Izakhamizi eziningi ziyavumelana nesitatimende sokuthi impilo ekhululekile ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuthuthwa kwendle okujwayelekile.
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"Ukusebenziseka kalula" kwakungekho egcekeni, kodwa endlini, futhi konke kwazenzelwa uma kungenzeka. Ungayakha kanjani uhlelo olunjalo endlini eyodwa?
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wenethiwekhi yendle yendlu yezwe ukuqoqa futhi uhlanze amanzi asetshenzisiwe amanzi asendlini. Ukudlula ngezigaba eziningana zokuhlanza, imisele kufanele ihlanzwe kulowo osesimweni ukuze amanzi angaba ngaphandle kokubandlulula imvelo ukusetha kabusha ohlelweni lwamatshe noma emgwaqweni (noma, asebenze kangcono, sebenzisa amanzi ezobuchwepheshe ku Umnotho).
Kukholakala ukuthi imisele iba iphephile lapho ihlanza ngo-99%. Kungani kufiseleka kangaka ukuhlanzeka? Iqiniso ngukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-effluent akunakwenziwa emgodini noma endaweni ethile ngaphandle kwesiza. Futhi uma amanzi angcolile evele aqoqa e-cesspool, lokho kungagcwalisa ngokushesha. Ake sithi, uma umuntu oyedwa ekhiqiza amalitha angama-200 esitokisini ngosuku, khona-ke umndeni wabantu abathathu unama-4 m³ ngesonto. Kuzodingeka ukuthi ushayele imoto engqubuzana nayo masonto onke, futhi indle lizobe "lwegolide" ngokweqiniso.
Imithetho emi-4 yomsebenzi osebenzayo wezindawo zokulashwa kwamanzi amdaka
- Musa ukulahla izinto ezinoshevu endaweni yokuthuthwa kwendle (ngokwesibonelo, i-chlorine-equkethe), amagciwane amakhulu. Sebenzisa okokuhlanza okukhethekile kuphephile eLos Microflora.
- Musa ukukhipha imfucuza kusuka ekuhlunga kohlelo lokwelashwa kwamanzi.
- Musa ukuhlanganisa amanzi emvula ukusuka ekuthunyuleni kwendle kwesivunguvungu kanye nokuqukethwe amachibi. Lokhu kungumthwalo owengeziwe ohlelweni.
- Sebenzisa imbewu efanelekile yemvelo futhi ungagcini ama-microorganisms "ku-soldering elambile", usebenzisa njalo indlu yangasese.
Khetha i-Septic
Akunandaba noma ngabe uhlelo lokuhlanza seluhlelwe kanjani, kufanele lufake ithangi le-septic - ithangi lapho imivimbo "emnyama" evela ethoyilethi (ingabe i-septic ye-septic - ne-cesspool, okubizwa nangokuthi nge-septic empilweni yansuku zonke ). Ese-septic, ezinye izakhi zokungena ngaphakathi ziwela phansi, kucacelwe amanzi angcolile. Kukhona nezinqubo zokucubungula ngemvelo zokungcoliswa (noma ukubola nje). Amagciwane anaerobic enzelwe leli cala, ezimweni ezijwayelekile aphila, ngokwesibonelo, emhlabathini ngaphandle kokuthola umoya-mpilo. Ngokunjalo, ngokwesibonelo, ama-microbes-methanegens, avutha ezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, aziguqula abe yi-methane nekhabhoni.
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Amathangi e-Septic angaba ukwakheka okuhluke kakhulu: okuyindilinga, okuqondile, amalahle, cylindrical. Ezimweni eziningi, lokho okuqukethwe kwecala kuhlala isikhathi eside ipulasitiki, engasebenza ngaphandle kwemifantu kanye nokuvuza kwamashumi eminyaka ambalwa
Izicelo zesimanje ze-septic zisezimweni eziningi zeziqukathi ezenziwe ngopulasitiki ezihlala isikhathi eside. Zingaba nazo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu (ezivame ukuba ngamakamelo amane) agcwele amapayipi ukuze ama-drains adlule amakamelo, futhi izinto zokungena ngaphakathi zawela ediment. Ngasikhathi sinye, ugeleza usuka kwelinye ikamelo kwelinye, imisele yedlula yokuhlanzwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu akuyona inqubo eyanele, kukholelwa ukuthi inqubo ithatha okungenani izinsuku ezi-3.
Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, umthamo we-septic kufanele okungenani ungabi ngaphansi komthamo wezinsuku ezintathu wamanzi angcolile. Uma sicabanga ukuthi umuntu oyedwa osukwini uchitha amalitha amanzi ayi-150-200 amanzi ekuhlanzeleni, ukugeza, ukupheka, kulula ukubala ukuthi ithangi le-septic kumuntu oyedwa kufanele libe yivolumu okungenani engu-450-600 l, futhi Umndeni wabantu abathathu - cishe 2 m³.
Photo: Leroy Merlin (3)
Ukwehluleka: Bioactivator Biosept ("Live Bacteria") Ye-Septic naseCesspools (a). Izinhlelo ze-Septic Biographic (Khimola) ezinhlelweni ze-anaerobic nezohlobo ezixubile (b). Izikhukhula "ze-Septic" (Bioelements) zokuhlanza i-semposhing drain (b)
I-Septics ngendlela efanelekile amadivaysi alula, lapho ukhetha okungeziwe ngokungezelela amandla, unganaka ngaphandle kweJiyomethri. Kunamathangi okuqhuma okuqondile (baphinda isimo semithombo kwizindandatho zikakhonkolo), futhi kukhona ukufakwa okuvundlile. Lesi sakamuva sidinga idivaysi ejulile emgodini ojulile, obaluleke kakhulu ezingeni eliphakeme lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Kepha amathangi we- "Holontal" Septic athatha isikhala esithe xaxa esizeni.
Ukufakwa okulungile kwe-Septica
Kubekwa epulazini le-septic ngendlela yokuthi ulondoloze ibanga elincane phakathi kwalo nakwezinye izinto zezomnotho ezidingekayo ukuze uthole izinhlinzeko ze-SES. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokwesibonelo, kufanele kutholakale ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-5 ukusuka endlini futhi okungenani ama-20 m kusuka ekuthathweni kwamanzi. Izinhlelo zokudonsa inhlabathi lapho amanzi adlula khona isikulufa ngemuva kwe-septic, emhlabathini omncane, kuyadingeka ukususa amamitha angama-30 ukusuka emthonjeni, eSandy naseStamp - ngo-50 m.
Kuyinto efiselekayo ngasikhathi sinye ukuze i-septic ingekho kude kakhulu nendlu, khona-ke ngeke kudingeke ukuwele ngokuqinile ipayipi kanye ne-septic tank uqobo. Zigwebe wena: Ipayipi elivela endlini lisuselwa kuma-30-50 cm ngaphezulu kokujula kwezinga eliyiqhwa (esifundeni saseMoscow lingaba ngo-70 cm). Ithambeka le-Slope tube lisethwe cishe ku-2-3 cm (linqunywa yi-snip ngokuya ngobubanzi nezinto ezibonakalayo).
Kulula ukubala lokho lapho ususa 10 m kusuka endlini, ipayipi lizongena cishe ngo-100 cm (70 + 30), futhi lapho isusa ama-20 m isivele i-30 cm. Ngemuva kwalokho Umgodi uzoba nokujula kwe-4,5 m .. Ishubhu lokuphuma lizohlanganiswa ngokuqinile (imvamisa ukuphuma kwe-septic kungu-10-15 cm ngaphansi kokufaka). Ngakho-ke, ama-septicifves azama ukungathumeli amazinga amamitha ayi-5 ukusuka endlini.
Photo: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
I-Septic (Esilinganisweni i-Two-Chamber) ibekwe ibanga okungenani le-5 m kusuka esakhiweni, amapayipi kuwo ahamba no-2-3 cm ngemitha ngayinye yepayipi. Uma amapayipi etholakala ngenhla kwezinga lokulebula komhlaba, khona-ke ngesikhathi sonyaka wonke, adinga ukufakwa esikhundleni (ngokwesibonelo, ikhebula lokushisa)
Lapho ukhetha indawo, cabanga ngomoya ovukile. Ukujwayelekile kwe-septic okujwayelekile kufakwe ohlangothini lwendlu lwangaphakathi lwendlu, i-Verandas, ama-arbors ukugwema iphunga elingathandeki. Ngenhloso efanayo, ubungozi bomoya omncane buhlelwe ngokuthutha indle basekhaya, elisuswe ezingeni lophahla. Umkhaza we-septic futhi uhlome ngepayipi lokupholisa umoya, okuboniswa okungenani ngamasentimitha angama-50 ukusuka ezingeni lomhlabathi (kungenziwa, ukuphakama okungu-2-2,5 m, ngakho-ke iphunga ngeke lizwele nakancane) .
Amathangi e-Septic anevolumu enkulu ngenxa yokuthi yiziphi amamodeli akhanyayo avela epulasitiki angaphuma "uma ubuchwepheshe bokufaka buphukile; I-Seticum Eqinile, Ukhonkolo Uyisiphetho Esinjalo, Ngokunokwenzeka, Akasongeli
Lapho ukhetha indawo, ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-septicch iyizikhathi ezithile (imvamisa kanye ngonyaka nesigamu) kufanele ikhishwe. Ngakho-ke, kufanele itholakale ukuze umshini wokuhlola ungayixosha kuye. Ubude be-hose yemoto buvame ukuba ngu-6-15 m, ngakho-ke, kucatshangelwa ukujula kwekhono, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi umshini ungangenwe kuwo okungenani ubude be-10-12 m. Ngemuva kwayo izindleko zokuphampula umthamo we-3- 4 m³ yi-2-3 ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane.
Kepha uma ibanga ukusuka emgwaqweni likhulu kakhulu (40-50 m), uzodinga izinsizakalo zomshini wenhlangano onamandla futhi ebizayo, inqubo enjalo kungenzeka ingabi kuyo yonke indawo, futhi izindleko zezinsizakalo zayo cishe zizoba ngu-2- Izikhathi ezi-3 eziphakeme.
Ithangi le-septic lingenziwa ngendlela yendabuko, eyenziwe ngezindandatho zokhonkolo ezifakwe mvuzo komunye nomunye. Ngaphansi kwalomklamo kubhalwe phansi, kanti ama-slots aphakathi kwezindandatho avalwa ngokhonkolo. Ngokubulawa okuhlanzekile, i-septicch eyenziwe ekhaya enjalo ngeke isebenze ayibi kakhulu kunepulasitiki.
Izigaba zokukhwela
Ukulungiselela isisekelo. Photo: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Ukuze uthole i-sepcccrete, ipuleti ayidingeki, kepha i-living crane izodingeka. Photo: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Ukujula komgodi kuncike ekususeni kusuka endlini, ngenkathi i-hatch kufanele ikhonjiswe ezingeni lomhlabathi. Photo: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Izinhlobo zezinhlelo ze-Filtration zenhlabathi
| Uhlobo Lokwakhiwa | Ukusetshenziswa okubaliwe, M³ / Day | Izinhlabathi zenhlabathi | Ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, m |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amasimu okuhlunga angaphansi komhlaba | Akunqunyelwe | Isihlabathi, iSandes | Hhayi ngaphansi kuka-1.5 m kusuka kusibuko samanzi emngceleni ophansi we-drainage |
| Ukuhlunga kahle | Kufika ku-1 m³ / Day | Isihlabathi, iSandes | 1 m ngaphansi kwesisekelo somthombo |
| Isihlungi se-sand-gravel (mpo noma ezivundlile) | Akunqunyelwe | ISuglinka, ubumba | Hhayi ngaphansi kuka-1.5 m kusuka kusibuko samanzi emngceleni ophansi we-drainage |
| Ukuhlunga umsele | Akunqunyelwe | ISuglinka, ubumba | Hhayi ngaphansi kuka-1.5 m kusuka kusibuko samanzi emngceleni ophansi we-drainage |
| Ukuhlunga indunduma | Akunqunyelwe | Isihlabathi, amasango, i-suglinki | Ngaphansi kuka-1.5 m kusuka ebusweni bomhlaba |
Yiluphi uhlelo lokuhlunga lokuqala?
Ukusuka kwi-septic, imisele ehlasiwe iwela esigabeni esilandelayo sokuhlanza. Kungenziwa zombili emathangini afana ne-septica futhi ngqo ezinhlelweni zokuhlunga kwenhlabathi. Lesi sakamuva siyinhlaka emhlabathini eyenziwe ngezendlalelo eziningana zemihlaba ewayo ngezimpawu ezithile zokuhlunga (isihlabathi, isobho). Ngaphakathi kwale micamelo, ishubhu elihlanganisiwe libekwe lapho imisele yokucaciswa ivela khona. Amasheya aqala kancane kancane futhi ahlungwa ohlelweni lokuhlunga lomhlabathi.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlelo zokuhlunga inhlabathi. Lolu hlobo noma olunye uhlobo lusetshenziswa ngokuya ngevolumu elihleliwe lamanzi amdaka, izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kanye namakhono okuhlunga wenhlabathi yesayithi.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlelo zenhlabathi ze-Filtration zihlela kube lula, ngokwesibonelo, isihlungi esinecala elilula le-pair of a pair of izindandatho zikakhonkolo ezigcwaliswe ngaphakathi ngokuhlunga emuva. Akukho ngaphansi kwalokhu, amanzi aqhamuka eSeptica engxenyeni yawo ephezulu nangaphansi kwesenzo sokudonsela phansi angena emhlabathini. Ukuhlunga kahle kuyithuluzi elihlangene, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlelo ezingahlala amamitha-skwele ambalwa wendawo yesakhiwo. Okubi kwabo kuhlanganisa:
- Isidingo sokushintsha ngesikhashana komgogodla - kanye njalo ngeminyaka eyi-10-15 yokwakha umcamelo womhlaba wonke;
- Umsebenzi omubi ebusika.
Noma kunjalo, amasu amakhulu wezinhlelo zokuhlunga zenhlabathi isidingo sezindawo ezinkulu ezingaphansi kwazo. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezincane engadini. Namuhla, ukuthambekela kokusebenzisa indle yokwethulwa kwendle izitshalo (los) kuqeqeshwa ngokucacile.
Ungakufinyelela kanjani ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi ngo-99%
Ithangi le-septic elakhiwe yiyo yonke imithetho lihlinzeka ngokuhlanza ngo-60-70%. Lokhu, nokho, akwanele ngokwenele ukuze amanzi ahlanziwe akwazi ukusetha kabusha, athi, emfuleni. Ngokusho kwamazinga wokuhlanzeka, izinga lokuhlanza kufanele libe ngu-99%. Ngakho-ke, i-Effaent ngemuva kokuthi i-Septic kufanelekile ukuthi idlwengulwe ohlelweni lokudonsa lomhlabathi kungaba kwizikhungo zokwelashwa kwendle zasendaweni (Los). Kodwa-ke, ngisho ne-FOL esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu ayinikezi ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi amanzi angcolile ngama-99% (avele akhishwe ezindaweni ezihleliwe), okungenani, 98%. Amaphesenti asele athola amagciwane amanzi emthonjeni okhethekile nge-chlorination (ku-cartridge ebekwe kahle nge-chlorine lime) noma nge-ozonation (ozonizer ifakwa ngokufanele).
Yini inzuzo yezitshalo zokwelashwa kwendle zasendaweni?
Izikhungo zokwelashwa kwendawo zangaphandle zihlukahluka kancane kusuka ku-septic, kepha kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngaphakathi. Ngokungeziwe egumbini lokufaka (septic), kuvame ukuba namakhamera amabili noma amaningi lapho amasistimu ahlukahlukene wokuhlanza atholakala khona. Cishe mhlawumbe uzothola isihlungi se-bio kuzo - amandla ane-frosting impahla (shizizite, ceramzit), ngaphezulu kwawo ama-bacterium ama-bacterium ahlala kuwo. Indlela yokuhlunga kanye nendlela yokuhlanza e-Biofilter imayelana nokufana nalokho okuhlangenwe nakho kahle, kepha kusebenza kahle ngenxa yokusebenzisa amagciwane angenazo lobuciko (ukugcwaliswa emuva kungathengwa esitolo esikhulu sezitolo).
Izinhlelo zokuhlunga kwenhlabathi zibhekene kahle nokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka, kepha, njengomthetho, ahlale endaweni enkulu ngakho-ke azilungele kakhulu izingosi zezwe.
Futhi ekwelashweni kwendle kungaba yi-Aerotenk - isitsha esine-compressor, sagcwala ama-bubble amanzi. I-OXYGEN SallAtion inikela ngokusheshiswa kwezinqubo eziwusizo zamakhemikhali. Kungokuthosa nge-Aerotanes enikeza amazinga aphezulu kakhulu (98%) amanzi amdaka (kwenye i-los, izinga lokuhlanza litholakala cishe ngama-95%). Ukusetha kabusha amanzi anjalo kudinga amagciwane awo angeziwe. Ukungathandeki kwama-aerotanes ukuncika kwabo kugridi yamandla.
Photo: "Triton Plastic"
Ngezinga eliphakeme lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma inhlabathi engangeni manzi, kusetshenziswa ama-primer primer fielstration system, kulokhu, ipompu izodingeka ekuphakamiseni kwamanzi
Namuhla kunamamodeli amaningi we-septic ne-los emakethe, ahlukile kwizinkomba ezimbili - isilinganiso sokugeleza esilinganiselwe (Mangaki amamitha we-cubic noma amamitha ayi-cubic okusebenza ngosuku lokuhlanzwa kwamanzi amdaka. Amamodeli athuthukile kakhulu afakwe izinzwa zokugcwalisa zeCapacitance kanye nezindlela zokulandela ama-microprocessos. Futhi uma kwenzeka kunzima ukuxazulula inkinga, lezo zikhungo zokwelapha zizothumela umyalezo we-SMS kumnikazi wazo. Vele, izindleko ze-automated los ziphakeme kakhulu.
Uma i-septic ye-Multi-Chamber kusuka epulasitiki ingathengwa ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20-30, khona-ke iziteshi zokuhlanza ezenzakalelayo zizobiza ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-150-200. futhi nokuningi. Eminyakeni engu-2-3 edlule, abanye abakhiqizi, ngokuya ngemisebenzi yokuthengisa, sekuyindlela yabo ephelele (enezindlela zokuhlanza ezinhlanu-ezinhlanu) ukubeka njengamathangi e-septic. Ngakho-ke, chaza izinga lokuhlanzwa kwamanzi amdaka. Uma kungama-97-98%, imisele izohlanzeka, futhi ingasuswa ngaphandle kokucekelwa phansi kokukhululeka (emgodini). Ngaphandle kwalokho, badinga ukondliwe, ngoba ngaphandle kwalokhu, abakwa-Sabunusters bakwenqabela ukusebenza kwensiza.
Ngendlela efanelekile ekwakhiweni kwe-septic, ingena kahle endaweni yengadi. Photo: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Ungakhohlwa, nokho, ngezikhathi ezithile kuzodingeka ukuba ungenelutho, ngakho-ke umnyango wokuhamba kwezithuthi kufanele usindiswe. Photo: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Ithangi le-septic yepulasitiki lifakwa emcanyweni we-dummy ngobukhulu obungama-20-30 cm. Ezingeni eliphakeme lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kuqala kufakwa isigaxa sikakhonkolo. Izikhala eziseceleni zilale ngesihlabathi, esibekwe phansi (30-50 cm) trambit. Photo: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Ukugijima nokuphuma ku-septic ekhonkolo, izikhala phakathi kwepayipi kanye nezindlu zivaliwe. Photo: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Kusuka ngaphezulu kwepayipi lokupholisa umoya kungukuphuma, imvamisa ngokuphakama kwe-50-100 cm; Ukuze induduzo, kungenziwa nokuphakama okukhulu, khona-ke amaphunga angathandeki ngeke akuphazamise. Photo: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru