I-LED yithuluzi le-semiconductor elikhipha umbala olula. Kuhluke kakhulu emithonjeni yendabuko yokukhanya, njengamalambu we-incandescent, amalambu we-fluorescent kanye namalambu aphezulu wokukhipha izingcindezi. Wahlelwa kanjani?
Photo: Verbatim.
Akukho ntambo yegesi negesi ku-LED, ayinayo isibazi sengilazi esintekenteke kanye nezingxenye ezenzeka ezingathembeki. Imisebe yokukhanya yenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-elektroni kanye nezimbobo ngaphansi kwesenzo samanje ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwe-elektroni ku-semicenductor, ngenxa yale nqubo, i-Photon Energy evela ku-wavelth echazwe ngokuqinile . Yini?
Kwenziwe lula ukuthi lena ingacabanga i-semiconductor njengama-halves amabili wezinto ezihlukaniswe ngumdlali ophansi we-dielectric. Kwesigamu esisodwa kukhona okweqile kwezinhlayiya ezikhokhiswe kabi (ama-elektroni). Kolunye, okweqile kwezinhlayiya ezikhokhiswe kahle (izimbobo). Ngaphansi kwethonya lezinhlayiya zamanje zithola ithuba lokudiliza ungqimba lwe-dielectric. Umhlangano wezinhlayiyana ezikhokhiswayo ezikhokhiswayo ezikhokhiswayo uhambisana nokukhishwa kwamandla ngendlela yama-photons ane-wavelength echazwe ngokuqinile. Kungaba bobabili izithombe ezinomhlaba obonakalayo wokukhanya okubonakalayo (okubomvu, okuluhlaza okotshani, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) kanye nama-photon engxenyeni engabonakali ye-spectrum, isibonelo, i-ultraviolet noma infrared.
Ekuqaleni (kumashumi ayisithupha), ama-LED avele ngokukhanya okubomvu, khona-ke eluhlaza, kodwa ngo-1993 kwadalwa ama-leds aqhakazile amnyama. Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu, ukuthuthukiswa kwamadivayisi akhanyayo asuselwa kuma-LEDs, anganikeza noma yimuphi umbala wokukhanyisa, kufaka phakathi okumhlophe.
Photo: Philips.
Zonke izibani zokukhanyisa zinomklamo ofanayo oyisisekelo. Kubandakanya i-Chip ye-semiconductor (noma i-crystal), i-substrate engafakwanga kuyo, oxhumana nabo ekuxhumekeni kukagesi, ukuxhuma abaqhubi ngokuxhuma oxhumana nabo kwikristalu, ukushisa okushisayo, ilensi kanye nezindlu.
Photo: Philips.
Kungani ama-leds aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayebaluleke kangaka? Iqiniso ngukuthi ngosizo lwabo lokuthi ungathola imibala yezinye izithunzi. Kulokhu, i-Crystal ye-LED ihlanganiswa nge-luminophore, i-luminous ngokukhanya kwethoni ethile. Ubuchwepheshe beLuminofor bokukhiqiza ukukhanya okumhlophe kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-LED-wave radiation ye-LED, ngokwesibonelo, okwesibhakabhaka noma i-ultraviolet, ngokuhlanganiswa ne-Luminophore Coating. Ama-Photon akhiqizwa yi-LED, noma adlule engxenyeni ye-luminophore engashintshiwe, kungenzeka aguqulwe kuwo ngezithombe ezikhanyayo. Inhlanganisela ye-photons yombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nophuzi idala ukukhanya okumhlophe.
Indlela yokuxuba ukukhanya kusuka ku-LEDs amathathu emthunzini ohlukile (obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani kanye oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) ibizwa ngendlela ye-RGB. Kwenza ukuthi kwenzeke ukudala ukukhanya okumhlophe komthunzi onembile onamandla okugcizelela imibala ekhanyisiwe. Kodwa-ke, ukudala i-RGB emhlophe, kudingeka imishini eyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba ama-LED amathathu kufanele asetshenziswe emthonjeni owodwa. Kulokhu, ukukhanya okuholela kungahambisani ngokwemvelo imibala ye-pastel, okuwumphumela oyinhloko wombala ophansi wokukhanya umbala otholwa yinkomba ye-RGB etholwe ngendlela ye-RGB, ngakho-ke, le ndlela ayisetshenziswa kumalambu (kepha isetshenziswa kumaphaneli akhanyayo noma ngaphakathi izimbambo ezikhanyayo).
Photo: Philips.
Izici eziphambili zensimbi yokukhanya ye-LED zifaka:
- Empeleni, ama-LED nama-elekthronikhi uqobo, aqinisekise umsebenzi wawo.
- Ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla okulawulwa yi-Microprocessor, abaguquli beVoltage and Control Converter.
- Amadivayisi okususa ukushisa (izimbobo zomoya omncane kanye nama-radiator).
- Amalensi kanye nemishini yokuqondisa ukuqondiswa, ukuxuba nokuhlakazeka kokukhanya.
Ibhodi lokuhlela libonga inkampani Phileps ngosizo lapho kulungiswa i-athikili
