Ngenkinga yokungabuyi, isikweletu esibhekene nabo, ngeshwa, abaningi. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi imali ethathiwe "ngaleso sikhathi" futhi "abanye abantu" bayidwa kakhulu. Silandisa ngezindlela zomthetho zokuvikelwa kwabakweletwayo.
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Uma okweletayo kungaphuthumi ukubuyisa imali, kufanele uzame ukukuthonya ngokuthumela izidingo ezibhaliwe (isimangalo esifanele). Uma kwenzeka ukuthi isimangalo sihlala singanakwa, obolekayo uhlala kuphela enkantolo.
Irisidi
Umthetho waseRussia uvumela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kudluliselwe imali phakathi kwabantu abatholwayo ngokuya ngobuciko. I-808 Code Code of the Russian Federation.
Irisidi idokhumenti elinikezwe ukuqinisekisa isivumelwano semalimboleko, kepha alikubuyiseli esikhundleni salo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kubhekwe: ukuze kuqinisekiswe iqiniso lokudlulisela imali ku-Lender ngumbolekisi obolekayo, uhlobo olubhalwe phansi olulula lokuthola.
Okulandelayo kukhombisa:
- F. I. O. Okomuntu obolekile nowokubolekisa;
- Usuku lokuzalwa;
- Idatha edokhumenti eqinisekisa ubunikazi;
- izindawo zokubhalisa nezindawo zokuhlala;
- inani lesikweletu (ngezinombolo nakumagama);
- Uma imali inikezwa isikweletu semali yakwamanye amazwe, sincoma ukucacisa isilinganiso sokushintshana ngosuku lwemalimboleko (lokhu kuzogwema ukungaqondi kahle futhi kube lula impilo yombolekayo);
- Uma imali inikezwa ezikweletini ngaphansi kwenzalo, kufanele ichazwe;
- Isikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwemali (usuku olunembile);
- Usuku Lokulungiselela Amadokhumenti;
- Isiginesha yoBoorwer (kufanele uqhathanise isiginesha yobolekayo ngokutholwa kanye nepasipoti).
Irisidi elihlotshiswe ekubhaleni okulula lingaqinisekiswa yi-notary.
Uma ngesikhathi umnqamulajuqu ochazwe kwirisidi, okweletayo akazange abuyise imali (noma engazange acele ukuhlehliswa noma ukufakwa kwenkokhelo), kuyadingeka ukumthumelela isidingo esibhaliwe sokukhokhwa kwesikweletu. Ukuyithumela kumuntu okweletayo kudinga uku-oda ngesaziso sezincwadi.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30 kusukela ngesikhathi sesethulo, isidingo kufanele sithunyelwe okweletayo isimangalo esibhaliwe lapho imiphumela yokungakhokhelwa khona izokhonjiswa. Isibonelo, imiphumela, ingahle ifake isikhalazo enkantolo ngesicelo.
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Umkhawulo wesikhathi sokukhanga enkantolo
Isimiso sokulinganiselwa kweNkantolo enkantolo yiminyaka emithathu selokhu kunesibopho sokubuyiselwa kwesikweletu esichazwe lapho kulungiswa irisidi.Uma usuku lungachazwanga kurisidi, khona-ke isikhathi siqala ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30 kusukela lapho ufune imali emuva. Ngakho-ke, uma imfuneko ye-Weeler ingavimbi umlende, khona-ke izimiso zokulinganiselwa zingaqalanga.
Uyacelwa uqaphele: Ezimweni ezihlukile, ikhodi ye-Civil of the Russian Federation isivumela ukuthi sinwebe isikhathi somkhawulo. Isizathu esenza ukuthi labondelu bebengakwazi ukusebenzisa ilungelo lakhe lokufaka isicelo enkantolo kufanele babe iwigi. Isibonelo, inkantolo inganquma ngokunwetshwa kwesibalo semikhawulo uma obolekayo echitha izinyanga ezimbalwa ohambweni lwebhizinisi laphesheya noma elapha esibhedlela. Uma okweletayo efihlekile, lesi yisizathu esizwakalayo sokunwetshwa kwesibalo sokulinganiselwa akuyona, ngoba akuvimbi ukuthi labonderi bathumele imfuneko yokubuyisa imali ngokubhala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuphazamisa isikhathi somkhawulo - ngokwesibonelo, uma okweletayo ebona izimangalo zombolekisi. Qaphela ukuthi kuzodingeka ukuthi uthumele noma athole irisidi elisha, noma impendulo ebhalwe phansi ezimweni zakho, noma ubufakazi obubhaliwe boFakazi (njenge-skrini yokugcina, okungukuthi, idokhumenti kusuka okulandelayo kulandela ukuthi umuntu othile uyabona ubukhona besikweletu.
Uma ungafuni ukuxhumana nenkantolo, ungafaka kabusha ilungelo lakho lokufuna isikweletu somqokeleli; Kulokhu, ngemuva kokuphela kwesivumelwano, obolekayo azothola ingxenye ethile yenani, futhi ngeke akwazi ukuxhumana kakhulu nalowo okweletayo noma aye enkantolo.
Isinqumo sangaphambi kwecala
I-ejensi yezokuphepha kwezomnotho, ama-ejensi aphenyayo nezokuphepha, kanye nezinhlangano zabaqoqi kuzosiza ukubuyisa izikweletu kubantu abathile.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuxhumana nabo ukuthola usizo, udinga ukuqiniseka ukuthi basebenza ngezizathu zomthetho.
Ukuxhumana nomuntu okweletayo, umqoqi unesibopho sokuzethula futhi abize inkampani lapho isebenza khona, nendawo yayo, futhi futhi ichaza izintshisekelo zawo umbolekisi amele.
Abaqoqi banelungelo lokuxoxisana nalowo okweletayo ocingweni, ebhala nakwomuntu uqobo, kodwa kuphela ngesikhathi esivela ku-8: 00 kuye ku-20: 00 ngezimpelasonto nangamaholide.
Abaqoqi abanalo ilungelo lokuba yikhaya lesikweletu noma endaweni yomsebenzi ngaphandle kwemvume yalo yokuzithandela.
Izintshisakalo zabakweletayo, abaqoqi abavame ukuziphatha ngokungalungile, bavikele umthetho wenhlangano kaJulayi 3, 2016 No. 230-Fz "ekuvikelweni kwamalungelo kanye nezintshisekelo ezisemthethweni zabantu abasebenza ngokweqile."
Lapho kungekho zivumelwano ezibhaliwe noma zomlomo ngesikhathi sokubuyisa inani lesikweletu, isikhathi senqubo (isikhathi lapho umuntu angafaka khona isimangalo) kubalwa kusukela lapho okweletayo uthola izidingo okufanele zithunyelwe yincwadi yangokwezifiso ngesaziso sesethulo.
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Ungaya kanjani enkantolo
Ukuya enkantolo, udinga ukudala isitatimende sesicelo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuzimela, kepha, njengoba ukukhombisa kubonisa, kunamathuba amakhulu wesisombululo esihle salabo ababolekisi abasebenzisa usizo lwabameli.Ukukhethwa kwenkantolo (igunya elijwayelekile noma umhlaba) kuya ngesilinganiso sesimangalo. Ungaxhumana nenkantolo Yomhlaba wonke uma inani lesikweletu lingadluli ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500.
Isimangalo kufanele sisetshenziswe kudokhumenti eqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwemali ngubolekisi abakweletwayo, kanye nerisidi yokukhokha umsebenzi wombuso.
Uma ummangalelwa engaphikisi amaqiniso okukhulunywe ngaye ekutholweni, inkantolo izinyanga ezi-3 inquma ukuthola inani lesikweletu namaphesenti kuLo.
Ukubuya kwesikweletu kungakhangwa yi-Sieliffs, okuqala ukunikela ngesikweletu ukuze kubuyisele isikweletu ngokuzithandela, ngaphandle kwalokho baqhubeka nokuboshwa kwempahla, bathunyelwa izicelo zama-akhawunti asebhange.
Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi izinto zikude njalo kuxazululwa ngokushesha. Kwenzeka ukuthi okweletayo awekho enkantolo, ekuqinise ukucatshangelwa kwecala. Kwenzeka kanjena: Lesi sikweletu siphonsela inselelo eyakhe irisidi. Isinqumo senkantolo sincike kulokho ubufakazi bokudluliselwa kwemali obukhona kuleli cala kuleli cala. Mhlawumbe kuzodingeka ukuba banikeze ukuhlolwa okufanele uma, ngokwesibonelo, okweletayo kuzomemezela ukuthi isiginesha akayona eyayitholile. Izindleko zokuqhuba ukuhlolwa zizothwala okweletayo (uma zinquma ukuvumela okweletwayo).
Esimweni lapho inkantolo ifake isinqumo esihle ngokuthanda okweletwayo, isinqumo sisuselwa ekungeneni kwaso. Londlinder uthola uhlu oluphethe enkantolo futhi udlulisela umsizi wakhe wesikhonzi senkantolo ukuze aqale ukuqulwa kwecala lokuphoqelela. Okukhangayo kuqondisa umyalo ofanele wesikweletu.
Okweletayo unelungelo lokukhokha ngesilonda sokukhokha ngezithuba zezinsuku ezinhlanu. Eduze kwayo kuzosetshenziselwa izindlela zokuphoqelelwa. Isibonelo esinjalo kungenzeka ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ukubekeka kokuboshwa kwempahla ekhona yalowo okweletayo.
Kufakazela iqiniso lokudluliselwa komkhombe wemali obolekayo ngaphandle kokutholwa kunzima, kepha kungenzeka: Kuyamangaza isimangalo, kubalulekile ukuqoqa ngokucophelela bonke ubufakazi obukhona (ngokwesibonelo, izincwadi nalowo okweletwayo, ubufakazi be imali iyadluliselwa).
Okunye esimeni
Obolekayo angafaka isicelo eNkantolo engabangelwa yisimangalo, kodwa ngesitatimende ngokukhishwa komyalo wenkantolo, ozonikezwa umfakisicelo kanye nohlu oluphezulu. Lesi yisisekelo sokuqalwa kwezinyathelo zokuphoqelela nge-Bailiffs.
Ukwenza i-oda yokwahlulela, obolekayo uyadingeka ngamadokhumenti anamathele kuwo aqinisekisa iqiniso lokudlulisela imali kumuntu obolekayo.
Izinzuzo ze-Judicial Order ukuthi icala ngeke libe, ukusesha okweletayo ngeke kudingeke futhi kubenzelwe enkantolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usayizi womsebenzi wombuso kuleli cala uzoba izikhathi ezi-2 ezingaphansi kwalapho isimangalo singeniswa.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona futhi uCons. Lowo okweletayo unelungelo lokuphonsela inselelo i-oda lezokwahlulela kungakapheli izinsuku eziyishumi ngemuva kokutholwa. Kulokhu, i-oda lizokhanselwa, kepha lokhu akusinciphisi obolekayo ilungelo lokufaka isicelo enkantolo - manje ngesudi.
Unganciphisa kanjani inani lesikweletu
Yehlisa inani lesikweletu lingokomthetho ngokuphelele. Kulokhu, amathuluzi wezezimali alandelayo angasetshenziswa.
- Ukuphinda unikeze imalimboleko (ukuthola enye imalimboleko ukumboza umklamo wakudala nokwalo ngezimo ezamukelekayo), ezingatholakala zombili ebhange lasebhange nasesikhungweni sebhange lesithathu.
- Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwesikweletu (ushintsho ngokwemibandela yemalimboleko yemalimboleko) ekusebenziseni okweletayo kungenzeka phambi kwezimo ezinzima zokuphila, njengokulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, ukugula isikhathi eside.
- Ukuthola umshuwalense ngaphansi kwesivumelwano semalimboleko (ukuthola inani lomshuwalense onikezwe uma kulahlekelwe umsebenzi, ukulahleka kokukhubazeka, uma ithuba elinikezwe (uma kubhekwe isikhathi sokuqinisekisa amadokhumenti futhi okutholwayo kwezinkokhelo).
- Ukubhaliswa kwemalimboleko entsha yokukhokha okukhona manje (obolekayo ngokuzimela kubhekiswa ebhange elibuka konke ngemalimboleko entsha yokubuyisela kwangaphambilini).
- Isikhalazo sokulwa nokubhalwa phansi (inhlangano ethatha wonke umsebenzi ukuxazulula lesi simo nombolekisi futhi imelele izintshisekelo ze-defaulter enkantolo). Ukuze ungenzi umsebenzi ekubetheni kwezezimali, kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka kusenesikhathi ukuxazulula isimo.
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Unswinyo ngokumelene nabakweletayo
Ukuba okweletayo nokonakalisa kusho ukuzinquma amathuba okuya kwelinye izwe. Njengoba unvungulo onjalo angathinta ngisho nezakhamizi ezithobela umthetho abuyisela izikweletu ngesikhathi (ngokwesibonelo, ebhaliswe endaweni ephilayo yezihlobo, kodwa isakhamuzi esiphila ngokwengeziwe emthobeni obophelekile kakhulu kungafunda ukuthi ifulethi liqongelele ukukhokhelwa komphakathi).
Lombolekisi - Iziphathimandla zentela, isikhungo sezikweletu, inkampani yabaphathi - ifaka isikhalazo enkantolo. Njengoba sesibonile isicelo, ijaji likhipha i-oda yokwahlulela ukuze libuyiselwe isamba semali futhi lisithumela kwisevisi ye-Federal Bailiff, lapho ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kuqalwa. Emva kwalokho, umsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo unelungelo lokuthatha isinqumo sokuvinjelwa kwesikhashana kokuhamba kweRussia Federation, okumele kuthunyelwe kubakweleta ngeposi noma kwethulwa mathupha; Ngasikhathi sinye, imininingwane idluliselwa kwi-FSB yenkonzo yomngcele yaseRussia futhi ifakwe ku-database. Umphumela: Ngokulawulwa kwepasipoti esikhumulweni sezindiza noma esinye isigaba, okweletayo ngeke avunyelwe ukuphuma ezweni.
Uma inani lesikweletu lingadluli ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi, azikho izizathu zokukhathazeka. Sithola ukunaka kwakho ukuthi isinqumo senziwa ngumsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo kwelinye icala elithile, ngakho-ke, kwesinye isikhathi ukuba khona kwesikweletu ngenani lama-ruble angaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi. Ngeke kuholele ekuvinjelweni okubaluleke kakhulu ekuhambeni phesheya. Isinqumo sithatha umsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo, esilawulwa okweletayo.
Ukuze ungabi sesimweni esingathandeki, ungakhohlwa uma uhlela uhambo lwakwelinye izwe kwiwebhusayithi ye-FSSP (FSSPRUS.RU) ukubheka ukuthi ngabe inqubo yokuphoqelela ayifakiwe ezikweletini zakho. Qaphela ukuthi ukuvinjelwa kokusuka kususwa kungakapheli izinsuku eziyishumi ngemuva kokukhokha isikweletu (noma kunjalo, uma uhambo lwakho luchazwe yisidingo sezokwelapha, leli gama lingancishiswa lube lusuku olulodwa).
Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi umkhawulo osuka ekuphumeni uyasuswa, kunconywa ukuthumela isicelo kwisiza senkonzo yomngcele (PS.FSB.RU) (Impendulo esemthethweni ngeke iphinde ifike ngaphansi kwe-10 Izinsuku ezingama-1,2, ngakho-ke zibala isikhathi ngaphambi kohambo). Uyacelwa uqaphele: Ukwethulwa kwamarisidi ekudluliseni amanani ezikweletu noma amakhophi okuxazululwa kwe-FSSP ngokukhawulelwa kwesikhashana ekuhambeni ngeke kusizakale, ngoba inkonzo yomngcele isebenzisa imininingwane yayo futhi.
Uma izikweletu zibuyiselwa emuva, isinqumo sokususa umkhawulo ekuhambeni siseduze, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokungahambisani nezenzo ze-FSSP kanye ne-FSB ye-FSB yaseRussia, wenqabile ukuba yinkantolo . Ubufakazi - Imibhalo eqinisekisa ukukhokhwa kohambo, amathikithi omoya, kanye nobufakazi bomzamo wehlulekile ukuhlola - ukuhanjiswa kwezindiza endizeni, ukwenqaba okubhaliwe kwenkonzo yomngcele ukukhipha ngaphandle kweRussia Federation.