleni se-dranke yendabuko. Uma i-duranka ingasho ukuthi ukhaphethi ophahleni lwesimanje, khona-ke ngaphansi kwebhodi ungenza "uphahla lwesibili" usebenzisa ama-membranes aphezulu, azoqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokuqamba isikhathi eside.
Futhi-ke, i-tituminous tile idume ngokufanele. Izinzuzo zayo eziphambili ziyintengo ephansi kakhulu nokuvumelana nezimo okuvumela ukuthi uqede ophahleni lwamafomu alula kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu okuqukethwe kukhula ngenkuthalo, kuya ngokuya kuphelele futhi okuphezulu.
Dmitry Glushkov
I-Architectal Bureau Dmitry Glumitry