Kuze kube muva nje, igesi yemvelo yayinobubi obubodwa: azikho izindlela zokulethwa kanye nezindawo zokugcina. Lo mkhuba unganqotshwa usebenzisa izitshalo zamathangi ezindlini amagesi we-hydrocarbon.
Photo: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Yini iGazagolder?
Umgomo ojwayelekile wohlelo lokugcina igesi yasendlini ufana nohlelo lwe-Balloon Ges: endaweni ethile ngaphandle kwendlu kukhona isitsha sensimbi esine-gesipered gas, lapho ipayipi legesi esigabeni saseGaseous State linikezwa khona endlini. Umehluko ngosayizi: Uma umthamo wama-cylinder wegesi yasendlini uvame ukukalwa ngamalitha noma amashumi amalitha, khona-ke ivolumu yokulondolozwa kwasendlini - amamitha ayinkulungwane), igesi evuthayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi engu-6 ATM. Ivolumu ethandwa kakhulu ye-Gazgolder yasendlini (ngakho-ke shayela amandla akulungile ngokuphelele, kepha igama lenzekile) ama-Chubhu amahlanu (4.85 M³).
Igesi evela eGazagolder ifingqiwe endlini ngokuya ngemithetho efanayo naleyo emgwaqweni omkhulu wegesi, - ngaphansi komhlaba. Photo: "Terka"
IVolumu enjalo ivumela ukufudumala konyaka (kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okushisayo nokupheka) endaweni yasekhaya ecishe ibe ngu-150 m². Ezindlini ezincane (ngaphansi kuka-100 m²), kusetshenziswa abakhiqizi begesi ngevolumu ka-2-3 m³, kanye ne-mansion enkulu -, ngokulandelana, amamodeli wevolumu amakhulu, afinyelela kuma-20 m³, abanikazi bamagesi aphezulu noma okuvuthayo kokufakwa kweshukela ( igesi ye-hydrocarbon).
Indawo engaphansi komhlaba yokuhlala ama-reservoirs kagesi imelelwa ngabaningi abaphephe kakhulu kuphela, kodwa futhi nobuhle obuhle: IGazagolder ngeke ibambe isayithi lakho. Photo: "Igesi yaseRussia"
Amandla / Amathangi (ama-gasgolder) enziwe ngeshidi lensimbi elinobukhulu obuncane okungenani bangu-5.5 mm (ngokuya ngezidingo ze-gost) kanye nama-gearbox ambozwe futhi avela ngaphakathi ngezingubo zokuvikela. Konke lokhu kuqinisekisa impilo yenkonzo yamadivayisi okungenani iminyaka engama-20, futhi wonke amamodeli amaGazgolders avumelekile ukuthengiswa eRussia kumele ahambisane nale mfuneko. Ikhwalithi (Brand) Steel, ukuhlanganiswa okukhethekile okuvikelayo kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamathangi aseRussia ne-European. Emafektri afuywayo, ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zemishini futhi kwesinye isikhathi akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukubambisana okukhethekile okungenisiwe kuyaqabukela, osebenzisa izingoma zakamuva nobuchwepheshe bohlelo lwabo, uma kungelula ukufaka izinto ezingeziwe.
Amaphethelo ahlelwe ngokulandelana okuvundlile kwe-reservoir, inketho enomphimbo ophakeme. ISITHOMBE: "I-Gas Region Tjenter"
Ungayifaka kanjani i-Jether Veriner?
Ama-Gasgolders afakwa emhlabathini ebanga elithile ukusuka endlini (i-snip idinga ama-10 m, kepha kwezinye izikhathi ibanga livunyelwa ku-5 m). EYurophu, izisekelo zegesi zasemhlabeni zisetshenziswa kaningi. Lo mklamo ushibhile kakhulu (akudingekile ukukhokhela ama-Earthworks), kepha angitholanga ukusatshalaliswa eRussia.
Okokuqala, ngenxa yamazinga aqinile. Ngakho-ke, eYurophu, amathangi egesi asuselwa emhlabathini acishe asondele emakhaya nasezindlini nasezindaweni zaseRussia akuvunyelwe. Sibanga ibanga lomhlabathi i-GazGolder, ngokusho kwe-snip, kufanele kube ngama-20 m, amabanga amancane ezihlahleni angu-10 m, hhayi ama-5 m, njll. Ngenxa yalemikhawulo yendawo encane, lapho ayiyona indawo.
Okwesibili, eYurophu, i-propane emsulwa isetshenziswa njengophethiloli, futhi sinengxubevange ye-propane (70/30, 50/50), okungamazinga okushisa aphansi (nangaphansi kwengcindezi) ngeke kuhambisane nokungena ku isigaba se-gaseous. Ngakho-ke, ngomsebenzi ebusika, umkhiqizi wegesi onjalo kuzodingeka ahlome ukufakwa okuningana okubunjiwe. Indawo efanelekile ye-gost ayihlali ikwazi ukuthola, kepha ayiyeki abasekeli abashisa kakhulu be-supemonomangonication. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi i-gasgold isungulwe ngokwephulwa. Kuze kube manje, abaphula umthetho abanjalo bayakwazi ukugwema umthwalo wemfanelo, njengamanje akukho ukuqondisa okuqinile kwesimo somnotho wegesi ozimele, ngokwesibonelo, okwenziwa ngemuva kwamapayipi we-trunkgesi. Kepha isimo singaba ngolunye usuku
Shintsha kakhulu, bese kubaphula umthetho-ke kuzoba nezinkinga ezinkulu.
Izindleko zemishini nokufakwa kwayo kwe-turnetkey kuncike ngosayizi we-reservoir, ivolumu ye-Earthwork, izinketho ezengeziwe futhi, njengenjwayelo komnotho wemakethe, kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwezifiso zakho ezengeziwe. Ngokuqondene nokwehluka kuhlobo lwemishini, akukho mehluko onjalo wentengo phakathi kwemikhiqizo yasekhaya nengenisiwe, njengokuthi, asho, phakathi kwababili begesi. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukukhuluphala okuzimele nge-reservoir yabanikazi abangama-4,8 m³ kuzodingeka bakhokhe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200-250.
Photo: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru; "Igesi yaseRussia"
Ama-abolders egesi aphephile?
Izakhamizi eziningi, umakhelwane ngegesi ehamba ngegesi zibonakala ziyingozi. Kepha eqinisweni, ingozi yentela. E-reservoir, igesi igcinwa ngaphandle kokufinyelela komoya ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-5-6 ATM, futhi umoya awukwazi ukufika lapho. Futhi uma kwenzeka ukucindezelwa, ukuqhuma ngeke kwenzeke, ngoba igesi izosethwa kabusha emkhathini, lapho idelela khona ukugxila okuphephile. Kungakho akunakwenzeka ukubeka iGazagolder ezakhiweni - ukuze igesi inganqwabeli ngesikhathi sokuvuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-valve yokuphepha ifakwa eGazaglder, ekulahliseni ngokweqile, uma ngesizathu esisodwa noma enye i-reservoir efudumele.
Ukubona ngeso lengqondo: Igor Smirhagin / Burda Media
Yimaphi ama-grecers akhethayo: avundlile noma mpo?
Ngokuhlelekile, bonke abakhiqizi begesi basekhaya bangahlukaniswa ngamamodeli wokuhlelwa okuvundlile noma okuqondile kwesitsha. Okuvundlile kulula ekufakweni (kusuka endaweni yokubukwa kwemisebenzi yokumba), kepha bathatha isikhala esithe xaxa endaweni, engaba nzima ezingxenyeni ezincane. Vertical maqondana nalokhu kulula kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakhulu, ngakho-ke igesi e-liquefied ayipholile, okudingekayo ekuphandwini kwayo okujwayelekile (izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngaphezulu kwe-zero). Ngaphandle kwalokho, ubukhulu bokuhwamuka kukagesi owuketshezi ngaphakathi kwesitsha kuncishiswe kakhulu, futhi uphethiloli uqala ukungena ohlelweni lokushisa ngenani elinganele.
Inketho ye-GazGolder ene-reservoir evundlile nokuqiniswa okubekwe kumashubhu aphezulu (embozwe ngokuvikela okuvikelayo). Photo: "P-Gaz"
Izinduku zegesi zasendlini zingamathangi, engxenyeni engenhla lapho kukhona khona ipulatifomu (i-flange) ngokuqinisa (ukukhuphula i-valve, ama-valves okukhethwa kwezigaba zoketshezi kanye nomusi, i-valve yephepha, ukuphepha). Indawo yokudlala evela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ivaliwe yi-cap evikelayo, kepha ayivaliwe ngokuvalwa kwe-hermetically. Phansi kukhona imvume yokungena komoya, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuyivala. Ipulatifomu ne-cap ingaphakanyiswa phezu kwethangi entanyeni - izingxenye zethangi elenziwe ngesilinda ezitholakala ngokuqondile.
Izigaba zokukhuphuka mpo gazgolder. Ithangi lixhumeke ngepayipi legesi ngendlu evuthayo. Photo: "Terka"
Emva kwalokho, iGazagolder nepayipi legesi balala ngesihlabathi. Photo: "Terka"
I-GazGolder ilala ngesihlabathi ukuze kufinyeleleke isiza esinama-valve namanye ama-aramsentura asale. Photo: "Terka"
Inketho yokufaka enezingqimba ze-Gazgolder
Ukubona ngeso: ama-mavel Melnikova / Melda Media
Kukhona ama-Throat aphezulu we-Throat (okuthiwa yi-Russian Standard) futhi ngaphandle kwakhe (Eurostandard). Ukwenqatshwa kwentamo kunciphisa ukwakhiwa kwama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30-50. Kepha akudingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusindisa kukho. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukuba khona kwentamo okukuvumela ukuthi ubeke ipulatifomu enokuqiniswa okuphakeme kunanini lapho kungenjalo. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuvikela ukuqiniswa okuvela ekushayweni komswakama wenhlabathi, ikakhulukazi ezingeni eliphakeme lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma ngesikhathi sokuqina. Ukulungiswa kwamanzi kubhokisi lamagiya kuzoholela ekumisweni kokunikezwa kwegesi. Ukusuka ekusungulweni kwezobuchwepheshe kwakamuva, kungabikwa ukuthi ama-Gazgolders, lapho kungekho khona indawo ebizayo - intamo, esikhundleni sayo ukuqiniswa kwakho kubekwa kumashubhu aphezulu. Ngaphandle kwe- "Forest" yazo ivaliwe nge-cap yensimbi. Kuvela okushibhile, kepha izindlela zokuphepha ziyabonakala, ngoba ukuphakama kwamashubhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubeke wonke ama-valve angenhla kwendawo yezikhukhula.
Ukufakwa ithangi elivundlile ngokuqiniswa okuvaliwe okuhunyushwe kumashubhu aphezulu. Photo: "Igesi yaseRussia"
Ipayipi elingaphansi komhlaba legesi esakhiweni lenziwa ngamapayipi e-polyethylenegesi. Photo: "Igesi yaseRussia"
I-cap evikelayo iqhuma ukuze ukufinyelela komoya kunikezwe indawo yokuqiniswa, kepha ngasikhathi sinye akuzange kube namanzi ebusweni bomhlaba nasemhlabeni ongaphansi kwamanzi eduze komhlaba. Photo: "Igesi yaseRussia"
Ungakuvimbela kanjani i-ges poreasing?
Ukufakwa kwe-reservoir kwenziwa emgodini olungiselelwe ngakho. Umcamelo onesihlabathi onesihlabathi onobukhulu obungama-30-50 cm ngokukhulu kuka-30-50 cm wakhiwa, nemigqa. I-conkcrete slab ibekwa kuwo, lapho igesi ekhula khona ihlelwe khona ngamakhebula wensimbi ukuze kufinyelele ezingeni lamanzi aphansi komhlaba, amandla awaphezulu. Iphuzu eliphakeme le-reservoir kufanele libe ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi okungenani ama-60 cm. Ipayipi legesi lixhumene ngegiya, okuthi, kanye ne-valve yokugcwalisa, i-valve yokukhetha, i-valve yokuphepha, idivaysi edingekayo yokusebenza kwe-gaglder. Kusuka ephepheni legesi kuya endlini, ipayipi legesi ligcwele ngaphansi komhlabathi, ipayipi litholakala ekujuleni kwamazinga okuqandisa komhlaba. Kumadivayisi okufanele abe nawo, kepha hhayi empeleni, isihlukanisi se-condensate yegesi singokwethu. Le divayisi ibekwa epayipi legesi ngaphambi kokuyixhumanisa ne-boiler yegesi endaweni yayo ephansi emhlabathini.
Ubusika isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokufakwa kwe-GazGolder: Ukulayisha kwabakhi kuyancishiswa, futhi ngeke kudingeke ukuthi alinde iqembu lochwepheshe. Photo: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Enye idivaysi ongakukhetha uhlelo lwe-telemetry olukuvumela ukuthi uqhube ukulawula okukude kwe-inthanethi ngaphezulu kwesimo seGazagolder kanye nezinga lokugcwalisa ithangi. I-telemetry, kunjalo, yandisa izinga lenduduzo, futhi akusona isihawu ngawo ukukhokha ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10-15, futhi kwezinye izikhathi kungatholakala ngokujwayelekile mahhala. Le nsizakalo ihlinzekwa ngabanye abafaka abanikazi bamagesi. Azihlali i-vnaklad - amasistimu anikezwa yiwo aphindwe kabili imininingwane, kepha uma isifakeli sabakwaMazuzu sihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokubonisa amathangi, kuvela, kungahlala kunikeza umnikazi wamafutha. Futhi uma ubheka ukuthi intengo kaphethiloli e-liquefied yi-14-17 ruble. Ngemuva kwelitha, nje imijikelezo embalwa yokuvuselela amandla okuyeka ngokuphelele izindleko ze-elekthronikhi.
Indlu Yesistimu Yokuthenga Ezizimele
Ukubona ngeso lengqondo: Igor Smirhagin / Burda Media
Kungani udinga isihlukanisi segesi?
Isihlukanisi segesi, noma umqoqi we-condensate, ukhonza ukuqoqa i-condensate yegesi ewuketshezi, okuthi, ngengozi ezithile, angangena kwipayipi lakho lasekhaya (kungenzeka kwalokhu kuncane, kepha akusekho zero). Uma i-condensate enjalo iwela esitsheni noma epuletini lepuleti, iyabhubhisa. Kuhle kakhulu kuzoba nokotini omkhulu, nangomonakalo omubi kakhulu wenqubo.Ungakugwema kanjani amahlazo nomakhelwane?
Uma iGazagolder ingakwazi ukungena ku-Plot ngaphandle kokwephulwa, ochwepheshe bayalulekwa ngokuyinhloko ukuqapha ukuhambisana nezinhloso zomakhelwane. Kulula ukugwema amahlazo. Wena, ekugcineni, ngeke uzifakezele enkantolo uma iGazagolder ivela ukuba isondele kakhulu ekhaya lakho noma uthango? Kepha omakhelwane kungenye indaba.
Kuyo yonke iminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi, angikaze ngihlangane nama-gragolders amasha (efektri) aqinisekiswe ngokusho kwe-gost nangesikhathi esifanayo. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala khetha ubani ozofaka i-GazGolder yakho. Ezimweni eziningi, ulwazi lwangempela kuphela olusiza ukuncoma kahle ivolumu, uhlobo kanye nomkhiqizi weGazagolder ngesimo sakho, futhi unjiniyela ngeke afihle izici zabakhiqizi abahlukene, ngoba kuzoqinisekiswa yimikhiqizo yabo. Ngokuqondene nemithombo ngokwayo, angikaze ngincome lokho okusetshenziswe futhi okubizwa ngokuthi ama-gasgolders abuyiselwe (imvamisa akhishwe okusha, futhi le makethe yathuthukiswa eminyakeni embalwa edlule). Amathangi anjalo avame ukuthola abathengisi cishe ngeze. Kepha isimo salezi zitsheni asaziwa, akekho ohlola ngokungathi sína. Futhi kulokhu, hhayi ngisho nelotho, kepha ingozi engaba khona ngokwakho nabanye, kungcono ukukhetha ikhambi elihluke ngokuphelele.
U-Alexander Denisov
Umqondisi wezentengiso weGAZ Region utshala imali
Amabanga amancane avela ezindaweni zokugcina ezingaphansi komhlaba ezintweni zebhizinisi *
| Uhlobo lwento yezomnotho | Ibanga lokukhanya, m | |
|---|---|---|
| Ivolumu yethangi lize libe ngu-10 m3 | I-Tank Volume 10-20 M3 | |
| Izakhiwo zokuhlala | Okuthenyalwayo | ishumi nanhlanu |
| Amanje | isishiyagalombili | Okuthenyalwayo |
| Izindawo zokudlala | Okuthenyalwayo | Okuthenyalwayo |
| Indle engaphansi komhlaba | I-3.5 | I-3.5 |
| Imigwaqo emikhulu 4 no-5 | isihlanu | isihlanu |
| Umthombo | isihlanu | isihlanu |
| Izihlahla. | Okuthenyalwayo | Okuthenyalwayo |
* Lapho uklama ezimweni zokucindezela, kuvunyelwe ukunciphisa la mabanga ngo-50%.