Ngemuva kokuthenga ifulethi endlini entsha, ngifuna ukuqala umsebenzi wokuqeda ngokushesha okukhulu. Kepha kuthiwani uma ekuhlolweni kokuqala uthole umshado okhuphukayo noma wokwakha?
Photo: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Izindlu ezakhiweni ezintsha zinikezwa ngaphezulu "ngokhonkolo", zilungiselelwe ukuqeda okuqediwe (ngesihlahlana phansi kanye nophahla oluqondayo nophahla) noma ukulungele ngokuphelele ukuhlawula. Kunoma ikuphi, amaphutha acacile futhi afihliwe avame ukutholakala ezindlini ezihlalisiwe. Okokuqala, ake sixoxe ngohlangothi olungokomthetho lwenkinga.
Ama-nuances asemthethweni
Namuhla, ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zokuhlala amafulethi amaningi, ifomu lokwabelana libuswa ngokuphelele yi-Federal Law No. 214-Fz (njengoba kuchitshiyelwe, ngamandla kusuka ngoJanuwari 1, 2017). Lo mthetho uhlinzeka ngesibopho sonjiniyela wokuqedwa kokusilela kwento (efulethini kanye nendlu yonke) ngesikhathi sesiqinisekiso, kepha isikhathi esichaziwe kwisivumelwano, kepha isikhathi esinqunyelwe. Kuliqiniso, isiqinisekiso semishini yezobuchwepheshe nezobunjiniyela imvamisa incane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unjiniyela angazama ukufakazela enkantolo ukuthi imbangela yecala kwakuwukugqoka kwemvelo kwento, ukwephulwa kwemithetho yokusebenza kwayo noma okungafanele.
Ngenxa yezobulungiswa, siyabona ukuthi izinkampani eziningi zokwakha azifuni ukungqubuzana nabakhileyo futhi zilungele ukuya esivumelwaneni. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungisa konke ukushiyeka esithombeni bese kubabhalisa eMthethweni yokwamukela ifulethi. Ngemuva kwalokho ungadinga ukuqedwa kwamahhala kokushoda kungakapheli isikhathi esifanele, ukuncishiswa okulinganayo ngentengo yenkontileka noma isinxephezelo ukuze kukhishwe amaphutha. "
Yini edingekayo? Ukuvakashelwa kwamahhala kwethimba lokulungisa kulula ukufeza, kepha amakhosi kufanele alinde amasonto, futhi, maye, awwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuxazulula inkinga kusukela okokuqala. Ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukuqeda isici ngokwakho ngokushesha okukhulu nangomphumela omuhle kakhulu, kepha hhayi ukugwema izingxabano nomuntu onjiniyela mayelana nezilinganiso (kungenzeka ukuthi kuzodingeka ukuthi zinqume umbuzo enkantolo). Kodwa-ke, kuzo zombili lezi zimo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukubheka uhlangothi lwezobuchwepheshe lombuzo - uma kungenjalo ngeke ukwazi ukuhlola ikhwalithi yomsebenzi.
4 UMkhandlu Novokelo
- Ukuze uthole amafulethi etholwayo, kungcono ukumema uchwepheshe kwinkampani ekhethekile. Izindleko zenkonzo zisuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15.
- Ukubonisa izimangalo zenkampani, zama ukuza esivumelwaneni sokuhlala futhi ungalethi icala enkantolo.
- Ungasayini isenzo sokuthola ifulethi, lapho kunophawu mayelana nokuntuleka kwezicelo zezakhiwo.
- Uma inkampani yezokwakha igcwele ukubhebhana, umthengisi uqeda okungapheli.
Ukufakwa okungalungile kweWindows
Kuze kube ngu-60% wezikhalazo mayelana nokushiyeka kokwakha kuhlotshaniswa nokufakwa okungafanele kwamawindi kanye ne-balcony doors. Ezinye zalezi zinkinga zixazululwa ngokumane nje, ezinye zidinga ukudilizwa kwezinhlaka.
Phansi ezindongeni ezisatshalaliswa emakhoneni aphansi efasitela. Izizathu ezinokwenzeka kakhulu ukubekwa uphawu okubi komthungo okhuphukayo nokufakwa okungalungile. Amafasitela asezakhiweni ezintsha afakwa ngokuya nge-Gost 30971-2002 "ama-Seams of izindawo ezikhuphukayo zamabhulokhi ewindows ahlangene ezigodini". Leli Zinga lilawula izindlela zokuqondanisa nokubopha i-block yewindows ekuvuleni, kanye nokubopha igebe phakathi kohlaka nodonga. Ngokusho kwe-Gost, ungqimba lwangaphandle lomhlangano umnyombo obhekele ukungangeni manzi kungaba yi-tape yokubopha kwangaphambili (pSUL).
Ngobukhulu obungalungile wegebe elikhuphukayo neteyipu eliphansi eliphansi, okwenzeka ekugcineni akuvikeli umswakama, futhi kwesinye isikhathi i-sealant imane ibambe umoya. Ngenxa yalokhu, amanzi emvula ahlaba umxhwele ungqimba oluphakathi (polyurethane Foam) futhi angena egumbini. Isimo singase sibise ukwehla okumiswe ngokungalungile - kufushane kakhulu noma kunama-convula. I-Seam Seam ayinzima kangako. Okokuqala, kudilizwa yi-tide futhi ususe ukungahambi kahle kodonga, iminonjana yesixazululo noma igwebu, ukuyivimbela ngesikhundla esifanele - nge-10% yendlu. Lapho-ke iphaneli yethani ibuyiselwa endaweni, "Ukutshala" phezu kwe-sealant ephahleni, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho lungisa izikulufa. (Uma ubukhulu be-mal pound elidala bungahambelani nokuhamba, okusha ucezu lukasimende lube izingxenye ezimbili zesihlabathi) noma i-glue tag. Enye inketho ukufaka esikhundleni se-PSMS esezingeni eliphakeme le-Roofing sealant (Stamp Soudal, iTytan Professional, Tehtonikol, njll.). Lapho ubopha uphawu lomthungo lomthakathi, indawo eseduze yohlaka nezindonga ezinomdwebo we-scotch kufanele kube uphawu.
Uma iwindi lifakwe ngokungalungile, izingxenye zezindonga eziseduzane zingahlushwa umswakama, futhi kuzofanela ziphinde zithepha. Photo: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Amabhodwe efasiteleni ngemuva kwemvula. Inkinga ivame ukubangelwa izimbobo zokudonsa amanzi othulini nasesithubeni se-crumb. Ukungena kulezi zimbobo kutholakala esibayeni esingezansi, futhi kulula ukuthola lapho kuvulwa. Ungahlanza izimbobo nganoma iyiphi induku ecashile ngokuzimela - akudingekile ukumema ukulungiswa nhlobo. Kuhle futhi ukubheka isimo sezimbobo zesinxephezelo se-symmetrical kuphrofayela yohlaka olungenhla, yize zivalekile kaningi.
Iwindi likude futhi alivaliwe. Isizathu singaba ukulungiswa okungalungile kokufakwayo (lesi sici kulula ukuyeka) noma uhlaka lweSkew ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Esigabeni sesibili, ukulungisa kulele ekuvezweni komthungo okhuphukayo kusuka ngaphakathi - kulokhu, ipulasitiki nachetnik iyasuswa noma amaphaneli we-sandwich ashibilika akhishwe phansi. Khona-ke kuzodingeka ahlanze ngokuphelele umhlangano we-foam kusuka kwigebe (kungumsebenzi omude impela futhi isikhathi eside), yenza buthaka ama-fastentings wohlaka bese uzama ukubuyela kukho i-geometry efanelekile ngosizo lwe- Design. Ngasikhathi sinye, akunakwenzeka ukwenza imizamo emikhulu: Imishado ifakwe ngezandla zabo, njengendawo yokugcina, ihlupheke kancane nge-cyan yokhuni. Maye, akuhlali njalo ukufeza umphumela ogculisayo: amaphrofayli angakhubazeka ngokwenhlalo ezindaweni eziningi, futhi awathobeli "kubo, akhuphule kakhulu inani lamaphoyinti okunamathisela. Kulokhu, kuzofanele ukhiphe ngokuphelele amabhlokhi amawindi amadala bese ufaka amasha.
Floor screedes defects
Lokhu kufa kunwetshwa yi-perforator nge- "chisel" nozzle noma i-chisel ejwayelekile. Photo: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Media
Ngokulandelayo yenza ama-notches aphambukayo we-brine ekujuleni nasekujuleni kwe-8-12 mm, izinduku ezinama-ribbed zifaka kuzo. Photo: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Media
Bese ubeka ukuqhekeka ngengxube kasimende we-fibro. Photo: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Media
Ezindlini ezilungiselelwe ukuqeda, kukhona iziphambeko zethayi phansi. Kwesinye isikhathi abanikazi abasha babhekana "nesixha sezimbali" ezidinga "ukwelashwa" obizayo.
I-screed iqondaniswe kabi. Ngokuya kwe-SP 29.133330.2011 "Izitezi", ama-lumens phakathi kwesitimela samamitha amabili kanye nobuso bokuhlola akufanele adlule ku-2 mm. Uma ukuphambuka okubucayi okuvela kokuvundlile kuncane endaweni (kunohlobo lwendawo yesihlanu kanye nokufika kwesisombululo), kuzokwazi ukuvumelanisa phansi usebenzisa i-perforator kanye nokubuyiselwa kwezisekelo zoseyili. Uma amaphutha atholakala ezindaweni eziningi, agcizelele ucezwana lwesendlalelo se-liquid esele ndawo yonke.
Imifantu eswelekile kanye nemivimbo. Umsebenzi ohlanganisiwe ohlanganisiwe udinga ukuthi amandla e-monolithic cement-sanding screed yokucindezela okungenani i-15 MPA (cishe ngo-150 kgf / m2), futhi uma engaphansi kokhonkolo, futhi uma ungaphansi kwesendlalelo sokhonkolo, okungenani i-substrate engu-20 MPA. Ngokuphazamiseka kobuchwepheshe (ukusetshenziswa kwezingxube zehora eliphansi, ukomisa okungalungile, ukungabikho kokuphazamiseka kanye nezindonga, njll.) Ukufeza lezi zinkomba. Ihlola amandla we-screedes ingaba sclerometer, kepha imvamisa umshado kulula ukunquma ngokuhlola okulula: ukujula nokukhuphuka (okungaphezulu kwe-1 mm) kuyabonakala kukhonkolo, ukukhishwa kwesendlalelo esingaphezulu kuyabonakala. Uma i-screed inobuthakathaka, kepha iqondaniswe kahle futhi yanamathela esisekelweni, ukulungiswa kwayo kufinyelela ekunwetshisweni kosuku olunamakhaza ka-Fibro kanye nengxubevange ye-gypsum enobukhulu ka-15-20 mm.
I-screed yayikhubazekile lapho yomiswa. Lo mubi uziveza ngokungqongqoza okuyisisekelo lapho uhamba. Njengomthetho, kungenzeka ukuthi uyisuse ngendlela yomjovo: kukhonkolo, umgodi (noma izimbobo eziningana) kuyakhiwa futhi kusetshenziswa isibhamu se-syringe esithelwe kulungiswe ngogesi. Njengoba kusetshenziswe i- "Confubine" ngokuvamisile ngokuvamisile ngokuvundlile, ngaphezulu kufanele kuqoke ungqimba olungaphezulu.
E-loggias, amawindi we-aluminium anezikhohla esisodwa avame ukushintshwa abe yipulasitiki efudumele (Yebo, ngezindleko zawo). Ukuthuthukiswa okufanayo kungahlanganiswa ne-oda lesaziso. Photo: KBE.
Izinkinga Zokwakha Ezinzima
Kwesinye isikhathi izinkinga ezazisanda kubhekana nezinkinga ezinjalo, okunzima kakhulu ukunquma, futhi isimo siba sibi kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi amaphutha angenakuthi akwazi ukuthi kulandiswa nge-akhawunti yokwakha. I-HOOD embi futhi akukho velipress umoya wokucindezela. Ezindlini eziningi zanamuhla, umoya omncane usebenza ngokugculisayo futhi uhlinzeka ngama-valve wodonga noma wefasitela. Kepha kukhona okuhlukile. Ngokukhishwa okubuthakathaka, kuyadingeka ukukhononda ngenkampani yabaphathi, ezokhononda ngonjiniyela.
Ezindlini ezinokulungiswa, ama-laminate akuvalekile abekwe ngaphandle kwabahlanganisi. Imvamisa emikhawulweni yamakamelo, ukuhlanganiswa kuxhunywe ngamaphrofayili akhethekile avela ku-aluminium noma i-HDF. Kubalulekile ukuthi le mbundu iphansi. Photo: Neuhofer Holz
Umsindo wesakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukhathazekile ngezakhamizi zasemafulethini ezitholakala ngaphezulu kwamagumbi ezigwegwe ezibandakanyeka emikhakheni yezohwebo neyokusebenzela. Itholakala lapho, imishini yakha ukudlidliza okude kakhulu nezinto ezihlobene nokwakhiwa komklamo wokwakha. Ungabhekana nomsindo onjalo kuphela emthonjeni. I-HOA kufanele ifune kusuka kwabanikazi bezitolo, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, njll., Ukuze isiqandisi kanye nezinye izisetshenziswa zithuthelwe ku-podimiyamu yokufaka futhi zisuswe odongeni.
Ngamazinga abalulekile weleveli (ngaphezulu kwe-20 mm), phansi kuqondaniswe kabusha. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, kungcono ukwenza ukufakwa kwe-hydraulic noma usebenzise ingxube esomile ukuvikela ukuvuza ngemifantu komakhelwane. Photo: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Isikhunta nokuhogela. Izimbangela zokubonakala ukhunta ezindongeni nophahla lwezakhiwo ezintsha - umswakama ophezulu wezakhiwo nezindlu zokuqeda, kanye nomoya omncane wezakhiwo. Ngaphandle kokuwasusa, ukulwa isikhunta namakhemikhali akunamsebenzi. Izama ukomisa ingaphezulu nge-cannon yokushisa kungadala ukuqhekeka kodaka. Akulula ukunqoba iphunga le-ammonia lesengezo ebusika kukhonkolo. Lapha umoya omncane wesikhathi eside wamakamelo esizulu sezulu esifudumele azosiza.
Ukubeka amakhebuli, kuyadingeka ukucotha izindonga, ezingenakusizakala kakhulu emafulethini alungiselelwe umhlobiso. Kungcono ukuzama ukwelula ucingo olusha ngosizo lwakudala. Photo: "CST"
IKHWALITHI YOKULAWULA
Bheka ikhwalithi yemisebenzi yokuqeda okusalungiswa ingaba ngokuzimela.
- Namathisela izindonga ezisezingeni le-plinth kanye ne-cornice yebha elibushelelezi noma onqenqemeni olusebenzayo lwe-spatula elinobude obungu-1 m. Uma kunezikhala ezingaphezu kuka-1 mm phakathi kwalo nodonga, udonga ludinga uPutty.
- Inhlolovo izindonga zangaphandle nama-engeli. Qiniseka ukuthi azikho izingxenye ezimanzi, imifantu kanye nokuphikisana kwefayibha.
- Ukubeka i-Bubble Level ebhodini elisicaba, kunqume ukuthambeka kwesikrini. Ukudonswa okuvunyelwe okuvunyelwe okuphezulu - 4 mm nge-2 m.
- Qiniseka ukuthi izisekelo nokushintshwa kutholakala ngokohlelo lokuqamba.
- Bheka ukuthi ngabe amapayipi okushisa afudumele nawo alimala amanzi.
Uma, ngenxa yomshado wokwakha (ngokwesibonelo, amafasitela avuzayo), unjiniyela uphoqelekile ukuyibuyisela, kepha akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukufeza lokhu. Yebo, uma ifulethi linikezwa ukuzongena kulo, lesi sici satholakala ngokushesha futhi inkampani yenkontileka isaqhubeka nezinto ezidingekayo (amaphephadonga, upende, phansi). Lapho-ke inkinga izoxazululwa kungakapheli inyanga yenye. Kuwo wonke amanye amacala, ukulungiswa kuzofanela kufezeke ngezindleko zayo ngokuthumela umthuthukisi isitatimende ngesidingo sokunxephezela izindleko. Phikelela ngokulungiswa kwama-flams amancane (ama-chips eminyango kanye namapulangwe, ama-dents esisembozweni esiphansi, njll.) Efulethini elinokuqedwa kucishe kuphele.
